Beam and Detectors
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From God's Particle to Dark Matter
SAE./No.65/October 2016 Studies in Applied Economics FROM GOD'S PARTICLE TO DARK MATTER Joachim Mnich Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and Study of Business Enterprise From God’s Particle to Dark Matter Investigating the Universe: Getting the Big Picture by Colliding Small Particles1 by Joachim Mnich Copyright 2016 by the author. About the Series The Studies in Applied Economics series is under the general direction of Prof. Steve H. Hanke, Co-Director of The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise ([email protected]). About the Author Joachim Mnich is the Director for Particle and Astroparticle Physics at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) and Professor of Physics at the University of Hamburg. He is currently Chair of the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA), a panel working under the auspice of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) to promote international collaboration in all phases of the construction and exploitation of high energy accelerators. He is also a member of numerous national and international strategy and advisory boards. Prof. Joachim Mnich has a graduate degree in electrical engineering and obtained a PhD in particle physics, both from Aachen University. In the past, he has worked on large particle physics experiments at DESY and CERN. His interest is experimental particle physics, particularly precision tests of the electroweak interaction, and the design, development, and construction of modern tracking detectors. Since 2000, he has been a member of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and contributed to the construction of the silicon-based central tracking detector as well as to studies to test the Standard Model of particle physics. -
X-Ray and Optical Diagnostic Beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring
Proceedings of EPAC 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland THPLS002 X-RAY AND OPTICAL DIAGNOSTIC BEAMLINES AT THE AUSTRALIAN SYNCHROTRON STORAGE RING M. J. Boland, A. C. Walsh, G. S. LeBlanc, Y.-R. E. Tan, R. Dowd and M. J. Spencer, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. Abstract powerful diagnostic tool which will deliver data to the Two diagnostic beamlines have been designed and machine group as well as information to the machine constructed for the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring status display for the users. [1]. One diagnostic beamline is a simple x-ray pinhole General Layout camera system, with a BESSY II style pinhole array [2], designed to measure the beam divergence, size and Fig. 1. shows the schematic layout of the XDB with a stability. The second diagnostic beamline uses an optical sketch of the expected beam profile measurement. Both chicane to extract the visible light from the photon beam diagnostic beamlines have dipole source points. The and transports it to various instruments. The end-station electron beam parameters for the source points are shown of the optical diagnostic beamline is equipped with a Table 1. for storage ring with the nominal lattice of zero streak camera, a fast ICCD camera, a CCD camera and a dispersion in the straights and assuming 1% coupling. Fill Pattern Monitor to analyse and optimise the electron Table 1: Electron beam parameters at the source points. beam using the visible synchrotron light. Parameter ODB XDB β x (m) 0.386 0.386 MOTIVATION β y (m) 32.507 32.464 The Storage Ring diagnostic beamlines were desiged to σx (μm) 99 98 serve two essential functions: σx′ (μrad) 240 241 1. -
Celebrating 40 Years of Beam at Triumf
BEAMTIME News from Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics spriNg 2015 | Volume 12 issue 1 Celebrating inside this issue 40 Years of Beam 04 ForTY Years oN 06 FirsT 40 Years at TriumF oF TriumF sCieNCe 08 Ariel e-liNaC 10 ariel sCieNCe program 12 NeWs & aNNouNCemeNTs 14 ProFile Michael Craddock 15 CommerCializaTioN spring Editor: marcello pavan Production: serengeti Design group Beamtime is available online at: www.triumf.ca/home/for-media/ publicationsgallery/newsletter Inquiries or comments to: [email protected] © 2015 TRIUMF Beamtime All Rights Reserved TriumF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada +1 604 222 1047 telephone +1 604 222 1074 fax www.triumf.ca To obtain Beamtime by PDF, sign up at http://lists.triumf.ca/mailman/list- info/triumf-publications TRIUMF is funded by a contribution through the National Research Council of Canada. The province of British Columbia provides capital funding for the construction of buildings for the TRIUMF Laboratory. Director’s VoiCe 3 Jonathan Bagger | Director, TRIUMF Forty Years of reliability Just imagine the excitement and sense of achievement that must have swept through TRIUMF forty years ago, when TRIUMF’s rich the first beam was extracted from the main cyclotron! “history serves An extraordinary feat of engineering, TRIUMF’s 500 MeV cyclotron remains at the as a foundation heart of the laboratory. A machine so robust that it continues to drive cutting-edge on which to build science some four decades later, even being recognized as an Engineering Milestone by the IEEE. new capabilities And that first beam really was just the beginning. -
National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) Project
Department of Energy Project Management Workshop 2016 “Enhancing Project Management” National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS‐II) Project Frank J. Crescenzo, Federal Project Director Office of Science ‐ Brookhaven Site Office NSLS‐II Project • Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SRF) • 10,000 times brighter than NSLS with ultra‐low emittance and exceptional beam stability • Delivers world leading capability to image single atoms • Total Project Cost (TPC) = $912M, TEC= $791.2M; OPC=$120.8M • $150M ARRA accelerated funding profile (did not increase TPC) • LINAC, 3.0 GeV Booster, 500mA Storage Ring 791.5m circumference • 7 Insertion Device Beamlines (ultimate capability for over 60 beamlines) • Various buildings totaling 628,000 gross square feet • Completed 6 months early, added $68M scope from CD‐2 baseline Injector & Storage Ring LINAC BOOSTER STORAGE RING INSERTION DEVICE Beamlines & Endstations CSX Beamline XPD Endstation CHX Endstation HXN Endstation NSLS‐II Floor Plan L‐ LINAC B‐ Booster RF‐ RF facility 1‐5 – Pendant # Why Was This Project Successful? • Basic Energy Science’s (project sponsor) commitment to project success • Laboratory commitment to project success • Excellent Integrated Project Team • Project team’s technical capabilities 6 Thanks! Steven Dierker Laboratory Project Director Aesook Byon Laboratory Deputy Project Director Robert Caradonna Deputy Federal Project Director Phillip Kraushaar Program Manager, SC‐BES 7 Back‐up Slides 8 National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS‐II) Project Storage Ring Lab Office Building (LOB) Satellite Beamline Endstation Building Frank Crescenzo –FPD CD‐4 Achieved March 19, 2015 Brookhaven Site Office (BHSO) Schedule Funding Profile 11 Project Costs WBS WBS Name At CD‐2 Added Scope Final Contingency Utilization Contingency was used primarily for project support which was underestimated and augmented 1.01 PROJECT MANAGEMENT $52,506 $4,743 $69,752 to execute scope additions. -
Physique Nucléaire Et De L'instrumentation Associée Introduction
FR0108546 # DEA-DAPNIA-RA-1997-98 A il. ..33/04 -DSM Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée Introduction Motivés par la curiosité pour les connaissances fondamentales et soutenus par des investissements impor- tants, les chercheurs du vingtième siècle ont fait des découvertes scientifiques considérables, sources de retombées économiques fructueuses. Une recherche ambitieuse doit se poursuivre. Organisé pour déve- lopper les grands programmes pour le nucléaire et par le nucléaire, le CEA est bien armé pour concevoir et mettre au point les instruments destinés à explorer, en coopération avec les autres organismes de recherche, les confins de l'infiniment petit et ceux de l'infinimenf grand. La recherche fondamentale évolue et par essence ne doit pas avoir de frontières. Le Département d'astrophysique, de physique des particules, de physique nucléaire et de l'instrumentation associée (Dapnia) a été créé pour abolir les cloisons entre la physique nucléaire, la physique des particules et l'as- trophysique, tout en resserrant les liens entre physiciens, ingénieurs et techniciens au sein de la Direction des sciences de la matière (DSM). Le Dapnia est unique par sa pluridisciplinarité. Ce regroupement a permis de lancer des expériences se situant aux frontières de ces disciplines tout en favorisant de nou- velles orientations et les choix vers les programmes les plus prometteurs. Tout en bénéficiant de l'expertise d'autres départements du CEA, la recherche au Dapnia se fait princi- palement au sein de collaborations nationales et internationales. Les équipes du Dapnia, de I'IN2P3 (Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules) et de l'Insu (Institut national des sciences de l'Univers) se retrouvent dans de nombreuses grandes collaborations internationales, chacun apportant ses compétences spécifiques afin de renforcer l'impact de nos contributions. -
Development and Evaluation of a Multiwire Proportional Chamber for a High Resolution Small Animal PET Scanner
Henning H¨unteler Development and Evaluation of a Multiwire Proportional Chamber for a High Resolution Small Animal PET Scanner — 2007 — Kernphysik Development and Evaluation of a Multiwire Proportional Chamber for a High Resolution Small Animal PET Scanner Diplomarbeit von Henning H¨unteler Westf¨alische Wilhelms-Universit¨at M¨unster Institut f¨ur Kernphysik — Februar 2007 — Contents 1 Introduction 7 2 Positron Emission Tomography 9 2.1 The β-Decay ............................... 10 2.1.1 Different Types of Radioactive Decay . 10 2.1.2 Different Types of β-Decays ................... 11 2.1.3 The β-Spectrum ......................... 13 2.2 Tracer ................................... 16 2.3 Mean Range and Annihilation of Positrons in Matter . .... 18 2.3.1 PositronRangeinMatter . 18 2.3.2 PositronAnnihilation. 22 2.4 Interactions ofGammaRadiationinMatter . .. 23 2.4.1 PhotoelectricEffect. 23 2.4.2 ComptonEffect.......................... 25 3 Multiwire Proportional Chambers 33 3.1 BasicsonProportionalCounters. 35 3.1.1 ProportionalCountersTubes . 35 3.1.2 GasAmplification. 36 3.1.3 FillGases ............................. 39 3.2 MultiwireProportionalChambers . 43 3.2.1 Geometry of Multiwire Proportional Chambers . 43 3.2.2 ReadoutMethods. .. .. 46 3 4 Contents 4 Motivation for an MWPC Small Animal PET 51 4.1 Reasons for the Construction of a Small Animal PET Detector.... 51 4.2 Motivation for the Development of an MWPC-based PET Detector . 54 4.2.1 Advantages of Scintillation Crystals . .. 54 4.2.2 Advantages of Multiwire Proportional Chambers . ... 55 4.2.3 Conclusions ............................ 56 5 Determination of the Optimal Converter Thickness 57 5.1 Theoretical Determination of the Optimal Converter Thickness . 58 5.2 Experimental Determination of the Optimal Converter Thickness . -
Current Status and Future Developments of Micromegas Detectors for Physics and Applications
applied sciences Review Current Status and Future Developments of Micromegas Detectors for Physics and Applications David Attié , Stephan Aune, Eric Berthoumieux , Francesco Bossù , Paul Colas, Alain Delbart, Emmeric Dupont, Esther Ferrer Ribas , Ioannis Giomataris , Aude Glaenzer , Hector Gómez , Frank Gunsing, Fanny Jambon, Fabien Jeanneau , Marion Lehuraux, Damien Neyret, Thomas Papaevangelou * , Emanuel Pollacco , Sébastien Procureur , Maxence Revolle , Philippe Schune, Laura Segui , Lukas Sohl * , Maxence Vandenbroucke and Zhibo Wu † CEA, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected] (D.A.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (E.D.); [email protected] (E.F.R.); [email protected] (I.G.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (H.G.); [email protected] (F.G.); [email protected] (F.J.); [email protected] (F.J.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (D.N.); [email protected] (E.P.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (Z.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.P.); [email protected] (L.S.) † Also: Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. Abstract: Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAseous Structure) detectors have found common use in Citation: Attié, D.; Aune, S.; different applications since their development in 1996 by the group of I. -
Recent Changes to the E- / E+ Injector (Linac II) at DESY
Proceedings of LINAC08, Victoria, BC, Canada TUP008 RECENT CHANGES TO THE e+ /e- INJECTOR (LINAC II) AT DESY M. Hüning#, M. Schmitz, DESY, Hamburg, Germany Abstract required together with the high revolution frequency of The Linac II at DESY consists of a 6A/150kV DC PIA a reduction of beam pulse duration. electron gun, a 400 MeV primary electron linac, an Today DESY II with its injector Linac II provides 800 MW positron converter, and a 450 MeV secondary electrons and positrons for the synchrotron radiation electron/positron linac. facility DORIS, the synchrotron radiation facility under The Positron Intensity Accumulator (PIA) is also construction PETRA III, and for test beam targets inside considered part of the injector complex accumulating and DESY II. The injection into HERA via PETRA II is shut damping the 50 Hz beam pulses from the linac and off, but there is an option to inject directly into HERA if transferring them with a rate of 6.25 Hz or 3.125 Hz into there is the requirement by future projects. the Synchrotron DESY II. The typical positrons rates are 6⋅1010/s. LINAC OVERVIEW DESY II and Linac II will serve as injectors for the two synchrotron light facilities PETRA III and DORIS. Since Injection System PETRA III will operate in top-up mode, Linac availability The primary electron beam is produced by a 120 kV of 98-99% is required. DORIS requires positrons for pulsed DC diode gun. Beam pulses of up to 6 A and 4 μs operation. Therefore during top-up mode positrons are duration are produced. -
European XFEL Status of Technical Developments Massimo Altarelli
European XFEL Status of Technical Developments Massimo Altarelli On behalf also of Serguei Molodtsov, Andreas Schwarz, Thomas Tschentscher and Karl Witte European XFEL - Status of Technical Developments The European XFEL – “Start-up” Version 2 Some specifications Photon energy 0.8–12.4 keV beam transport & instruments ~1000 m Pulse duration <100 fs Pulse energy few mJ undulator ~200 m super-conducting accelerator 10 Hz/4.5 MHz (27 000 b/s) accelerator ~1700 m 3 beamlines/6 instruments ¾ extension to TDR version with 5 BLs and 10 instruments possible Various other extensions possible SASE 2 tunable, planar e- ¾ variable polarization ID’s ~0.15 – 0.4 nm ¾ electrons shorter wavelengths 17.5 GeV ¾ possibly CW operation SASE 1 - e planar SASE 3 Experiments First beam 2014 0.1 nm tunable, planar 0.4 – 1.6 nm Start of user operation 2015 1.2 – 4.9 nm (10 GeV) Fourth European XFEL Users' Meeting, Hamburg, 27-29.01.2010 Massimo Altarelli, European XFEL European XFEL - Status of Technical Developments Scientific instruments 3 Ultrafast Coherent Diffraction Imaging of Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules (SPB) Structure determination of single particles: atomic clusters, bio-molecules, virus particles, cells. Materials Imaging & Dynamics (MID) Structure determination of nano- devices and dynamics at the nanoscale. Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments (FDE) Time-resolved investigations of the dynamics of Hard x-rays solids, liquids, gases High Energy Density Matter (HED) Investigation of matter under extreme conditions using hard -
The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) I I CHAPTER 5 Benchmark Measurements
Markus Brugger The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Technischen Wissenschaften eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Graz Rechbauerstraße 12 A - 8010 Graz CERN-THESIS-2003-039 //2003 Begutachter: Ao.Univ.-Prof. Dr.techn. Ewald Schachinger Institut fur Theoretische Physik der TU Graz Graz, November 2003 Kurzfassung Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit radiologischen Aspekten am "Large Hadron Collider", welcher momentan am CERN gebaut wird. Im Detail handelt es sich dabei um die beiden so genannten "Beam Cleaning Insertions", jene Bereiche in welchen man versucht möglichst alle Teilchen zu absorbieren, welche ansonsten in anderen Teilen des Beschleunigers zu Schäden führen könnten. Es werden zwei kritische Aspekte des Strahlenschutzes behandelt: Dosisleistung durch induzierte Radioaktivität und die Aktivierung von Luft. Die Anpassung des Designs dieser Regionen in Verbindung mit einer detaillierten Abschätzung der jeweiligen Dosisleistungen ist von großer Wichtigkeit für spätere Wartungsarbeiten. Bisher standen lediglich sehr eingeschränkte Studien über die in jenen Regionen zu erwartenden Strahlenniveaus zur Verfügung, welche diese Dissertation nun zu erweitern und vervollständigen sucht. Dabei wird eine neue Methode angewendet um Dosisleistungen zu bestimmen, welche, da sie zum ersten Mal zu deren Berechnung verwendet wird, sorgfältig im Rahmen eines Experimentes überprüft wird. Zusätzlich stellt die Aktivierung der Luft einen wichtigen Aspekt für die Inbetriebnahme des Beschleunigers dar. Jüngste Änderungen im Konzept des Beschleunigers, machen eine Revision vorhandener Ergebnisse und eine umfassende neue Studie notwendig. Die Ergebnisse von beiden Studien sind von großer Wichtigkeit für die weiteren Entscheidungen bezüglich des endgültigen Entwurfs der "Beam Cleaning Insertions". -
Conceptual Design Report Jülich High
General Allgemeines ual Design Report ual Design Report Concept Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source Source Jülich High Brilliance Neutron 8 Conceptual Design Report Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) T. Brückel, T. Gutberlet (Eds.) J. Baggemann, S. Böhm, P. Doege, J. Fenske, M. Feygenson, A. Glavic, O. Holderer, S. Jaksch, M. Jentschel, S. Kleefisch, H. Kleines, J. Li, K. Lieutenant,P . Mastinu, E. Mauerhofer, O. Meusel, S. Pasini, H. Podlech, M. Rimmler, U. Rücker, T. Schrader, W. Schweika, M. Strobl, E. Vezhlev, J. Voigt, P. Zakalek, O. Zimmer Allgemeines / General Allgemeines / General Band / Volume 8 Band / Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-95806-501-7 ISBN 978-3-95806-501-7 T. Brückel, T. Gutberlet (Eds.) Gutberlet T. Brückel, T. Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) 1 100 mA proton ion source 2 70 MeV linear accelerator 5 3 Proton beam multiplexer system 5 4 Individual neutron target stations 4 5 Various instruments in the experimental halls 3 5 4 2 1 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Allgemeines / General Band / Volume 8 CONTENT I. Executive summary 7 II. Foreword 11 III. Rationale 13 1. Neutron provision 13 1.1 Reactor based fission neutron sources 14 1.2 Spallation neutron sources 15 1.3 Accelerator driven neutron sources 15 2. Neutron landscape 16 3. Baseline design 18 3.1 Comparison to existing sources 19 IV. Science case 21 1. Chemistry 24 2. Geoscience 25 3. Environment 26 4. Engineering 27 5. Information and quantum technologies 28 6. Nanotechnology 29 7. Energy technology 30 8. -
Collider Physics at HERA
ANL-HEP-PR-08-23 Collider Physics at HERA M. Klein1, R. Yoshida2 1University of Liverpool, Physics Department, L69 7ZE, Liverpool, United Kingdom 2Argonne National Laboratory, HEP Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA May 21, 2008 Abstract From 1992 to 2007, HERA, the first electron-proton collider, operated at cms energies of about 320 GeV and allowed the investigation of deep-inelastic and photoproduction processes at the highest energy scales accessed thus far. This review is an introduction to, and a summary of, the main results obtained at HERA during its operation. To be published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics arXiv:0805.3334v1 [hep-ex] 21 May 2008 1 Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Accelerator and Detectors 5 2.1 Introduction.................................... ...... 5 2.2 Accelerator ..................................... ..... 6 2.3 Deep Inelastic Scattering Kinematics . ............. 9 2.4 Detectors ....................................... .... 12 3 Proton Structure Functions 15 3.1 Introduction.................................... ...... 15 3.2 Structure Functions and Parton Distributions . ............... 16 3.3 Measurement Techniques . ........ 18 3.4 Low Q2 and x Results .................................... 19 2 3.4.1 The Discovery of the Rise of F2(x, Q )....................... 19 3.4.2 Remarks on Low x Physics.............................. 20 3.4.3 The Longitudinal Structure Function . .......... 22 3.5 High Q2 Results ....................................... 23 4 QCD Fits 25 4.1 Introduction.................................... ...... 25 4.2 Determinations ofParton Distributions . .............. 26 4.2.1 TheZEUSApproach ............................... .. 27 4.2.2 TheH1Approach................................. .. 28 4.3 Measurements of αs inInclusiveDIS ............................ 29 5 Jet Measurements 32 5.1 TheoreticalConsiderations . ........... 32 5.2 Jet Cross-Section Measurements . ........... 34 5.3 Tests of pQCD and Determination of αs .........................