DOCSLIB.ORG

The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) I I CHAPTER 5 Benchmark Measurements

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) I I CHAPTER 5 Benchmark Measurements Markus Brugger The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Technischen Wissenschaften eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Graz Rechbauerstraße 12 A - 8010 Graz CERN-THESIS-2003-039 //2003 Begutachter: Ao.Univ.-Prof. Dr.techn. Ewald Schachinger Institut fur Theoretische Physik der TU Graz Graz, November 2003 Kurzfassung Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit radiologischen Aspekten am "Large Hadron Collider", welcher momentan am CERN gebaut wird. Im Detail handelt es sich dabei um die beiden so genannten "Beam Cleaning Insertions", jene Bereiche in welchen man versucht möglichst alle Teilchen zu absorbieren, welche ansonsten in anderen Teilen des Beschleunigers zu Schäden führen könnten. Es werden zwei kritische Aspekte des Strahlenschutzes behandelt: Dosisleistung durch induzierte Radioaktivität und die Aktivierung von Luft. Die Anpassung des Designs dieser Regionen in Verbindung mit einer detaillierten Abschätzung der jeweiligen Dosisleistungen ist von großer Wichtigkeit für spätere Wartungsarbeiten. Bisher standen lediglich sehr eingeschränkte Studien über die in jenen Regionen zu erwartenden Strahlenniveaus zur Verfügung, welche diese Dissertation nun zu erweitern und vervollständigen sucht. Dabei wird eine neue Methode angewendet um Dosisleistungen zu bestimmen, welche, da sie zum ersten Mal zu deren Berechnung verwendet wird, sorgfältig im Rahmen eines Experimentes überprüft wird. Zusätzlich stellt die Aktivierung der Luft einen wichtigen Aspekt für die Inbetriebnahme des Beschleunigers dar. Jüngste Änderungen im Konzept des Beschleunigers, machen eine Revision vorhandener Ergebnisse und eine umfassende neue Studie notwendig. Die Ergebnisse von beiden Studien sind von großer Wichtigkeit für die weiteren Entscheidungen bezüglich des endgültigen Entwurfs der "Beam Cleaning Insertions". Abstract This thesis contributes to radiological assessments of the design and operation of the Large Hadron Collider currently under construction at CERN. In particular, the scope of this thesis is to examine the beam cleaning insertions - two of the main loss regions of the LHC where beam particles which would otherwise cause unwanted losses at different places of the machine are purposely intercepted. Two critical issues with regard to the protection of personnel and environment are studied: remanent dose rates due to induced radioactivity and airborne radioactivity. Although a detailed estimate of remanent dose rates is important for an optimization of later maintenance interventions only very limited information on remanent dose rates to be expected around the collimators was available so far. This thesis is an attempt to extend the knowledge considerably, especially by applying a new calculational method. Since this new approach is used for the first time in the design of the LHC a careful benchmarking with experimental data is performed as part of this work. In addition, a revision of existing assessments of airborne radioactivity became necessary after various design changes of the collimation system and due to modifications in the ventilation scheme of the LHC. Therefore, an extensive parametric study is presented covering all possible design scenarious. The results of both studies will give important input to the design of the collimators and the beam cleaning insertions. Table of Contents Kurzfassung Abstract CHAPTER 1 Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2 The LHC Beam Cleaning Insertions . 5 2.1 The Large Hadron Collider . .5 2.2 Collimation . .7 2.2.1 Functional Specifications . .8 2.2.2 A Potential Final Design . .9 2.2.3 The Cleaning Layout for IP 3 and 7 . 10 2.3 Ventilation . 11 CHAPTER 3 Radiological Considerations and Constraints . 13 3.1 The Radiological Protection System . 13 3.1.1 Justification . 14 3.1.2 Optimization . 14 3.1.3 Annual Dose Limits . 14 3.2 Maintenance . 15 3.2.1 Derived Constraints . 15 3.2.2 Work and Dose Planning . 15 3.3 Activation of Air . 16 3.3.1 Radiation Workers . 16 3.3.2 Reference Values for Air Releases . 17 3.3.3 Doses to the Population . 17 CHAPTER 4 Simulation Methods. 19 4.1 The FLUKA Code . 19 4.1.1 The Dual Parton Model . 21 4.1.2 The Generalized Intranuclear Cascade Model . 21 4.1.3 The PEANUT Model . 22 4.1.4 Evaporation, Fragmentation and Nuclear De-excitation . 23 4.2 Induced Radioactivity . 23 4.2.1 Calculation from Star Densities . 23 4.2.2 Calculation from Hadron Track-length Distributions . 24 4.2.3 Direct Simulation of Residual Nuclei Production . 25 4.3 Remanent Dose Rates . 25 4.3.1 Simplified Formulas . 26 4.3.2 Classical ω-Factor Approach . 27 4.3.3 Modern ω-Factor Approach . 28 4.3.4 Detailed Simulation . 29 The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) I I CHAPTER 5 Benchmark Measurements . 31 5.1 The Irradiation Experiment . .31 5.2 Induced Activity Benchmark . .34 5.2.1 Data Analysis . .34 5.2.2 The FLUKA Calculations . .35 5.2.3 Results . .36 5.3 Remanent Dose Rate Benchmark . .47 5.3.1 Dose Rate Measurements . .47 5.3.2 The FLUKA Calculations . .49 5.3.3 Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Dose Rates . .50 5.4 Summary . .59 CHAPTER 6 Radiological Studies for the Beam Cleaning Insertions . 61 6.1 Loss Assumptions . .61 6.2 Earlier Studies . .63 6.2.1 Simulation Models . .63 6.2.2 Remanent Dose Rates . .65 6.2.3 Activation of Air . .67 6.3 Remanent Dose Rates - Simplified Layout . .67 6.3.1 ω-Factor Approach . .68 6.3.2 Explicit Approach . .71 6.3.3 Comparison of ω-Factor Method and Explicit Approach . .75 6.3.4 Example for Intervention Dose Estimate . .79 6.4 Remanent Dose Rates - Realistic Layout . .82 6.4.1 Description of the Geometry . .82 6.4.2 Calculation of Remanent Dose Rates . .83 6.4.3 Planning for an Example Vacuum Intervention . .88 6.5 Air Activation and Ventilation . .89 6.5.1 Description of the Geometry . .89 6.5.2 Calculation of the Isotope Yield . .91 6.5.3 Release . .96 CHAPTER 7 Summary and Conclusions . 101 Bibliography Acknowledgements The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) II 1 Introduction article physics is the branch of physics exploring the innermost basic Pconstituents of matter and their interactions. CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, was founded in 1954 in Geneva (Switzerland) as a joint European project to provide a major scientific facility for particle physicists. Today it is one of the world's largest laboratories, as well as an outstanding example of international collaboration with its 20 member states. The challenge in modern particle physics research is to probe at higher and higher collision energies, because the basic constituents of matter can only be studied at those energies. Thereby, the accelerator itself can be understood as a microscope, with the energy of accelerated particles defining the wavelength used for the analysis and, as a consequence, the resolution of the apparatus. Thus, the higher the collision energy, the larger the spectrum of observable physical phenomena, and the smaller their scale. In the past, numerous experiments were performed at different generations of accelerators, successfully expanding the knowledge in particle physics. Down to the de Broglie scale of 10-18 m, corresponding up to the several hundred GeV energy, nature seems to be described by the so-called Standard Model. This theoretical model describes matter as being built up of combinations of three families of fermions of different types (quarks, electrons, neutrinos). Their interaction are described by several forces mediated by bosons (photons, “weak” bosons, gluons). In spite of its remarkable success as a descriptive and predictive theory (with a precision of 10-3 or better), the Standard Model still shows several shortcomings. As such the origin of the particle masses and their distribution, which spans more than twelve orders of magnitude, are neither predicted nor explained. A possible process to endow particles with masses is their coupling with a particular field permeating space, the so-called Higgs field, which would be mediated by the Higgs boson. Theoretical considerations and experimental searches for the Higgs boson indicate that its mass range would fall between 115 GeV and about 1 TeV. However, the Standard Model including the Higgs mechanism may well not be the ultimate theory. The concept of Grand Unified Theories, which predict the unification of the strengths of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions at very high-energy, would require to expand the Standard Model in order to include other particles (e.g., “supersymmetric”) to the known ones. Although this unification would only occur at very high energies, some of its consequences could also appear as new physics in the TeV range. Modern accelerators, in addition to their capability to discover possible new physics and scrutinise proposed models, will also permit precision The Radiological Situation in the Beam-Cleaning Sections of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction measurements that, e.g., will either confirm the Standard Model or require its modification. Moreover, they will explore through dedicated experiments the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry, as well as the deconfinement of quarks and gluons in a so-called “quarkgluon plasma”. Finally, by providing high resolution powers they may reveal totally unexpected physical phenomena. One of the currently most advanced projects of particle physics in the TeV energy domain is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is presently under construction at CERN through a global collaboration involving all regions of the world active in the field. Upon its completion in 2007, the LHC will accelerate and bring into collision intense beams of protons and ions at unprecedented energy and luminosity (14 TeV and 1034 cm-2s-1, respectively for protons). The collision products will be analysed in four large experiments located in underground caverns around the LHC machine.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • X-Ray and Optical Diagnostic Beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring
    Proceedings of EPAC 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland THPLS002 X-RAY AND OPTICAL DIAGNOSTIC BEAMLINES AT THE AUSTRALIAN SYNCHROTRON STORAGE RING M. J. Boland, A. C. Walsh, G. S. LeBlanc, Y.-R. E. Tan, R. Dowd and M. J. Spencer, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. Abstract powerful diagnostic tool which will deliver data to the Two diagnostic beamlines have been designed and machine group as well as information to the machine constructed for the Australian Synchrotron Storage Ring status display for the users. [1]. One diagnostic beamline is a simple x-ray pinhole General Layout camera system, with a BESSY II style pinhole array [2], designed to measure the beam divergence, size and Fig. 1. shows the schematic layout of the XDB with a stability. The second diagnostic beamline uses an optical sketch of the expected beam profile measurement. Both chicane to extract the visible light from the photon beam diagnostic beamlines have dipole source points. The and transports it to various instruments. The end-station electron beam parameters for the source points are shown of the optical diagnostic beamline is equipped with a Table 1. for storage ring with the nominal lattice of zero streak camera, a fast ICCD camera, a CCD camera and a dispersion in the straights and assuming 1% coupling. Fill Pattern Monitor to analyse and optimise the electron Table 1: Electron beam parameters at the source points. beam using the visible synchrotron light. Parameter ODB XDB β x (m) 0.386 0.386 MOTIVATION β y (m) 32.507 32.464 The Storage Ring diagnostic beamlines were desiged to σx (μm) 99 98 serve two essential functions: σx′ (μrad) 240 241 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating 40 Years of Beam at Triumf
    BEAMTIME News from Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics spriNg 2015 | Volume 12 issue 1 Celebrating inside this issue 40 Years of Beam 04 ForTY Years oN 06 FirsT 40 Years at TriumF oF TriumF sCieNCe 08 Ariel e-liNaC 10 ariel sCieNCe program 12 NeWs & aNNouNCemeNTs 14 ProFile Michael Craddock 15 CommerCializaTioN spring Editor: marcello pavan Production: serengeti Design group Beamtime is available online at: www.triumf.ca/home/for-media/ publicationsgallery/newsletter Inquiries or comments to: [email protected] © 2015 TRIUMF Beamtime All Rights Reserved TriumF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada +1 604 222 1047 telephone +1 604 222 1074 fax www.triumf.ca To obtain Beamtime by PDF, sign up at http://lists.triumf.ca/mailman/list- info/triumf-publications TRIUMF is funded by a contribution through the National Research Council of Canada. The province of British Columbia provides capital funding for the construction of buildings for the TRIUMF Laboratory. Director’s VoiCe 3 Jonathan Bagger | Director, TRIUMF Forty Years of reliability Just imagine the excitement and sense of achievement that must have swept through TRIUMF forty years ago, when TRIUMF’s rich the first beam was extracted from the main cyclotron! “history serves An extraordinary feat of engineering, TRIUMF’s 500 MeV cyclotron remains at the as a foundation heart of the laboratory. A machine so robust that it continues to drive cutting-edge on which to build science some four decades later, even being recognized as an Engineering Milestone by the IEEE. new capabilities And that first beam really was just the beginning.
    [Show full text]
  • National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) Project
    Department of Energy Project Management Workshop 2016 “Enhancing Project Management” National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS‐II) Project Frank J. Crescenzo, Federal Project Director Office of Science ‐ Brookhaven Site Office NSLS‐II Project • Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SRF) • 10,000 times brighter than NSLS with ultra‐low emittance and exceptional beam stability • Delivers world leading capability to image single atoms • Total Project Cost (TPC) = $912M, TEC= $791.2M; OPC=$120.8M • $150M ARRA accelerated funding profile (did not increase TPC) • LINAC, 3.0 GeV Booster, 500mA Storage Ring 791.5m circumference • 7 Insertion Device Beamlines (ultimate capability for over 60 beamlines) • Various buildings totaling 628,000 gross square feet • Completed 6 months early, added $68M scope from CD‐2 baseline Injector & Storage Ring LINAC BOOSTER STORAGE RING INSERTION DEVICE Beamlines & Endstations CSX Beamline XPD Endstation CHX Endstation HXN Endstation NSLS‐II Floor Plan L‐ LINAC B‐ Booster RF‐ RF facility 1‐5 – Pendant # Why Was This Project Successful? • Basic Energy Science’s (project sponsor) commitment to project success • Laboratory commitment to project success • Excellent Integrated Project Team • Project team’s technical capabilities 6 Thanks! Steven Dierker Laboratory Project Director Aesook Byon Laboratory Deputy Project Director Robert Caradonna Deputy Federal Project Director Phillip Kraushaar Program Manager, SC‐BES 7 Back‐up Slides 8 National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS‐II) Project Storage Ring Lab Office Building (LOB) Satellite Beamline Endstation Building Frank Crescenzo –FPD CD‐4 Achieved March 19, 2015 Brookhaven Site Office (BHSO) Schedule Funding Profile 11 Project Costs WBS WBS Name At CD‐2 Added Scope Final Contingency Utilization Contingency was used primarily for project support which was underestimated and augmented 1.01 PROJECT MANAGEMENT $52,506 $4,743 $69,752 to execute scope additions.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptual Design Report Jülich High
    General Allgemeines ual Design Report ual Design Report Concept Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source Source Jülich High Brilliance Neutron 8 Conceptual Design Report Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) T. Brückel, T. Gutberlet (Eds.) J. Baggemann, S. Böhm, P. Doege, J. Fenske, M. Feygenson, A. Glavic, O. Holderer, S. Jaksch, M. Jentschel, S. Kleefisch, H. Kleines, J. Li, K. Lieutenant,P . Mastinu, E. Mauerhofer, O. Meusel, S. Pasini, H. Podlech, M. Rimmler, U. Rücker, T. Schrader, W. Schweika, M. Strobl, E. Vezhlev, J. Voigt, P. Zakalek, O. Zimmer Allgemeines / General Allgemeines / General Band / Volume 8 Band / Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-95806-501-7 ISBN 978-3-95806-501-7 T. Brückel, T. Gutberlet (Eds.) Gutberlet T. Brückel, T. Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) 1 100 mA proton ion source 2 70 MeV linear accelerator 5 3 Proton beam multiplexer system 5 4 Individual neutron target stations 4 5 Various instruments in the experimental halls 3 5 4 2 1 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Allgemeines / General Band / Volume 8 CONTENT I. Executive summary 7 II. Foreword 11 III. Rationale 13 1. Neutron provision 13 1.1 Reactor based fission neutron sources 14 1.2 Spallation neutron sources 15 1.3 Accelerator driven neutron sources 15 2. Neutron landscape 16 3. Baseline design 18 3.1 Comparison to existing sources 19 IV. Science case 21 1. Chemistry 24 2. Geoscience 25 3. Environment 26 4. Engineering 27 5. Information and quantum technologies 28 6. Nanotechnology 29 7. Energy technology 30 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Beamline CDR Template
    LT-XFD_CDR_XPD-00118 NSLS-II Project CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT for the COHERENT HARD X-RAY BEAMLINE AT NSLS-II final draft Sep 2009 NSLS-II Project, Brookhaven National Laboratory Intentionally blank. ii September 2009 Conceptual Design Report for the Coherent Hard X-Ray (CHX) Beamline at NSLS-II Approvals and Reviewers Compiled by Signature Date Andrei Fluerasu, CHX Beamline Scientist, NSLS-II Approved Qun Shen, XFD Director, NSLS-II Reviewers Robert L. Leheny, BAT Spokesperson, on behalf of the BAT Andy Broadbent, Beamlines Manager Nicholas Gmür, ESH Coordinator, NSLS-II Sushil Sharma, Mechanical Engineering Group Leader, NSLS-II Document Updates The Conceptual Design Report for the Coherent Hard X-ray Beamline at NSLS-II is a controlled document, revised under change control. Version No. Date Changes made A 5/13/2009 Initial draft, submitted to BAT B 9/16/2009 Second submittal to BAT, and first to editing 1 10/1/2009 Final draft, submitted to BAT September 2009 iii NSLS-II Project, Brookhaven National Laboratory Intentionally blank. iv September 2009 Conceptual Design Report for the Coherent Hard X-Ray (CHX) Beamline at NSLS-II Contents 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Scientific Requirements .........................................................................................................................1 Glassy Dynamics in Soft Matter.............................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Beam and Detectors
    Beam and detectors Beamline for schools 2018 Preface All the big discoveries in science have started by curious minds asking simple questions: How? Why? This is how you should start. Then you should investigate with the help of this document whether this question could be answered with the available equipment (or with material that you can provide) and the experimental setup of the Beamline for Schools at CERN. As your proposal takes shape, you will be learning a lot about particle physics, detectors, data acquisition, data analysis, statistics and much more. You will not be alone during this journey: there is a list of volunteer physicists who are happy to interact with you and to provide you with additional information and advice. Remember: It is not necessary to propose a very ambitious experiment to succeed in the Beamline for Schools competition. We are looking for exciting and original ideas! Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 The Beamline for Schools ......................................................................................................................... 3 Typical equipment .................................................................................................................................... 4 Trigger and
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Learned from Neutron Instrument Beamline Construction
    SNS NFDD PM-LL-0001-R02 LESSONS LEARNED FROM NEUTRON INSTRUMENT BEAMLINE CONSTRUCTION December 2009 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. i SNS NFDD PM-LL-0001-R02 LESSONS LEARNED FROM NEUTRON INSTRUMENT BEAMLINE CONSTRUCTION December 2009 Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for UT-BATTELLE, LLC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ii Beam Line Lessons Learned System Integration Design Criteria Document (DCD) – Insure that this document clearly states all requirements for the project (including interfaces), that it is reviewed by all appropriate personnel, and signed off by the instrument customer(s). The document should be kept up to date so that the engineering team is always designing to the criteria – not rumor or latest desires. Baseline Debut – Soon after the DCD and P&ID have been drafted, the instrument scientist should present his/her vision of the instrument function, equipment, and operation to a panel consisting of the engineering team, management, key IDT members and other appropriate scientists.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1408.0753V1 [Physics.Ins-Det]
    Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source at ORNL N. Fomin1, G. L. Greene1,2, R. Allen2 , V. Cianciolo2, C. Crawford3, T. Ito7, P. R. Huffman2,4, E. B. Iverson2, R. Mahurin5, W. M. Snow6 1University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA 2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 3University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA 4North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 5University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 6Indiana University and Center for the Exploration of Energy and Matter, Bloomington, IN, USA 7Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA Abstract We describe the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FnPB) facility located at the Spal- lation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The FnPB was designed for the con- duct of experiments that investigate scientific issues in nuclear physics, particle physics, and astrophysics and cosmology using a pulsed slow neutron beam. We present a detailed descrip- tion of the design philosophy, beamline components, and measured fluxes of the polychromatic and monochromatic beams. 1. Introduction Cold neutrons and ultracold neutrons (UCN) have been employed in a wide variety of experi- ments that shed light on important issues in nuclear, particle, and astrophysics. These include the determination of fundamental constants, the study of fundamental symmetry violation, searches for new interactions in nature and tests of the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. Their special combination of properties make them a good choice to address the expanded list of funda- mental scientific mysteries which now confront us in the wake of the discoveries of dark matter and dark energy, which shows that 95% of the energy content of the universe resides in some un- known form.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Beamline Radiation Shielding Design at the National Synchrotron Light Source II
    Guidelines for Beamline Radiation Shielding Design at the National Synchrotron Light Source II Wah-Keat Lee, Razvan Popescu, Zhenghua Xia, Steve Ehrlich and P. K. Job Table of Contents 1. NSLS-II RADIATION SHIELDING POLICY ............................................................................... 4 2. RADIATION SOURCE PARAMETERS AND SHIELDING DESIGN SIMULATIONS........................ 4 3. GENERAL PERSONNEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS GUIDELINES ................................................ 5 4. THERMAL MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................. 5 5. RAY TRACES ....................................................................................................................... 6 6. GUIDELINES FOR STOPS, COLLIMATORS AND SHUTTERS ................................................. 6 6.1 Primary bremsstrahlung stops, collimators and white beam shutters ........................... 6 6.2 Integral primary bremsstrahlung stop with pink/monochromatic beam apertures ....... 7 6.3 Pink beam shutters/stops ............................................................................................ 8 6.4 Monochromatic beam shutters/stops .......................................................................... 8 7. GUIDELINES FOR SHIELDED ENCLOSURES .......................................................................... 9 7.1 White beam enclosures (or First Optical Enclosures) .................................................... 9 7.2 Monochromatic beam enclosures .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The TRIUMF Newsletter News from Canada’S National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics
    The TRIUMF Newsletter News from Canada’s National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics DIRECTOR’S NOTES TRIUMF MAGNETS INSTALLED AT LHC very year, TRIUMF has a three-month Eperiod where the accelerators and associated infrastructure undergo extensive maintenance and any planned upgrade. The shutdown period is normally the fi rst three months of the calendar year, but this year, since the regulatory license for the ISAC-II accelerator to send a radioactive beam to an experiment was received at the beginning of January, the shutdown period was delayed to the fourth week of January. This enabled a Shown are six of the 52 Canadian twin-aperture quadrupole magnets two-week running period for MAYA, the fi rst installed in one of the straight “collimation” ISAC-II experiment. The experiment involved sections of the Large Hadron Collider the production of 11Li by the 500 MeV proton tunnel at CERN. (Only one of the two beam beam and acceleration of the lithium beam through apertures is visible - at the bottom right.) These magnets were designed and built ISAC-I and ISAC-II accelerator complex before in a collaborative effort amongst CERN, injection into the MAYA apparatus, which had TRIUMF, and Alstom-Canada. been brought to TRIUMF from GANIL in time for this experiment. The ISAC-II accelerator worked Recent developments in the FIBIAD ion source, TRIUMF for the analysis of data, which will soon superbly during the experiment and exciting new and the relocation of the driver lasers for the laser stream from the LHC at CERN. I am pleased to data from the reaction 11Li(p,t) 9Li was obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • A New LLRF System for ASTRID and the Proposed ASTRID2
    Jørgen S. Nielsen Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA) Aarhus University Denmark ESLS XVIII (25-26/11 2010), Status of the ASTRID2 project 1 ` ASTRID2 is the new synchrotron light source presently being built in Aarhus, Denmark ` Dec 2008: Received 37 MDKr (5 M€) to ◦ Build a new SR light source ◦ Convert ASTRID into a booster ◦ Move existing beam lines x New 2 T Multi Pole Wiggler ` The project should be finished in 2013 ESLS XVIII (25-26/11 2010), Status of the ASTRID2 project 2 ` ASTRID2 main parameters ◦ Electron energy: 580 MeV ◦ Emittance: 12 nm ◦ Beam Current: 200 mA ◦ Circumference: 45.7 m ◦ 6-fold symmetry x lattice: DBA with 12 combined function dipole magnets x Integrated quadrupole gradient ◦ 4 straight sections for insertion devices ◦ Will use ASTRID as booster (full energy injection) x Allows top-up operation ESLS XVIII (25-26/11 2010), Status of the ASTRID2 project 3 ESLS XVIII (25-26/11 2010), Status of the ASTRID2 project 4 ASTRID2 parameters Combined function dipoles 6x2 solid sector Energy 580 MeV Nominal (max.) dipole field 1.1975 (1.25) T Circumference 45.704 m Bending radius 1.62 m Current 200 mA Nominal quadrupole field ‐3.219 T/m Nominal sextupole field ‐8.0 T/m2 Straight sections 4x2.7 m Quadrupoles 6x(2+2) Betatron tunes 5.185, 2.14 Magnetic length 0.132 m Coupling factor <10% Max. gradient 20 T/m Horizontal emittance 12 nm Sextupoles 6x(2+1) Natural chromaticity ‐6, ‐11 Magnetic length 0.170 m Dynamical aperture 25‐30 mm Max.
    [Show full text]
  • Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
    STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER Winter 1997, Vol. 27, No.4 A PERIODICAL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Fermilab Media Services Visual WINTER 1997 VOL. 27, NUMBER 4 FOREWORD 2 Burton Richter Editors RENE DONALDSON, BILL KIRK Contributing Editors FEATURES MICHAEL RIORDAN, GORDON FRASER JUDY JACKSON, PEDRO WALOSCHEK 4 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION: Editorial Advisory Board THE SINE QUA NON FOR THE FUTURE GEORGE BROWN, LANCE DIXON OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS JOEL PRIMACK, NATALIE ROE The DOE’s new Associate Director of High ROBERT SIEMANN, GEORGE TRILLING Energy and Nuclear Physics discusses the KARL VAN BIBBER promise and problems of international Illustrations scientific collaboration. TERRY ANDERSON S. Peter Rosen Distribution 12 RETROSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL CRYSTAL TILGHMAN COLLABORATION Four different perspectives on international collaboration in high energy physics are presented. Gordon Fraser The Beam Line is published quarterly by Hirotaka Sugawara the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, PO Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309. Alexander N. Skrinsky Telephone: (650) 926-2585 INTERNET: [email protected] Zhou Guang-Zhao FAX: (650) 926-4500 Issues of the Beam Line are accessible electronically on the World Wide Web at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/ 20 U.S. COLLABORATION pubs/beamline. SLAC is operated by Stanford University ON THE LHC PROJECT under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. The opinions of the authors do not necessarily reflect the A member of the U.S. collaboration, who has policy of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. been involved since its beginnings, discusses the history of the Large Hadron Collider and its importance to U.S. particle physics. George Trilling 27 THE ATLAS INNER DETECTOR The U.S.
    [Show full text]