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Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility

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Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility applied sciences Article Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility In Soo Ko *, Heung-Sik Kang, Hoon Heo, Changbum Kim, Gyujin Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Haeryong Yang, Soung Youl Baek, Hyo-Jin Choi, Geonyeong Mun, Byoung Ryul Park, Young Jin Suh, Dong Cheol Shin, Jinyul Hu, Juho Hong, Seonghoon Jung, Sang-Hee Kim, KwangHoon Kim, Donghyun Na, Soung Soo Park, Yong Jung Park, Young Gyu Jung, Seong Hun Jeong, Hong Gi Lee, Sangbong Lee, Sojeong Lee, Bonggi Oh, Hyung Suck Suh, Jang-Hui Han, Min Ho Kim, Nam-Suk Jung, Young-Chan Kim, Mong-Soo Lee, Bong-Ho Lee, Chi-Won Sung, Ik-Su Mok, Jung-Moo Yang, Yong Woon Parc, Woul-Woo Lee, Chae-Soon Lee, Hocheol Shin, Ji Hwa Kim, Yongsam Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sang-Youn Park, Jangwoo Kim, Jaeku Park, Intae Eom, Seungyu Rah, Sunam Kim, Ki Hyun Nam, Jaehyun Park, Jaehun Park, Sangsoo Kim, Soonnam Kwon, Ran An, Sang Han Park, Kyung Sook Kim, Hyojung Hyun, Seung Nam Kim, Seonghan Kim, Chung-Jong Yu, Bong-Soo Kim, Tai-Hee Kang, Kwang-Woo Kim, Seung-Hwan Kim, Hee-Seock Lee, Heung-Soo Lee, Ki-Hyeon Park, Tae-Yeong Koo, Dong-Eon Kim and Ki Bong Lee Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea; [email protected] (H.-S.K.); [email protected] (Hoo.H.); [email protected] (C.K.); [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (C.-K.M.); [email protected] (H.Y.); [email protected] (S.Y.B.); [email protected] (H.-J.C.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (B.R.P.); [email protected] (Y.J.S.); [email protected] (D.C.S.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (S.J.); [email protected] (S.-H.K.); [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (D.N.); [email protected] (S.S.P.); [email protected] (Y.J.P.); [email protected] (Y.G.J.); [email protected] (S.H.J.); [email protected] (H.G.L.); [email protected] (San.L.); [email protected] (Soj.L.); [email protected] (B.O.); [email protected] (H.S.S.); [email protected] (J.-H.H.); [email protected] (M.H.K.); [email protected] (N.-S.J.); [email protected] (Y.-C.K.); [email protected] (M.-S.L.); [email protected] (B.-H.L.); [email protected] (C.-W.S.); [email protected] (I.-S.M.); [email protected] (J.-M.Y.); [email protected] (Y.W.P.); [email protected] (W.-W.L.); [email protected] (C.-S.L.); [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (J.H.K.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (J.H.L.); [email protected] (S.-Y.P.); [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (Jaeku.P.); [email protected] (I.E.); [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (Sun.K.); [email protected] (K.H.N.); [email protected] (Jaehyun.P.); [email protected] (Jaehun.P.); [email protected] (San.K.); [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (S.H.P.); [email protected] (K.S.K.); [email protected] (Hyo.H.); [email protected] (S.N.K.); [email protected] (Seo.K.); [email protected] (C.-J.Y.); [email protected] (B.-S.K.); [email protected] (T.-H.K.); [email protected] (K.-W.K.); [email protected] (S.-H.K.); [email protected] (Hee.-S.L.); [email protected] (Heung.-S.L.); [email protected] (K.-H.P.); [email protected] (T.-Y.K.); [email protected] (D.-E.K.); [email protected] (K.B.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-54-279-1003 Academic Editor: Kiyoshi Ueda Received: 23 March 2017; Accepted: 26 April 2017; Published: 17 May 2017 Abstract: The construction of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL), a 0.1-nm hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facility based on a 10-GeV S-band linear accelerator (LINAC), is achieved in Pohang, Korea by the end of 2016. The construction of the 1.11 km-long building was completed by the end of 2014, and the installation of the 10-GeV LINAC and undulators started in January 2015. The installation of the 10-GeV LINAC, together with the undulators and beamlines, was completed by the end of 2015. The commissioning began in April 2016, and the Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 479; doi:10.3390/app7050479 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 479 2 of 11 first lasing of the hard X-ray FEL line was achieved on 14 June 2016. The progress of the PAL-XFEL construction and its commission are reported here. Keywords: FEL; free electron laser; PAL; PAL-XFEL; construction; commissioning; LINAC; beamline 1. Introduction The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) project was started Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 479 2 of 11 in 2011 for the generation of X-ray FEL radiation in a range of 0.1 to 10 nm for users. The Korean government launchedbeamlines, thewas completed project on by 1the April end of 2011 2015. The with commissioning a budget ofbegan 400 in billion April 2016, Won and (~400 the first million USD). lasing of the hard X‐ray FEL line was achieved on 14 June 2016. The progress of the PAL‐XFEL The facility hasconstruction the capacity and its for commission five undulator are reported lines here. in total; three hard X-ray (HX) undulator lines and two soft X-ray (SX) undulator lines. However, the budget was limited to two undulator lines; one for Keywords: FEL; free electron laser; PAL; PAL‐XFEL; construction; commissioning; LINAC; beamline a hard, and the other for a soft X-ray line. Since the PAL is the host institution carrying out the project, the project budget was able to avoid significant costs; for example, there was no need to purchase the land for the building site and a significant portion of the necessary infrastructures, such as power 1. Introduction transmission lines and substations, were already in place. A total of 75 members were involved during The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser (PAL‐XFEL) project was started the project. Amongin 2011 for them, the generation there wereof X‐ray 35 FEL newly radiation hired in a range members of 0.1 to and 10 nm 39 for experienced users. The Korean members from an existing Pohanggovernment Light launched Source-II the project (PLS-II) on 1 April team. 2011 with A yearly a budget budget of 400 billion is shown Won (~400 in million Table USD).1. The facility has the capacity for five undulator lines in total; three hard X‐ray (HX) undulator lines and two soft X‐ray (SX) undulatorTable 1. lines.Budget However, of PAL-XFEL the budget Project.was limited to two undulator lines; one for a hard, and the other for a soft X‐ray line. Since the PAL is the host institution carrying out the project, the project budget was able to avoid significant costs; for example, there was no need to purchase the land for theYear building site and 2011 a significant 2012 portion 2013 of 2014 the necessary 2015 infrastructures, Total such as power transmissionBudget in billionlines and Won substations, 20 were 45 already 105 in place. 120 A 113.8 total of 403.8 75 members were involved during the project. Among them, there were 35 newly hired members and 39 experienced members from an existing Pohang Light Source‐II (PLS‐II) team. A yearly budget is shown in Table 1. PAL-XFEL includes a 10-GeV S-bandTable 1. (2856Budget of MHz) PAL‐XFEL normal-conducting Project. LINAC, which is about 700 m long. The LINAC consists of a photocathode RF gun, 176 S-band accelerating structures with Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total 50 klystrons and matchingBudget modulators, in billion Won one20 X-band 45 RF105 system120 113.8 for403.8 linearization, and three bunch compressors in the HX line and one more for the SX line [1]. We also chose out-vacuum/variable-gap PAL‐XFEL includes a 10‐GeV S‐band (2856 MHz) normal‐conducting LINAC, which is about undulators for700 the m long. easy The change LINAC consists of beam of a photocathode parameters, RF andgun, 176 the S‐ fastband developmentaccelerating structures and with manufacturing of undulators.50 klystrons Beyond and thematching 10-GeV modulators, LINAC, one X‐ aband 250-m RF system long for hard linearization, X-ray and undulator three bunch hall follows. An experimentalcompressors hall, which in the HX is line 60 and m long one more and for 16 the m SX wide, line [1]. is We located also chose at out the‐vacuum/variable end of the facility.‐gap The total undulators for the easy change of beam parameters, and the fast development and manufacturing of 2 length of theundulators. building Beyond is 1110 the m,10‐GeV and LINAC, the entire a 250‐m floor long ishard 36,764 X‐ray mundulator. The hall building follows. An can withstand a maximum windexperimental load ofhall, 63 which m/s is (US60 m buildinglong and 16 code) m wide, and is located a seismic at the end intensity of the facility.
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