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Taxonomic Revision of the Oligocene Percoid Fish Oligoserranoides Budensis (Heckel, 1856), from the Paratethys and Paleobiogeographic Comments

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Taxonomic Revision of the Oligocene Percoid Fish Oligoserranoides Budensis (Heckel, 1856), from the Paratethys and Paleobiogeographic Comments Geologica Acta, Vol.16 Nº 1, March 2018, 75-92 DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2018.16.1.5 M. Bieńkowska-Wasiluk and M. Pałdyna, 2018 CC BY-SA Taxonomic revision of the Oligocene percoid fish Oligoserranoides budensis (HECKEL, 1856), from the Paratethys and paleobiogeographic comments 1 2 M. BIEŃKOWSKA-WASILUK AND M. PAŁDYNA 1Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] 2Geoscience Friends Association ‘Phacops’ Grajewska 13/40, PL-03-766 Warszawa, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] ABS TRACT Small perch-like fishes from the Oligocene of the Paratethys have been traditionally assigned toSerranus budensis (HECKEL, 1856). A morphological revision of the holotype and specimens previously assigned to S. budensis from the Outer Carpathians, Poland, is provided herein. They are re-assigned to the species Oligoserranoides budensis (HECKEL, 1856) — Percoidei incertae sedis. New specimens assigned to Ol. budensis from the Outer Carpathians, Poland, are introduced. Our results reveal that Ol. budensis is very similar to the species Caucasoserranoides morozkiensis, Carpathoserranoides brnoensis, Carpathoserranoides polonicus, and Oligoserranoides comparabilis, and further studies are necessary to revise the validity of those species. Ol. budensis shares many characters with genera Lutjanus and Ocyurus of the superfamily Lutjanoidea. Ol. budensis differs from Lutjanoidea in having a toothless palatine. The palaeobiogeography of Oligocene small perch-like fishes in the Paratethys is presented and discussed. KEYWORDS Teleostei. Perciformes. Taxonomy. Morphology. Outer Carpathians. INTRODUCTION However, Micklich (1998) indicated that this assignment was incorrect because of the absence of three spines on Small perch-like fishes, common in the Oligocene of the opercle of S. budensis, a diagnostic character of the Outer Carpathians, have been traditionally assigned the Serranidae (Johnson, 1983). Prokofiev (2009) and to the perciform species Serranus budensis (HECKEL, Bannikov (2010) assigned S. budensis (referred in their 1856) (see Paucă, 1933; Jonet, 1958; Jerzmańska, 1968; papers to as Oligoserranoides budensis and Oliganodon Kotlarczyk et al., 2006). This species has also been budensis, respectively) to Percoidei incertae sedis due reported in the Oligocene of the Caucasus and the Upper to the lack of diagnostic characters of any fossil or extant Rhine Graben (Danil’chenko, 1960; Pharisat, 1991; percoid family, and noting the morphological differences Micklich, 1998; Pharisat and Micklich, 1998; Prokofiev, and similarities to some fossil and extant taxa. Prokofiev 2009; Bannikov, 2010). Recently, Prokofiev (2009) (2009) indicated the resemblance of Oligoserranoides selected S. budensis as the type species of his new genus to Symphysanodon (family Symphysanodontidae) and Oligoserranoides. While, Bannikov (2010) placed S. compared characters as the length of the snout, presence budensis in his new genus Oliganodon. The species S. of scales on the head, presence of the postmaxillary budensis was formerly assigned to the family Serranidae process, number of rays of the anal and the dorsal fin, by Danil’chenko (1960) and Jerzmańska (1968). number of vertebrae, predorsal formula and the number 75 M . B i e ń kowska-Wasiluk and M. Pa ł d y n a The Oligocene fish Oligoserranoides budensis from the Paratethys of epuralia. Bannikov (2010) noted the resemblance of Bannikov (2006), and Jimtylerius temnopterus (AGASSIZ, Oliganodon to Symphysanodon and listed differences 1836) was classified as Percoidei incertae sedis by as the number of rays of the dorsal fin and the number Bannikov and Carnevale (2007). of abdominal vertebrae. In addition, Bannikov (2010) compared Oliganodon to the genera Pinjalo, The aims of this contribution are i) re-study the Parapristipomoides, Aphareus (family Lutjanidae) holotype (Fig. 1A) and fish material from the Outer and Hemilutjanus (family Serranidae, after Eschmeyer Carpathians of Poland previously referred to as Serranus et al., 2017). From the Oligocene of the Caucasus, budensis, ii) study the newly collected specimens of Danil’chenko (1960) described Serranus comparabilis, small perch-like fishes (Figs. 1B and 2), iii) redescribe latterly, Prokofiev (2009) assigned this species to his Oligoserranoides budensis, iv) compare Ol. budensis new genus Oligoserranoides, whereas Bannikov (2010) with some Palaeogene and living fishes, and v) study assigned it to his new genus Oliganodon. Under the the palaeobiogeographic distribution of Ol. budensis and principle of priority of the International Commission some others Oligocene percoid fishes in the Paratethys. on Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN, (1999), the name Oligoserranoides, introduced by Prokofiev (2009), is used herein for the species budensis and comparabilis. MatERIAL AND METHODS The large and diverse suborder Percoidei has been The holotype of Oligoserranoides budensis is housed inadequately defined and serves as a repository for in the Naturhistorishes Museum, Wien. The specimens representatives of the order Perciformes that cannot be previously referred to as Serranus budensis are from placed under any other suborder (e.g. Johnson, 1984). Prof. A. Jerzmańska’s collection (University of Wrocław) Percoids are diagnosed by a number of plesiomorphic from the Rogi and Winnica localities, and from collection characters. The fossil record of the Percoidei is scarce of University of Warsaw from Rudawka Rymanowska in comparison to their recent high diversity. The earliest locality. These localities are in the Outer Carpathians, percoid species based on articulated skeletons is from Poland. The new material (housed at the University the Cretaceous of India and is classified as Percoidei of Warsaw) comprises specimens collected by us and incertae sedis (Arratia et al., 2004). In contrast, the our collaborators in 1995–2015 in the Babice-Połanki, Cenozoic record includes many families defined from Dobra Góra, Futoma, Jamna Dolna, Jasienica Rosielna, articulated skeletons (see e.g. Blot, 1980; Patterson, Rudawka Rymanowska, and Winnica localities, in the 1993; Kotlarczyk et al., 2006; Bannikov, 2010; Carnevale Outer Carpathians, Poland. et al., 2014). The Cenozoic record includes many genera assigned to Percoidei incertae sedis due to the lack of Specimens from the Outer Carpathians (deposited in diagnostic characters of any fossil or extant family (e.g. the University of Wrocław and University of Warsaw) Bannikov, 2010; Carnevale et al., 2014), i.e. families are are from the Menilite Formation (Fm.) (Kotlarczyk, defined by many diagnostic characters, most of which et al., 2006) of the Silesian and Skole units, southern are of soft anatomy, thus, not possible to recognize in Poland. fossil specimens and it is not possible to assign such specimens to any family. In the Rogi (RO1 in Kotlarczyk et al., 2006) and Winnica (W in Kotlarczyk et al., 2006) localities (near Within the Oligocene record of the Percoidei Krosno town), the specimens were derived from the upper incertae sedis, a few species share many similarities part of the Menilite Fm. of the Silesian Unit, ichthyofaunal with Ol. budensis. For instance, Caucasoserranoides zone IPM2 (Jerzmańska, 1968; Kotlarczyk et al., 2006, morozkiensis PROKOFIEV, 2009, Oligoserranoides pg.: 66, Table 26). comparabilis (DANIL’CHENKO, 1960) and Pirsagatia sytchevskayae PROKOFIEV, 2002. These species have In the Jasienica Rosielna locality (Wasiluk, 2013) near been recorded from the Caucasus (Prokofiev, 2002; Krosno town, the specimens were recovered in the upper 2009). Carpathoserranoides brnoensis PROKOFIEV, 2009 part of the Menilite Fm. of the Silesian Unit, ichthyofaunal and Carpathoserranoides polonicus PROKOFIEV, 2009, zone IPM2. known from the Outer Carpathians, are also similar to Ol. budensis. Some percoid fishes from the Eocene of Monte In the Rudawka Rymanowska locality in area of Bolca (Italy) share many similarities with Ol. budensis. Sanok town (Bieńkowska, 2004; RR in Kotlarczyk et al., Goujetia crassispina (AGASSIZ, 1839), Ottaviania mariae 2006; Bieńkowska-Wasiluk, 2010), in the Silesian Unit, (SORBINI, 1983), Ott. leptacanthus (AGASSIZ, 1839) and the specimens were from three exposures (RU 01, RU 02, Veranichthys ventralis (AGASSIZ, 1839) were assigned and RU 03, see Bieńkowska, 2004, Fig. 1) of the Tylawa to the Lutjanidae by Bannikov and Zorzin (2004) and Limestones and the adjacent shales, ichthyofaunal zone Geologica Acta, 16(1), 75-92 (2018) 76 DOI: 10.1344/GeologicaActa2018.16.1.5 M . B i e ń kowska-Wasiluk and M. Pa ł d y n a The Oligocene fish Oligoserranoides budensis from the Paratethys IPM2. Specimens were derived from the middle layers (1968), ichthyofaunal zone IPM2 (Kotlarczyk et al., 2006, of the Tylawa Limestones (see Ciurej and Haczewski, pg.: 66, table 26) above ichthyofaunal subzone IPM2-T. 2012; their samples of limestones RR 9/06, RR6A-C/06, SUB. (Trachinus event). Fig. 4). The Dobra Góra locality (DG in Kotlarczyk et al., The Jamna Dolna locality, near the city of Przemyśl 2006), near Sanok town and Babice-Połanki, (BP1 in (Jerzmańska, 1968; Jerzmańska and Kotlarczyk, 1968; JAC Kotlarczyk et al., 2006) near Przemyśl city represents and JDG in Kotlarczyk et al., 2006) is in the Skole Unit. the Rudawka Tractionite Member of the Skole Unit, Specimens come from the Rudawka Tractionite Member, ichthyofaunal zone IPM2 (Kotlarczyk et al., 2006, pg.: lithological unit F-G (Fig. 2) of Jerzmańska and Kotlarczyk 66, table 26). A 5mm B 5mm
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