Remembering the West End: Social Science, Mental Health and the American Urban Environment, 1939–1968
Urban History, Page 1 of 22 © Cambridge University Press 2017. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0963926817000025 Remembering the West End: social science, mental health and the American urban environment, 1939–1968 EDMUND RAMSDEN and MATTHEW SMITH∗ School of History, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK Centre for the Social History of Health and Healthcare, University of Strathlcyde, Level 4, Lord Hope, 141 St James Road, Glasgow G4 0LT, UK abstract: Analysing the urban renewal of Boston’s West End during the 1950s, we examine how psychiatrists, social scientists and urban planners understood the relationship between the urban environment and mental health. For psychiatrist Erich Lindemann, the West End offered a unique opportunity to study how acute stress and loss affected populations, thus contributing to social psychiatry, which sought to prevent mental illness by addressing factors in the social and physical environment. While Lindemann’s project provided a sophisticated response to the often simplistic arguments about the cities and mental health, it also highlighted the challenges of applying social psychiatric theory in practice. Introduction In 1958, the Boston Redevelopment Authority began its demolition of a 48-acre portion of Boston’s West End, displacing 2,700 lower-working- class families. For Erich Lindemann, chief of psychiatry at the nearby Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), this urban renewal programme offered a unique opportunity.
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