DOCSLIB.ORG

Longue Vie Au Street Art! Un Art Face À Sa Condition Éphémère

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Longue Vie Au Street Art! Un Art Face À Sa Condition Éphémère Longue vie au street art ! Un art face à sa condition éphémère Julien Giordano To cite this version: Julien Giordano. Longue vie au street art ! Un art face à sa condition éphémère. Art et histoire de l’art. 2018. dumas-02169665 HAL Id: dumas-02169665 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02169665 Submitted on 1 Jul 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License LONGUE VIE AU STREET ART! UN ART FACE SA CONDITION ÉPHÉMERE Mémoire de Master soutenu et rédigé par: GIORDANO Julien Master 2 professionnalisant d'Histoire de l'art Sciences Humaines et sociales 2017-2018 Sous la direction de Madame Goujard Lucie Université Grenoble Alpes UFR ARSH - Arts et Sciences Humaines Crédit photographique Auriane Poillet, VdG, 2016. Fresque de l'artiste Ernest Pignon-Ernest, père du street art en France, réalisée à Grenoble dans les années 1979 restaurée lors du festival street art de Grenoble en 2016, grâce au principe du crowdfunding ou dons volontaires. Remerciements Pour ce mémoire je tiens tout d'abord à remercier vivement ma directrice de mémoire, Madame Lucie Goujard. Merci pour l'aide apportée m'ayant permis de trouver un stage à la Ville de Grenoble lorsque cela semblait compliqué et merci également pour votre aide dans la construction de ma recherche et l'élaboration de ma problématique sans quoi ce travail n'aurait pu aboutir. Merci également à Madame Paula Barreiro Lopez, enseignante et chercheuse en Histoire de l'art, pour sa participation au jury de soutenance et l'intérêt porté aux thématiques abordées dans ce mémoire. Mon stage à la Ville de Grenoble au Service Développement Culturel et Artistique au sein de la Direction des Affaires Culturelles a été, pour moi, une expérience très enrichissante et motivante. Merci à mon tuteur Jean-Christophe Bernard, chargé du secteur Arts plastiques, cinéma, livre et patrimoine, à Evelyne, à Elsa, ainsi qu'à Alizée et Quentin pour ces précieux conseils et ces idées que j'ai pu développer dans ce mémoire. Merci à vous tous! Mes remerciements vont également aux différents intervenants qui ont bien voulu répondre à mes questions et qui m'ont permis d'enrichir ma réflexion par leurs témoignages. Merci à toute l'équipe Spacejunk dont Jérome Catz et Julien Nicolas, mais également aux artistes Laurent Bagnard et SNEK. Je tiens à remercier Jean-Gabriel Guyant de la Ville de Rouen, Christelle Henry de la Ville de Besançon, Christine Espinasse de la Ville de Sète, Clémence Cros de la Ville de Bordeaux et Caroline Delaloy de la Ville de Toulouse pour ces échanges lors de nos entretiens. Merci également à Orbiane Wolff de l'association Superposition de Lyon pour le temps accordé. Je n'oublie pas mes collègues étudiants qui depuis deux ans font le même parcours et qui m'apportent leur soutien et leur aide, nous avons beaucoup à partager, merci. Par ailleurs, une mention particulière va aux professeurs que nous avons pu côtoyer et qui ont pu contribuer à notre réussite. Je tiens à mentionner ma famille et mes amis, pour leur soutien et leur patience tout au long de l'année, sans qui tout cela ne serait pas possible. Sans vous oublier, Mélina Zilliox et Antonino Giordano, merci pour ce que vous avez pu faire pour moi, pour vos conseils, vos corrections, vos indications sans lesquelles je n'aurais pas pu mener à bien ces recherches pendant ces deux années de Master. 2 | P a g e Sommaire LONGUE VIE AU STREET ART! UN ART FACE SA CONDITION ÉPHÉMERE ................... 1 Remerciements ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Sommaire ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Méthodologie et présentation .................................................................................................................. 5 Avant-propos ........................................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 11 Développement ...................................................................................................................................... 16 PREMIÈRE PARTIE: ILLÉGALITÉ, VANDALISME ET SUCCÈS: LE STREET ART DANS TOUS SES ÉTATS..................................................................... 16 I- LE SPECTRE DU GRAFFITI DIT « VANDALE» ET LES AMBIGUÏTÉS CONTEMPORAINES ................................................................................................................. 18 I-a Un art souvent illégal condamné par la loi .................................................................................. 18 I-b Faire du street art, oui, mais sous condition ................................................................................ 21 I-b-1 Le soutien des collectivités en faveur du street art ............................................................... 22 I-b-2 Les contrats d'autorisation pour la réalisation de fresques .................................................. 23 II- LE STREET ART VICTIME DE SON SUCCÈS ..................................................... 25 II-a Le caractère éphémère du street art ............................................................................................ 25 II-b Le vol des œuvres de street art, le marché de l'art et la réappropriation de l'art urbain .............. 29 DEUXIEME PARTIE: UN ART POUR TOUS? A QUI APPARTIENT RÉELLEMENT LE STREET ART? ............................................................................... 32 I- L'ENCADREMENT JURIDIQUE PROGRESSIF DU STREET ART ............... 33 I-a Le cadre juridique de l'art de la rue .............................................................................................. 34 I-b Création ou transgression, un acte protégeable ? ......................................................................... 36 II- LA QUESTION DU DROIT D'AUTEUR ET DU DROIT MORAL EN FRANCE ET AILLEURS........................................................................................................... 38 I- Les questions autour du droit d'auteur en France .......................................................................... 39 I-a-1 Le droit moral et le street art ................................................................................................. 40 II- b Le droit à l'international ............................................................................................................ 42 II-2-a Aux Etats-Unis, le VARA ................................................................................................... 43 II-b-2 En Italie, la notion de bien commun ................................................................................... 46 3 | P a g e TROISIEME PARTIE: LA PRÉSERVATION ET LA CONSERVATION DU STREET ART COMME UN PATRIMOINE ..................................................... 48 I- COMMENT CONSERVER UN ART AUSSI FRAGILE ? .................................. 50 I-a La protection des œuvres in-situ et les questions de la restauration ............................................ 50 I-a-1 Les projets de conservation du street art ............................................................................... 50 I-a-2 La préservation des œuvres de street art par la protection et la restauration ....................... 52 I-b Photographie, archivage, collections et expositions ou pérennisation du street art ..................... 56 II- LES NOUVELLES TENDANCES OU LA TRANSFORMATION DU STREET ART ............................................................................................................................. 59 I-a La prise de conscience, le green-graffiti ou graffiti-biodégradable ............................................. 60 II-b L'opportunité du numérique ....................................................................................................... 62 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 64 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................ 67 RETRANSCRIPTIONS D'ENTRETIENS ....................................................................................... 67 RETRANSCRIPTION ENTRETIENS TÉLÉPHONIQUES SOUS FORME DE NOTES .............. 79 TABLEAU COMPARATIF DES FESTIVALS MAJEURS EN FRANCE ..................................... 90 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ET SITOGRAPHIE ........................................................................................... 95 ABSTRACT WORK ............................................................................................................................. 99 RESUMÉ ..............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biblioteksentralen Som Utviklingsaktør På Toten Med Lærer- Bakgrunn Og
    Bibliotekaren Tidsskrift for Bibliotekarforbundet Biblioteksentralen som utviklingsaktør på Toten Oppgjørenes time Med lærer- bakgrunn og bibliotekar framtid BFs økonomi under Skadd på jobb god kontroll - hva gjør jeg? 8 2004 Innhold: Bibliotekaren ISSN 0804-4147 Lederen har ordet side 3 ISSN 1503-836X (online) Forbundsstyrets junimøte side 4 Bibliotekaren er Bibliotekarforbundets BF mot forskriftsendring nå side 7 tidsskrift og utkommer hver måned. Ansvarlig redaktør Oppgjørenes timer Erling Bergan - Det er to bibliotekarer i Norge som sitter midt i begivenhetenes sentrum når det gjelder både sentrale forhandlinger og megling. Det er oss to fra Bibliotekaforbundet - rådgiver Thor Bjarne Stadshaug og meg. Vi sitter der 8 Redaksjonens adresse det skjer og har innpass i det som foregår, sier forbundsleder Monica Deil- Runnen 4, 6800 FØRDE dok i dette intervjuet etter at årets sentrale tariffoppgjør er unnagjort Tlf.: 57 82 07 65 Mobil: 91 31 80 01 Faks: 85 03 16 64 Lokale forhandlinger i KS-sektoren side 11 Epost: [email protected] Med lærerbakgrunn og bibliotekarframtid Stoff Etter 22 år som lærer i grunnskolen gjorde Anne Elisabeth Waage opp Vi mottar stoff i alle former. Tekster status: Hun fant ikke mange lærerkollegaer som var over 50. Skolehver- foretrekker vi som fi ler i RiktTekstFor- dagen ble simpelthen for stri i lengden. Anne Elisabeth valgte å skifte 12 mat (rtf). Usignerte artikler står for fil. Hun studerer nå bibliotekfag i Bergen. redaktørens regning. Fornøyd i staten? side 15 Abonnement Kr. 290,- pr. år betales til BFs girokonto Bibliotekvaktens søketips: 6039.05.64093. Merk innbetalingen Detektor – et katalogisert utgangspunkt side 16 «Abonnement». Alle henvendelser om abonnement rettes til BFs sekretariat i Lakkegata 21, 0187 Oslo, tlf.
    [Show full text]
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certification for Approving
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certification for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Stephen Hess Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ____________________________________ Director (Dr. Venelin Ganev) ____________________________________ Reader (Dr. Gulnaz Sharafutdinova) ____________________________________ Reader (Dr. Adeed Dawisha) ____________________________________ Graduate School Representative (Dr. Stanley Toops) ABSTRACT AUTHORITARIAN LANDSCAPES: STATE DECENTRALIZATION, POPULAR MOBILIZATION, AND THE INSTITUTIONAL SOURCES OF RESILIENCE IN NONDEMOCRACIES by Stephen Hess Beginning with the insight that highly-centralized state structures have historically provided a unifying target and fulcrum for the mobilization of contentious nationwide social movements, this dissertation investigates the hypothesis that decentralized state structures in authoritarian regimes impede the development of forms of popular contention sustained and coordinated on a national scale. As defined in this work, in a decentralized state, local officials assume greater discretionary control over public expenditures, authority over the implementation of government policies, and latitude in managing outbreaks of social unrest within their jurisdictions. As a result, they become the direct targets of most protests aimed at the state and the primary mediators of actions directed at third-party, non-state actors. A decentralized state therefore presents not one but a multitude of loci for protests, diminishing claimants‘ ability to use the central state as a unifying target and fulcrum for organizing national contentious movements. For this reason, decentralized autocracies are expected to face more fragmented popular oppositions and exhibit higher levels of durability than their more centralized counterparts. To examine this claim, I conduct four comparative case studies, organized into pairs of autocracies that share a common regime type but vary in terms of state decentralization.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacob Austin Matthew Bowers Rebecca Cawkwell Sanford Miller
    Coral Jacob Austin Matthew Bowers Rebecca Cawkwell Sanford Miller * please note that this presentation theme is also called Coral The Coral Team* Rebecca Cawkwell Matthew Bowers Sanford Miller Jacob Austin Manager & Codegen Language Guru Semant Architect Tester Architect Loves Coral Snakes are nice Passionately I lik snek Snakes hates snakes *with guidance by Lauren Arnett Our Inspiration ● Coral to Python as TypeScript to Javascript ● Type Safety: optional static typing enforced at compile and runtime. ● Optimization: use type-inference to generate code as fast as C. Source: Pintrest What is ● Dynamically typed programming language ● Cross compatible with Python ● Optional static typing enforced by the compiler and runtime environment ● Type inference and optimization based on static typing ● Types: int, char, float, boolean, strings, lists ● First class functions ● No classes (no time) ● Compile and runtime exceptions Implementation Architectural Design Code source.cl Scanner Parser Semant coral.native Generation LLC executable Coral v Python ● Coral is a smaller version of Python with extended support for typing. PYTHON ● Coral uses the same syntax as Python, allowing for cross compatibility ● The difference between Coral and Python is our optimization and CORAL Haskell safety OCaml The Speed of C The Safety of C Comparison to Python Wall-time on simple programs allows comparison between Coral and Python. For a program like this: performance is about 40 times faster (.4 seconds to 23.4 seconds wall time). Key Features Syntax & Grammar ● Coral strictly follows the current Python 3.7 syntax, and any valid Coral program can also be run and compiled by an up-to-date Python 3.7 interpreter.
    [Show full text]
  • Picolibc a C Library for Smaller Systems
    picolibc A C Library for Smaller Systems Keith Packard -9 Senior Principal Technologist Amazon [email protected] c Hello !y name is Keith Packard" # $ork in the De&ice 'S gro(p at Amazon as a Senior Principal )ngineer. Today" #*m going to talk abo(t picolibc" a C library designed for embedded +,- and ./- bit microcontrollers. picolibc ● 0hy start another C library pro1ect2 ● How picolibc $as de&eloped? ● 0hat are the results2 ● 0ho is using picolibc2 ● 0here is picolibc going in the future2 #n this presentation" #*ll describe $hat # see as the re3(irements for an embedded C library" the pieces from $hich picolibc $as b(ilt" ho$ de&elopment progressed" res(lts of that de&elopment along $ith se&eral pro1ects that ha&e picolibc s(pport integrated into them. Finally" #*ll brie5y to(ch on f(t(re $ork that # hope to see done in picolibc. Small System Considerations ● Small !emory 6think k7" not 879 – RA! is more constrained than :'! – A&oid using the heap ● Limited 5oating point – !ay have only +,-bit 5oats – !ay have none at all ● 8etting started is hard Small systems are small. They can be really small. The embedded hard$are # 5y (ses systems $ith +,k7 to ;,<k7 or :'! and /k7 to +,k7 of :A!. They often (se lo$-performance +,-bit cores" some have a +,-bit 4P=" b(t many ha&e no 4PU at all. De&elopers $riting long-r(nning embedded soft$are often $ant to a&oid depending on dynamic allocation as it*s easist to pro&e malloc $ill ne&er fail if malloc is not linked into the application.
    [Show full text]
  • Uplynx at Command GUI and Easyat Users Manual
    ESMT 晶 豪 科 技 股 份 有 限 公 司 UG-UPLYNX-001 Version 1.0 Uplynx AT Command GUI and EasyAT Users Manual Module : BSM8001-01/ BSM8001-02 Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 1 ESMT 晶 豪 科 技 股 份 有 限 公 司 UG-UPLYNX-001 Version 1.0 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER Copyright © 2018 Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc. (ESMT) All rights reserved. This document is the property of ESMT. It contains information which is confidential and proprietary to ESMT. No part of this document may be copied, reproduced or disclosed to third parties without the prior written consent of ESMT. Disclaimer This document contains confidential information and is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Non-Disclosure Agreement between the Recipient Entity and ESMT, Inc. (“ESMT”) The information in this document is believed to be accurate in all respects at the time of publication but is subject to change without notice. ESMT assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions, and disclaims responsibility for any consequences resulting from the use of information included herein. Additionally, ESMT assumes no responsibility for the functioning of un-described features or parameters. ESMT reserves the right to make changes without further notice. ESMT makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ESMT assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. ESMT products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use in applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the ESMT product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Mimkxm^'I>- I BT W
    miMkxm^'i>- I BT W. T. CaAFUlilJV. W.E«lJ(B8BrB€l, nr^ FBIBAT HOBIUNS, OCTOBEK ST, i8»». ^ TOI^i-BIB. i, tlisee are youre! ” end the fearfoi raUlng of ■oe^a wall of lKr“THE FLEM1NG3BURO R£N- the bonee, or wfaif^ be took to bo so. aeon . for therein consisis on. half —wnicb removes ewntedktimi ead „ 7,Sr. tenor ie found comTwacd of of the true philosophy of life. Reform thy- ^ ■miim inpga in raifnl onoffiaorn TUGiaAN" will bepubUslied weeklyooeo cwifloeed bin Ihit he was oot dreamW.__ •troys orror. Great Ged! what q flood of ' a efbeds, andof self ineonlinenlly— take that useless and in­ U»ttr; Inaonm rf u»pnl. nntion»rilll Imperial fheet, at two ooLLAia per ennam Taking to hU tegs he made tbe beet of Lis and extent u iheee de­ rapture may at wiee bnrqtupoD toe depart. active bonk note from thy wallet. Us edges M, M m of Ih. Ilna^n Wall ImnJ if paid witbin tbe Snt three atontba, two way to ParMO Deiderook, and thundered in posited at t% prouBt day. Thne coadn- torn and ibt easbier's name emshierod, aod if Tt..ock«ta*lwigh,„„„rih. Vjrrr if paid efter iho eaptrukn of throe bis ear to get np and prepare for tbe last day mvHy demnoatratingthat at the towering oak thou bakt any regard for thy standing, divide celesiml regieo—tbe pure existence ed h>oiit!is aod witkte tlwyear, or Tsaaa ooi,- waa at hand! It was some time before the hu grown up by the eddUmn ofyetriyeo- It between the printer and tho pataqo.
    [Show full text]
  • Snek Language Reference
    The Snek Programming Language A Python-inspired Embedded Computing Language Keith Packard Version v1.3, 2019-12-15 Table of Contents License . 1 Acknowledgments . 2 1. History and Motivations . 3 1.1. Arduino in the Lego Program . 3 1.2. A New Language. 4 1.3. Introducing Snek . 5 2. A Gentle Snek Tutorial . 7 2.1. Hello World . 7 2.2. Variables . 8 2.3. Functions . 9 2.4. Simple Arithmetic. 10 2.5. Loops, Ranges and Printing Two Values . 11 2.6. Lists and Tuples . 12 2.7. Dictionaries. 14 2.8. While . 15 2.9. If . 16 2.10. Controlling GPIOs . 17 Snek Reference Manual . 21 3. Lexical Structure . 23 3.1. Numbers. 23 3.2. Names. 23 3.3. Keywords . 24 3.4. Punctuation . 24 3.5. White Space (Spaces and Newlines) . 24 3.6. String Constants . 25 3.7. List and Tuple Constants . 26 3.8. Dictionary Constants . 26 4. Data Types . 29 4.1. Lists and Tuples . 30 5. Operators . 31 5.1. Slices . 33 5.2. String Interpolation. 34 6. Expression and Assignment Statements . 37 7. Control Flow . 39 7.1. if. 39 7.2. while . 39 7.3. for . 40 7.4. return value . 41 7.5. break . 42 7.6. continue. 43 7.7. pass . 43 8. Other Statements . 45 8.1. import name . 45 8.2. global name [ , name … ] . 45 8.3. del location. 45 8.4. assert value. 46 9. Functions . 47 9.1. def . 47 10. Standard Built-in Functions . 49 10.1. len(value) . 49 10.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tensorflow Eager: a Multi-Stage, Python-Embedded DSL for Machine Learning
    TensorFlow Eager: a multi-stage, Python-embedded DSL for machine learning Akshay Agrawal, Akshay Naresh Modi, Alexandre Passos, Allen Lavoie, Ashish Agarwal, Asim Shankar, Igor Ganichev, Josh Levenberg, Mingsheng Hong, Rajat Monga, Shanqing Cai* * ordered alphabetically Hi — my name is Akshay Agrawal. I was at Google Brain from 2017 to 2018, and I'm now a PhD student here at Stanford, in mathematical optimization. I'm going to talk about TensorFlow Eager. TensorFlow Eager is a part of TensorFlow that makes it possible to mix imperative and declarative programming. This is joint work with many people. Differentiable programming From DNNs to differentiable programs !2 The emphasis in machine learning research has shifted from building static DNNs to differentiating through complicated programs. These complicted programs might have data-dependent control flow, use complicated data structures, and so on. Embedded DSLs Libraries for differentiable programming ~ domain-specific languages (DSLs) !3 Because of this shift, libraries for machine learning are becoming more and more complicated. To the point that an argument has been made they are beginning to resemble domain- specific languages. Embedded DSLs Libraries for differentiable programming ~ domain-specific languages (DSLs) Modern 'DSLs' embedded in host languages Python (Chainer, Torch, Theano, TensorFlow), Julia (Flux), Swift (Swift for TensorFlow) !4 These so-called “DSLs" are "embedded" in host languages. The language is usually, but not always, embedded in Python. Embedded DSLs Libraries for differentiable programming ~ domain-specific languages (DSLs) Modern 'DSLs' embedded in host languages Python (Chainer, Torch, Theano, TensorFlow), Julia (Flux), Swift (Swift for TensorFlow) Most are either imperative or declarative, in the programming languages sense Some exceptions: MXNet, JAX, PyTorch 1.0 !5 Most of these libraries offer one of two different programming styles.
    [Show full text]
  • Snek: Overloading Python Semantics Via Virtualization
    1 Snek: Overloading Python Semantics via Virtualization JAMES M. DECKER1;2, DAN MOLDOVAN2, ANDREW A. JOHNSON2, GUANNAN WEI1, VRITANT BHARDWAJ1, GREGORY ESSERTEL1, FEI WANG1, ALEXANDER B. WILTSCHKO2, TIARK ROMPF 1 (1PURDUE UNIVERSITY, 2GOOGLE BRAIN) The Python language enjoys widespread adoption in a wide variety of domains spanning machine learning, scientific and high performance computing, and beyond. While implemented as libraries in Python, many Python frameworks aspire to be a domain-specific language (DSL), and often aim to bypass the Python interpreter. However, because Python’s inherent ability to overload built-in structures such as declarations, conditionals, or loops is limited, these frameworks are often constrained to a suboptimal, API-centric inter- face that replicates these built-ins with framework-specific semantics. Such an approach ultimately yields productivity losses for programmers, especially when switching between or mixing frameworks, as users must memorize an ever-expanding list of method calls for performing even simple tasks such as constructing control flow. Furthermore, API designers are forced to create new, substituting abstractions for traditional programming constructs, forcing a steep learning curve for users. In this paper, we propose a structured methodology to allow DSL developers to use the whole of Python as a front-end, rather than creating equivalent APIs or relying on shims. Our methodology provides an extensive operator overloading and virtualization mechanism through the use of source code transformations, and enables powerful mechanisms like type-based multi-stage programming (which is popular in statically typed languages), without requiring explicit type information (e.g., via type annotations). We implement this methodology in a system called Snek, which represents the first type-driven multi-stage programming framework for a dynamic language which does not require extra-linguistic mechanisms, and demonstrate the ability to quickly and easily provide new semantics for Python constructs.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Syllable Structure of English Pidgins and Creoles
    ON THE SYLLABLE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH PIDGINS AND CREOLES Andrei A. Avram B.A. (Bucharest - Romania) Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics and Modem English Language Lancaster University October 2004 ProQuest Number: 11003561 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11003561 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis is an optimality-theoretic investigation of syllable restructuring in the Atlantic and Pacific English-lexicon pidgins and creoles, both in their earlier stages and in the modem varieties. The theoretical framework and the methodology are presented in chapter 2. The next three chapters examine the adjustments that occur in the English pidgins and creoles in two syllabic positions: the onset and the coda. Thus, chapter 3 looks into the strategies used to resolve illicit /s/-initial onset clusters. Chapter 4 investigates the fate of obstruent + sonorant onset clusters, to the exclusion of /s/-initial ones. The clusters at issue are of two types: obstruent + glide, and obstruent + liquid.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuplex: Data Science in Python at Native Code Speed
    Tuplex: Data Science in Python at Native Code Speed Leonhard Spiegelberg Rahul Yesantharao Malte Schwarzkopf Tim Kraska [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Brown University MIT Brown University MIT Abstract compute a flight’s distance covered from kilometers to miles Data science pipelines today are either written in Python via a UDF after joining with a carrier table: or contain user-defined functions (UDFs) written in Python. carriers= spark.read.load( 'carriers.csv') But executing interpreted Python code is slow, and arbitrary fun= udf( lambda m: m* 1.609, DoubleType()) Python UDFs cannot be compiled to optimized machine code. spark.read.load('flights.csv') We present Tuplex, the first data analytics framework that .join(carriers, 'code', 'inner') just-in-time compiles developers’ natural Python UDFs into .withColumn('distance', fun('distance')) efficient, end-to-end optimized native code. Tuplex introduces .write.csv('output.csv') a novel dual-mode execution model that compiles an opti- mized fast path for the common case, and falls back on slower This code will run data loading and the join using Spark’s exception code paths for data that fail to match the fast path’s compiled Scala operators, but must execute the Python UDF assumptions. Dual-mode execution is crucial to making end- passed to withColumn in a Python interpreter. This requires to-end optimizing compilation tractable: by focusing on the passing data between the Python interpreter and the JVM [41], common case, Tuplex keeps the code simple enough to apply and prevents generating end-to-end optimized code across the aggressive optimizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Snek: Baby Python Keith Packard Principal Engineer Sifive [email protected] @Keith X11
    Snek: Baby Python Keith Packard Principal Engineer SiFive [email protected] @keith_x11 Lego Robotics Class ● 10 students ages 10-12 – 3-4 years of Lego-based instruction already ● 1-2 TAs ages 13-18 – Former students ● 2 teac ers ! 2 adult "olunteers ● 3 languages – Logo on Macintos wit Lego control panel – Robolab on Lego RCX – 'ne( on Arduino and Sne(board ● Coo%erati"e )n"ironment #y First Lego Computer ● A%%le ][ ,-.02!0 ● Flo%%y Dis( ● Plug-in controller bo3 ● Lego4 so many Lego ● Logo Language Logo Code forever [ talkto 1 onfor 10 sleep 10 ] Arduino ● 8-bit Atmega 328 ● C++ language ● IDE on deskto% Arduino Code Fireworks ● 1uemilanove ● '2I-based L)1 driver ● 26# undreds of L)1s 2roject Goals ● 2ython-inspired synta34 9AS5C- inspired scale ● Run on a Duemilano"e ● 'mall enoug to e3%lore in a fe$ ours 'ne( ● Small 'oC – ATmega 3282 – RISC-: – ARM Cortex-# ● 2yt on-com%atible ● 51) on des(to% – sne(de – mu 'nek Line 9ug while True: talkto(M1) setright() on() while read(A1) > 0.35: pass off() talkto(M3) setleft() on() while read(A1) < 0.35: pass off() Circuit 2yt on ● 9ased on Micro Pyt on ● Larger language (objects, etc) text data bss dec hex filename 64440 48 21080 85568 14e40 snek.elf 246912 964 7124 255000 3e418 circuit-python.elf ● More so% isticated G25; usage Circuit Pyt on )3ample import time import board from digitalio import DigitalInOut, Direction, Pull led = DigitalInOut(board.D13) led.direction = Direction.OUTPUT switch = DigitalInOut(board.D2) switch.direction = Direction.INPUT switch.pull = Pull.UP while True: if switch.value:
    [Show full text]