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Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions 65
Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions 65 COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONS1 Matej Guid2 and Ivan Bratko2 Ljubljana, Slovenia ABSTRACT Who is the best chess player of all time? Chess players are often interested in this question that has never been answered authoritatively, because it requires a comparison between chess players of different eras who never met across the board. In this contribution, we attempt to make such a comparison. It is based on the evaluation of the games played by the World Chess Champions in their championship matches. The evaluation is performed by the chess-playing program CRAFTY. For this purpose we slightly adapted CRAFTY. Our analysis takes into account the differences in players' styles to compensate the fact that calm positional players in their typical games have less chance to commit gross tactical errors than aggressive tactical players. Therefore, we designed a method to assess the difculty of positions. Some of the results of this computer analysis might be quite surprising. Overall, the results can be nicely interpreted by a chess expert. 1. INTRODUCTION Who is the best chess player of all time? This is a frequently posed and interesting question, to which there is no well founded, objective answer, because it requires a comparison between chess players of different eras who never met across the board. With the emergence of high-quality chess programs a possibility of such an objective comparison arises. However, so far computers were mostly used as a tool for statistical analysis of the players' results. Such statistical analyses often do neither reect the true strengths of the players, nor do they reect their quality of play. -
A Semiotic Analysis on Signs of the English Chess Game
1 A Semiotic Analysis on Signs of the English Chess Game M. I. Andi Purnomo, Drs. Wisasongko, M.A., Hat Pujiati, S.S., M.A. English Department, Faculty of Letter, Jember University Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This thesis discusses about English Chess Game through Roland Barthes's Myth. In this thesis, I use documentary technique as method of analysis. The analysis is done by the observation of the rules, colors, and images of the English chess game. In addition, chessman and chess formation are analyzed using syntagmatic and paradigmatic relation theory to explore the correlation between symbols of the English chess game with the existence of Christian in the middle age of England. The result of this thesis shows the relation of English chess game with the history of England in the middle age where Christian ideology influences the social, military, and government political life of the English empire. Keywords: chessman, chess piece, bishops, king, knights, pawns, queen, rooks. Introduction Then, the game spread into Europe. Around 1200, the game was established in Britain and the name of “Chess” begins Game is an activity that is done by people for some (Shenk, 2006:51). It means chess spread to English during purposes. Some people use the game as a medium of the Middle Ages. The Middle Age of English begins around interaction with other people. Others use the game as the 1066 – 1485 (www.middle-ages.org.uk). At that time, the activity of spending leisure time. Others use the game as the Christian dominated the whole empire and automatically the major activity for professional. -
Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom for Irv, Who Introduced Me to Chess and Other Wonders Contents
A History Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom For Irv, who introduced me to chess and other wonders Contents Acknowledgments viii Introduction xii Selected Rulers of the Period xx part 1 • the mystery of the chess queen’ s birth One Chess Before the Chess Queen 3 Two Enter the Queen! 15 Three The Chess Queen Shows Her Face 29 part 2 • spain, italy, and germany Four Chess and Queenship in Christian Spain 39 Five Chess Moralities in Italy and Germany 59 part 3 • france and england Six Chess Goes to France and England 71 v • contents Seven Chess and the Cult of the Virgin Mary 95 Eight Chess and the Cult of Love 109 part 4 • scandinavia and russia Nine Nordic Queens, On and Off the Board 131 Ten Chess and Women in Old Russia 151 part 5 • power to the queen Eleven New Chess and Isabella of Castile 167 Twelve The Rise of “Queen’s Chess” 187 Thirteen The Decline of Women Players 199 Epilogue 207 Notes 211 Index 225 About the Author Praise Other Books by Marilyn Yalom Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher Waking Piece The world dreams in chess Kibitzing like lovers Pawn’s queened redemption L is a forked path only horses lead. Rook and King castling for safety Bishop boasting of crossways slide. Echo of Orbit: starless squared sky. She alone moves where she chooses. Protecting helpless monarch, her bidden skill. Attacking schemers, plotters, blundered all. Game eternal. War breaks. She enters. Check mate. Hail Queen. How we crave Her majesty. —Gary Glazner Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the vast philo- logical, archaeological, literary, and art historical research of pre- vious writers, most notably from Germany and England. -
Origins of Chess Protochess, 400 B.C
Origins of Chess Protochess, 400 B.C. to 400 A.D. by G. Ferlito and A. Sanvito FROM: The Pergamon Chess Monthly September 1990 Volume 55 No. 6 The game of chess, as we know it, emerged in the North West of ancient India around 600 A.D. (1) According to some scholars, the game of chess reached Persia at the time of King Khusrau Nushirwan (531/578 A.D.), though some others suggest a later date around the time of King Khusrau II Parwiz (590/628 A.D.) (2) Reading from the old texts written in Pahlavic, the game was originally known as "chatrang". With the invasion of Persia by the Arabs (634/651 A.D.), the game’s name became "shatranj" because the phonetic sounds of "ch" and "g" do not exist in Arabic language. The game spread towards the Mediterranean coast of Africa with the Islamic wave of military expansion and then crossed over to Europe. However, other alternative routes to some parts of Europe may have been used by other populations who were playing the game. At the moment, this "Indian, Persian, Islamic" theory on the origin of the game is accepted by the majority of scholars, though it is fair to mention here the work of J. Needham and others who suggested that the historical chess of seventh century India was descended from a divinatory game (or ritual) in China. (3) On chess theories, the most exhaustive account founded on deep learning and many years’ studies is the A History of Chess by the English scholar, H.J.R. -
History of Chess from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for the Book by H
History of chess From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the book by H. J. R. Murray, see A History of Chess. Real-size resin reproductions of the 12th century Lewis chessmen. The top row shows king, queen, and bishop. The bottom row shows knight, rook, and pawn. The history of chess spans some 1500 years. The earliest predecessor of the game probably originated in India, before the 6th century AD. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, chess evolved into roughly its current form in the 15th century. The "Romantic Era of Chess" was the predominant chess playing style down to the 1880s. It was characterized by swashbuckling attacks, clever combinations, brash piece sacrifices and dynamic games. Winning was secondary to winning with style. These games were focused more on artistic expression, rather than technical mastery or long-term planning. The Romantic era of play was followed by the Scientific, Hypermodern, and New Dynamism eras.[1] In the second half of the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began, and the first World Chess Championship was held in 1886. The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). Developments in the 21st century include use ofcomputers for analysis, which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market. Online gaming appeared in the mid-1990s. Contents [hide] 1 Origin 2 India -
Art. I.—On the Persian Game of Chess
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. ART. I.— On the Persian Game of Chess. By K BLAND, ESQ., M.R.A.S. [Read June 19th, 1847.] WHATEVER difference of opinion may exist as to the introduction of Chess into Europe, its Asiatic origin is undoubted, although the question of its birth-place is still open to discussion, and will be adverted to in this essay. Its more immediate design, however, is to illustrate the principles and practice of the game itself from such Oriental sources as have hitherto escaped observation, and, especially, to introduce to particular notice a variety of Chess which may, on fair grounds, be considered more ancient than that which is now generally played, and lead to a theory which, if it should be esta- blished, would materially affect our present opinions on its history. In the life of Timur by Ibn Arabshah1, that conqueror, whose love of chess forms one of numerous examples among the great men of all nations, is stated to have played, in preference, at a more complicated game, on a larger board, and with several additional pieces. The learned Dr. Hyde, in his valuable Dissertation on Eastern Games2, has limited his researches, or, rather, been restricted in them by the nature of his materials, to the modern Chess, and has no further illustrated the peculiar game of Timur than by a philological Edited by Manger, "Ahmedis ArabsiadEe Vitae et Rernm Gestarum Timuri, qui vulgo Tamerlanes dicitur, Historia. Leov. 1772, 4to;" and also by Golius, 1736, * Syntagma Dissertationum, &c. Oxon, MDCCJ-XVII., containing "De Ludis Orientalibus, Libri duo." The first part is " Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahi. -
The Chess Players
The Chess Players A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Liberal Studies by Gerry A. Wolfson-Grande May, 2013 Mentor: Dr. Philip F. Deaver Reader: Dr. Steve Phelan Rollins College Hamilton Holt School Master of Liberal Studies Program Winter Park, Florida NOTE TO THE READER: For my thesis project, I have written a novel-in-stories called The Chess Players. This companion piece, “A Game for All Reasons: Musings on the Interdisciplinary Nature of Chess,” is intended to supplement the creative narrative with my analyses assembled over the course of the MLS program. A GAME FOR ALL REASONS: Musings on the Interdisciplinary Nature of Chess By Gerry A. Wolfson-Grande May, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Enter the Queen................................................................................................................... 3 Art, Improvisation and Randomness................................................................................. 14 Fortune and Her Wheel: Chess in the Book of the Duchess and the Knight’s Tale ......... 26 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 40 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 42 Artwork ............................................................................................................................ -
The Queen's Gambit
Master Class with Aagaard | Shankland on the Online Olympiad | Spiegel’s Three Questions NOVEMBER 2020 | USCHESS.ORG The Queen’s Gambit A new Netflix limited series highlights the Royal Game A seasonal gift from US CHESS: A free copy of Chess Life! NOVEMBER 17, 2020 Dear Chess Friends: GM ELIZABETH SPIEGEL When one of our members has a good idea, we take it seriously. Tweeting on October 31 – Halloween Day! – National Master Han Schut GM JESSE suggested we provide a “holiday present” to chess players around the world. KRAAI GM JACOB AAGAARD What a swell idea. Chess Life is the official magazine of US Chess. Each month we here at FM CARSTEN Chess Life work to publish the best of American chess in all of its facets. HANSEN In recent issues we have brought you articles by GM Jesse Kraai on chess in the time of coronavirus; GM Jon Tisdall’s look at online chess; IM Eric Rosen on “the new chess boom,” featuring a cover that went Michael Tisserand IM JOHN viral on social media!; on Charlie Gabriel, the WATSON coolest octogenarian jazz player and chess fan in New Orleans; and GM Maurice Ashley on 11-year-old phenom IM Abhimanyu Mishra. IM ERIC Our November issue has gained wide attention across the world for its cover ROSEN story on the Netflix limited series The Queen’s Gambit by longtime Chess Life columnist Bruce Pandolfini.It also features articles by GM Jacob Aagaard GM Sam Shankland WFM Elizabeth Spiegel GM MAURICE , , and , made ASHLEY famous in the 2012 documentary Brooklyn Castle. -
Risk & Bluff in Chess
Vladimir Tukmakov Risk & Bluff in Chess The Art of Taking Calculated Risks New In Chess 2015 From the Author ‘If you want to show your opponent that 2x2=5, you still need to understand that in reality 2x2=4, and that you are taking a risk.’ Mikhail Tal Bluff is a term in card games. It is an integral part of poker, and makes the game attractive to millions of followers. Both in cards and in life generally, bluff is based on the fact that the opponent does not have complete information about your real possibilities. In poker, the players are only sure of the value of their own hand, and can only judge the rest on the basis of indirect signs. In life even more is unknown. Mistakes in opening preparation. Or a risky sacrifice from a simple oversight. Only the players themselves know the truth about what happened. By way of illus- tration, here are two remarkable examples, which could have graced this book but which, alas, failed to pass the strict criteria for inclusion. The first was played in a World Championship match and played a significant role in the history of chess. Game 1 Later, however, it was found that as Anatoly Karpov (2720) early as 1965, Peter Dely had already Garry Kasparov (2701) played this amazing pawn sacrifice in Moscow Wch m 1985 (16) the Hungarian championship against 1.e4 c5 2.♘f3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.♘xd4 IM Karoly Honfi. The eventful game ♘c6 5.♘b5 d6 6.c4 ♘f6 7.♘1c3 a6 petered out into a draw. -
FIDE Chess Network 1 Introduction
AUSTRIAN JOURNAL OF STATISTICS Volume 40 (2011), Number 4, 225–239 FIDE Chess Network Kristijan Breznik1 and Vladimir Batagelj2 1 International School for Social and Business Studies, Celje, Slovenia 2 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract: The game of chess has a long and rich history. In the last century it has been closely connected to the world chess federation FIDE1. This paper analyses all of the rated chess games published on the FIDE website from January 2008 to September 2010 with network analytic methods. We discuss some players and game properties, above all the portion of games played between the world’s best chess players and the frequency of games among countries. Additionally, our analysis confirms the already known advantage of white pieces in the game of chess. We conclude that some modifications in the current system should appear in the near future. Zusammenfassung: Das Schachspiel hat als Spiel eine lange, abwechslungs- reiche Geschichte, die im letzten Jahrhundert mit dem Weltschachbund FIDE eng verbunden ist. In diesem Artikel analysieren wir alle bewerteten und veroffentlichten¨ Spiele der FIDE Webseite von Januar 2008 bis September 2010 unter Verwendung von Netzwerkanalysen. Wir diskutieren einige Spie- ler und die Eigenschaften der Spiele, vor allem den Anteil der Schachspiele zwischen den besten Schachspielern der Welt und die Haufigkeit¨ der Spiele zwischen verschiedenen Landern.¨ Unsere Analyse bestatigt¨ den bekannten Vorteil im Spiel fur¨ denjenigen, der die weißen Figuren besitzt. Schließlich kommen wir zur Feststellung, dass in naher Zukunft einige Veranderungen¨ am aktuellen System verlangt werden sollten. Keywords: Chess, FIDE, Network Analysis, Elo Rating System. -
Sample Pages
CHESSONE - A COMPLETE INTRODUCTION TO THE ROYAL GAME Vassilis Aristotelous CYPRUS CHESS CHAMPION - FIDE INSTRUCTOR - FIDE ARBITER CONTENTS Preface .............................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 13 The ELO Rating System.................................................................................... 16 History of Chess ................................................................................................ 18 World Chess Champions .................................................................................... 23 Grains on the Chessboard .................................................................................. 24 The Basics ......................................................................................................... 27 How the Pieces Move ....................................................................................... 29 The Value of the Pieces ..................................................................................... 33 The Relevant Value of the Pieces ..................................................................... 37 Piece Mobility .................................................................................................... 39 Pawn War .......................................................................................................... 40 Zugzwang ......................................................................................................... -
Chess Theory – Its Structure and Evolution
1 Chess Theory – Its Structure And Evolution Franco Pratesi Introduction When modern chess started to be played, there were several aspects tangled together. Nobody could understand it as a new game. Many el- ements of the classical chess game were indeed still present, so that it was rather a new way of playing a traditional game, alla rabbiosa, in a crazy way, with increased fight elements. In different places, changes in the rules occurred in different times; this is far from surprising if we consider that in addition to the moves of bishop and queen other changes involved castling, en passant capture, promotion, and so on. The same transformation can be differently seen, if considered from nowadays. In reflecting on the history of chess at the time, we have to try and reconstruct its environment as truly as possible. This is however not enough. We have to apply subsequent knowledge too, as now avail- able to us. Thus let us thus first examine the evolution of chess theory from the present point of view, then add some detail on the progress at the time and its guidelines, and then outline following developments. 1 – Retrospective view of chess theory Theory of one game A preliminary approach is required for defining any game, with its specific rules. From this point of view, it is not possible to speak of a game of chess. Many versions of chess have been played in various countries in the course of time; many different chess games have been further introduced and new ones continue to be described from day to day.