DOCSLIB.ORG

Mongolia Government of Mongolia Voluntary National Government of Mongolia Review 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mongolia Government of Mongolia Voluntary National Government of Mongolia Review 2019 MONGOLIA GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIA VOLUNTARY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIA REVIEW 2019 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS GOVERNMENT OF MONGOLIA IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ULAANBAATAR 2019 Government of Mongolia 2019. Mongolia Voluntary National Review Report 2019. Implementation Of The Sustainable Development Goals Ulaanbaatar. June. Report presented at the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainble Development, New York. The 2019 meeting of the High-level Political Forum (HLPF) on Sustainable Development is being held from Tuesday, 9 July to Thursday, 18 July 2019. The three-day ministerial meeting of the forum will be from Tuesday, 16 July to Thursday 18 July 2019. The HLPF is convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council. It is the central platform of the United Nations for follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. The HLPF provides for the full and effective participation of all Member States of the UN and of the specialized agencies. Mongolia Voluntary National Review Report 2019 is published in Mongolian and English. Except for specific reference cases, all data and information used in the report have been taken from official statistics. Cover photo (yaks in the countryside of Mongolia) credit: www.mpa.mn Contact address: National Development Agency United Nations Street 5/1 Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia Telephone: (976) 51-263333 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nda.gov.mn ISBN: 978-9919-21-662-7 CONTENTS FIGURES............................................................................................................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................................................................................6 FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................................7 PREFACE ...........................................................................................................................................................9 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1. VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT: PROCESS AND METHODOLOGY 1.1. Voluntary National Review Report Preparation Process ......................................................................14 1.2. Voluntary National Review Report Preparation Methodology ..............................................................16 CHAPTER 2. WHERE MONGOLIA STANDS ON THE SDGS Goal 1. End Poverty in All Its Forms Everywhere ................................................................................19 Goal 2. End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture ...........................................................................................................19 Goal 3. Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Wellbeing for All at All Ages ..........................................20 Goal 4. Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All .................................................................................................21 Goal 5. Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls ...............................................22 Goal 6. Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All .............23 Goal 7. Ensure Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy for All ..................24 Goal 8. Promote Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work for All ....................................................26 Goal 9. Build Resilient Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Foster Innovation .................................................................................27 Goal 10. Reduce Inequality within and Among Countries ....................................................................28 Goal 11. Make Cities and Human Settlement Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable ..................29 Goal 12. Responsible Consumption and Production ............................................................................31 Goal 13. Take Urgent Action to Combat Climate Change and Its Impacts .........................................32 Goal 14. Conserve and Sustainably Use the Oceans, Seas and Marine Resources for Sustainable Development .......................................................................................................34 Goal 15. Protect, Restore and Promote Sustainable Use of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sustainably Manage Forests, Combat Desertification, and Halt and Reverse Land Degradation and Halt Biodiversity Loss .................................................................................34 Goal 16. Promote Peaceful and Inclusive Societies for Sustainable Development, Provide Access to Justice for All and Build Effective, Accountable and Inclusive Institutions at All Levels ..........................................................................................35 Goal 17. Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development .............................................................................36 CHAPTER 3. MONGOLIA’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-ENABLING POLICY ENVIRONMENT 3.1. Localising the Sustainable Development Goals ..................................................................................38 3.2. Ensuring “All-of-Government” Principle, Policy Coherence and Coordination..................................39 3.3. Directing Development Financing Towards Sustainable Development .............................................40 3.4. Creating Institutional Structures for Sustainable Development .........................................................42 3.5. SDG Progress Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting .........................................................................43 3.6. Building Multistakeholder Partcipation and Partnership ....................................................................45 3.7. Ensuring the “Leaving No One Behind” Principle ................................................................................46 MONGOLIA VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT 2019 3 CHAPTER 4. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE IN FOCUS: AIR POLLUTION 4.1. Air Pollution as a Key Development Challenge ...................................................................................49 4.2. Systems Analysis: Air Pollution Drivers and Impacts .........................................................................52 4.3. National Efforts Undertaken to Reduce Air Pollution ..........................................................................58 4.4. Bottlenecks from Weak Policy Coordination .......................................................................................59 4.5. Towards Better Air Quality: Way Forward ............................................................................................62 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1. Change Towards Sustainable Development is Possible ....................................................................66 5.2. Overall Conclusions ..............................................................................................................................67 ANNEX 1. KEY DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES OF MONGOLIA IN IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ....................................70 ANNEX 2. STATE OF SDG INDICATORS IN MONGOLIA .....................................................................72 ANNEX 3. MONGOLIA’S POSITION IN THE WORLD: RANKINGS UNDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT INDICES .....................................................................................83 ANNEX 4. STATE OF AIR POLLUTION IN ULAANBAATAR.................................................................84 ANNEX 5. KEY BOTTLENECK AND FUTURE ACTIONS IN TACKLING AIR POLLUTION BASED ON SYSTEMS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................87 ANNEX 6. MATRIX USED TO IDENTIFY POPULATION GROUPS WHO ARE “AT RISK OF BEING LEFT BEHIND” ...................................................................................90 ENDNOTES .............................................................................................................................................91 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................93 THE NATIONAL REPORT PRODUCTION TEAM .............................................................................................95 4 MONGOLIA VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT 2019 FIGURES Figure 1.1. Mapping the VNR Preparation and Presentation Process at the UN HLPF ..........................15 Figure 2.1. Trends in GDP Growth and the Share of Health and Education Expenditure in GDP, 2007-2017 ..............................................................................................17 Figure 2.2. Economic Growth and Unemployment Level, Percent, 2010-2018 ......................................18 Figure 2.3. Annual Temperature and Precipitation Change Over the Last 70 Years ..............................32 Figure 2.4. Long-Term Variation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cross-Border Trade and Transport Infrastructure Development In
    CrossCross--borderborder tradetrade andand transporttransport infrastructureinfrastructure developmentdevelopment inin NEANEA By:By: Prof.Prof. GotovGotov Dugerjav,Dugerjav, Dr.ScDr.Sc ContentsContents — NEA and Mongolia cooperation — Mongolia’s Macroeconomic Review — Brief description of the Eastern Mongolia — Infrastructure capacity review — Future Development Potential (on- going/planned megaprojects, traffic forecasts) — Road and Rail Transport corridors — Conclusions and Recommendations Gotov Dugerjav 2 I. NEA and Mongolia cooperation Gotov Dugerjav 3 NEANEA cooperationcooperation Northeast Asia : • 3 of the world’s major powers, • 2 of the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, and • 2 of the largest economies of the world • 2 of the BRIC’s countries. It is also a home to one of the world’s hottest flash points. The situation in the sub-region remains fragile, although it is relatively stable. Gotov Dugerjav 4 BasisBasis ofof CooperationCooperation This area of the World includes countries with very diverse political and economic conditions. The basis of an international economic cooperation framework could be a combination of rich mineral resources of Mongolia and investment capital and advanced technology from South Korea and Japan, as well as a considerable pool of workforce from China (PRC) and North Korea. Gotov Dugerjav 5 MongoliaMongolia’’ss foreignforeign tradetrade withwith NEA,NEA, millionmillion USDUSD Export Import 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Total 1888 385.1 2 908 502.2 4 780 350.5 2 137 673.5 3 200 053.3 6 526 882.4 NEA 1 414 023 2 499 662.6 4 449 328.7 794 553.8 1 355 282.5 2 851 436.7 DPRK - 25.5 - 47.1 798.5 740.0 ROK 15 458.1 30 519.9 1 896.1 155 102.2 181 781.9 350 648.5 PRC 1 393 906.7 2 466 265.5 4 400 735.7 538 582.6 970 976.0 2 007 572.2 Taiwan 94.0 182.0 10.0 3 768.4 5 238.1 8 966.5 Japan 4 564.2 2 669.7 10 694.6 97 053.5 196 488.0 483 509.5 Source: National Statistical Office, Mongolia Gotov Dugerjav 6 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Pasture Productivity in Mongolian Grasslands: Field Survey and Model Simulation
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240797895 Estimation of pasture productivity in Mongolian grasslands: Field survey and model simulation Article in Journal of Agricultural Meteorology · January 2010 DOI: 10.2480/agrmet.66.1.6 CITATIONS READS 11 336 3 authors: Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun Masato Shinoda Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment Nagoya University 14 PUBLICATIONS 95 CITATIONS 132 PUBLICATIONS 1,859 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Mitsuru Tsubo Tottori University 116 PUBLICATIONS 2,727 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Migration ecology and conservation of Mongolian wild ungulates View project Sand fluxes and its vertical distribution in the southern Mongolia: A sand storm case study for 2011 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun on 06 January 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Full Paper J. Agric. Meteorol. (農業気象) 66 (1): 31-39, 2010 Estimation of pasture productivity in Mongolian grasslands: field survey and model simulation Tserenpurev BAT-OYUN†, Masato SHINODA, and Mitsuru TSUBO (Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Hamasaka, Tottori, 680–0001, Japan) Abstract The Mongolian economy depends critically on products of range-fed livestock. Pasture is the major food source for livestock grazing, and its productivity is strongly affected by climatic variability. Direct measurement of pasture productivity is time-consuming and difficult, especially in remote areas of a large country like Mongolia with sparse spatial distribution of pasture monitoring. Therefore, model- ing is a valuable tool to simulate pasture productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Purge
    ᭿ First published in Twentieth Century Mongolia, Cambridge, White Horse Press, 1999 45 THE GREAT PURGE Baabar Chapter Twenty-One: The Great Purge ASS officially expressed its condolences on Demid’s death. In Ulaanbaatar, TChoibalsan mourned the decease of “his only close friend in the world” by taking an oath of allegiance. After the burial ceremony, on September 2, Choibalsan became Commander-in-Chief and Minister for Defense. The next day he issued Order No. 366, which stated: There are indications that among us are individuals and groups whose political conscious- ness has become so dull that they have fallen under the influence of Japanese spies and provocateurs and have become traitors of their native land.1 Creating an impression of the omnipresence of spies and traitors and producing justifications for future arrests was part of the final psychological preparation for the Great Purge. The technical preparations for the massacre were already complete. Many important things had happened in the few days between Demid’s death and the day Order No. 366 was signed by Choibalsan. On August 13, 1937, the Central Committee of the All- Union Communist (Bolshevik) Party chaired by Stalin decided to station the Red Army in Mongolia and to send a Bolshevik delegation there to implement the decision.2 On August 24, 1937, a large delegation of the Soviet government arrived in Ulaanbaatar unannounced. It included Smirnov, Deputy Minister for Defense, Frinovski, Deputy Minister for Soviet Internal Affairs, and Mironov, the newly assigned representative in Mongolia. Apparently the delegation had not intended to meet with Demid in Mongolia, who had just been called to Moscow for the second time, but rather to present to Prime Minister Amar Japan’s plan to take over Mongolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix-3 Investigation Schedule Investigation Schedule （Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable in Mongolia）
    Appendix-3 Investigation Schedule Investigation Schedule （Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable in Mongolia） 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 Speciality Name 1998 1999 2000 910111212345678910111212345678910111212 (9) (75) (2) (28) (15) (60) (30) (15) (30) (15) (30) (12) Team Leader／ Yoshitomo WATANABE 1 Power Supply Planner 3 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 Demand Estimtor／ (9) (75) (30) (15) (60) (30) (15) (30) (15) (30) (12) 2 Power Supply System Tomoyasu FUKUCHI Specialist 3 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 (3) (69) (24) (15) (60) (21) (15) (24) (15) (15) (12) 3 Solar Power Planner Deepak B.BISTA 9 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 (3) (69) (24) (15) (60) (21) (15) (24) (15) (15) (12) 4 Wind Power Planner Tsutomu DEI 9 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 Tariff Analyst／ (3) (66) (24) (45) (21) (24) (15) (27) (12) 5 Economic and Hiroshi NISHIMAKI Financial Analyst 3 7 25 9 25 10 28 9 Social and (61) (24) (8) (45) (21) (15) (24) (15) (21) (12) Kiyofumi TANAKA 6 Organization Analyst 17 16 26 5 25 9 15 29 25 10 28 9 Appendix-3 (75) (60) (12) Kazuyuki TADA/ 7 Coordinator Norio UEDA 316 12 10 28 9 Investigation Sched ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ Repors Repors Inception Report Progress Report 1 Progress Report 2 Interim Report Draft Final Report Final Report 910111212345678910111212345678910111212 Legend ： In Mongolia In Japan u The Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable Energy in Mongolia The First Site Investigation Schedule No.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services
    MONGOLIA Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services S. Rivera East Asia & Pacific The World Bank Government of Mongolia: Working Group Technical Donors Meeting October, 2006. 1 Mongolia: Infrastructure Strategy The Process and Outputs Factors Shaping Infrastructure Strategy Demand Key Choices to discuss this morning 2 Process and Outcome The Process – An interactive process, bringing together international practices: Meeting in Washington, March 2005. Field work in the late 2005. Preparation of about 12 background notes in sector and themes, discussed in Washington on June 2006. Submission of final draft report in November, 2006 Launching of Infrastructure Strategy report in a two day meeting in early 2007. Outcome A live document that can shape and form policy discussions on PIP, National Development Plan, and Regional Development Strategy….it has been difficult for the team to assess choices as well. 3 Factors Shaping the IS • Urban led Size and Growth of Ulaanbaatar and Selected Aimag (Pillar) Centers Size of the Circle=Total Population ('000) Infrastructure 6% 5% 869.9 Investments ) l 4% ua nn 3% a Ulaanbaatar (%, 2% h t Darkhan w Erdenet o 1% r G n 0% o i -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 at l -1% Choibalsan Kharkhorin opu Ondorkhaan P -2% Khovd Uliastai -3% Zuunmod -4% Share of Total Urban Population (%) 4 Factors Shaping the IS: Connectivity, with the World and in Mongolia Khankh Khandgait Ulaanbaishint Ereentsav Khatgal Altanbulag ULAANGOM Nogoonnuur UVS KHUVSGUL Tsagaannuur ÒýñTes
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use and Land Tenure in Mongolia: a Brief History and Current Issues Maria E
    Land Use and Land Tenure in Mongolia: A Brief History and Current Issues Maria E. Fernandez-Gimenez Maria E. Fernandez-Gimenez is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship at Colorado State University. She received her PhD at the University of California, Berkeley in 1997 and has conducted research in Mongolia since 1993. Her current areas of research include pastoral development policy; community-based natural resource management; traditional and local ecological knowledge; and monitoring and adaptive management in rangeland ecosystems. strategies have not changed greatly; mobile and flexible grazing Abstract—This essay argues that an awareness of the historical relation- ships among land use, land tenure, and the political economy of Mongolia strategies adapted to cope with harsh and variable production is essential to understanding current pastoral land use patterns and policies conditions remain the cornerstone of Mongolian pastoralism. in Mongolia. Although pastoral land use patterns have altered over time in Similarly, although land tenure regimes have evolved towards response to the changing political economy, mobility and flexibility remain increasingly individuated tenure over pastoral resources, hallmarks of sustainable grazing in this harsh and variable climate, as do the communal use and management of pasturelands. Recent changes in Mongolia’s pasturelands continue to be held and managed as common political economy threaten the continued sustainability of Mongolian pastoral property resources in most locations, although these institutions systems due to increasing poverty and declining mobility among herders and have been greatly weakened in the past half century. The most the weakening of both formal and customary pasture management institu- recent changes in Mongolia’s political economy threaten the tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual
    CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2007 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 10, 2007 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 2007 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2007 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 10, 2007 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 38–026 PDF WASHINGTON : 2007 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 01:22 Oct 11, 2007 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 38026.TXT CHINA1 PsN: CHINA1 CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate SANDER M. LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota, Co-Chairman MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio MAX BAUCUS, Montana TOM UDALL, New Mexico CARL LEVIN, Michigan MICHAEL M. HONDA, California DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIM WALZ, Minnesota SHERROD BROWN, Ohio CHRISTOPHER H.
    [Show full text]
  • MONGOLIA CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS a Diagnostic Study of the Most Binding Constraints to Economic Growth in Mongolia
    The production of this constraints analysis was led by the partner governments, and was used in the development of a Millennium Challenge Compact or threshold program. Although the preparation of the constraints analysis is a collaborative process, posting of the constraints analysis on this website does not constitute an endorsement by MCC of the content presented therein. 2014-001-1569-02 MONGOLIA CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS A diagnostic study of the most binding constraints to economic growth in Mongolia August 18, 2016 Produced by National Secretariat for the Second Compact Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Millennium Challenge Corporation of the USA With technical assistance from the Millennium Challenge Corporation i Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................................................... viii 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change
    This “Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014” (MARCC 2014) has been developed and published by the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia with financial support from the GIZ programme “Biodiversity and adaptation of key forest ecosystems to climate change”, which is being implemented in Mongolia on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Copyright © 2014, Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Editors-in-chief: Damdin Dagvadorj Zamba Batjargal Luvsan Natsagdorj Disclaimers This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . 3 List of Tables . .. 12 Abbreviations . 14 Units . 17 Foreword . 19 Preface . 22 1. Introduction. Batjargal Z. 27 1.1 Background information about the country . 33 1.2 Introductory information on the second assessment report-MARCC 2014 . 31 2. Climate change: observed changes and future projection . 37 2.1 Global climate change and its regional and local implications. Batjargal Z. 39 2.1.1 Observed global climate change as estimated within IPCC AR5 . 40 2.1.2 Temporary slowing down of the warming . 43 2.1.3 Driving factors of the global climate change .
    [Show full text]
  • “Access to Environmental Justice: Ngo Environmental Advocacy on Mining-Related Environmental Issues in Mongolia”
    “ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: NGO ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY ON MINING-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN MONGOLIA” ULZIILKHAM ENKHBAATAR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL, YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO October 2020 © Ulziilkham Enkhbaatar, 2020 ABSTRACT In this thesis, I apply the theory of environmental justice to determine how NGOs use substantive and procedural environmental rights to advocate for mining-affected nomadic communities in Mongolia. Environmental NGOs often possess legal and scientific expertise pertinent to resolving and mitigating environmental risks and demanding justice for environmental damages on behalf of the mining-affected local communities. Based on the environmental justice theories, I have constructed a theoretical framework to examine how NGOs access and implement environmental justice tools, both domestically and internationally. Using a multi-methods research approach, including documentary analysis and qualitative interviews with NGO experts and lawyers, I was able to uncover the experiences, difficulties, and challenges faced by NGOs as they seek favourable environmental outcomes. My findings demonstrate that domestic and international environmental justice tools provided opportunities to NGOs to litigate, advocate, negotiate, and mediate the disputes between marginalized mining-affected nomadic communities and their much-larger opponents, mining companies. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude and sincere appreciation to my wonderful, kind and caring supervisor, Professor Estair Van Wagner, for her tremendous personal and professional support and guidance in writing this thesis during the challenging effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. I also would like to thank Professor Shin Imai, the LLM thesis supervisory committee member, for his unwavering support and guidance.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Country Report 2018
    Toxic Site Identification Program in Mongolia Award: DCI-ENV/2015/371157 Prepared by: Erdenesaikhan Naidansuren Prepared for: UNIDO Date: October 2018 Pure Earth 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 860 New York, NY, USA +1 212 647 8330 www.pureearth.org Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 3 Organizational Background .................................................................................................... 3 Toxic Site Identification Program (TSIP) ............................................................................... 3 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 5 Country Background ............................................................................................................... 5 Implimentation Strategy .......................................................................................................... 6 Coordinating with the Government ........................................................................................ 6 Sharing TSIP Information ....................................................................................................... 7 Current Work .......................................................................................................................... 8 TSIP Training in Mongolia ....................................................................................................... 9 Sites
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Development Outline for Economic Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and Mongolia
    STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA (PROJECT AREA: XINGANMENG PREFECTURE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE PRC AND THE PROVINCES OF DORNOD, HENTIY, SUHBAATAR OF MONGOLIA ) i This publication was prepared by Asian Development Bank consultants under the guidance of Bank staff. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in it do not necessarily represent the views of the Bank or those of its member countries. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data in- cluded in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. @ Asian Development Bank 2002 ISBN No. 971-561-412-4 Stock No. 110501 Published by the Asian Development Bank P.O. Box. 789, 0980 Manila, Philippines For more information on ADB, visit http:\\www.adb.org ii STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA (PROJECT AREA: XINGANMENG PREFECTURE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE PRC AND THE PROVINCES OF DORNOD, HENTIY, SUHBAATAR OF MONGOLIA ) iii Message from the People’s Republic of China n line with the open door policy, the Government of options for economic cooperation in a specific project the People’s Republic of China regards promotion area covering Xinganmeng Prefecture of Inner Mongolia Iof economic cooperation with neighboring coun- Autonomous Region and the three eastern provinces in tries as a special means to accelerate growth and eco- Mongolia. As revealed by the strategic study, the two nomic development of the local economy in the provinces countries have good opportunity to cooperate in the and autonomous regions that share border with other project area in the sectors of agriculture, mining, tour- countries.
    [Show full text]