• Role of Ecology of Mushroom Types in Forest Soil
(I) Ecological research methods and their problems
M. Ogawa
Fig. 1. Hypothesis of shape of rhizomorph, evolutional development, from
rhizomorph organized into fruiting body in nature.
Fig. 2. Site description. H.J. Andrews Experiment Forest, Oregon, USA, 1972
Position of trees and brush species in qudrat (20 x 30 m.)
Part of this figure inside the bold line are wet, the creeping
brushes and mosses are not shown. Ps: Pseudotsuga menziesii Ts: Tsuga heterophylla Be: Berberis nervosa
Ga: Ch: Chimophila menziesii
Fig. 3. Distribution of leaf litter. N.J. Andrews Experiment Forest,
Oregon. 1972.
A layer measured at edge of 50 cm thickness and draw level contour o line and divided into 0-25 mm, 25-50 mm, 50-75 mm, 75-100 mm, 100 - nun.
Fig. 4. Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest leaf litter decomposition in H.J. Andrews Experiment Forest, Oregon, U.S.A. 1972
Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Government Forest Experiment Station. Soil Microbiology, No. 19, p. 39-50 (1977) NOTE: After March 1, 1978, the address will be - Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, P.O. Box 2, Ushiku, Ibaraki, 300-12 Japan page 2
Litter classified by sieve, decomposition of litter volume
showed in percent. Samples were taken from 50x5O cm frame.
HJAI (litter thickness 3-5 cm) HJAII (5-8 cm)
HJAIII (2-3 cm from falling logs)
HJAIV (0-2.5 cm) Samples from four points in 450 year forest. MPI and MPI1 are from 150 year forest.
Fig. 5. Falling log distribution, J.H. Andrews Experiment Forest, Oregon, U.S.A. 1972.
450 year Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest falling log distribution. Black color - ancient advanced decomposing stage class
1 2 falling logs. White color - relatively new, no decomposition class 3 and above.
Table 1. Characteristics of process in decomposition of falling logs.
Fig. 6. Mushroom types distribution, H.J. Andrews Experiment Forest, Oregon, U.S.A. 1972. From May to November, 1972, every 7-14 days collected and investigated and the location pinpointed. Part of the quadrat as shown in figure. Species names, see article. page 3
Fig. 7. Distribution of mushroom in coast black pine forest.
Kanagawa prefacture, 1969-1970
A Black pine
A 1-19: soil microorganism sampling location. Solid line A0
layer over 2 cm, dotted line A o layer 0-2 cm, slant line open area. Estimated mushroom colonies only in solid line.
Si. luteus (Fr.) Gray Lh. Lactarius hatsudako Tanaka
Rr. Rhizopogon rubescens (Tul) Tul Lf. Lactarius flavidulus Imai
Ll. Laccaria laccata (Fr.) Berk. et Br. Sg. Suillus granulatus (Fr.) Kuntze La, Laccaria amethystina (Fr.) Berk. et Br.
Table 2. Ecological characteristics of mushrooms found in quadrat
1969-1970 Kanakawa prefacture coast black pine forest
M mycorrhizal fungi SM facultative saprophytes
HA, AC, C.. soil layers Mat. fungal mat to. ectomucorrhizal
Fig. 8. Soil microorganisms in mushroom exudates (juice) Kanakawa prefacture coast, October 20, 1970.
Sampling location as in Fig. 7 at depth 1-3 cm. page 14
Isolation medium: soil extracts and rose bengal, peptone,
glucose, Dilution plated method used. Bacteria and Laccaria type: x 103/g. dry soil, other fungi x 102/g. dry soil.
Fig. 9. Surface distribution of soil microorganisms in quadrat, Kanakawa prefecture coast, October 25, 1970.
Samples collected at Fig. 7 ♦ location by sterile tube. Use
isolation medium as described in Fig. 8 with dilutions plate method. B. bacteria, A. Laccaria type: x 102/g. dry soil.
Fig. 10. Vertical distribution of soil microorganisms in coast black
pine forest. April 1, and October 25, 1970. Samples collected from soil profile previously described, dilution plate method used for isolation.
Fig. 11. Vertical distribution of black pine roots and fungal mycelium. Kanakawa prefacture coast, November 14, 1970.
Distribution of black pine roots, use frame method to measure root size.
Fungal mycelium from 500 g. soil, use sonic bath to wash out and took measurement. Literature Cited Ogama, M. Forest Experiment Station Report 272:79-121 (1975) . Forest Experiment Station Report (in print) (1977) . Mycological Society of Japan. Special Seminar (1974) . Urban Kubota, No. 14, 4-7 (1977) 12. . Forest Experiment Station Report (in print) (1977) 14. . 814th Proceedings of Japanese Forestry Association, page 114-116 (1973) 39
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Be Be• •e 13 m R. fle .Be Bo. • B.e Ps Mo Be Be Corn 43.e Be, Be of Be Ch Be • •Be • ge • 13.T Co io e07,13e "Be K . Be Bo• In 05 +(Corn. 43e "Be Ch .Ch "m Be Be Ch. Byfo. /3e 3,4F: Ch Be VI Be §h Va :• „ C7k • • • 1 Be OTs ct. be Be T sO Ch V.i Va Be Vi ••,h gte Ch 33e Be,e, • 1,71. .h Ru 13e- Be C • Va Ch ".Be B:: • Va T .3e r Ts .Ru P12 09, H.J. ANDREWS WW,t, Oregon, U.S.A. 1972. - - F (20 x 30 m) b•A,- coMfa NO)-- ttAg(opiiiint.VM-C, ifintfiSt/ti rgli;:Vat, Ps: Pseudotszega rnenziesii, Ts: Tsuga heterophylla, Be : f3erberis nervosa, Ga : Ch : Chimaphila menziesii 43 rA 3 ItiffliXitto)(0, H.J. ANDREWS Mkt , Oregon, U.S.A. 1972. Ao kioDT4 50 cm f • L. 0-25 mm, 25-50 mm, 50-75 mm, 75-100 mm, 100—mm ;:-.Ao k1.7)11". 5 tz. 1 100 0 80 0--41 HJA I 0-0 HJAi I X —K A-6 WAN - MP i o- --o MPH IZ 4 Pseudotsuga-Tsuga -411 $i 4- 6 /it: M 5)- ow f H.J. ANDREWS %Rt , Oregon. U.S.A. 1972. CAVIIVfMkgliftopkt tr-nt A-A 0)%-: ,7: 1— t o 50 x 50 CM 7 1=.t -)--cmt4 HJAI (iI m 3--5 cm), HJAII (5-8 cm) HJAIII (2-3 cm, HJAIV (0-2.5 cm) 7)4 450 MPI y MPH 150 t.#75 44 MPI e II i/W-W 150 $(1) -÷J t‘tb.;, Qt5 O. 6-10 .tb.‘IiIt-51- 6 cr)b",t-Ck C0)-C, class 4 4) itt-Mifigif t.rtt0)t.:26, class 5 LK , { litMVICOF(974. 1 ::b‘ < .f2, 6 L, — h. 471- 045MUM- 02i:I -Db -f. 1-t:PrOtht, tsgoDUS)1.-740V4<, tv)±. ..ff tc 75 . f.:, class 3 1) % cAto3g4f5v14-1,k, Tsug 2 03X0Dt.-_t- h 7J; EI 3 0- 5 7 7 y ofita-#75440)±-CT-Do <, /tV1401C1,1r-it.Vb V tsL ri ts: 7) .-5E±t-, ftfifh ‘V.s. class 2 1E8#, t:. 0) At, /0,-CrIntSif50N1= < < • b" .•t• 6 1 5 iLtz h, --Vg t-5M — 1 `F 6 1 5 t:gffiaii E t.c< , < !); n»-) -C., 0,11ffi-4 filegiblA , 7 f- aro) Marasmius 0D-R7r: Yr- ), class 1 . 77YzIk - :, Y A- E±4 1W313‘,7_ - , L 7:: 4, 03 " - ?%5 L • 5 .t )trL 7D, 0 9 7, M)Ai....=.16-ffg75", g A,-C. JD c)% #66 Mitt fhl):itt; , =-V-b 3) 4111 0.53•Th- 33-Pgig <. 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U.S.A. 1972 04 ft 450 co Feudotsuga-Tsuga t#:;.:3.6 in Z,ffl -to 53.4; xt..to it, classl L 2 offij . 45 1. 1roM a)531C81? jc(r)liM Class 1 2 3 4 5 Features Bark absent absent absent partly present present Rate of decom- 70-80 50 30 10 trace position (%) Decomposed whole whole (sap wood) (sap wood) sap wood part heart wood heart wood soft, powderly soft, blocky to hard, larger intact, partly intact Texture small pieces pieces soft brown to dark reddish or light reddish brown or white or fresh fresh color Color of decom• brown brown white color posed wood (light brown) (reddish brown) (whitish brown) shrub, herb, moss shrub and seed- seedings of none none Growing plants and saplings of lings of conifers, conifers conifers moss conifer and conifer, fine root conifer, fine root none none Invading roots shrubs, larger to and mycorrhiza fine, mycorrhiza Cortinarius Cortinarius Polyporous Cyathus similar to 4 Collybia Mycena Polyporellus Tremella Cantluzrellus Marasmius Pseudohydnunt Polyporellus Inhabiting fungi Marasmius Collybia Fames Collybia Lentinus Mycena Armillariela Pseuclohydnum Potyporus 01, 5-10 cm Depth 4.5 (3.5) 4.0 (3.5) 4.55 (3.75) (4.2) (5.7) Water content 30.5 48.1 69.8 2-1 6 25.0 % in dry season Age, year 100-200 (-50) 50-100 (20-50) 25-50 (10-20) 15-25 (5-10) 0-5 (0-5) ( ): i t-coQ L C Pseudotsuga menZieSii Tsuga diversifolia opgiA. ts, -> at5b:44,- -c-t, • 6m , class 1 ^: L.tef t.c. .7)- class 5 L -7.: 5 1-1Phir-bfr-1-;.-_, 1005.9 kg, .3VIZi1 234.6 kg 9, WEtflopfab Z-c- it 4145.7 kg/ ha it, L, 209.2 kg, ffi;it. 1923.8 kg. Z-c:- no kg • etlit 69.6 kg r_ jct. , t co 1740 kg, --6EtEt 75 kg, 13 405 kg, WE -c vivv.Yr...t 6 29.3 kg A 7 7 — L "Ctt3ttEi7); :k < , Ao ttitffitil .11-#1105)-Ifib‘ c-,,‘,.i..7"-Vi L < t1;elb ; -% q3 Lt:, toMttRit, 269.7 kg L/jitx L 141 0 7 7 9 — PM.(7) 131M0C-i-,r_u 9 .K‘frE ii“D15(7)E2.r.t.. 6837.2 kg/ha {(.7-..j1 FLea--)-C, —•-fiF6NoDiAi•fiz.it-orDttLIR E it t.:.. L7) 45 --C L i) b75‘6 ,24b.‘6. 411-1Vs gf$11-_, < L-, ft aDJ: op 31 7 7 -L,A P ) COI it. -C < dZsV it. 4) 1000 ke ha t:_ < , ti Z u 6091 5) kg, ikA• (1) 4)0 498.4 kg t.- t, 0 L il60-6115 : Itr51,7-134-6 oRtitiffitA 6 6L471:-.11 Ramari a, Russlla, Cortinarius, Hydnurn, tea 0).0,13k-C,t t.:617: Tricholoma ts < 2, 3 opai.t± 1177-CIZ-D L. Ao ri i,=. 111-.1,=-S-i-M-1- Cenoccocum 0DMIN L 1), dstt < to), -p t.= ,6 30 • 46 Inn -Ak:RirD.tt, ht‘,/%111,t.:_c it, 6 iLi-,EL i Gos• 5 r_tz 6 0 Mya, Alva= at, . X e nn eoOr s Cao boides, Rup, Russia placita, Russia flava, Myp, fro Cif •Gor na Pura, Inpu, Inocybe pucita, Inn, Inocybe nanipe Xe • ry Los nr0 E-Ck 6. tit=6 -/-6. h Rhl p 10mx10m6D-t7ip 7 t- 6 LT1 10-b Tsc;:r -13 1-t. 0A :75% ft-t."11Mit 85 51, Stf-,t rz- 3321 R .Ph .7c op ti: /.1 •M aD 93$1tC, t 4.9 kg/ ha f 7`.c- Go s Chl 241 /5 ,, Loptci-:.M 03Tritt% Aitor)t.: ^5■Lip P.ph -De •• •h (7 ca Phm 4/fig? 41 • MYP ) 5 -t,2 41 fib.,f3PRfA, 37 11/5"1 .•"1.4 ui 2 :.elat-.1s(TA.s1 R u cc TM47)", 7 II-eit.Miffic ti R I :P 3.8 kg/ ha I :It. :R C> < MiRM0)47", De Vt 0DX-1- 0) b--Dt: a3■1Cantharellus cibar Gomphidius sztbroseus, Ramaria bobytis, R. fic PhIC67v 1AYP 42) X. r.z Russia nigricans, R. placita, R. flare --c-tn Hev up .Got = G a2. 3ns 3M1- 661, stRfAizil52,560 In; St " Hey Rhi 1N/far Ines 7).-,t,:75.s. j O LT it. Mycena a Rut alboides, Rhodophyllus sp., Xerompharina campa. lnpu jp la, illycena species t,cEb".fgE E L Corti Isipu t..0. 11A-t.:1-.:1 8 fi /5 44 41)57 All a 36f ..Gorb of 0 .1.nn Ao WiLlgt 4) oDcOt‘i IV fam 5..0 4 ,,YP (•)P1 t.:, L M4t, 17 ..Gor" r a) 5 ID, 74 .S31101 - TO Rai" torl It 6-411164-0k4t Attill 1 : 1 tz ,), 5 / Cat .Rup I. L t t.P fiVe 71-: tf/ttrii46:-\=A4:4:A-fT6-ffic-: rtg :::. 21 12, Raf, 1%4)1 - of Raf. =Gos Z.)to2PC.-.t.),:cottia;i1:1:1 Inp rf ;:--)k. .-My2V 6/.5% L oD 7 •-• 4):a t 1 3 °), ‘,114A■7_4.7)k, ±1.f_tt,%t Rup My 2 ;A:RA t op -6‘ El 6 mcr)fi-/M . H.J. ANDREWS W,4 7,Ac,-:.±1 4,-C 4)J Oregon, U.S.A. 1972. is= P - mob Mkiiir_A- 7(14A. t (Di 1972 5 /175.) t-C, 7-14 fitr: 6 0 /.1,11 0D -C4a) P -itds 30 x 30 m - 9- - ?VIZ Vi o) api).4 k, cD 0 3% Aftki\=1 it VA tr-. 75 s L L • 7) ;, 1 < ffit:A L, ®o)5 kagM ap fiqff it7cOgoDt_gnttia Tit— 47 11.4% tz SILL° -fil-F-121, , tat, s iz7IC L, 0,k,:27E-C 6 , -V3 ma. ,J,# . tti :L 5 5310 Lt r.. 3) 4) K-It #1L 2) -Cit-- #M11!P4t#ItitW, irtal 7V9 150 M viikomw #4 . ERR` P 7 Ail . tat4t11 ± /);0-tqt.cf311o)::-.4CE± M:a itAT.al.,--q.v7511m1111p-c-mm watt L#6,, IN lift $6. I), 10110 E., 3 r,175.49 {-k #12 MtLAX(053. 1fiiiI121 7 iLEALLA7 #IA 3- 4 m, I4ittVi 5-8 cm 31f4 r3 •Z ODMMVAL 14 1:2 -7 7 CO 4)0)0 --t 7 t •i7b;1014 bsiiA4411/34, ACC, 5310 <, I < tat F 754A cm Eb4irtiLE r7it b>, e tzLtz H ljecikt. A NoTeAaki E F Man ft p ,•70,-)11#1,-,:atatiL)(Lacomt, t op ffi#:-D-J;,1-1., A fflop_EV,4)X6D-F-citg -)2btze75rh230 1), tO IEM7J:-7 L754-,b‘6. 74 Fettlt.--Ct, • t.: ^51,:-_ to",c 7 W7Kblp,61-L, XtttrLit Vf%7YA 1) t =-Ni -..fa crp 5et.ftitLfftt fT1 7 t.PrisAiVezA 2 ir_7T-: L Tet tzgoattit DI 07 ozlItt i r i-D---ib4L 18 fliz:t t.c b, -, L. Z.- tat.--±440-yroiff;:ticg omr_.t t.:0 1) 4-40g tz3t±1- 6 IC/ 1969 $75 r.) 1971 3 4 -C. Vt"Eki L., 196911: 1970 (7)2a -C • • — — Flioi-Tttfttt-ti.ff P —0)t/E0) -7 FT cp Rt. t_Ltaa3tenttmt. 1:z-:-Lco • h La a) it C L 12131 L 11 • 2) ± /SIft±ltio3i-Z;IT-#KAIF sli: 1 • --0 ,;:gcrytg `.] 2 cm oD J; t-Ot1L, — • 3 — 1- PICD1m0)3Z,,a)---4MODA75,6 2 • 1-3 cm of? 7, t./13 — — lh +). • • • ••• Ptcis MtziloA±Ltt-Atirt,:±./0. • 17a ..tz, . 7 7 LI P\ 7C-7 yttt-144Lst.c, • 3) MItiI-DL -C it ; )", 0311 .42.tis p, • 1. — — FFx726tA410, 004 ., 1 ""•-"er.,....- • Sl \ , , 1..,/zo 2 -5h-eitt1115ittil . ritiZ 5 • op aTIS cp 53-figt!- ^Of,.:. 3 ,g)0113M. 4 II 7 ow z#kr_$:;VtL 03L(7353-/ff t11, W. 1969-1970. A 1--19: ±I Ittt 5)-NItligf4 PI-7c L, t.:0 aitattE. Ao 2 cm 1-.), 4) ,y I t#M cD ±.44tfhb‘b _E. Atg-,r275s ff9f it Ao 0-2 cm. 41:1 50 x 50 x 5 cm cr) 7 TWf5Z Lt.L L, 1C5,53--citnit4kg. t Wif-eb:: fs v:t —afff tr7 500 g op grgEJtc gagf6Mit. g p SI: } 9 -f 1- , Lh : • 3- , Rr : N P .70),:tfliaptI/Ei Sg:1- Mt.ttniiliAbscAPE/Sit-CtRoA-A-7- 1-7 7 .;# • 48 2. - - pkirRtLt.:Lnlot./it Marks Species name Number of Function and Mycelium in soil sporocarps substrate and color Habitat Mycorrhiza SI Suillus luteus 15 M Strand and rhizo- HA Ecto, fork morph, white. Sg Suillus granulatus 12 M Strand and rhizo- HA Ecto, fork morph, white. Lh Lactarius hatsudake 56 M Mat with strand, AC Ecto, fork and rc white and grey. Lf Lactarius flavidulus 6 M Mat with strand, AC Ecto, fork and ro grey. LI Laccaria laccata 102 SM Mat with strand, HA Ecto, fork and ro white. La Laccaria amethystina 46 SNI Mat with strand, HA Ecto, fork and ro( white. II Inocybe lacera — . ?. ? 7 Rr Rhizopogon rubescens 7 S11 Strand and rhizo- HA to C Ecto, fork morph, white. 1969 - 1970, MM .:1W •)fts. 4..V24 -itLA` M 1 r4.1.4. froltAntiEdjt-Dj3.„i-.)i-cfl tRffi, HA, AC, C ;,:t.±..110:A,(1, Mat : •i7I4:/c.2. Strand: f.friT.:1,vi licr)Rit Lf.ts-6446t, Rhizomorph Ecto : M-ft g tfl, Fork. rod: C44 54. 1,31). ?_1" ,;) t N;t 1970 6 ) ft r‘L 0 op = - - 1PkIIII-1 8 filf‘Rt.1.- opt.i?it! < fa -C 169, < 4) (7)753titt.c-6V6t:le--7 I-WD= P =-- ±ttA I.AWgiLXL131-, MR CD -IA 7 Wbk-tz Ea)Mtlibit7f-Mt.ii.. 6,, • 1Ittvre7t,•1.1zt.c #..,7sh‘--D d•IDa-) L fiF k-v -3 -V- , E vlf ±r-± E ,6) 5 izr±14 1;t;i7- 49 3/2 200 150 100 O O 50 0 Soil microbe F 6 A F BA Sampling point I 3 9 - is 9- I- V30±.iNattt oD4c9z , Al3A .::W 19 E 25 1970 P1N-11 7 oDA atb ,r,vffil- "CWV L. El8r_,`ZLt..tp /t-:-.-fli irFAI: .t hMtfo5314t...t.:. 9- 9 7, B, tztAM, A : x 102/g1t±.. TitcOr CL 0)1 5 t.c16 0);:,(z1.-:. otaL 3) %2,M00Attfit±41R±11431(Jrag40A i-)#1 6. r 31-1/2ztRITV-V. S T5 ,.-11.ff:osim, 7f 9 -f o)Jgj55e3T. 4C-14t, • 1.2 kg1m 2 z.ch. 5ThiPla itnt.c- , 9 - <, 9ri -t• 5 9- 10-20 7%z0) 774 3 bl < t.0 5}NTIA L—CLS■.• _t.:0 XtcoRiM;-1.3U%75,2ifiJt, 3toD(21 7 o) 1 b‘ r) 19 I-CoDA-CoDs:oDfet MLMM-, 1,7-1M tz 50 Colony number 6 L7J4-,6 t L, 500 1000 akEkt.c < , f.g1 10 1.7.5r-:Lt.:±4.Mt.t(0.1- -rD 5 z---ct±t1 tfoL Lai orelr_tif -(73 b‘75‘i-, I) 2 • Fungi X 10 , 1L±(7)1 5 p7_ 104t-c6hif, tkt6 0 llacteria X 10 41Actinosycetes X 103 taitMWLLCop fV)Itt.ttL ---- April or)b 4 ----- October Mt1t0M-ott, ttw 1),Mitt a)fl 1 Atilth 4)$#1{E-r z. 10 9 T. -7 .1 ilc o ±. tAtCla. ff If 4 A 1 ofiV) (?-74t.at.cii01;za)75,r9.2)..P-0.•.P, B, 10 P 25 El, 1970. C7 —I 5 gt-143.175 cDaitZL, Ati2a)Vt-e,. 107f: -C, L, H)]-t- .7.. Ea -t. --‹-0 0)WAtaL s_Eif6 Z: Lit T r Ig tec:- -(-: 11), 7, 1--CT,E,O-C it tit$ < antliVA El a) 5 t9, t_g , L < it. Mt i` ,IL t.c of 5)- 7 7 WL-C1±Iitelp-Ck,• 6, Ottt./E:a)47--..":14t.ttapa.-9±"-ci.:_eitL• W-g 6 orp r.1 to 6, S5:114119 6 ----Larger root, sore than 2 cm cn Fine root, less than 2 on Mycelia 141 SC BA E 11 .y 0DE116-1 t)Af 0)1 -, -iMt` 11 4 Ei, 1970 NH A: ttg Ef4f1. 272. 79-121 (1975) ±t107 t:53.-Ifit 6 2 optn 4,111 1 : M,tli3TC ( FT/ 114,. ) (1977) /1 I., L. Mf it 500 FOGEL, R., M. OGA\VA J.U. TRAPPE : US/ gifi g)±. b s 66taiL 1) IBP Biome Int. Rep. 135 (1974) L. OcA:preAl ok9,17. 7: )Trans. mycol. Soc. Japan (in 4:ffict./..1" < t.c Vz V.iibIttc-t 611V). c.) WARCUP, J.H. : Ann. Bot. XV, 305-317(1951) fiMa lPk<, 9i-latILLi3Lb—DL0 La)1 LAIHO, 0.: Acta For. Fennica 106, 5-67 5 t.c-tfia)l,b‘t:ktitt^. n17-L , A0 WA- (1970) BULLER, A.H.R.: Research on fungi, Vol Lb .., A, Ea) 40.,15fr--c-aVoopttloo 1-6 (1934) At sZ <11;41.-tz. MAsul, K.: Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. B. --,.zottiLig tic L aD1 53-153/.6L,M 11 a) III (2) 2: 149 (1927) 5 Z. . Ao tit ; 5 --4-7) tzt-_ ^756: HAMANIA, M . Jap. J. Bot., 10 : 387-463(1940) tg 5 cm t -eap tE/11-75 .4s t.cL ,0 :-..a)PA-crl A, Pjb"‘ Nil 4 : B -64 - - #431JAN (1974) VII 4 : Urban Kubota, No.14, 4-7 (1977) IR/J.4.Z:IL-7c0Dt-•A6 d •)11 4: it gi3M (F-ABIJ43 ) (1977) t.:0 OHARA, H : Proc. Japan Acad., 42, 5, 503- 5 /5‘ C7 10 cm t 506 (1966) 05Pff it-ffi ttla,7)53 AjL- < — tt $.6 +III 4 : B 21-V-1: k2r4Z, 84 CI, 114-116 MtilM0A,Yt- ffik b; 011-1r- stEl C < (1973)