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'Abd al-:Jabbar b. Al).mad Ba}:iranr, Yusuf b. AJ:imad al-, 290-91 al-Asadabadr, al-Qaq.r, 102, 103 BaJ:iusayn, Ya'qub b. 'Abd al-Wabhab 'Abd al-Ralµnan b. , 76 al-, 366 'Abd al-Razzaq al-$an'anr, 53, 57, 60, Bajr, Abu'l-Walrd Sulayman b. Khalaf 67, 95 al-, 126, 162, 164, 227 Abu 'Abd Allah al-Ba~rr, 109, 126 Balkhr, Abu Muti' al-, 222 Abu I:Ianifab al-Nu'man, 96, 117, 125, Balkhr, Zakanya' b. AJ:imad Abu 225, 370, 394, 425-26; on the ciddah Ya}:iya, 327 of an umm al-wala,d, 58; on neglect Baqillanr, al-QjiqI , 101, 104, of the witr prayer, 211; association 126, 247, 425 of, with the early Murji'ab, 217-18; Bayhaqf, Abu Bakr AJ:imad al-, 76 on the nature of faith (zmiin), 222; Bqyiin: as a central concept in Shafi'i's act classification of, 223; as an legal theory, 4 7-50, 129, 389-90, 415 authority figure in the context of Bazdawf, Abu'l-Yusr MuJ:iammad b. intra-I:Ianafi theological-legal MuJ:iammad, 217(?), 237, 238, 239, debates, 237, 241, 253, 263, 265; as 243, 250, 255 participant in inter-modhhab disputation, Bazdawi, Abu'l-'Usr ' b. 298-99, 301-04; doctrines of, given MuJ:iammad al-, 237, 238, 239, 244, a Shafi'i pedigree, 323-25 245, 246, 247 Abu'l-Hudhayl al-'Allaf, 261 Bukhari, 'Abd al-'Aziz b. AJ:imad al-, Abu'l-Hudhayl MuJ:iammad b. al-'Abdi, 24 7' 250, 262 111 Bravmann, M., 70-71 Abu'l-I:Iusayn al-Ba~rf, 189 Bumu, MuJ:iammad $idqi b. Al).mad Abu Marwan 'Abd al-Malik al-Sulamf al-, 366 al-Qurµibr, 105 Burton, John, 75, 77 Abu Mu~'ab Al).mad b. Ahr Bakr, 10. See also Mukh~ariit of Calder, Norman, 391, 392, 413; on Abu Talib Ya}:iya b. al-I:Iusayn, 108 the dating of early texts, 4-5, Abu Thawr, 76, 327 16, 53-54; on the epistemology of Abu 'Ubayd al-Qasim b. Sallam, 104, the Risiil,o,h, 27, 43-44, 389; on the 105, 392, 393: biographical sketch dating of the Risiil,o,h, 76--77, 93, 97 of, 77-78; his views on aspects of Coulson, Noel, 26, 391 abrogation, 81-91 Critical Legal Studies (CLS) Abu Yusuf, 54, 58, 60, 96, 241, 325 movement: historical sketch of, 181-85; Ajurrf, MuJ:iammad b. al-l:Iusayn al-, application to Islamic law, 185-94 110 Crone, Patricia, 4, 5, 28 Akhbiir, Shi'r, 267-73 'Allamab I:Iasan b. Yusuf al-I:Iillr, Dabbas, Abfi Tahir al-, 370-71 288-90 :i;>abbr, MuJ:iammad b. al-Mufaqqal Amidr, Sayf al-Din, 15, 164, 179, 193, Abu'l-Tayyib al-, 327 212, 293-97, 300, 306-09, 311-12, Dabusr, Abu Zayd al-, 224, 239, 245, 396, 398, 411, 414, 419, 420, 421 249, 259-60 An~arr, Ni~am al-Din MuJ:iammad al-, Dardir, Abu'l-Barakat Al).mad al-, 173 206 Da'ud b. Khalaf al-Zahirr, 100, 114, Aranf, Al).mad b. 'Ali al-, 329 132, 279, 327, 393, 397; probable Athiir: in Shafi'r's Risiil,o,h, 31, 32, author of an U!iil al-ji.qh work, 38-40 109-12

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Fart/. and wajib: l:lanaft and Shafi'! l:lanbalrs, l:lanbalr school (mo.dhhab): views positions on, 207-11; Shafi'! critique of, regarding fart/. and wiijib, 228-30; of the l:lanafi: position and l:lanaft influence on Shawkanf, 340, 346; defense, 212-14; Murji'r roots of contributions of, to qawa'id literature, l:lanaft position, 214-16; fart/. as 373; works of, on qawii'id, 381-82 cultic praxis linked to faith, 216-23 Harawf, Abii 'd al-, 370-71 Fish, Stanley, 180, 181, 410; see New I:Iattab, Mu}_iammad b. Mu}_iammad Legal Formalism al-, 174 "Four Sources" Theory of Law: as a standard interpretation of Shafi'f's lbn 'Abd al-Barr, 9, IO Risa/ah, 25-30; lack of evidence for, Ibn 'Abd al-Hadr, Yusuf, 373 in the Risa/ah, 31-40 lbn 'Abd al-l:lakam, 'Abd Allah, 10; Frank, Jerome, 181 see also Mukhtasariit of lbn 'Abd al-Salam, 'lzz al-Din, 372 Graf, L. I., 25 lbn 'Abd al-Shakiir, Mu}_iibb b. Allah "Grand Shaykh" Theory of Authority, al-Bihari, 251 17' 19-22, 385-89 lbn Ahr Du'ad al-'Iyadr, 106 Ghazal!, Abii l:lami.d Mu}_iammad al-, lbn Ahr I:Iatim, 76- 77, 96 210, 247, 257, 258 lbn Ahr Layla, Mu}_iammad b. 'Abd Ghaznawf, Siraj al-Drn Abu l:laf~ al-Ra}_iman, 67, 69 'Umar al-, 262 lbn Abi'l-Damm, Ibrahim b. 'Abd Allah, 329-30 Hadr ila'l-l:laqq Ya}_iya b. al-l:lusayn, Ibn Abr Shaybah, Abu Bakr, 53, 58, al-, 337-38 60, 67 Ifadfth, companion, 6, 11-14, 95 lbn Abr Ya'la, Abu'l-l:lusayn Jfadfth, Prophetic: in early Malik! Mul_iammad, 51 works, 6-7, 12-16, 18-21; in lbn al-Amir (Mu}_iammad b. lsma'fl Shafi'f's Risa/ah, 94-95; as a late al-Amir), 345, 347, 348 ninth century phenomenon, 97; role Ibn al-l:lajib, Abu 'Amr ', 101, of, in Malikr thinking about rahn, 162, 164, 179 168-70; issues pertaining to, in Ibn al-l:lumam, Mu}_iammad b. 'Abd Arnidf's f!zkiim, 302, 306; in the legal al-Wal_iid, 251 theory and program of Shawkanr, lbn al-lkhshrd, Abu Bakr A}_imad b. 339, 342-43, 345, 349, 352. See also 'Alf, 118 akhbar, Shi

Bernard G. Weiss - 9789047400851 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 01:36:11AM via free access INDEX 433 lbn I:Ianbal, A!Jmad, 52, 54, 77; Ijtihiid, 368-74 passim, 387, 401, 422, opinions of, compared with those of 426-27; as a topic of controversy other contemporary jurists, 57-60; discussed by lbn Da'ud al-?'.ahirf relationship of, to lbn Rahwayh, and other ninth century writers, 73-74; as a figure in inter-madhhab 100, 103, 105, 108-09, 112-13, disputations, 298-99; see also masa'il 117-20, 123-25, 127-28, 131-33, Ibn I:Iarbawayh, 'Alf b. al-l:Iusayn, 327 135, 154-58; as the basis of wajib, lbn I:Iarfwah (MuJ:iammad b. ~aliJ:i 213, 229; evaluation of, in l:Ianafi al-Samawf), 359-60 thought (&ukm al-ijtihiid), 239-4 7; in Ibn I:Iazm, Abu MuJ:iammad 'Alf b. lmami-Shi'f thought, 267, 274, 282, A!Jmad, 134, 227 289; in relation to takhrfj, 318, lbn Kajj, Yusuf b. A!Jmad, 328 320-21, 333-34; in the reformist lbn Khaldun, 99, 426 thinking of Shawkanf, 339-41, Ibn Khallad al-Ba~rf, 105 348-50, 361 Ibn Nujaym, Zayn al-'Abidfn b. 'Isa b. Aban, 136, 236, 241, 263 Ibrahim, 367-68 Istakhrf, Abu Sa'fd al-, 327 Ibn Qa<;l.!'l:Jabal, 373 Istihsiin, 100, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, Ibn Qa<;l.f Shuhbah, Taqf al-Din b. 122, 123, 124, 126, 132-35, 163, 164, A!Jmad, 329 171, 176, 195, 248, 249, 251, 311, lbn Qutaybah, 'Abd Allah b. Muslim; 312, 390, 399-400, 402, 406, 407 229, 392; biographical sketch, 80-81; views on aspects of abrogation, 81-91 jaJ:ii~, 'Amr b. BaJ:ir al-, 132, 135, 136; lbn Rahwayh, lsJ:iaq b. Ibrahim, place of, in the development of u~iil 51-74 passim al- Ibn Rajah, 'Abd al-RaJ:iman b. A!Jmad Ja~~a~, Abu Bakr al-, 101, 104, 116, 134 Zayn al-Din, 367 Jubba'f, Abu 'Alf al-, 136 lbn Rushd, MuJ:iammad b. A!Jmad, Jurf, 'Alf b. l:Iusayn al-, 328 163, 165-76, 177, 224, 399, 400, Jurjanf, Abii 'Abd Allah MuJ:iammad 404, 406-07, 424 al-, 241, 328 lbn Shabfb, MuJ:iammad, 219 Juwaynf, Imam al-I:Iaramayn al-, lbn Surayj, Abu'l-'Abbas, 423; role of, 128-29, 189, 191, 193, 196-99, 414 in the development of ~iil al-jiqh, Juynboll, G. H. A., 71, 88 102, 134-37, 394-95; as exponent of unlimited &adith, 112; relationship of, with Ibn Da'ud al-?'.ahirf, 114-33 Karabfsi, al-, l 02, 136, 137 Ibn Taymiyah, Taqf al-Din, 228, 330, Karajikf, Abu'l-Fatl) al-, 272-73 340 Karkhi, Abu al-l:Iasan al-, 104, 109, lbn Taymfyah, Majd al-Dfn, 322 135, 236, 241, 253, 265 lbn Wahb, 'Abd Allah al-FiJ:irf, 20 Kasanf, 'Ala' al-Din Abu Bakr Ikhtiliif ~iil al-madhahib (by al-Qa<;l.f Mul)ammad al-, 238, 246 al-Nu'man); translation of passages Kawsaj, lsJ:iaq b. Man~ur al-: compiler attributable to b. of Masa'il A&mad b. ljanbal and Da'ud, 138-58 interlocutor, 52-68 passim Ijmii' (consensus), 310, 370, 390-91, Kha~fb al-!, al-, 134 411, 41 7; as a topic of controversy Khiraqf, 'Umar b. al-l:Iusayn al-, 327 in ninth century works, 117-19, Khwarizmi, 'Abd Allah b. MuJ:iammad 127, 129, 131-33, 138; as a source al-, 328 of law in standard theory, 161, 163, 166; in Imamf-Shi'f thought, 281, Lamishf, Mui)ammad b. Zayd al-, 246 283-84, 288-89; in Shawkanf's Lecomte, Gerard, 80 thought, 337, 342-43, 346-47; in Legal formalism: as characteristic of later Shafi'l's Risalah, 25, 30, 31-33, classical ~ii! al-jiqh, 190-92; as a 37-38, 40-41, 44-45 perspective rejected by Shafi'f, 186-89

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Legal maxims of the Prophet: in the Mirdar, Abu Musa 'Isa al-, 105 responses of lbn Rahwayh, 68-70 Mudawwanah, al-, 175, 387-88, 425; Lowry, Joseph, 76, 77, 103 the problem of its dating in relation to the Muwaffa', 4-5, 16, 21-22 Madhahib ~aw schools): jiqh-related Mufid, al-Shaykh al-, 134, 272-73 differences between, 168-70; Mul_iammad b. Ibrahim al-Wazfr, 338 differences relating to far!/ and wajib, Mul_iaqqiq al-l;lilli Ja'far b. al-l;lasan 220-30. See also Jar¢ and wajib al-, 287-89, 291 Madelung, Wilfred, 236 Mul_iasibr, al-l;larith b. Asad al-, 392; Madinah, people of (ahl al-madinah), biographical sketch, 79-80; views on 17-18 aspects of abrogation, 81- 91 Mal}.biibi, ~adr al-Sharl'ah 'Ubayd Mukhtafarat, 385-87 Allah al-, 238, 260 Mukhtasarat of Abii Mus'ab and lbn Majishiin, 'Abd al-'Az1z b. 'Abd Allah, 'Abd al-l;lakam: thei~ organization al-: legal writings of recently of arguments compared with that of discovered, 9; his organization of other early Malik1s, 12-14 arguments comared to that of Mulla Khusrii, Mul_iammad b. others, 12-14 Qaramiiz, 210 Makdisi, George, 100, 101, 103, 187, Murtac;la, Al:imad b. Y al}.ya al-, 338 296, 411 Murtac;la, al-Sharif (or al-Sayyid) Malik b. Anas, 54, 125, 385, 387-88, al-, 134, 273-88 400-01; various views of, compared Mu'tazilism: influence of, among with view of lbn Rahwayn and l;lanafis at Baghdad, 235; association other early scholars, 4 7-61, 6 7, 69; of infallibilism with, 239-47; believed by Al:imad ibn l;lanbal to association of takfzefy al-'illah with, have based views on ra), 96; views 248-51; association of generalizing of, on issues related to rahn, 166, interpretation with, 252-5 7; 168, 171, 175; arbitrariness of, in association of the theory of setting up taxonomies, 177-78; dicta occasions with, 257-67 and authority of, 6-8, 14, 15-17; see Muwaffa', al-, 3, 10, 58, 60, 67, 69, also Muwatta' 164, 168, 405; dating of, in relation Malikls, Malik! school (madhhab), to the Mudawwanah, 4-5, 16, 21-22; 56-57, 162-65, 167, 169-70, different styles of legal argument in, 174-77, 179-80, 227-28, 244, 305, 6-8; organization of arguments 312, 327, 329, 369, 377-78, 385, compared to other early Malikl works, 393, 399, 400, 401, 404, 406 11-13; known to lbn Rahwayh, 54; Maqqari, Abii 'Abd Allah al-, 369 in the early development of Malikr Marghinanf, Burhan al-Drn al-, 329 legal theory, 386-88, 425. See also Marwazf, Abii Isl_iaq Ibrahim al-, 102, Malik b. Anas 116 Muzani, lbrahfm b. Yal}.ya al-, 97, Marwazi, 'Abd al-Ral}.man 10~ 327, 392, 425, 427 Mul_iammad Abu'l-Qasim al-, 328 Marwazi, l;lusayn b. Mul_iammad, 328 Nadwi, 'Alf Al:imad al-, 366 Masa'il Al;mad b. lfanbal: as a source Nasafi, Abu'l-Barakat 'Abd Allah for lbn Rahway's responses, 52 al-, 238, 246 Mas'iidi, Abu'l-l;lasan al-, 114, 115, -- Nasa:fi, Abu'l-Mu'In Maymun b. 116 Mul_iammad al-, 237, 255, 260-61, Maturidf, Abii Man~iir Mul_iammad 262, 263, 264 al-, 237, 242, 249, 254-55, 256, Nasafi, Abu Mutl' Makl_iiil b. al-Fac;ll 261-62, 263, 264 al-, 242 Maturidism, 242-43, 249, 254-57, Nasafi, Mul_iammad b. Al:imad al-, 264-65; spread of, among Central 116, 223 Asian l;lanafis, 236-38 Nasafi, Najm al-Din Abii l;laf~ al-, Meron, Ya'akov, 205 243, 247

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Na~rf, 'Uthman b. 'Abd al-Ral:iman applied in Kitiib al-umm, 72; most al-, 329 plausibly dated in the late ninth Na??am, Abu Isl:iaq Ibrahim al-, 107, century, 75-78, 82, 91-97; role of, 109, 136 in the development of UJill alfiqh as New Legal Formalism: description of, a problem, 101-05; mentioned by 194-96; as a way of understanding al-Qaqf al-Nu'man, 118; Juwaynf's the role of UJill alfiqh, 196-200 treatment of, 128-30; not the beginning of the UJUl alfiqh genre, Pellat, Charles, 106-07 13 7; conventional view of, 161; Practical reasoning: as a determinant considered as a non-formalist work, of the law, 178 186-91, 409-10; two types of duty in, 226. See also "Four Sources" Qa'anf, Man~ur b. Al:imad al-, 251 Theory of Law Qaqf al-f.Iusayn al-Marwarrudhf Rudolph, Ulrich, 236. al-, 371-72 Rustugh!anf, Abu'l-f.Iasan 'Alf al-, 243 Qaqf al-Nu'man, al-, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127, Sadlan, Salil:i b. Ghanim al-, 366 130, 131, 133, 134, 135; see also Sal:inun b. Sa'fd, 9, 16, 18, 175, 388, Ikhtilaf UJUl al-madhfihib 424, 426 Qaffiil al-Shashf, al-, 102 "Salvation History" theory of authority: Qarafi, Shihab al-Dfn al-, 162, 164, 4-6, 8, 11, 15-21, 386 179, 194, 372 Sam'anf, Abu'l-Mu??afar al-, 259 Qasim al-Man~iir b. Mul:iammad al-, 338 Samarqandf, Abu'l-Layth Na~r b. Qasim al-Rassf, al-, 337 Mul:iammad al-, 242 Q.gwii'id fiqhfyah: definition and scope Samarqandi, 'Ala' al-Dfn Mul:iammad of, 366-68; madhhab-specific vis-a-vis b. Al:imad al-, 238, 242, 246, 265 universal qawii'id fiqhfyah, 368-72; Sarakhsf, Abu Bakr Mul:iammad al-, sometimes referred to as UJUl alfiqh, 208, 214, 239, 249 368, 376 Saymarf, Abu 'Abd Allah f.Iusayn b. Q.gwii'id literature: considered as a 'Alf, 241 genre, 372-74; aspects of, 374, 76; Sayrafi, Abu Bakr al-, 101, 102, 130, bibliography of, 377-84 296 Q.gwii'id UJillfyah, 372, 376 Schacht, Joseph, 51, 76, 187, 366, Qiyiis: in Shafi'f's Risiilah, 25, 30, 424; and the "Four Sources" theory, 31-33, 36-38, 40, 44-45; Ibn 25-26; on the early uses of , Da'ud's view of, 111, 117, 118, 119, 54, 70-71, 73; as representing Shafi'! 120, 122, 127, 129, 131-33; diverse as champion of Prophetic ~adrth meanings of, 267-71; rejected by Shafi'r, al-, 60, 385, 386, 392, 396, Imams, 269; rejection by 414, 423, 426; influence of, on the al-Shaykh al-Mufid, 272-73, by use of sunnah, 70-74; biographical Sayyid Murtaqa, 273-86, by Ja'far sketch of, 76-77; views of on aspects al-Mul:iaqqiq, 187-88; position of of abrogation, 81-91; relationship of, 'Allamah on, 288-90. to the Mu'tazilah in regard to the Qur'an, 5; place of, in early Malik! general term, 254-55; doctrines of, legal argumentation, 7, 11, 16-18; attributed to others or vice versa, authority of in Shafi'f's Risiilah, 323-25; whether a proponent of a 25-28, 31-39, 43-49; examples hierarchy of sources, 388-91; see also from, used in discussion of abrogation "Four Sources" Theory; Risii!ah; Bayiin. issues, 81-91 Shafi'ls, Shafi'! school (madhhab), 244, Rasii'il: as a type of legal literature, 416. 262; compared wth Malikfs with Razf, Fakhr al-Din al-, 100, 164, 179, respect to interest of UJUl alfiqh 409 works in Juru', 164; positions of, Risiiwh, al-: lists of authorities in, concerning aspects of rahn, 167, 31-40; principles set forth in, 169-71, 173, 175; disputes of, with

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Hanafis regarding the distinction Tumani, Abu Mu'adh al-, 219 between fart! and wajib, 206, 209-13, Tuni, Mulla 'Abd Allah al-, 290 226; u,rul-related disagreements of, Tusi, al-Shaykh al-, 134, 273-74, 286 with the and other schools, 296-30 7; ~pecial interest in, reflected Usul al-jiqh, 79, 115, 121, 131, 221, in Amidi's Il;kam, 309-1 O; as . 235, 240, 241, 244, 250, 251, 255, practitioners of 323-25,. 329-30; takh_rij, 25 7 259, 262, 365, 367' 369; works of, on qawa'id, 379-81; influence as a post-formative genre, of, on Shawkani, 340 con~idered 3-4· Shafi'i not the inventor of, Shatibi, Abu lsl:iaq Ibrahim al-, 368 23-24, 76; importance of, 99-100; Shawkani Muhammad b. 'Ali al-: the beginning and early development of, 339, 340; intellec~ual f~rmation of 100-04· character of, as a literary traditionalist-literalist bent of, 396-98; ninth century 340-43· view of on ijma' abd , g~nre, 104~06, works in, 106-13; al-Qac.ll al-Nu'man's 343-46: insistance of, upon basing Ikhtilaf UJul al-madhahib as a response .faru' on UJul, 346-48; views of, on to Sunni works on, 116-18; Shafi'i's the renewal of and rejection of Risalah in relation to, 128-30; taqlfd, 348-53; educational program structure of ninth century works in, of, 353-59; clash with Zaydi-I;ladawi 132-33; whether founded in the school, 359-61 ninth or tentury century A.H., Shaybani, Mul:iammad al-, 54, 57, 62, 134-37, 393-96; irrelevance of, to llO, 134, 236, 241, 325 jiqh issues pertaining to r~hn, 165-75; Shirazi, Abu lsl:iaq al-, 331-2, 395 conventional view regarding Subki, Taj al-Din al-, 51, 101, 367 . development and role of, 161-64; as Sunnah of the Prophet: in early Maliki seen from the standpoint of works, 11, 17, 21; authority of, in contemporary critical theory, Shafi'i's Risalah, 25-28, 31-39, 177-181; considered as a kind of 43-49· in the responses of lbn Legal Formalism, 182-86, 191-94 as 59-62, 68-70; in relation Rahw~yh, a means of validating rather than to the Qur'an as a basis for determining the law, 196-200; New abrogation, 84-88 Sunnah of the Companions: in the Legal Formalism as a new ~~Y of looking at, 194-96; and qawa id, responses of Ibn Rahwayh, 62-68. 368, 372, 376; research on, dominated Sunnah (the term): diverse usages of, m by interest in Shafi'i and I;Ianbali the responses of lbn Rahwayh, 55-70 works, 205-06, 231; close relationship Suylitf, Jabil al-Din al-, 369 of, to theology, 238, 263-_65; qiyas as a topic in Shi'i works m, Tabari, Abu Ja'far Mul:iammad al~, 267-90; madhhab differences on 116, 123-24, 132-37; place of, m issues in, 293-313; as an activity of the history of u,rul al-jiqh, 112-13 the mujtahid, 318, 334; in the Taftazani, Sa'd al-Din Mas'ud b. reformist program of Shawkani, 337, 'Umar al-, 179 340, 348, 361; function of, especially Tal:iawi, Al:imad b. Mul:iammad al-, in relation to .faru', 398-420; typol• 110 ogy of, 420-21; study of after study Takhrij: defined, 320; two types of, of .faru' at al-Azhar, 421 321-23; as practiced by lbn al-Qa~~ and lbn Surar.j, 323-25; major practitioners of, 326-29; the Shafi'i Van Ess, Josef, 107, 236 school as the most prolific in, 329-30; rationalization of, 330-33; Wqjib and fart!: see Fart! and wajib as part of madhhab formation, 422-26 Wansbrough, John, 4, 5, 6-8, 15, 19 Tanukhi Abu Tahir b. Bashir, 328 Wansharisf, Abu'l-'Abbas Al:imad b. Tufi, NaJm al-Din al-, 332-33, 329, 373 Yal:iya al-, 367

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Wuful ilii ma'rifat al-Uful, al-: mentioned Z:ahirfs, Z:ahirf school (madhhab), 100, by Mas'udf and Yaqut as a work of 109, 120, 123, 127, 128, 133, lbn Da'ud, 115-16; excerpts from, 279-80, 311, 347, 393, 394, 395, found in Ikhtiliif UfUl al-madhiihib, 401, 419 11 7-21; abridged vs. verbatim Zarkashf, Badr al-Din al-, 101 excerpts, 121-22; probable content Zaydi-J:Iadawf school (madhhab): historical of introduction to, 123; references sketch of, 337-39; opposition of, to to, in various works, 124-26; Shawkanf's reformism, 359-61 criticisms of Shafi'! in, 128-30. Zurqanf, 'Abd al-Baqf al-, 367

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