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Distribution and Possible Paleoecological Significance Of HOTTINGER ET AL. -ROTALIID FORAMINIFERS 33 marginalonly on one or both sides of the test or complete. The septal Umbilicalbowl. -A deep, wide or narrowconical space in axial po- flap may extend into a umbilical plate, a foramenalplate, a bipartitor, sition formed between inner umbilical chamber walls, wherever the a cover plate, or a toothplate. [Pariesproximus, pars auct.] latterare separatedfrom the outer umbilicalwalls by a distinct edge or Supplementaryapperture(s). -Primarily formed openings either in shoulder; may communicate with a true open umbilicus or may be aperturalface ("aperturalpores") or (slit-like)in suturalposition, always closed by an umbilicalplug. [Pseudoumbilicus,pars auct.] in additionto a main cameralaperture. Sutural supplementary apertures Umbilicalplate. -A more or less contorted plate-like test element, are not convertedinto intercameralforamina because of their position extending between distal and proximal chamber walls and joined to and thus do not serve for passage of functional endoplasm between both, attachedto the intercameralforamen and to the main aperture, chambers.The same seems to be true of multiple supplementaryap- but not protrudinginto the latter. Separatesthe main chamberlumen ertures,which, althoughsituated in the septum,may be absentin earlier from a primary spiral umbilical canal, produced between plate and chambersand may be pluggedin partat a subsequentinstar. [Secondary adjacentcoil or by foliar chamberlets,or from stellarchamberlets. Be- aperture(s),pars. auct.] tween plate and adjacentcoil or within the plate itself an openingpro- Toothplate.-A contorted plate runningfrom an intercameralfora- vides connection between chamber and foliar or stellar chamberlet, men to an aperture,attached to both. Folded in a single, double, or whereverpresent. This openingmay remainopen in all chambersor it spiral fold. Folds (or tongues)with free, often serrateddistal ends and may be "plugged"in all but the ultimate chamberby a sealing plate. distally protrudinginto the aperture.A toothplate separatespartly or An umbilical plate may be single or composed of two symmetrical entirelythe main chamberlumen from an axial space (adaperturalde- branches in some planispiralgenera, thereby producing one or two pression)in post-embryonicstages. Interconnected toothplates produce spiralumbilical canals between plate and adjacentcoil. [Foramenalplate; a primarycanal. In contrastto an umbilicalplate, the toothplateis never umbilicalflap; murus reflectus; toothplate; paries proximus; pars auct.] associatedwith a foliar or stellarchamberlet and it does protrudewith a free edge distally and adaxiallyto the aperture.[Sipho-central pillar, pars auct.] J. Paleont., 65(1), 1991, pp. 33-37 Copyright? 1991, The PaleontologicalSociety 0022-3360/91/0065-0033$03.00 DISTRIBUTION AND POSSIBLEPALEOECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCEOF ANNECTINA VIRIOSA,A NEW SPECIESOF AGGLUTINATED FORAMINIFERA FROM NONMARINE SALT PONDS IN MANITOBA R. TIMOTHY PATTERSON ANDW. BRIAN McKILLOP Ottawa-CarletonGeoscience Center and Departmentof EarthSciences, Carleton University, Ottawa,Ontario KIS 5B6, Canadaand ManitobaMuseum of Man and Nature, 190 RupertAvenue, Winnipeg,Manitoba R3B ON2, Canada AnsTRAcr-Annectinaviriosa, a new species of Ammodiscidae(Foraminiferida), is describedfrom Recent brackishponds on a salt flat adjacentto LakeWinnipegosis, Manitoba. Colonization of the ponds was probablyby avian transport.The distinct morphotype is either the result of an allopatricspeciation event within the last 5,000 years or it is a previouslyundescribed species of shallow- waterAnnectina from nearbyHudson Bay. It is also possible that recoveredspecimens are previouslyunrecognized ecophenotypic variantsof some knownspecies produced by unknownhostile environmental factors within the pondecosystem. The latterhypothesis is difficultto test without extensive biologicalculturing. The largenumber of phenotypicallystable specimensliving in these ponds warrantsrecognition of these populationsas a distinct taxon. INTRODUCTION of Lake Winnipegosis (Figures 1, 2; Patterson et al., 1990). URING A distributional analysis of nonmarine foraminifera Annectina is a comparatively rare genus-it has previously only D from salt ponds of the Lake Winnipegosis region of Man- been observed in Paleocene sediments from central Asiatic USSR itoba, a species of Annectina Suleymanov, 1963, was observed and from Holocene deposits in Australia--and has never been that was not referable to any previously described species (Pat- reported from marsh environments, although the closely related terson et al., in press). The foraminiferal fauna at most sampled genus Glomospira Rzehak, 1885, has occasionally been reported Lake Winnipegosis localities was dominated by Jadammina from estuarine environments (Scott et al., 1980). The tolerance macrescens with lesser numbers of Polysaccammina ipohalina. of this latter genus to low-salinity estuarine environments may This fauna is very similar to those found in marshes that border explain the tolerance of Annectina specimens for the brackish Hudson Bay and James Bay (Patterson et al., 1990; Scott and water (17.00-20.72%o) characterizing the ponds at the Lake Win- Martini, 1982). Numerous previous reports attribute the estab- nipegosis locality. lishment of foraminiferal faunas in the Lake Winnipegosis re- gion to avian transport (Resig, 1974; Cann and De Deckker, METHODSAND MATERIALS 1981; Patterson, 1987; Patterson et al., 1990). Foraminifera were examined from a brackish pond on a salt Difficult to explain, however, is the enigmatic occurrence of flat 4 km north of the intersection of Manitoba Provincial High- an Annectina sp. dominated fauna in brackish ponds just west ways No. 20 and No. 271 (Figure 1). This locality consists of a This content downloaded on Sun, 10 Mar 2013 22:08:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 34 JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, V. 65, NO. 1, 1991 101000.0' 100000.0' TABLE1--Percent abundance of foraminiferaand arcellaceansfrom a brackishpond near Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba; L = living,T = totalpopulation; SF = saltflat environment. Sample May88 Sep 88 Jul 89 53000.0' Lake53000.0 Salinity 17.00 20.72 - pH 8.2 8.0 - Watertemperature (0C) 23.0 16.0 - Environment SF SF SF No. of species 4 3 1 Numberof individuals/10cc L 0 11 0 T 27 120 24 Arcellaceans D. protaeiformis L T 4.0 Foraminifera A. viriosa L 8.3 Hudson T 74.0 47.5 100.0 Bay P. ipohalina L Manitoba T 1.7 J. macrescens L T 18.0 41.7 stu y J. macrescens L T 4.0 A. innipeg (polystomaphenotype) 52000.0' 52000.0' Annectina viriosa (Table 1). Physicochemicalparameters, such as water temper- Sample Locality ature and pH, were measuredat the time of collection. Water salinity was calculatedfrom chlorinitymeasurements using the km equation (Stricklandand Parsons, 1968): 0 10 20 30 40 50 Winnipegosis salinity (%o)= 0.030 + 1.8050 x chlorinity (%o). I I I I I Bufferedformalin (7.5 percentwith borax added to bufferthe 101000.0' 100000.0' solution)was initiallyadded to the biologicalsamples to prevent decay. In the laboratory,rose Bengal stain (a few grains) was FIouRE1--Location map of LakeWinnipegosis, Manitoba, showing Annectinaviriosa type locality. added to the samplesto detect specimensof foraminiferaliving at the time of collection. After several hours the samples were rinsed to remove excess stain. Samples were then sieved using seriesof interconnectedshallow ponds (3-7.5 cm deep) partially a 35-mesh Tyler (500 Mm)screen to retain coarse organic ma- separatedby a numberof low hummocks(Figure 2). The entire terial and a 230-mesh Tyler (63 Mm)screen to retain the arcel- area covered by ponds is about 20,000 m2. One of the larger laceans and foraminifera.Scanning electron micrographswere ponds at this locality, whereall sampleswere collected,is about taken using the CambridgeStero-Scan 90 scanningelectron mi- 20 m long by 6 m wide (120 m2). This locality coincides with croscope located at the Geological Survey of Canada,Vancou- Sample Station 6 of Patterson et al. (1990). Samples analyzed ver, British Columbia, using Polaroid NP 55 film. for this report were collected from this sample station three times: 27 May 1988; 27 September 1988; and 11 July 1989 DISCUSSION Three hypothesespossibly explain the presenceof this distinct phenotype of Annectinain the Lake Winnipegosisregion: 1) An allopatric speciation event occurred in these ponds following the establishment of a small founder population. A good argumentcan be made for recognitionof this population as a separatespecies. This phenotypeis so distinct that it is not obviously referableto any known species,and a largepopulation (101 specimens)was recovered.This populationis characterized by a very stable phenotype (displayinglittle morphologicvari- ation) and many living specimens, indicating that the species has probably been at this locality for many generations.This also suggeststhat the species is very hardyand capable of with- standing salinity shifts and the desiccation events that occa- sionally occurin most salt pond environments.The ponds from which Annectina specimens were recovered, however, shrink slightlyduring drought conditions but have never been observed to dry completely. In winter these ponds do not freeze com- pletely but become slushy. Cann and De Deckker(1981) iden- tified species of trochamminidand elphidid foraminiferafrom FiGURE2-Annectina viriosa n. sp. typelocality, with numerous inter- ephemeral lakes in southwest Australia that could withstand connectedsmall ponds. both salinity shifts
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