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FALK'S DICTIONARY OF CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS

CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Comprehensive vocabulary for techniques, training methods, applications, weapons, routines, styles, sayings and phrases relevant to the theory, practice, and study of the modern and traditional martial arts! of China, plus many representative zhaofa. Also contains vocabulary helpful in reading martial arts reference books – anatomical terms, dynastic dates, historical, literary, and folklore references, military stratagem, and traditional Chinese medical terminology.

Compiled and translated by Andrea Mary Falk

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All right reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly work.

First printing: 2019. Published by tgl books, Québec, Canada.

ISBN 978-0-9879028-7-0 This ISBN is for the PDF edition. The dictionary is also available as hard cover, deluxe soft cover, and compact soft cover.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Canadian CIP data is no longer done ahead of publication time for small publishers such as tgl books. The library number is assigned after legal deposit of the published book.

The techniques described in this book are intended for experienced martial artists. The author, translator, and publisher are not responsible for any injury that may occur while trying out these techniques. Please do not apply these techniques on anyone without their consent and cooperation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...... vi Acknowledgements ...... vii Notes on Using the Dictionary ...... viii

Character Index by Pinyin order ...... 1

Dictionary in Pinyin Order !i to ào 13 15 ! "! b! to bù! !##########################################################################################################################! ! 35 ! $! c! to cuò! !##########################################################################################################################! ! 52 ! %! d! to duò! !##########################################################################################################################! ! 73 ! &! é to èr ! !##########################################################################################################################! ! 76 ! '! f! to fù! !##########################################################################################################################! ! 88 ! (! g"i to g!uò !##########################################################################################################################! ! 100 ! )! h! to huò ! !##########################################################################################################################! ! 118 ! *! j# to j$n ! !########################################################################################################################! ! 138 ! +! k! to ku!ò !########################################################################################################################! ! 144 ! ,! l! to luò ! !########################################################################################################################! ! 161 ! -! m! to m!ù !########################################################################################################################! ! 168 ! .! ná to nuó! !########################################################################################################################! ! 175 ! /! o ! !########################################################################################################################! ! 176 ! 0! p! to p% !########################################################################################################################! ! 185 ! 1! q# to qún! !########################################################################################################################! ! 198 ! 2! rán to rùn! !########################################################################################################################! ! 202 ! 3! s! to su& ! !########################################################################################################################! ! 233 ! 4! t! to tu& ! !########################################################################################################################! ! 253 ! 5! w! to wù! !########################################################################################################################! ! 263 ! 6! x# to xùn! !########################################################################################################################! ! ! 7! y! to yùn! !########################################################################################################################! ! 300 ! 8! zá to zuò! !#######################################################################################################################!9:;! !

Notes on Looking up by Stroke Order ...... 341 Radical Index for Stroke Order Lookup ...... 342 Character Index by Stroke Order ...... 343

Pronunciation Guide for Chinese Pinyin ...... 354

! ! INTRODUCTION

If you don’t know what zhaofa means, but would like to, then you’ve picked up the right book. This is a comprehensive dictionary of Chinese martial arts terminology, with character lookup in Pinyin order from !i to zuò, Radical order from .to ۖ, and Stroke order from to র Chinese martial arts terms use characters, words, and phrases that have meanings specific to martial artists. Sometimes, because of the oral transmission of so much of martial arts knowledge, characters are changed slightly or invented to suit the meaning of a word that everyone knew. For instance, changing the hand radical to a foot radical to indicate a technique done with the leg is much like an action normally done with the arm. This is part of what makes translating martial arts materials so much fun, and such a specialised profession. Trying to translate with only the use of a standard dictionary takes a lot of experience in the martial arts in addition to knowledge of Chinese – the martial meanings, and sometimes the characters themselves, are not there. The primary purpose of this dictionary is to give the martial arts meanings of the characters a reader will come across in a manual. A secondary purpose is to give the reader words that constantly occur in martial writings, but you can never remember, so have to look up again, like acupuncture points and dates of dynasties. This dictionary is the culmination of almost fifty years of martial arts and language study. I started studying Chinese at the University of Victoria in about 1972, the same time I started training kungfu, and moved to Vancouver to be able to major in Chinese at the University of British Columbia and train kungfu with an excellent instructor. The Chinese course was an intensive course of modern Chinese with the practical vocabulary of the Cultural Revolution. We read newspapers, memorized Mao's speeches, and couldn't order a meal to save our lives. Fortunately, I also studied classical Chinese, which seemed a world unto itself, but turned out to be essential to the martial arts. I won a national scholarship to China, arriving in 1980, and immediately applied to the Beijing Sports University to major in wushu. The Chinese language course there consisted of my reading the wushu textbook out loud to the teacher, asking any time there was something I didn't understand. Since the only characters I couldn’t read were specialised vocabulary, and he wasn't a wushu specialist, the course lasted about two weeks. From then on, my Chinese studies consisted of training, listening, reading, asking, and making notes. My notes collected on scraps of paper and in notebooks, and years later started moving into my computer. Eventually I printed an unofficial edition of my dictionary in 2012. In this first official edition I have added a great deal more words and phrases, corrected the errors that my friends and I found in the earlier edition, and formatted as a normal Chinese dictionary, especially adding the indices to help find the characters, and a lot of cross referencing. Most of the contents are practical words – stances, strikes, kicks, controls, and throws – but there are also many words and phrases necessary to be able to read and understand a book about the martial arts. This is not just a list of words useful to me in my normal translations, or from books on my shelves. Once I decided to publish a proper dictionary I spent years working on making it as complete as possible. I made a concerted effort to find books on as many styles as possible, and spent a lot of time in the libraries in Beijing and Shanghai, learning quite a lot more as I compiled the dictionary. This is not an encyclopedia. I do not attempt to explain why things are called the way there are or to explain the meanings. This dictionary is a tool to allow you to quickly access the words you need for your own research. I tried to define words and phrases without commentary, and with a relatively casual language, so that martial artists can enjoy and interpret for themselves. A few personal remarks slipped in, just to remind you that it is just a martial artist, not a learned committee, who has written this dictionary. Another purpose of the dictionary is to gather together the imaginatively named zhaofa – moves – because of the playfulness and creativity that they show. There are too many to put them all in. They are like a secret code for each style – without having learned the move, the name only hints at the movement possibilities. During my research I found the first martial arts book I ever bought, on the tiger and crane routine that probably everybody learned at some point. Back then I had to look up Every. Single. Character. I put the entire routine in the dictionary, because it brought back to me the fun of the thing just for itself. I hope that this dictionary will lighten the work of the next generation of translators. At the very least, it will cause less eye strain. I put the characters in a square, unpretty but functional font that has very clear strokes, and made them all large. I also hope that anyone who wants to know more about the Chinese martial arts will enjoy flipping through the pages. Please take the time to wander through related phrases when you’ve looked something up. Sometimes unexpected treasures and new understandings are there waiting for you. I particularly like it when a character has clearly been written down and passed on wrong because it sounded like something else.

I’ve tried not to have any mistakes, but that is not possible, especially given the complexity of a dictionary. I know that there are words left out, especially for the names of moves, routines, and styles – the infinite variety made it impossible to include them all. As I find new words or make corrections, I will post a PDF addenda to the website www.thewushucentre.ca. Andrea Mary Falk Québec, Canada July, 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Neil Bates in Basingstoke for encouraging me to soldier on and for finding mistakes and omissions that snuck through my net during the proof-reading process. Thanks to James Saper, who yet again explained TCM terminology to me. Thanks also to Byron Jacobs in Beijing for having a look at my work in progress. And many thanks to Di Guoyong, for sharing his love of words with me over the years. Even for the word lá, which I found in his handwriting in the border of a Xingyiquan book after the ‘final’ dictionary proof had been printed.

And of course, infinite thanks to all my teachers for all the moves and words.

My favourite word in the dictionary is d"u. During my trip to Beijing in October 2018, when I thought I was almost done with word collection, in a training session with Lu Yan, she, in complete innocence, said, ‘zhècì lánqi!ng yào d"u’, doing a cool sneak kick. Just as my skills will never be perfect, and I will never know all the techniques out there, I will have mistakes and omissions in the dictionary, but it is still worth while to have a go.

Andrea Mary Falk Québec, Canada July, 2019

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vii NOTES ON USING THE DICTIONARY

The order of the dictionary is by pronunciation, written in pinyin. The secondary order is determined thusly: The alphabetical order of pinyin goes by full syllable, as they represent characters. For instance, the phrase y#n jìn luò k"ng comes before y#n j#ng because jin comes before jing, not jing before jin luo. For clarity, I have kept the pinyin syllables separate, as the characters are written. Normally pinyin is written in the appropriate full words, often linked. The tones are called ‘first, second, third, and fourth', so first tone j$n comes first in order, then second tone jín, then third tone j#n, and finally fourth tone jìn. When the pronunciation is the same, the order is by radical (see the radical chart). When the pronunciation and the radical are the same, then the order is by number of strokes, less coming before more. When looking up from written material, and if you do not know the pronunciation of the character you see in writing, look it up using the Radical Order or Stroke Order in the back. Refer to the Character Indices by Radical Order or by Stroke Order. You need some familiarity with how to write characters in order to look them up. Use either the radical plus stroke order, or the total stroke order. To look up by Radical Order, look up the number of the radical first, then go to the radical and look up by stroke order. When the number of strokes is the same, then the list is in pinyin order. To look up by Stroke Order, use the stroke order table and count out the strokes. When the number of strokes is the same, the list is in radical order, then pinyin order. Even if you are new to Chinese characters, although looking them up takes a few steps, you soon get to know the radicals quite well and each step can be quickly done. This method is standard in Chinese to English dictionaries. The dictionary includes both traditional and simplified characters. Within the pinyin index and main dictionary, the order is by the traditional characters, so they are listed first and the simplified characters follow. In the main dictionary, if the simplified differs from the traditional, it follows in square brackets, like this Ş [ ŝ ]. The multi-character words and phrases are in simplified characters. Within the Character Indices, where there are two characters for one word, the traditional is first, followed by the simplified. When looking up in the Radical Order or Stroke Order Indices at the back, each character is included by its own radical and stroke order. The simplified characters are placed with the proper radical that makes most sense, I did not use the over-simplified radicals that were used for a while in China. The final reference that I chose to confirm radical identification, number of strokes, and correspondence of simplified to traditional characters is the Far East Chinese-English Dictionary, Beijing, 1995. It is one of the few dictionaries to contain both simplified and traditional characters. It does not meld them to the extent that I have – I suspect I am the first to try to treat them equally. There about a dozen characters that cannot be written by the computer input keyboard. I inputted them in separate parts, then condensed the parts together. They look a bit disjointed, like this ૑ࡍ . Further help in looking up characters is in the Notes on Looking up Characters, just before each of the Radical and Stroke order Indices. Abbreviations and short cuts used: TCM refers to Traditional Chinese Medicine. When cross referencing, the character is not written out when there are more than one or two repetitions of the character, a hyphen stands in for the repeated cross-referenced character. For example, “For techniques specific to the palms, see also under àn zh%ng, b%i-, b!n-, bào lián-, bào qiú-, bào y$ng-…” 'From' means that a name or term is likely to be seen in written texts of that style. The name or term may certainly be used in other styles. Where no attribution is given, the name or term is commonly used. When an application is used to help describe a move, it is only one of many possibilities.

viii CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

b"o ŷ ŷ 23 bi"o Ý Ý 30 cèng ܡ ܡ 37 37 ܗ ܗ !ch 30 ہ ہ 'Č č 23 bi ݇ ݇ ! ! ! ! ! ! !i 13 bào ǁ ǌ 23 É È 30 ੦ ੦ 38 "!======!"! ! bié! ! ! ! "i ފ ފ 13 Ƈ Ƈ 23 छ छ Ԭ Ԭ 38 ! ! ! ! 30 Þ Þ Ρ Ρ 25 ! ! ! ȕ ȕ !n 13 biè ࡸ È 30 chá 38 ! ! ͇ ͇ ! ! ͻ ͻ 13 25 ৘ ৙ ׬ ׬ 39 àn! ! bìn 30 ch!!i ! ! Ϛ Ϛ ۟ ۟ 25 13 ! ࣌ ࣍ 30 ch!n ओ औ 39 ! b'i ੱ ੱ 25 ! ! ! ! !o ߣ ߣ 14 ! ੯ ੯ 30 ެ ޫ 39 ! !b#ng chán ۬ ۬ ! स स 25 ! 39 ي ً ào 14 ! ! b)ng ࣏ ࣏ 30 ! b(i Ƕ Ƕ 25 ! ! ! ! ࢮ ࢮ 31 ch"n ࡧ ࡞ 40 ! ɽ ɽ 26 ! ! ! bèi! ࣅ ࣅ 31 ࣣ ࣡ 40 ! ! b'n Ѯઇ Ѯ 26 ! ʰ݀ઓ ł ࣂ ࣂ b! ʉ ʉ ! 15 ! ! bìng 31 cháng 40 27 ! ! $˚!== =====˚!$ 16 b(n! b* ݌ ݍ 31 Ԡ Ը 40 ! ! ! ! ! ਖ ਝ 40 31 ڱ ڰ ݴ ݴ 16 bèn ड़ө ड़ө 27 ! ! ! ! ! Ж Ж ® 40 27 ة ة ׁ ׁ ! bá 17 b'ng!!!!! ! 32 ! ! ! ê ë ੢ ੢ 27 bó ݹ ݹ 32 ch"ng 41 17 ¹ ¹ b"! ! ! ! ! ࠯ઙ ࠮ 27 ո ո 32 ԉ Ԉ 41 ޿ ߀ 17 chàng! ! ! ! ޕ ޕ ! ! 41 ۾ ۾ ࣰ ࣰ 17 bèng 27 ৼ ਁ 32 ch!o ! ! ! ! ੟ ੟ 17 b# Ф੍ Ф 27 b& ॷ ॷ 32 ࢾ ࢽ 41 bà ! ! ! ! ! ં¹ ¹ 17 bí Է Է 27 b% ͨ ͩ 32 đ đ 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ॼ ॼ 17 ॔ ॔ 27 32 cháo Ѝ Ѝ 41 b)! ! bù! ! ! Կ Կ 17 ѩ ѩ 28 Ɍ Ɍ 33 ch' ² ³ 42 ࡯ ࡯ ! ! ! ! ! ! 42 ڻ b!i 18 Ù Ù 28 Ǯ Ǯ 33 ch( ੸ ! ! ! ! bái í í 18 bì ࣈ ࣈ 28 Ԣ ԣ 42 ! ! ! chè! ! থ থ 42 28 ڕ ڕ Ю Э 20 b"i! ! ! Ҟ Ҟ 28 ! ! Ʈ Ʈ 20 c! ϼ ϼ ! 35 މ މ 42 ! ! ਯ ਴ 28 ! bài ͤ ͥ 21 %،!==== ===،!% 35 ch'n ੫ ঐ 42 ! ҽ Ҿ cái! ! ! ࢓ ࢓ 28 Д Д b!n 21 ! c"i ӑ Ѹ 35 chén 42 ! bi!n Ӏ ӊ 28 ! ! ! ! ɹ 35 ͳ ͳ 42 ু ! 21 ְ ְ ! ! ! ! 28 ٨ ٨ ! b"n ̙ ̙ 22 ! ! ؈ ؈ 35 ߆ ߆ 43 ŏ Ř 28 ! ƛ ƛ ! Ҍ ҍ 43 bàn 22 ! ߙ ߙ cài ܼ ܼ 35 ! 29 ! ! ̃ ̄ Ǩ ǩ 36 chèn 43 ! 22 ֳ ֳ ! bi"n ॽ ॽ 29 c!n! ! ! ߏ ߎ 22 ! ׯ ׯ 43 ދ ދ cán ѽ Ѿ 36 ! ! 29 ! ! ӥ Ӥ b!ng Ƞ ȡ 22 ! ! ch'ng 43 biàn ਲ ਲ 29 c!ng ջ ռ 36 ! ؞ ؞ 23 ! ! ! ̃ ̄ 43 b"ng! è ç 29 cáng ̹ ̹ 36 ! ! ! ! ! ! chéng դ դ 43 bàng ʬ ʬ 23 ਚ ਚ ϰ ϰ ! ! ! bi!o 29 c!o 36 W W Ÿ Ÿ ! ! ! 43 ! ! b!o 23 ʃ ʜ 29 ؒ ؓ 36 ! ! ! cè ! ! Β Β 43 Ә Ә 23 ࢵ ࢴ 30 ҝ ҝ ! ! ! 37 ch# p p 44 ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 ! ! ! CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

଒ ଒ 44 cu!n ध न 49 dáo ਛ ਛ 60 d)ng ̼ ̻ 67 chí Ɓ Ɓ 44 πઁ ρ 49 ʑ ʑ 60 ܜ ܜ 67 ! cuán! ! d"o! ! ! ! Ӣ ӣ 44 ࢚ ࢛ 49 ˋ ˌ 60 dìng µ µ 68 ! ! cuàn! ! ! ! ! ঳ ল 68 60 ڬ ڮ 44 ڝ ڜ cu# ֋ ֋ 50 ! ! ! ! ! ׫ ׫ ! ch) 44 ޵ ޵ dào ʑ ʑ 60 di$ α ΰ 68 ! 50 ! ! l l 61 Ė ė ! ! 44 م ض ! ! cuì ՛ ՛ 50 d*ng 68 એ એ 44 ! ! ! ! ! chì ʓ ʓ dé 5 5 61 Ƹ Ƹ 68 ! cún 50 ! d&ng! ! ؋ઝ ؋ 45 ! ! ਱ ਱ ! ! Ա Ա 50 dèn 62 dòng w x 68 ! ! ! ! ! !cùn 45 ۣ ۣ 68 ں ں ݧ ݧ d'ng ૑ ૑ 62 ! ˏ ˏ 45 cu* 50 ! ! d*u ! ! ch*ng ! ! ɾ ɾ 62 ! ࣨ ࣨ 50 d&u ܀ ܀ 69 Ζ ͎ 45 ! ! ! ࢏ ࢏ ! ! ! ! ! ࣜ ࣜ 50 62 ࣟ ࣟ 69 chóng ä ä 45 ! ! ! d(ng 62 Кଆଇ β ڽ ڽ ! ! ʾ ʾ cuò 51 ! dòu 69 ch*u 45 ! ɲ ɲ 62 ! ! ! ই আ 51 d# ! ! d$ ܭ ܭ 69 ch&u յ յ 46 ! ! ͙ ͙ 62 ! ! ! ! ¼ » 51 ѐ ѐ 69 L L ! ! ! dú ch$ 46 dí Ӓ ӓ 63 ! ! ! ! ! झ झ 69 ̗ ̗ 46 ! ࡉ ࡤ 63 ! ! ! ! ! ȭ Ȯ 69 ch% ऒ ऒ 46 ȋ ȋ 63 ! ! d! ˁ ˁ! 52 d) ӱ ӱ 70 Ŭ ŭ ! d% 46 &ȇ!=== ===Ȉ!& Щ Щ 63 ! dá 52 ! ! dù ݯ ݯ 70 ! ! ! ! chu!i ݼ ݼ 46 ! ! ৰ ৰ 63 ! d" £ £ 52 ! ϻ ϻ 70 chuài ࢲ ࢲ 46 ! ! dì N N 63 ! ! ! ! dà ( ( 53 ! du!n ΐ ΐ 70 chu!n ӛ ӛ 46 ! ! 63 ! ! ! d!i ұফ ұ 55 ! ! du"n ɛ ɛ 70 ǳ ǳ 47 ! ! 63 ! ! dài Ƣ Ƣ 55 ! ֶ ֵ 63 duàn ˦ ˧ 71 ! ! chuán Ŵ ŵ 47 ! ! ! ! ! Ĉ ĉ ! Ȣ Ȣ 71 63 ڔ ړ di!n 55 chu"n ަ ަ 48 ! ! ! ! ! ǈ ǈ 55 ͱ ͱ duì ؑ ؑ 71 ! ! ! ׏ ׏ 48 ! di"n 64 chuàn! ! ӟ ӟ 56 ! ! Q R 71 ! ࣔ ࣔ 64 ! ! chu"ng ؿ ؾ 48 Ґ Ґ 56 ! ! ૡ ૡ 71 ! ! ! e f 64 ࠖ ࠖ 56 ! ! ɿ ʀ 71 48 ۩ ۩ 64 ٬ ٫ ! ! chuí ! diàn ֔ ֔ ! ࣖৣ ࣖ 48 d!n 56 ! d$n उ उ 71 ! ! ! ¡ 65 ! ھ ھ ! ! খ খ 48 Ş ŝ 56 ! ! ࢁ ࢁ 65 71 ! ࠪ ࠨ 48 Є Ѕ 58 di!o ! ! dùn ؠ ؠ 72 ! ! 65 غ ईغ diào ! ! ch$n ʋ ʋ 48 d"n ੷ॹ ॺ 58 ! ! ࡀ ࠿ 72 ! ! ɇ ɇ 65 ! ! ޅ ޅ 48 Ք ՠ 58 Ͼ Ͽ 72 chu*! ! ! ! ! ȍ Ȍ ! Ң Ҫ 65 ! ਒ ਒ 49 dàn 59 ! du* - - 72 ! ! ! ʗ ʘ 66 ! إ ؤ ! ࢾ ࢽ 49 ঢ ঢ 59 chuò ! ! ճ ճ 66 duó 72 ! Æ Ä di' ! ! c) ઽ ઽ 49 d!ng 59 ! ો մ 72 ! !&du 66 ܱ ۦ dié ! ! ! ϝ ϝ 49 ़ ऽ 59 ! ! duò ࢑ ࢑ 72 66 ר ר ! ! cì ! ! ׽ ׼ 59 ! ! { { 49 d"ng ! ! ૑Ѥ ૑Ѥ 72 ! ! ! d#ng ѥ ѥ 66 ! ! ! Ղ 59 ۺ২ ২ բ còu 49 dàng! ! ֚ ֛ ॄ ॄ 72 ! 67 ! d!o н н 59 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! ! ! ! ! CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER g' ޷ ޷ 89 guài ̪੤ ̪ 95 84 ۏ ۏ $f ৻ ৻ 84 ǡ ǡ 89 gu!n Ʉ Ɇ 95 é ਗ਼ ਗ਼ ! 73 ! ! ! ! ! ! ȁય ȁ 89 ß à 95 84 ٺ ٺ fú '!======!' ࢳ੝ ࢳ 73 ! ! ! ! ! ! ੑ ੑ 85 ߷ ߷ 89 ǫ ǫ Ԫ ԩ 73 gu"n 96 ! ! ! ૲ ૲ ! ! ܄ ܄ 85 gé 89 ͊ ͋ 96 guàn ! ! 73 ۮ ଎ଘۯ ! ࠶ ࠶ 85 ǡ ǡ 89 ! ! ̛ ˈ 73 ! ! ৮ ৯ 96 è ! Ő Ő 85 ৏ ৏ 90 ! ! ࢺੳ ࢺ 73 ܽ ܽ 96 ! ӗ ӗ 85 ! һ һ 90 ! ݬ ݭ 96 ! ͢ ͕ ! 73 ! ਎ ਎ ! घ ग ! 85 90 ľ ľ ér ċ Ď 73 ! ! gu!ng 96 ! g( ૑ݗ ૑ݗ 90 85 ޠ ޠ %f ! ϊ ϊ ! ! gu# Ї Ј 96 (r 73 Ц Ц 86 ! ! ! ! gè 90 Ά · Í Í 74 ! ੠ ੠ ! ! 97 èr! ! 86 ˒ ˒ 90 ! ! g'n! ! ۖ ۗ 97 ! ࣤ ࣤ 86 ! ! ! Ɣ Ɣ 90 ਭ ਭ 97 ! ࣃ ࣃ 86 ! ! gu) স স 90 97 ۅ ۆ g(n ݄ ݅ ! f! S O ! 76 86 ! ! ! g'ng ߺ ߺ 90 ٖ ٖ 97 ! ࣮ ࣮ 86 ! ! guì ֓ ֓)!======!) fá 76 ! Ԏ઎ Ԏ ! ! ! і і 86 91 з и 97 ޖ ޖ 76 fù ! ! g%n! ! g(ng ࡰ ࡰ 91 ݫ ݫ ! ! ! ģ ģ ˓ ɒ 86 ! gùn 98 f" 76 ! ! Ì Ì ! ! ! ϩ ϩ 86 g*ng 91 J K 98 ʵ ʵ 76 ! ! guó! ! f!!n ! ! ׅ ׅ 86 ǉ ǉ 91 ! ! ણ ઢ 98 f"n Ȳ Ȳ 77 ! ѫ ɒ 86 ࡁ ࡁ 91 ! ! ! ! gu& ܛ ܛ 99 ί ή 86 Պ Պ 92 ! 79 א א ! ! ! ! guò < = 99 fàn Ϭ Ϭ 79 ԏ ԏ 87 ৚ ৚ 92 ! ! ! ! ! ࡭ૌ ࡭ f!ng 79 92 ! ! ! ! ! ! ˃ ˃ g&ng ࡹ ࡹ 92 fáng 79 ! ! ! ࣐ ࣑ h! ì ì!100 ਙ ָ 79 g"i Ǜ Ǜ ! 88 92ָ f"ng! ! ! ! *!ࢀ======! ࢀ* há 100 92 ل ل љ њ g*u(!======!( fàng À À 79 gài 88 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! মࠄ ߾ 93 Ě Ě 100 Ǔ Ǔ ̳Ȱ Ȱ 88 h"!i ! f'i 80 g!n! ! ! ! ! ! gòu ਮ ਮ 93 ङ ङ 100 ƍ Ǝ 80 ܩ ܥ 88 ! hài! ! ! ! ! ! Χ Χ 93 ϙ ϙ 100 ৌ ৌ 81 ࢹ ࢹ 88 g$ hán féi ! ! ! ! ! g% ˞ ˞ 93 Ի Ի 100 88 ס ס ! fèi ի ի 81 ! ! ! ! 100 ڪ ڪ ࠩ Ֆ 94 88 ޡ ޡ g"n ! ! f'n F F 81 ! ! ! ! ! ƒ Ɠ 88 ; ; 94 ˳ ˲ 101 f'ng ӄ ӄ 82 ! ! ! Ϯ Ϯ ! л м ! ! g!ng ࡻ ࡺ 89 94 hàn 101 ࡃ ࡄ 82 ! ! җ җ ে ৆ ! ! 89 94 101 Й И 82 ! ! ! ! ݠ ݠ gù Ӿ Ӿ 94 h!ng ड़ ड़ 101 ! 89 ! Ύ Ώ ! 82 د ذ ݲ ݲ 89 94 háng 101 ! ă Ą 82 ! ! ! ! ! ৛ ৛ 94 ئ ئ !࣊ ࣊ 89 gu h!o 101 ! ۱ ۲ ! fèng 83 ! ࡛ ࠚ ! ! 101 ؀ ؀ gàng 89 guà ϧ Ϧ 94 ! հ կ 83 ! ! ! hào! ! Ƅ ƅ 101 95 ވ ވ gu"i 89 ڥ ڥ g!o ! ! fó ѯ ѯ 84 ! ! ! ! ! 89 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3 ! CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

125 ײ ׳ hé Ĺ Ĺ 101 ट ट 112 ૛ ૛ 119 Ҁ Ҁ 102 ࢯ ࢯ 112 ˬ ˬ 119 ji"o ौ੗ ौ 125 ! 125 ن ࣩ ࣩ 102 hu!n ଂ ଂ 112 j) b b 119 ੹ ! P P 102 ʷ ʸ 112 ऻ ऻ 119 ࡆ ࡅ 125 huán! ! ! Փ Ւ 119 ˪ ˫ 126 112 @ ? 102 ל ל ॓਌ ॑ 102 ! ߰ ߰ 120 ʚ ʚ 126 hu"n ԙ Ԙ 112 घ ग 102 Զ Զ 120 Ƥ Ƥ 127 huàn ɋ Ɋ 113 jì jiào hè ࠇ ࠆ 102 ! ! ́ ́ 120 ʽ ʼ 127 ! ! 113 ٧ ٧ hu!ng Σ Σ 102 ! ! Ź ƣ 120 ņ ņ 127 h'!i ! ॗ ॗ 113 ji' Ǿ Ǿ ! į Į 120 ֺ ֺ 102 ʻ ʻ 127 ! huáng 113 ֣֑ ֢ ! 127 ڷ ڷh(n ӯ ӯ 103 ji! 120 jié ੒੓੔ 114 ۓ ۓ hu"ng Ш Ш ! ! प फ 120 ׇ ׇ 127 hèn 104 ! !!! ׋ ׊ 114 ࠴ ࠵ ! ! jiá 120 Ʋ Ʊ 128 ! 104 ת ת 114 ۓ h'ng! ! huàng କ ji" Ʌ Ʌ 121 ji( Ŷ Ŷ 128 י ך héng 104 ը է 114 ! ! ! ! hu# ! ! ҹ ҹ 121 ў ў 128 ԛ ԛ 104 ! jiè! ! ঞ ঞ 121 114 ێ huí ! j#n ї ї 129 ! ! 105 מ מ huì ড় ড় 115 Ϙ Ϙ 121 ! ! jià ֹ ֹ 129 ! ! 106 ؐ ؁ h*ng ) * ! ֆ ֆ 122 ؇ ؇ 129 115 ! hóng ݱ ݱ 106 ! ji!!n ! ! hún ѣ ѣ 115 Ӽ Ӽ ũ ũ Ǌ ǋ 106 122 129 ! 115 ڧ ڦ ! ৚ ৚ 106 122 j)n ɺ ɻ 132 ! 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CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER ji% ̚ ̚ 135 kèn ਼ ਼ 140 láo щ ъ 146 ੽ ੽ 153 # # 135 Ś Ś 140 146 l#n ࡋ ࡋ 153 jiù! ! k*ng! ! l"o lín ̸ ̸ 153 146 ط ط 140 ן ן ॶ ॶ 135 ! k&ng! ! lè ϋ ό 135 ଑ࢢ ࢢ 153 147 ط ط kòng ϡ ϡ 141 l'i ʫ ʫ 136 ! ! Ճਇ Ճ 153 j$ k*u ࡓ ࡕ 141 léi ԧ ԧ 147 líng ޶ ޶ 136 ! ! ࠰ ࠰ 153 ! k&u ŋ ŋ 141 lèi ࣹ ࣹ 147 jú ̯ ̯ 136 ! ! ʿ ˀ 153 kòu Ӌਜ Ӌ 141 ࡜ ࡜ 147 ̿ ̀ 136 ! ! l)ng Ĭ ĭ 154 j%! ! ੾ ॕ 142 l(ng ɚ ɚ 147 ̊ ̊ 136 ! lìng ͟ ͟ 154 147 ڴ ڴ lí 142 ܫ ܫ $jù! ! k ђ ђ 136 li$ ٔ ٔ 154 Ȋ Ȋ 142 ߠॾ ߠ 147 ! З З k%! ! 136 া া 147 liú ԃ Ԅ 154 ࢪ ࢩ kù ػ ؼ 142 136 ! ! Ƨ ƨ 147 æ æ 154 Ӧܪ Ӧ kuà ࠲ ࠲ 142 ju"n 136 ! ! ϣ ϣ 148 ɐ ɐ 155 फ़ फ़ 142 l) ju' । । 137 ! Ï Ï li% ܔ ܔ 155 148 142 ٯ ٯ ! ! jué त त 137 Ɖ Ɗ 148 liù ʐ ʐ 155 ! ! ku"i ਿ ਿ 142 ߩ ߩ 137 oપh h 148 ՟ ՟ 155 ! kuài U U 142 ੆ ੆ 137 ! ! ࢷ ࢶ 149 lóng ˿ ̀ 156 Ȭ ȫ 137 ku!n ঑ ঒ 143 Ǡ Ǡ ! ! lì 149 l&ng ߘ ߚ 157 ઘɦ ɪ 137 ࣕ ࣕ 143 ku# ! ! 149 ߗ ߖ 157 ʚ ʚ l*u 137 kuí ॊ ॊ 143 տ վ 149 157 ى ى lòu ju( ঁ ঁ 137 ࣀ ࣀ ɥ ɥ 149 143 ͹ ͹ ! ࡾ ࡾ 157 j$n Ȧ ȧ 137 k$n ܳ ܳ 143 150 ! ! l$ ਏ ਐ 157 150 ܬ ܬ lián 143 ۿ ۿ ! ࢙ ࢘ ! ! ਷ ਷ lú 157 k%n ࢔ ࢔ 143 150 ǃ Ǆ 150 l% ও ঔ 157 k! ૑̖ ૑̖ !138 kuò ࠫ ࠫ 143 ! ! ૧ঊ উ 151 ৷ ৸ 157 143 ٤ ٥ ૑ݗ ૑ݗ 138,!======!, ! ! ߑ ߐ 151 Ă Ă 157 k" ̖ ̖ 138 li"n lù ɶ ɵ 151 ऐ ए 158 k!i T V 138! ! ܊ Ԁ ͹ ͹ 158 ɫ ɫ ! liàn 151 ֠ ֠ k"i ३ २ 139 l! 144 ! ! -!======!- ϱ ϳ 151 158 ܵ ܵ 139 ঻ ঻ 144 k"n! ! lá я Ќ 151 l+ ࠼ ࠽ 158 ܲ ܲ 139 lán ށ ނ 144 ࠏ ࠏ 158 152 ج ج liáng ! ज ज 139 ࣓܍ ࣒ܨ 145 ট ট 158 152 ج k!ng ࢈ káng ݠ ݠ 139 l"n ϖ ϗ 145 ਫ ਫ 158 ! ! li"ng 152 ϑ ϑ 139 ࠂ ࠃ 145 র য 158 kàng ȏ ȏ 152 luán ! ! ࣙ ࣘ liàng Ǧ Ǧ 139 145 ˑ ˔ 158 kào ࢊ ࢊ 152 luàn ! ! ѹ Ѻ 145 li!o ࡖ ࡖ 140 làn ߡ ߡ 158 k' ܺ ܻ 153 lüè liáo 145 ֩ ֩ ! ! ; ; 140 láng ঩ প 159 k( ʆ ʆ 153 l$n ! ! Ž Ž 145 liè ࡫ ʣ 140 làng lún ͘ ͗ 159 kè! ! ੪ ੪ 153 l!o ؉ ؊ 145 ! ! 5 CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER lu* ট ট 159 m)n ࢐ ࢐ 165 ni!n ऩ ऩ 171 p"o ȿ ȿ 178 178 ڇ ڇ pào 172 ۋ ۋ luó Ў Л 159 ԝ ԝ 165 nián ± ± ݦ ݦ 160 míng 165 ާ ާ 172 pèi ࠛ ࠛ 178 ѧ Ѧ 165 ৹ ह luò 160 ni"n 172 p'ng ੢ ੢ 178 ɉ ɉ 160 ঃ ঃ 165 ࡐ ࡐ 172 péng ੯ ੯ 178 Ǹ Ǹ 165 ઼ ઼ ! mìng 172 ߟ ߞ 178 Ӭ Ӭ 165 ш ч 172 179 ۀ ۀ m* ni"o p(ng 172 ٵ ૑ɂ ૑Ƀ !161 Ѽ Ѽ 165 ੭ m! mó ni' pèng ੰҚ 179 172 ۊ ۊ ɂ Ƀ 161 Р Р 166.!======!. m" níng p# ޓ ޓ 179 Ջ Ջ 166 ࡑ ࡒ má ͣ ͣ 161 m& 172 ќ ќ 179 Р Р Ȅ Ȅ 180 ژ ژ mò 166 niú 173 162 צ צ mái ٘ ٘ Ϣ Ϣ 166 ni% 173 pí ण ण 180 162 ښ ઩ڛ mài ޣ ޣ m% 166 nòng Џ Џ 173 ՝ ՝ 180 162 ڸ ی ̥ ̥ 167 mán ߽ ߼ 162 n% ˱ ˱ 173 ȷ ȷ 180 ૂ ૂ ՘ ՞ 162 167 ॲ ॲ 173 Ӂ Ӂ 180 Ⱦ Ⱦ 167 ࢭ ࢭ m"n Ɩ Ɨ 162 mù nù ύ ύ 173 p) 180 ܎ ܎ 167 Ҹ Ҹ màn ɕ ɕ 162 n& t t 174 pi!n 180 ݮ ݮ 167 ਸ਼ ਲ਼ 162 nuó ީ ީ 174 piàn ¯ ¯ 180 máng Ǣ Ǣ 167 ѕ଀ є 181 m"ng ࣧ ࣧ 162 Ӑ ӏ 181 m!o ӎ ʩ 162 pi!o *u O O !175 piáo ࡽ ࡽ 181 máo ʧ ʧ 162 ná Ư਽ Ư !168 0!======!0 pi"o ृ ृ 181 /!======!/ ص ص 162 nà ड ड 168 ࠗ ࠗ m"o १ १ 163 Ԓ ԑ 168 pi', pi( 181 p! ݁ ݁ !176 Ō Ō 181 píng 1!======!1 168 ܒ ܒ n"i 163 ץ ץ méi ؽ ؽ pá Ҏ Ҏ 176 ɣ ɣ 182 163 nài ѵ ѵ 168 g g 163 ॼ޿ ॼ߀ 176 ɠ ɟ 182 m(i nán ǜ ǜ 169 p!i Ⱥ Ⱥ 176 p* ٙ ٙ 183 mén ॠ ॡ 163 ã ã 169 183 ڿ ڿ ƈ ƈ 176 ÿ Ā 163 Ü Û 169 pái ӌ ӌ 176 pò ͚ ͚ 183 m(ng Ϻ Ϻ 163 náo ࠷ ࠸ 169 pài δ ࢓ ևਫ਼ և 183 m# म ߨ 164 Ȩ ȯ 169 p!n 176 n"o ލ ލ 183 ˥ ˥ 164 pán ˙˘ ˙ 177 mí nào ત ત 169 ࡚ ࡚ ক ক p$ 183 ΃ ΃ 164 Ɵ Ɵ 177 mì né 169 ӻ Ӻ 183 pàn ׈ ׈ 177 mián ԍ Ԍ 164 nèi ĳ Ĳ 170 Չ Մ 184 páng Ҝ Ҝ 177 184 ܓ ܯ %p 171 ק ק mi"n ܾ ܾ 165 nèn ؞ ؞ 177 ૑ࡍ ૑ࡍ 165 ֻ ֻ 171 ҭ Ҭ 184 177 ڨ ڨ ní miáo ׉ ׉ 165 n) 171 Օ Օ 178 ̶ ̶ p!o mi"o 165 ׆ ׆ 171 nì páo ࢜ ࢜ 178 miào ё ё 165 q# ʹ ʹ !185 6 2!======!2 CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

Ŀ Ŀ 185 qìn ਃ ਄ 192 ޟ ޞ 199 sh"o,shào Ē Ē 209 ע ע Ԟ Ԟ 185 210 گ گ q#ng ઄ Ĥ 192 r'ng 199 shé ʙ ʙ 210 ڎ ધڎ qí 185 Յ૴ ࣫ 193 rì X X 199 ࢉ ࢉ 186 Ƽ ƽ 193 róu ޥ ޥ 199 shè ˵ ˵ 210 Җ ҕ 186 ૴ ș 193 210 ג ג ϒ ϒ 200 sh'n ऎ ऎ 186 qíng ܷ ܷ 194 ȱ ȱ 200 Ӗ Ӗ ҂ ҁ ròu 211 186 ô õ q)ng 194 rú ࡿ ࡿ 200 ¾ ¾ 211 q) E E 186 qi$ ߻ ߻ 194 200 shén ż ż 211 qì ̉ ̉ 187 212 ث ت Ƴ Ƴ 194 ࢖ ࢖ 200 sh(n ͈ ͉ 187 212 ڢ ڢ qiú ť ť 194 r% ׂ ׂ 200 ´ · 187 shèn Ǽৎ Ǽ 194 ó ó 200 ٛ ٜ ࠒ ࠒ 188 rù 212 qi! q' Ր Ր 194 ruán ਰ ਰ 200 sh'ng > > 212 qià ਤ ਤ 188 ̣ੂ ̣ 194 also日inside, instead of 王 Ƃ ƃ 212 qi!n ʖ ʖ 188 ɰ ɱ 195 Υ Τ ru"n 200 ݳ ݵ 212 ৒ ৒ ࠁ ࠤ shéng 188 195 ܙ ܘ 201 ruì sh# ř ř 212 ѱ Ѱ 188 qu!n ψ ψ 195 rùn ӝ ӫ 201 Ŧ ŧ 212 qián ̳ ̳ 188 195 quán Ӯ Ӯ 213 ! ۢ ۢ 188 » » 196 ң ҟ 213 ੨ ੨ 190 ग़ ज़ Ϸ ϸ 213 ֙ ֙ 196 s!,s" 2! 02 190 ב ב qu"n ܋ ܋ 197 4!======!4 Ğ Ğ ठ ख 190 s!i ࢄ૸ ࢄ 202 shí 213 ݃ ݂ 197 quàn i i ¶ ¸ 215 qi"n ડ ડ 190 s!n 202 ! qu' Η Η 197 լ լ 215 qi!ng Հ Ձ 190 s"n έଖ έ 205 què ܶ ܶ 197 6 7 215 Ŏ ō 190 s"o ֱ ֲ 205 qiáng ࣠ ࣦ 197 ͸ ͸ 215 Ŏ ō 190 s'ng ݓ ݓ 206 Ǎ Ǎ 216 qi"ng qún ˼ ˼ 197 ̂ ̅ ͏ ͐ 190 ϭ ϭ 197 sh! 206 sh) ࣯ ࣯ 216 qi!o ࢻૉ ࢼ 191 ς ς 206 Ð Ð 216 shì! ! Ż Ż 216 206 ڍ ڍ qiáo ऴ ऴ 191 sh!n Ӎ Ӝ 191 এ এ 206 ǘ Ǚ 216 rán s s !198 ݛ ݜ 191 3!======!3 ঢ ঢ 206 ȃ ȃ 216 ràng d c 198 ѻ ѻ 191 sh"n ы ь 206 ȉ ȉ 216 qi"o ਈ ৾ 198 ráo Š š 216 qiào ࣷ ࣷ 191 sh!ng Ţ ţ 207 rào ؘ ؖ 198 ð ñ ੺ ੺ 191 ʂ ʂ 207 216 rè ď Đ 198 Ķ Ķ 217 ޚ ޛ 191 shàng ' ' 207 sh*u ॸ ॸ 192 rén 199 ˊ ˊ 209 sh&u m m 217 ׹ ׹ 199 ǟ ǟ qi' Ȇ Ȇ 192 sh!o ੡ ੡ 209 219 ਠ ਠ 199 ą ą qiè ࠞ ࠞ 192 ࢿ ࢿ 209 shòu 219 r(n ː ː 199 թ ժ ঎ ঍ 192 sháo ৿ ৿ 209 219 Ƭ Ƭ 199 ࣛ ࣚ qín ࣋ ࣋ 192 rèn ॢ ॢ 209 sh$ 219 ੐ ࡔ ૵ ૵ 219 199 192 پ پ 7 CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

০ ০ 219 ƶ Ƶ 230 tè Ų Ų 237 tu) φଃ φ 249 ̰ ̰ 219 ࠝ ࠝ su) 231 téng ਧ ݾ 237 tuì Т Т 249 п о 219 ϔ ϔ suì 231 ѭ Ѭ 238 t$n ۫ ۫ 249 sh% ׾ ׾ 219 ։ ֈ ݻ ݻ s$n 231 t# 239 tún ࣁ ࣁ 250 ߲ ߲ 219 ि ि 231 ٟ ٟ 239 ߔ ߔ su* 250 ִ ִ 219 Ɛ Ɛ ׻ ׺ 231 tí 239 tùn ߝ ߝ 250 shù Ϗ Ϗ 219 ԡ 250 ډsu& ֏ ֎ 231 t# î ï 240 ԡ Њ Љ 219 tu* ti!n $ $ 240 ҩ ҩ ࣲ ߿ 220 251 б в ّ ّ ˸ ˹ 220 tián 242 251 қ қ 242 বਪবਵ 251 233 ڶ ڶ shu!i ֡ ֡ 220 t! ! tuó 5!======!5ਗ ਗ 233 ti"n इ इ 242 ࣽ ࣼ 252 tà 220 ٹ ٹ shu"i ࡶ ࡵ 233 tiáo Ĵ ĵ 242 ੀ ੁ 252 shuài ϐ ϐ 221 Ҙ Ҙ 233 ȍ Ȍ 242 tu& ् ो 252 shu!n ऍ ऍ 221 ࣝ ࣝ 233 ti"o ˭ ˭ 242 shuàn ࢆ ࢆ 221 ׵ ׵ t!i 233 tiào Ϳ Ϳ 243 shu!ng Ň ň 221 ৩ ׭ Ӱ Ӱ tái 233 ti' Ι Θ 243 w! !253 253 ا اshu) 225 u u 6!=====!6 tài 233 ti( ͵ ͷ 244 shùn ҋ ҋ 225 ғ ғ 234 ܇ ܇ 253 t#ng á â 245 w" ̇ ̈ 225 шȝ чȝ 235 ૑ğ ૑ğ 253 tíng ɨ ɨ 245 w!i 253 ظ૑ ظ૑ 235 ۑ ې shu* : 9 227 t!n t)ng ͔ ͔ 245 253 ظ ظ shuò ૓ ૓ 227 ߤ ߥ 235 Ĩ Ĩ 245 ਹ ࡏ 227 tán Ң Ҫ 235 t*ng wài ğ ğ 253 ¦ ¦ 245 255 ױ װ ݨ ݨ 235 tóng w!n 227 ٸ ٸ #s ࠾ ࠾ 245 235 כ ʍ ʎ ञ 227 wán Ú Ú 255 ૢ ૼ 235 ̵ ̵ 246 255 ٻ ॱٻ s) ° ° 227 w"n 246 ګ ૬ ૽ ઔ ő ő 227 236 sì ࠹ ࠹ wàn ߳ ߳ 255 tàn ӹ ӹ 236 t&ng 246 ৓ ৓ 229 ț Ț Αੇ Α 246 255 ०਩ ਩ 229 t!ng ৊ ৊ 236 t*u s*ng wáng ˣ ˣ 255 Ѓ Ѓ 236 tóu ½ ¿ 246 ͫ ̏ 229 táng ઀ ı ͪ ͪ wàng 255 ࡘ ࡙ 230 ֤ ֤ 236 tòu 247 s&ng ࢧ ࢧ 255 ࣬ ࣬ 236 ޘ ޘ 247 w'i sòng ܹ ܹ 230 t$ ब ब wéi ˡ ˢ 256 Ů Ů 236 ɤ ɤ 247 230 Ǉ ǆ t"ng с с 237 tú Ġ ġ 247 256 s*u Ү Ү 230 ࢦ ࢥ 256 247 ח ח ૨ ૮ 237 s$ ҈ ҇ 230 ц ц 256 tàng ُ ُ 237 t% Ъ Ъ 247 w(i sù С С 230 Ҩ Ҩ 256 ˮ ˮ 247 237 ڃ ڃ ̦ ̦ t!o wèi ք ք 256 פ ੏ 230 táo Ξ Ξ 237 tù 247 ȣ ȣ 230 ǐ ǐ 256 ܏ ܏ 237 tuán ˎ ˍ 247 su!n ɧ ɧ 230 ѡ ѡ 256 tào ɮ ɮ 237 tu# Î Î 247 suí ः ः 230 ͠ ͡ 256 8 CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

ࡪ ࡪ 257 xià 4 4 264 xíng ˉ ˉ 273 y"n ঱ ঱ 279 279 ڄ ڄ w'n Ȼ Ȼ 257 ̢ ̢ 266 273 wén 257 xi!n ֞੎ ֞ 266 xi*ng Ҥટ Ҥ 273 ɸ ɸ 279 ÷ ÷ 279 w(n ؗ ؗ 257 ǯ ǯ 267 xióng Ӷ Ӷ 274 280 ع ଐع ߬ ߬ 267 Ҡ Ҡ 274 yàn 257 ҄ ҃ ޴ ޴ ߊ଍ ߊ 280 wèn ੴ ੲ 257 xián 267 xi$ ˕ ˕ 274 ६ ६ ü ý 257 xi"n ˟ ˠ 267 ʯ਋ ʯ 274 yáng 280 Ԛ ԁ 280 w* ऱ र 257 xiàn Շ Ո 267 xiù ү ү 274 ՚ ՙ 281 x$ ঠ ঠ 274 267 ּ ּ 257 ֖ ֕ ˅ ˅ 281 wò ӂ ӂ 257 Ö Ö 267 А Б xi!ng 274 Ȫ ȩ ׍ ׌ 258 281 ǿ ǿ 268 xù Ǖ ǖ 275 Ӊ Ӊ y"ng ֯ ֯ 281 ݶ ݶ 275 268 ۉ ۉ w$ 258 xiáng ȸ ȹ 282 Ժ Խ 258 Ό Ό 268 ϫ ϫ 275 xu!n ϕ ϕ 282 ݒŉ ŉ y!o 259 ֗ ֘ 275 ڳ ڲ wú xiàng 268 xuán j k yáo ͑ ͒ 283 275 ح ح Ö Ö 268 259 च च ଓ Ԝ 283 259 ʳ ʳ 268 ߪ ߪ 275 y"o w% Ƌ Ƌ 260 ˝ ˜ 268 य़ य़ 276 yào % % 283 Ǥ Ǥ 261 ޤ ޤ য় ৞ 284 xi!o 268 xu"n Ŕ ŕ 276 ޭࢎ ޭ 261 ७ ८ 268 ा ा 284 xuàn ࢡ ࢡ 276 y' Ϋ Ϋ 261 y( ж ж 284 ح ǧ ǧ 268 ૩ ϓ ϓ 276 262 Γ Ε 269 ੋ Ə xué q r 276 yè 285 wù զ զ 262 A A 269 Ԋ Ԋ 285 276 ۈ ۈ xi"o ি ি 262 xiào 笑笑 270 Λ Λ ࣉ ࣉ 285 Г В 262 xu( 276 ় ় 270 ѝ џ 285 xi' xuè ɡ ɡ 276 y# 285 270 ڑ ڑ x$n ߭ ߭ 277 ф Ͷ 270 ˖ ˗ 286 ͛ ͛ !263 xún ϟ Ϡ 277 x# xié Ӈ ӈ 270 yí ੩ ੩ 286 7੧ ੧ 263 ׄ ׄ 277!======!7 प फ 270 М М 286 ݕ ݕ 263 xùn ਨ ਨ 277 287 ܦ ܦ (y 271 ו ה੻ ݩ ݩ 263 ͞ ͝ 277 ܆ ܆ 271 I I 287 þ þ 263 ઠގ ޏ 271 ࡌ ࡌ ૄ ૄ 287 271 ֥ ֥ 264 yì ۶ ۷ 287 xí Ԯ Ԯ 264 ̒ ̑ 278 xiè ۵ ۵ 271 y! ! 287 ¥ ¥ 264 8!======!8ްଏ ޯ x) ͓ન ͓ 272 278 ơ ơ 288 ٶ ٷ Ƚ Ƚ 264 x#n 8 8 272 278 ૕ ૕ 288 xì ʲ ʱ 264 1 1 272 yá І І 278 ˯ ̞ 288 হ হ 288 278 ހ xi! Դ Ե 264 ј ј 272 y" ݘ 288 ͯ ͮ 279 ܖ ܖ xiá ր ֑ 264 xìn 272 y!n ɖ ɖ 288 ࠋ ࠋ 264 ঺ૹ ঺ 273 yán ઑ Ϲ 279 ࠱ ࠱ 288 ޑ ޒ 264 ߮ ߮ 273 आ अ 279 y#n 9 CHARACTER INDEX BY PINYIN ORDER EACH COLUMN: PINYIN | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER | PAGE NUMBER

ҥ Ҧ 288 ̬ ̫ 295 ޼ ޻ 301 zhí Ŗ 307 yín ত ত 289 yu!n ࠠ ࠠ 295 zh!i ٚ ٚ 301 ੄ ੄ 308 zh) [ [ 308 301 ۋ ۋ Ω Ϊ 289 ࣇ ࣆ 295 zh!n ࢌ ࢋ 289 yuán Ļ Ļ 296 ৐ ݣ 301 ǭ ǭ 308 y)n ̺ ̺ 289 ě ě 296 ާ ާ 301 ̩ ̩ 309 Ғ ґ 290 Ё Ђ 296 zh"n ˂ ˂ 301 П Х 309 yìn ϥ ϥ 290 ۠ ۠ 296 ֬ ֭ 301 ࡗ ࡗ 309 ळઌ ळ 296 ʪ ʪ y#ng Ń ń 290 zhàn ԗ׸ ԗ 302 zhì 309 ݏ ݎ ल ल 290 296 ƪ ƫ 302 ࠢ ࠣ 309 ࣴ ࣳ 290 yu"n ś Ŝ 297 ǒ ǒ 302 Ɉ Ɉ 309 yuè ߧय ߧ 297 ޸ ޹ 302 Ή Ή 309 290 ڊ ڋ ࠓ ࠔ 309 ࡡ ࡠ 290 ę ę 297 zh!ng Œ œ 302 ߦ ߦ 309 Ņ Ņ 302 297 چ څ yíng ̡ ̠ 290 ৴ ৵ 297 ࠬ ࠬ 309 ˤ ˤ 291 zh"ng Ч Ч 302 Ӵ ӵ Ǘ Ǘ 309 yìng р р 292 y$n 297 ֟ ֟ 303 zhàng ̘ ů 309 ڂ ڂ Ȟ ȟ 292 yún ঌ ঋ 297 y*ng 303 . . zh*ng 309 Ϝ Ϝ Ԥ Ԥ 297 ࢅ ࢅ 303 y&ng 292 ِ ِ 311 Ș Ș ɼ ʁ 298 ΄ ΄ 303 292 zh!o ɍ ȴ 311 yùn Ӵ ӵ 299 D D 303 292 ؂ ؂ . . 311 ž ſ 299 zhòng ڗ ڗ 292 zh"o ߇ ߇ 303 ä ä 311 299 ۹ ۸ ࡬ ࡬ࡷ 292 Ũਸ Ũ 303 zhào zh*u źƹ ź 311 yòng \ \ 292 ݤ ݥ 303 ଔ ଔ 311 303 ڹ ڹ y*u օ օ 292 zh' zhóu ߌ ߢ 311 ӭ ӭ 292 zá ϴ ϴ !300 zhé ́ࠍ ́ 303

zu!n ૊ ଉ 318 316 آ آ zhuàn Ŵ ŵ 313 zhuó ॒ ॒ 315 z*ng Ս Վ 318 316 ـ ف ļ Ľ 313 ਟ ਟ 315 zhu!ng ࠙ ࠘ 314 ࡂ ࡥ 315 z&ng ē Ĕ 316 zuàn ू ू 319 D D 315 Ű ű 314 zòng ֜ ֝ 316 zu) ΢ ΢ 319 ӡ ӡ G G 315 zhuàng 314 z) z&u 317 zuì H H 319 ղ ղ 316 ν ԅ 314 ɩ ɩ 317 г г 319 ૚ ૚ zú ͌ ͌ 314 316 ૫ ૫ z$n 319 318 נ נ %zhu# z ँ ऀ 315 zì Ǳ Ǳ 316 zu& ͖ ͖ 319 / / 316 zhuì ܉ ܈ 315 zuò © © 320 zh$n ৔ ৔ 315 ǽ ǽ 320 zh%n ɝ ȳ 315 zhu* ࡟ ࡟ 315 315 ۍ ۍ

11 A in an open stance, press the hands down at belly height as if pushing a ball down in water, an internal training stake standing of Taijiquan and other styles. àn shì ͻǙ Pressing-down posture: sit into empty stance and push down with both palms. From Wu Taijiquan. àn sh&u ͻm Press, push; double-handed push. àn tán shì lì ͻҪñ Press and spring testing power: A stand in sixty-forty stance with the palms facing down, alternating raising and lowering the hands, feeling as if they are on springs. From Yiquan, one of its combat (rad.64) ݇ !i 1. To be or get close to. 2. Close range testing moves. techniques in general. 3. In wrestling, to lean on, a àn ti!n g% ͻ$җ Press Down the Celestial Drum: a head throwing technique. 4. To get in very close to the lock. From behind, bring your hands up under your adversary’s torso for a short strike, often used for a throw adversary’s armpits and wrap them around his neck, or control. From Bajiquan, one of its ten major techniques, pushing his head down. see also shí dà j$ f%. àn tóu duàn j)ng ͻ¿˧ۤ Press down the head to break Close Range Barrage: one of ڇ¾݇ i sh'n pào! the neck: move into an incoming attack, reaching around Xingyiquan’s traditional partner routines, common to to grab the adversary’s back and gouging his eyes with the many branches, develops close range techniques, written other hand, pushing his head back. up as twenty-one to twenty-three moves. Also called !n sh(n pào. àn zài y!o g*ng ͻϕǉ The key to the power and efficiency of the press down lies in the waist and back. A ފ (rad.111) "i Short of stature; low. martial saying.! ͻЧ "i g*ng bù ފࡁǮ Low bow stance, the hip joint well set àn zh"ng 1. Press down with the palm or both palms. in and the torso often leaning onto the thigh. See also g"ng 2. Press down. From Baguazhang, one of its set circle- bù. walking positions. See xià chén zh%ng. Also called shu!ng àn zh%ng. "i zhu!ng ފ࠘ Low stake standing posture. àn zh&u ͻࢫ Press down with the elbow in close grappling Þ (rad.40) !n 1. Peaceful, calm. 2. At ease. 3. To pacify. situations. 4. To arrange. àn zhù ͻĢ Press and control. Keep the Body Safe Barrage, see !i ڇ¾Þ !n sh'n pào (rad.72) sh(n pào. Ϛ àn Dark; obscure; covert. Ϛ۰ҍ٪ Take a Hidden Ford by way of ͻ (rad.64) àn dù chén c!ng àn 1. To push down with one or two hands, Chencang: pretend to take one path while taking another. usually with the palm facing down: the technique is used The eighth of the Thirty-six Stratagems of Warfare, which to shut down an adversary. 2. To press forward, up then apply to many situations. down, or down then up. 3. While taking the pulse, to press Ϛ۰ũэ Take a Hidden Ford with a while looking for tenderness in the channels. From TCM. àn dù j#n zhèn 4. To push down, one of the falling hands in Chuojiao, see Golden Needle: step forward with a large slicing action, also luò sh)u. continue the large circle to the rear, then drop to a cross ͻн legged stance and bring the sword through to snap up in àn d!o Press down with a broadsword, the left hand the direction of travel. From Qingping sword. pressing on the spine of the blade or on the right wrist, Ϛշ Hidden power. 1. A soft, supple application of edge! down or pressing down with the flat of the blade. àn jìn power, light and coordinated power without recourse to ͻģ àn f" Pressing methods 1. A twisting press, firm but strength. 2. Power within the body that is hidden from not to the point of pain. From TCM. 2. As joint control or view. manipulation, to press down sharply with the palm against Ϛ̉ Hidden weapon: small weapons such as the natural movement of a joint. àn qì throwing knives, darts, metal balls. àn jìn ͻշ The power and skill used to do a press forward Ϛφģ Hidden leg techniques: kicks hidden in and down, usually first controlling an adversary then àn tu) f" pushing away. stepping. From Baguazhang. See tào tu#, g"u tu#, cu" tu#, c%i ji%o, and chuài tu#, among others. See also míng tu# f%. àn ná f" ͻƯģ Pressing grappling hold: press down on an Ϛ÷ģ Hidden look method: to appear to be adversary’s arm to direct his attention there, in àn y"n f" preparation for another attack. From wrestling. looking at obvious targets on an adversary, while actually looking for unprotected areas and weaknesses in defense. àn qiú zhu!ng ͻǼ࠘ Press the ball standing: standing up 13 A B breathing), strength, and effectiveness. b! f!n quán ʉʵۢ Bafanquan (eight rolls fist), a style from Shandong province, developed during the Song dynasty. Also called b! sh%n f!n, b! f!n sh)u. b! f!n sh&u ʉʵmSee b! f!n quán. b! f!ngʉ The eight directions: Four cardinal and four non-cardinal directions: East, West, South, North, South- B west, North-west, North-east, South-east. b! f'n jiàn quán ʉFݙۢ Eight Parts Arrow Punch: from ʉ (rad.12) b! 1. Eight. 2. Often used in movement names a right bow stance, sit to a horse stance and punch the right to refer to the shape of the character. fist to the side with an upright fist, pulling the left to the waist. The 55th move of the tiger and crane routine. b! b! liù shí sì zh"ng ʉʉʐĞőЧEight (times) Eight ʉĄ Extraordinary acupoint Bafeng (eight winds), Sixty-four Palms. See liù shí sì sh)u. Also called b! duàn b! f'ng liù shí sì zh%ng, zhí tàng liù shí sì zh%ng. EX-LE10. Four points at the foot (with two feet, eight altogether), at each web between the toes, where the (ʉǮबࠕۢ Babu (eight step b! bù táng láng quán darker skin meets the lighter skin. From TCM. Tanglangquan, a branch of Preying Mantis style, which ࣖۻʉ specialises in close techniques. b! guà chuí See b! guà quán. н Bagua broadsword, a single-edgedۻʉ b! d" b! bù d" ʉ£ʉ£ Eight allowed targets and b! guà d!o eight disallowed targets. The eight allowed targets that sword about the length from floor to solar plexus or up to hurt a lot are: between the eyebrows, the top of the lips, head height, with a handgrip about a foot long, and a blade the ears, the shoulder blades, the ribs, the bone near the that curves towards the end. The weight is usually as groin, the knee, and hitting any bone hard. The eight heavy as the player can handle. иmн Bagua Rollingۻtargets that do too much damage and so are disallowed b! guà g%n sh&u d!o ʉ are: the acupoint Taiyang at the temple, full on the chest broadsword, a routine of Baguazhang, written up as thirty- plate, the walls in the body core, the ends of the floating two moves. ribs, the groin, the kidneys, the coccyx, and the ear ǄʸRн Baguaۻb! guà lián huán duì d!o ʉ openings. This is not competition rules, but rules of Connected partner broadsword, a partner routine of conduct. Baguazhang, written up as twenty-five moves. b! dà zh"ng ʉ(Ч Eight great palms: eight palm changes Baguaquan (eight trigrams fist), a style ۢۻb! guà quán ʉ to practice the principles and techniques of Baguazhang. from Shandong province, developed during the Qing Also called l%o b! zh%ng, m* zh%ng. dynasty. Also called b! guà chuí. b! dà zh!o ʉ(΄ Eight main methods: The eight main φEight Trigrams kick: first do a hook kickۻb! guà tu) ʉ concepts of Bajiquan, each containing a variety of techniques. from a half squat, retract the leg while standing up, then do a side kick. From Chuojiao. ʉɛ Eight short. 1. Eight short elbow strikes to Ċ¾ǄʸЧۻb! du"n ʉ eight sensitive parts of the body, see bèi zh)u, bì zh)u, bó b! guà yóu sh'n lián huán zh"ng zh)u, g* zh)u, tóu zh)u, xié zh)u, zu# zh)u. From Bagua Swimming Continuous Palms: a Baguazhang routine, written up as thirty-five moves. Tanglangquan 2. Eight close range techniques, see also ,ƫ¾Ձ Bagua Battle spearۻd'n sh(n bó chuí, kào sh(n tún chuí, li%ng zh)u li%ng x$ sì b! guà zhàn sh'n qi!ng ʉ chuí, yíng miàn tóu chuí, zh!n ná xi"ng chuí. From a spear routine of Baguazhang, written up as sixty-four Tanglangquan. moves. Ч Baguazhang (eight trigrams palm), aۻb! du"n zh# qiáng ʉɛŎ The strength of the eight short b! guà zh"ng ʉ techniques. From Tanglangquan. See also q$ cháng zh$ style attributed to Dong Haichuan and first taught in qi%o. Beijing in the mid 1880s. Based on walking and applying .b! duàn j)n ʉȢٰ Baduanjin (eight pieces of brocade), an power while moving. Originally called zhuàn zh%ng -Ḻ̌ Bagua Turning sword: circleۻinternal strength training method, consisting of eight b! guà zhuàn jiàn ʉ exercises. walking and eight changes done with a sword. From b! duàn liù shí sì zh"ng ʉȢʐĞőЧ Eight sections, Baguazhang. :ĽՁ Bagua Turning spearۻSixty-four Palms. See liù shí sì sh)u. Also called b! b! liù b! guà zhuàn qi!ng ʉ shí sì zh%ng, zhí tàng liù shí sì zh%ng. circle-walking and eight changes done with a spear. From b! f" ʉģ The eight methods: the eight basic skill sets that Baguazhang. ࠘ Bagua stake standing. 1. Varies withۻneed to be mastered in any style. Hand techniques, eyes, b! guà zhu!ng ʉ body work, legs, spirit, qi control (some lists say style, may be sitting in a partial squat with the knees 15 B C From Wu Taijiquan sword. .؈ (rad.157) c"i To trample, step on c"i bù ؈Ǯ Trampling step: a walking step that sets a root on landing – not rubbing forward. From Baguazhang. c"i f" ؈ģ Trampling methods: using the foot to press any part of an adversary down. C c"i ji!n ؈Ӽ Trample on the shoulder: when an adversary is face down on the ground, pull his arm up behind with his arm twisted, kneeling or standing on his shoulder joint. ϼ (rad.64) 1. To rub, wipe. 2. To apply or spread c! From Qinna. something on. c"i ji"o ؈˫ Trample, a crushing kick. 1. A low kick, just ϼ˫ Rubbing slap kick. Tends to mean a lifted kick, c! ji"o under the knee, with the foot turned out. In the category or slightly snapping kick, rather than a fully cocked snap of snap kicks, see q' sh(n xìng tu# f%. 2. Landing with the kick. The emphasis of the slapping hand is to move foot turned out to stamp on an adversary’s foot. In forward, rather than down onto the foot. Baguazhang, is a hidden kick, appearing to step with a b%i c! sh!ng ϼţ A scrape, graze, abrasion; a surface, skin bù. 3. In some styles is a kick to the shin or a kick and injury. slide down. Also called lán mén ji%o. From Chuojiao, one of its middle-basin kicks. .rad.145) 1. To judge; decide. 2. To cut into parts) ، cái c"i jìn ؈շ Trampling power: to reach out and land the foot cái pàn ،׈ Officials. A referee, a judge. as if trampling on a poisonous snake. One of Xingyiquan’s five powers. See also gu) jìn, jué jìn, p' jìn, .ş Officials. A referee, a judgecái pàn rén yuán ،׈ shù jìn. cái pàn zh"ng ،׈® Chief official, head judge of a c"i sh!o ji"o ؈ࢿ˫ Stamp on the tip: same as a crushing judging team. kick, but more with the intent to stand on the foot to pin it cái pàn z% ،׈̝ Team of officials in a competition, jury: to allow for another technique. From Xingyiquan. See the team of head judge, A, B, and C judges for Taolu also c%i ji%o. competition. c"i sh&u ér rù sh&u Ѹmóm If grabbed with one hand, control an adversary’s grabbing hand and attack his ӑ (rad.64)Ѹ(rad.165) To pick, pluck, or gather. c"i elbow. From Tanglangquan, one of its twelve soft To grab and pull with a twist. Pluck, which implies a counters, see also shí èr róu. double handed pull, one hand holding steady while the ؈φ other pulls. Usually implies separating with a short power, c"i tu) See c%i ji%o. to change the direction of an incoming attack. c"i tu) bù ؈φǮ Trampling step: stepping forward c"i jìn Ѹշ Plucking power: the power and skill used to circling outward slightly, with the feet turned out to step grab and pluck. on an adversary. Also called ji%o bù. ؈ݩ c"i jiàn ѸӼ Pluck the shoulder: when an adversary is face c"i x# Trample on the knee: from behind, reverse and down on the ground, lift his arm up with the other hand control your adversary’s arm and step on his knee, controlling at the shoulder. pushing it down (allowing it to bend naturally, not a knee break). From wrestling. Ѹ手 Plucking hand: loop around an adversary’s c"i sh&u ؈Ч arm with the wrist to finish with a grab. From c"i y# zh"ng Trample with a Palm: a trampling low Tanglangquan. kick in combination with a rising palm strike. From Chen Taijiquan. (rad.120) (rad.59) Trample on a roving snake: a metaphor ڎɹ c"i Vari-coloured silk. c"i yóu shé ؈Ċ ু c"i chóu ɹߴ Coloured silks or synthetic fabrics attached for the walking of Baguazhang. At each step, the feet must to the handles of broadswords, steel whips, etc. Usually be firm, accurate, steady, and flat, as if trampling on the called flags in English. head and tail of a snake, not allowing it to escape or attack. ɜöרɹ c"i dié liàn hu! Colourful Butterfly Yearns for ܼ (rad.140) cài A surname. Flowers: to escape from a double-handed grab on the ܼMۢ wrist, reach through to use both hands as leverage to twist cài ji! quán Caijiaquan (Cai family fist), a southern out of the grab. style attributed to the Fujian province Shaolin temple and the Cai family, popular in Guangdong province. Known Colourful Phoenix Smooths its ɹկ̰١ c"i fèng sh$ y% of since the mid 1700s. Also called cài quán. Feathers: a front cross step with a cut low behind, ܼϣ࠶ۢ extending both arms, the left reaching up to the front. cài l) fú quán Cailifujia (Cai, Li, and Fu fist), 35 C D head, reaching over and under. From Taiji Changquan. d" héng £ԛ See d% héng zh%ng. d" héng zh"ng £ԛЧ Hit with a crossing palm: bring the hand up on the opposite side then swing across to its own side, getting power from the waist, hitting with the palm edge or back of hand. From Tongbeiquan. Also called d% héng, héng zh%ng. D d" h% bù £ҴǮ Hit the Tiger stance: a side bow stance, a bow stance with the feet parallel but turned. Also called cè g"ng bù. ˁ (rad.64) d! 1. To build, put up, build. 2. To come into £ҴǙ Hit the Tiger position: a double strike or contact. 3. To take (a taxi). d" h% shì block with the fist surfaces facing each other, one high ˁ¹ d! b" 1. Touching hands or crossing arms before and one low. The actual technique varies with styles. May sparring. 2. Since it means the gesture of politeness before be with the fist heels turned outwards, the arms curved, sparring, sometimes is used with the meaning of sparring. one arm over the head or near the temple, the other at chest 3. Taijiquan push hands. or hip height. Often done with one fist over the head and d! qiáo ˁӜ Build a bridge, a forearm technique: keep the one at the knee, either in a raised knee stance, an empty forearm in contact to frame and press up (see also jià) as stance, a bow stance or a horse stance. The fists may be move in with an attack. held close or far from each other. Also called fú h*, w!n g"ng shè h*. See also w* s"ng, w* s"ng d% h*. d! sh&u ˁm See d! b%. d" jià £Ϙ Fighting, scuffling, brawling. d! wàn z&u qu!n ˁ߳ψ 1. Prepare for circle-walking with a partner, by touching wrists. 2. Circle-walking with d" k!ng b!o £जŸ To hit a husk filled bag, a training a partner, touching wrists. From Baguazhang. method to develop hard skills, especially fist, palm, and forearm strikes. The bag is usually about a foot square. (rad.162) 達Ȉ dá 1. To extend. 2. To reach, to attain. d" lèi £ࣹ Sparring by Chinese rules, allowing hitting, 3. To express, to communicate. 4. A surname. kicking, trips, and throwing, but not grappling on the dá mó ȈР Da Mo, a monk from India purported to have ground. developed kungfu training at the Song mountain Shaolin d" lèi tái £ࣹȝ 1. To accept a challenge for a sparring temple. match. 2. To undertake a sparring match. ȈР̱ dá mó jiàn Da Mo sword: a Tanglangquan routine, d" luàn chéng xù m* jìn £˔ʊͦӬշ Seeking power written up as thirty-eight moves. with changing directions: without moving the torso dá mó zhàng ȈѼࢅ Da Mo cane, a Shaolinquan routine outwardly, seek out power lines in random directions. with a rod or cane, written up in forty-nine moves. May be done in different stances or stepping. From Yiquan. Ȉѳۢ Dazunquan (attain respect fist): a style dá z$n quán £͗ from Fujian province, which primarily uses palm d" lún To play the circle: push hands with only the techniques. four basic techniques. From Taijiquan, see also àn, j#, l&, péng. (rad.64) d" 1. To hit; strike. 2. To play a game or play d" quán £ۢ To practice or play drills or routines. Also £ a routine. To play a sport or play the martial arts. 3. The called xíng quán, y%n liàn, y%n quán. category of strikes using hands, arms, or body that exist d" quán ròng yì z&u bù nán £ۢųơǮÛ It is easy in each move. See also sì jì. 4. As one of the eight attack to learn hand techniques, hard to get the stepping and and defense models, to initiate the attack as soon as there stances. A martial saying. is an opportunity. See also b! zì g"ng fáng f% zé. d" s!n x#ng £iĆ To hit the three stars: a training method d" bìn chuí £࣍ࠨ Hit the hairline on the temple: a backfist. with a pole or a partner to develop the forearm strike. Hit Also called f%n bèi chuí. with the forearm, alternating continuously between three Beat the Grass to Startle the strikes on each arm – thumb edge palm down, thumb edge ڎ˨˾£ d" c"o j#ng shé Snake. The 13th of the Thirty-six Stratagems of Warfare, palm up, and little finger edge palm down. which apply to many situations. d" sh&u £m Play hands: old name for push hands. From d" f" £ģ Hits: category of strikes that use the upper limbs, Taijiquan. See also k! sh)u, tu$ sh)u. including fists, open hand, elbows, forearms, and arms. d" w% shù £Ϋ˹ To practice or play Chinese martial arts Common to most styles are b(ng, ch"ng, j#, p$, ti%o, zá, in general. zhuàng. See also sì jì. To attack pressure points. This term includes ۈ£ d" xué d" g% £җ Hit the Drum: an extended double strike to the D 52 E è hóu ࢺۭ Choke: grab an adversary’s throat tightly with the fingers and thumb. From Qinna. :è hóu f" ࢺۭģ Choking, strangling, throttling techniques grabbing the throat with the palm stretched, thumb web on the larynx. ͕͢(rad.184) è 1. Hungry; hunger. 2. Greedy. E è hè xún há ͢ࠆϠԵ Hungry Crane Searches for Frogs: land to a left bow stance and strike with a left extended beak hand on line with the front leg, right hand hooking ਗ਼(rad.31) 1. To decoy. 2. To cheat. é back at the body. The 76th move of the tiger and crane .é quán ਗ਼ۢ Equan (decoy fist): a style known of before the routine :Ming dynasty, written up in general Qi Jiguang's book on è h% b! x#n ͢Ҵݴ8 Hungry Tiger Rakes Out the Heart martial arts. a double shove to the chest, prepared for with a deflection across to tie up an adversary or turn him sideways. From ࢳ੝ࢳ(rad.46) Lofty; high. é Baguazhang, one of its sixty-four hands. See also píng tu$ é méi ࢳচ Relating to Emei mountain or Emei temple. zh%ng. é méi cì ࢳচϝ Emei daggers. A double short weapon, è h% p$ shí ͢ҴӺǍ Hungry Tiger Pounces on its Prey. about thirty centimetres long, sharp at both ends but not 1. From many styles, usually for a pouncing type of action along its length, held with a ring in the middle. striking or pushing with both hands. 2. A straight stab with a sword in Taiji sword. 3. A reverse grip reaching stab é méi quán ࢳচۢ Emeiquan (Emei mountain fist), Emei with a sword in Qingping sword. temple’s category of styles. è h% qín yáng ͢Ҵ࣋˅ Hungry Tiger Catches a Sheep: é méi sh!n ࢳচƞ Emei mountain. One of the famous step to a right reverse bow stance and push/grab through mountains in martial lore, in Sichuan province. with both palms in tiger claws, left further out at head é méi shí èr zhu!ng ࢳচĞÍ࠘ Emei twelve posts: height, right below near its elbow. Lean into the push. The internal health training methods, twelve in all. 61st move of the tiger and crane routine. Hungry Tiger Rips out the Heart, a 8ڃè h% t!o x#n ͢Ҵ Ԫԩ(rad.181) 1. The forehead. 2. A horizontal é knee technique: an outwards opening knee butt to the tablet. belly. Ҵւ֠͢ rad.196) é A goose. Sometimes used è h% zhú lù Hungry Tiger Chases a Deer: twist)ۮ଎ଘۯ in movement names for the actions or qualities of wild an adversary’s elbow and wrist over, pressing both joints geese, see also under bái é. in reverse. ċĎ(rad.10) ̛ˈ(rad.61) è Evil. Fierce. Wicked. ér Child; a youth. Ď̵̜ Child category competition: è h% b! x#n ˈҴݴ8 Fierce Tiger Rakes out the Heart. 1. ér tóng sài A short, strong strike down with the heels of the palms in competition for children under twelve. a pouncing action towards the midsection. May also rake ér tóng z% Ď̵̝ The children’s age group at a down the face or pull down the clothes at the chest. 2. A competition: the under twelve group. double palm out fixed position held in circle-walking: From Baguazhang. See bào yuè zh%ng. ϊ (rad.128) (r 1. Ear, ears. 2. Ear, as one of the five è h% p$ shí ˈҴӺǍ Fierce Tiger Pounces on its Prey. 1. sensory organs, see also w* gu!n. 3. Ear shaped things. Step forward, reaching out and pulling down and back to (r duo. ϊѤ The ear; ears. the hips, leaning forward with the shoulder. From ϊ˒ A sensitive point, just in front of the base of the Wudangquan. 2. Jump the knee up into an adversary's (r g'n chest while pulling or striking down with a double ears. Colloquial term for the Yifeng acupoint. Best to hit pouncing action. From Baguazhang. with the palm edge. ϊPଅ Acupoint Erheliao (ear harmony bone- Վ8 Fierce Snake Bores into the Heart: (r hé liáoڎˈ è shé zu!n x#n drop back and turn sideways while executing a kick to the hole), SJ22. At the head, just above and in front of the ear, navel. at the edge of the hairline (on each side of the head). From TCM. ࢺੳࢺ (rad.64) è 1. To grip; grasp; clutch. 2. (r hòu ϊa Behind the ears. As the ears in general are one Control. 3. Choke, strangle. 4. To restrain. of the main targets on the body, this can also mean in front of the ears. 73 E F ģ (rad.85) f" 1. A law. 2. A method; way; mode. 3. Standard; model. f" lún d"o zhu"n ģ͗ʑĽ The wheel of the Buddhist Law Spins Backwards: continuous horizontal inward bent arm pulling, moving forward. From Tongbeiquan. f" lún yùn zhu"n ģ͗ſĽ The wheel of the Buddhist Law Spins: horizontal inward bent arm pulling, lifting the F knee and shifting back. From Tongbeiquan. (rad.124) S(rad.105)O(rad.29) f! 1. To release (an arrow); ʵ f!n 1. To turn upside down or inside out. 2. send out; discharge, shoot. 2. Send out. From Taijiquan, To wheel around, wheel over, turn over, a turn which one of its four principles of push hands, see also sì zé. pivots rather than stepping around, often involves a rolling action or turning face up. One of the sixteen key Oࢴ Launch a rope dart; release the dart of a rope f! bi!o techniques of Baguazhang, see also shí liù zì jué. dart, shooting it out. ʵ¹Ձ Reverse grip spear: a spear routine Oӯ To be savage, show anger. Considered a fault f!n bà qi!ng f! h(n that utilizes the butt more than usual for a spear. in most styles, and likely to lead to defeat in a fight due to .excess tension. See also h+n. f!n bì ch*ng chuí ʵ͎۬ࣖ Rolled over thrown punch. 1 O`φ Back kick, a swinging kick to the rear An extended flicking backfist to between the eyes. 2. A f! hòu tu) crossing punch. From Baguazhang, one of its sixty-four with the leg slightly bent. From Chuojiao. Also called hands. Also called f%n bì p$ chuí, f%n bì shu!i chuí. yu!n yáng ji%o. Roll Over Fell the Bamboo: bring ږޖʵ۬ Oշ To launch power, issue force, initiate a hit, f!n bì fá zhú f! jìn a sword around with a large slice up to throat height, palm release a strike, throw a punch, shoot, explosive release of up. From Wu Taijiquan. power. Involves first a subtle gathering power within the body then releasing with a coordinated expression f!n ch' ʵ³ Flip the Cart: from a prone position, push off through the body for the targeted strike. An efficiently with hands and feet, flip over in the air, and land on the timed, directed, and regulated energy burst. Some also back with the body still straight. From Ditangquan. call this f! lì. f!n dòng y#n yáng ʵxҦȩ Flip Over Yin and Yang: lift f! lì O 1. Launch strength: most styles use f! lì the left knee and slice a sword up to head height, land and interchangeably with f! jìn. See f! jìn. 2. Some use f! lì to lift the right knee and rotate the wrist to block up with the mean an error, or using brute strength in a f! jìn attempt. blade, then land and lift the left knee and circle to slice up again to the same place. From Qingping sword. f! luò di"n Oɉf Point of contact on an adversary where you are able to control and use a power launch. f!n g%n ʵи Roll over, overturn by rotating. Overturn Flowers Punch: from a single ڇf! sh'ng Oƃ To shout: shout to gain or express power in f!n hu! pào ʵö a technique. Commonly used in southern styles, with the whip posture, spring over with an elbow stab, land and specific traditional sounds of dì, h(i, w!, yì. punch. From Chen Taijiquan. f! sh&u Om To attack, an attack. f!n hu! w% xiù ʵöϓү Overturn Flowers by Twirling O¿m£Ím Fake the first hand the Sleeves: jump and turn while twisting and swinging f! t*u sh&u d" èr sh&u the arms over. This refers to an action you would do with high and hit low with the other. the long sleeves of an old-style Chinese robe. From Chen f! zh!o yào zh%n O΄%ȳ The technique must be Taijiquan. accurate. From Tongbeiquan, one of its requirements. f!n huán di"n tu) ʵʸfφ Rolling continuous poke kicks. From Chuojiao, one of its middle-basin kicks. .rad.4) fá 1. To lack; deficient. 2. Tired; exhausted)֓ f!n ji!ng d"o ha) ʵʮʑĚ Overturn Rivers and Turn .Tired, worn out ֓ fá lì Back the Sea. 1. Rising on one leg, coil the arms from (rad.9) close to the body to open up one high, one low, with ޖ fá 1. To fell, to cut down. 2. To send an opening power. From Chen Taijiquan. 2. Continuous expedition against an enemy. vertical circling with the arms to come over and slap fá shù sòng y&u ޖЉŮ~ Fell a Tree to Send to a Friend: downwards with the back of each hand in succession. stab a sword up to the high right in a right raised knee From Liuhebafa and Taiji Changquan. 3. Cross the stance, land and lift the left knee, slicing down and up to forearm in front of the body then step back and roll the the other side with the palm down, then land into a reverse fist over to punch forward. From Wudangquan. bow stance and chop down, the wrist cocked. From f!n làng jìn ʵŽշ Wave breaking power: to hit by rising Qingping sword. and falling with an action like a breaking wave. One F 76 G fist clenched with the palm down or with the knuckles. Normally used to strike the top of an adversary’s head, like putting a cover on a pot. gài sh'n d!o њ¾н Cover the body with a broadsword: turn around, bringing the blade flat over the head to press down with the flat of the blade. gài tiào bù њͿǮ Covering jump: jump forward, bringing G the rear foot across in front of the leading foot. gài zh"ng њЧ Covering palm, pressing down with the palm down or forward, with the arm curved, thumb inside. Ǜ (rad.66) 1. To change; convert; transform. 2. To g"i The hand passes behind or past the head in its trajectory. alter; revise; modify. 3. To correct; remedy. 4. To switch њࢫ Cover with the elbow, pressing down with over. gài zh&u the elbow or forearm. .g"i pàn Ǜ׈ To alter a judge’s decision or score ̳Ȱ(rad.5, 7)Ȱ (rad.7) g!n 1. Clean. 2. Dry; љ (rad.140)њ(rad.108) 1. A cover, a lid. 2. The gài dried. 3. In martial arts can also refer to a shield. 4. The original, practical, meaning is to put a cover on a pot, traditional character is also pronounced qián, the heaven reaching over to avoid the heat. 3. A hard striking or a trigram, see qián. controlling move downwards. 4. To cover an adversary’s attack by adjusting your power first, such that he is unable ܩܥ(rad.75) g!n 1. A pole. 2. The shaft of a long to attack effectively. wooden weapon. 3. The wooden shaft of a long weapon gài bà њ¹ Cover with the butt of a long weapon: strike that has a metal sleeved tip. strongly downwards with the right hand along the aft- g!n sh&u ܥm A straight punch, thrown directly with little section of the shaft, the left hand along the fore-section. corkscrewing. њǮ Cross-over step, cover step, front cross-over gài bù g!n z-. ܥG Short pole: a thin pole, about 1.1 to 1.4 metres step: rear foot comes through to cross over in front, long, slightly tapering. Both ends are used. Also called stepping forward. bi!n g!n. њǮÈ Cross-over step throw: step the leg gài bù biè g!n z-. bi!n ܥGߙ Pole whip, a soft weapon: rope with a across both of an adversary’s legs, getting in close, then section of wooden staff attached to one end and a metal swing that leg up, turn, and throw him over your hip. From spike attached to the other end. wrestling, a throw. gài bù rù њǮó Cross-over step entry: to enter for a throw ࢹ (rad.118) g!n A pole or rod, usually bamboo. by stepping in crossing the foot in front, used for a turning g!n z-. ࢹG A pole or rod, usually bamboo. throw. rad.130) g!n 1. The liver. 2. The Liver, the organ) ס .gài ch! bù њԬǮ See gài bù gài d" њ£ Covering hit: cover with a palm and straight associated with the Zu Jue Yin channel. It is a yin organ. The Liver meridian. From TCM. See zú jué ס punch over the forearm with the other hand. g!n j#ng gài f" њģ See y! f%. y$n. ऺס gài gùn њݫ Cover with a staff: slide a hand and swing one g!n sh$ Acupoint Ganshu (liver transport), BL18. At end to strike down with the shaft level. the back, level with the depression below spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to the њނǳ8 Cover and Trap, then Pierce gài lán chu!n x#n midline (on each side). From TCM. to the Heart: retreat and draw back a sword, then step forward to pierce. From Taijiquan. ޡ(rad.75) g"n An olive, in conjunction with l%n ޝ. gài ná f" њƯģ Covering grappling hold: grab with the $Olive fist, a hand shape. See lì zh ۢޝޡ g"n l"n quán arms wrapped over and around an adversary’s body, quán. Also called lóng zh' quán. wrapping one arm over his shoulder and one under his arm to grip one wrist in the other hand to keep a strong hold. ƒƓ(rad.156) 1. To pursue, to try to catch. 2. From wrestling. g"n To catch up with; to overtake. 3. To drive; to expel. 4. To .ݫ Cross-over chop: chop down with a staff, hurry; to rushޓgài p# gùn њ crossing the arms to tuck one in at the armpit. g"n bù ƓǮ Catch up step: stride forward with the front gài quán њۢ Downward cover with the fist or forearm, a foot, bring the rear foot up to meet the front foot, then straight swinging punch (can also have the arm slightly stride the front foot forward again. bent) from behind and over the head. Can strike with the G 88 H flat in front of the face. From Qingping sword. h"i d) zh'n Ěȋэ Needle to Sea Bottom. Varies with style, but is generally a low empty stance with one hand reaching out and down, a low strike or move into a throw. From Taijiquan. h"i quán Ě՗ Extraordinary acupoint Haiquan (sea spring), EX-HN11. Inside the mouth, under the tip of the tongue, H on the midline. From TCM. ङ (rad.8) hài The twelfth of the twelve Terrestrial ì (rad.30) h! To breathe out strongly. with the mouth Branches, used in combination with the ten Celestial open. In martial arts, ‘ha’ is one of the specific sounds Stems to designate years, months, days, and hours. For the used to gain or express power in a technique, using the sixty year cycles, see also under d$ng hài, gu#-, j#-, x$n-, breath to assist the power. The use of this word originally yì-. The period of the day from 9:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. comes from the temple doorway guardian Guhyapada, See also dì zh$, ti!n g!n. ‘the blower’, who blows a gust of yellow energy from his hài shí ङ7 The period of the day from 9:00 p.m. to 11:00 mouth. See also h(ng j$n g!ng. p.m. (21:00 – 23:00). h! y!o ìϕ Bend the back, stoop; bow slightly. " ϙ(rad.30) hán 1. To hold in the mouth. 2. To contain; to ࢀ(rad.142) há Frog, toad, usually in combination with 蟆. include. há må shì ࢀࣶȃ Frog posture. From Chuojiao, one of its hán bù ϙǮ Contained step: a type of circle-walking step – low basin kicks. a careful, contained stepping, but not held back to be purposefully slow. From Baguazhang. Ě(rad.85) h"i Sea, ocean. hán róu yu!n y!ng zh"ng ϙϒࣆࢸЧ Soft Mandarin ϕ Seal Stretches its Back: pin an Duck Palms, the sixth routine of Duanquan, written up asגh"i bào sh'n y!o Ě۟ adversary flat on the ground with his legs crossed to lock twenty-four moves. them and your arm around his neck, pressing down on his hán xi*ng ϙҤ Hollow, contain, the chest: keep the back with your knee. From wrestling. shoulders down and very slightly forward, so the chest is h"i d) Ěȋ The sea bottom: colloquial term for the Huiyin held in naturally. The chest feels broad and relaxed. This point, the groin, see also huí y$n. is a requirement in many styles. ϕ Contain the chest and settle theڶh"i d) f!n hu! Ěȋʵö Turn Over Flowers at the Sea hán xi*ng t! y!o ϙҤ Bottom. From Taijiquan. waist. Ěȋ؊ę Scoop up the Moon from the Sea h"i d) l!o yuè Ի(rad.40) hán 1. Cold. 2. Cold: as one of the six qi of Bottom. 1. In Taijiquan, continuous upward slicing with a nature, environmental influences that can cause disease sword. 2. In Baguazhang, to slice with a broadsword when in excess. See also liù qì, liù yín. across close to the ground in a drop stance, then lift up. 3. In Baguazhang, to grab in incoming knee strike at the hán j# bù Ի̮Ǯ Cold Chicken stance: sitting on one leg, knee and ankle, to twist the bent leg outward. 4. In the other touching the toes in front but not weighted (as if Baguazhang, to lift the knee and hook downward with a not wanting to put the foot down in the cold). Usually deerhorn blade, then step forward and scoop up with the called x' bù. other blade. hán ji!n ԻӼ Hunch the shoulders: hunch up the shoulders h"i d) qín áo Ěȋ࣋ॿ Catch the Turtle at the Sea Bottom: as if cold. An error in most styles. turn and do a low reaching stab with a sword, held in a hán jié Իİ Cold binding, a pattern applied in channel reverse grip. From Wu Taijiquan. diagnosis. From TCM. Ěȋéč Fetch Treasure from the Sea h"i d) q% b"o hán máng ch*ng xi!o Իਸ਼͎ࡴ Cold Point Shoots up into Bottom: a low horse stance punching one fist straight the Sky: sit into a low cross stance with a reverse grip slice down in the middle, blocking up with the other. up with a sword behind, to chase after an adversary to cut h"i d) rèn zh'n Ěȋॐэ Thread a Needle at the Sea under his wrist. From Qingping sword. Bottom: a low stab in an empty stance or a drop stance. .rad.85) 1. To contain. 2. Damp and marshy) ڪ h"i d) sh'ng yún Ěȋ>ʁ Generate Clouds at the Sea hán շ Contained power. From Tongbeiquan, one ofڪ Bottom: dodge with a sweeping scoop with a sword. hán jìn Sweep the blade across to the right, turning and shifting its nine types of power, see also j#u g"ng jìn. right, then sweep across to the left, turning and shifting Ҥ Hold the chest without thrusting it out. Theڪ hán xi*ng left. Finally shift again to the right and lift with the blade H 100 J of kicks that involve slapping the foot. Also called j$ xi%ng tu# f%. See for example, b%i lián p!i ji%o, d!n p!i ji%o, l# hé p!i ji%o, xié p!i ji%o. j# xi"ng wài b"i tu) ǰ̈́ğЭφ Outside crescent slap kick: an outside crescent kick contacting with the hand or hands to make a sharp sound. J j# zh"ng ǰЧ A palm strike. 1. A straight pushing strike. 2. To clap the hands together. ǰࢫ ˽(rad.32) j# 1. Base, foundation. 2. An origin. 3. On the j# zh&u An elbow strike: strike the elbow into the palm. basis of. ʴ(rad.85) j# To dash; to surge. As footwork, to surge in ˽ Basic, fundamental. j# b(n on an adversary. j# b(n dòng zuò ˽x© Basic techniques, basic movements. ঙ(rad.118) j# A winnowing basket, a sieve. j# b(n g*ng ˽ǉ Basic skills, basic abilities. j# mén ঙĀ Acupoint Jimen (winnower gate), SP11. At the Foundation, base; basics; underlying. thigh, on the vastus medialis muscle, six cun above ڐ˽ %j# ch acupoint SP10, in line to SP12 (on each leg). From TCM. Ǫ (rad.64) ǰ(rad.17) j# To strike, to hit. To strike ҷ(rad.130) Muscle, muscles; flesh. as if hitting a large bell. j# ҷȱ Muscle, muscles. j# bù ǰǮ Hitting step, skip step: push off the lead foot and j# ròu jump forward, the rear foot tapping the lead foot in the air, ̭ (rad.172)̮ (rad.196) then land the rear foot first. Often used to develop j# 1. A chicken, chickens; momentum for jump kicks. rooster. Often used in movement names, both for their fighting spirit and for the positioning of the legs. For more ǰ£˴ Striking methods, the category of methods j# d" lèi movement names using the actions or qualities of the that include striking with any part of the body. chicken or rooster, see also under hán j$, j$n-, j#n-, y+-. 2. j# d" sh! dài ǰ£ςĉ Heavy bag training. Rooster, as the tenth of the twelve animals from the Chinese zodiac, associated with a twelve year cycle j# d" sh&u b" ǰ£mࣰ Training by punching a small hand symbolic of the earthly branches. The twelve animals held target. make up a sixty year cycle when combined with the five j# dà d!o ǰ(н Striking cut with a big cutter: with the phases. See also dì zh$, sh(ng xiào, w* xíng. right hand near the blade, palm down, cutting edge down, j# bù shì ̮Ǯȃ Chicken stance: a high empty stance, front press down strongly, putting power into the shaft to press foot touching the toes down lightly. down with both the shaft and the blade. j# d!o lián ̮нউ Chicken blade sickle, Rooster sickle: a j# dì chuí ǰNࣖ Pummel the Ground: a low punching traditional weapon, a double-edged straight sword about action to the ground, a take-down or a follow through to eighty centimetres long with a double hooked tip that an adversary on the ground. From Chen Taijiquan. resembles a beak and a cockscomb. From Xinyiquan. .Bombard the Drum: a repeating, building Also called y"ng hu! y!o zi ڇj# g% pào ǰҗ one-two punch to the head. From Chen Taijiquan. j# d'ng tu) ̮࢏φ Chicken thrusts its legs, a combination j# gùn ǰݫ Strike with a staff: hit to either side with the tip kick: first an inch kick to an adversary’s shin, then just on or butt, with the shaft horizontal. landing, a forward thrust kick with the other foot. j# jiàn ǰ̱ Strike with the final few inches of a sword j# tu) ̮φ Chicken legs, a stepping pattern: the legs are blade, striking strongly from the wrist, using either a neither overextended nor over flexed, the crotch is tucked dabbing action or a snapping action. The action may be in with the legs tight together, the feet grip the ground done in any direction. See also b(ng, di%n. steadily, and pass close by each other when stepping. One .j# s!n quán ǰiۢ Three quick punches: three punches in of the requirements of Xingyiquan succession with the same fist, using the other hand to j# xíng ̮ˉ Chicken form of Xingyiquan, involving a cover and scoop. From Chaquan and Fanzi. number of actions done in the way a chicken fights, j# shu) ch*ng yuè ǰ͎ę Hit the Water to Charge the combining soft moves with hard hits. Moon: step back to hit a right bow stance, stabbing a j# xíng bù ̮ˉǮ Chicken form stance or stepping. 1. A sword forward. From Qingping sword. one legged stance, with the unweighted foot held dorsi- j# xi"ng tu) f" ǰ̈́φģ See j$ xi%ng xìng tu# f%. flexed midway at the shin or at the ankle. 2. Circle- ǰ̈́×φģ walking with a specific method of lifting the rear leg, j# xi"ng xìng tu) f" Slap kicks: the category flicking the heel up behind. From Baguazhang. J 118 K k!i hé shì lì VĹñ Open and close testing power: stand in sixty-forty stance with the arms in front of the chest, palms facing, open and close the arms. From Yiquan, one of its combat testing moves. k!i hé zhu!ng VĹ࠘ Open and close stake standing: standing upright with the hands in holding posture, allow the arms to open and close with the breathing. K k!i jìn Vշ Opening power. 1. Spreading open, a close range technique. 2. A light power that opens out a strong attack, making it fail. ૑̖ (rad.64) k! To grab around something. k!i k' Vࡖ Knock open (with a broadsword): to strike or ૑̖ϕ Grab the waist: grab around an adversary's k! y!o block outwards by wrapping the blade around the head. waist to prevent yourself from being thrown. See also gu) n%o d!o. Vŋۢ ૑ݗ (rad.64) k! To scrape; to scrape with a knife. k!i k&u quán Open mouthed fist, a hand shape: the Pronounced g+, also means to scrape. index and middle fingers are tightly clenched and the thumb presses on the middle segment of the index and k! sh&u ૑ݗ m Push hands partner practice. Usually called middle fingers, the little and ring fingers are only loosely tu$ sh)u. From Taijiquan. clenched. From Bajiquan. Vफ़ Open the hips 1. Hip joint training to open and ̖ (rad.25) k" To block, hit or grab (colloquially used for k!i kuà release the hip joints, includes kicks and general exercises its sound). such as stretching, swinging, pressing. 2. The rear hip k" bó z-. ̖ոG Grab the throat. Also called huáng y$ng splayed out in a bow stance, an error. Also called fàng nié sù. kuà. k" j#n ̖؇ Grab a tendon: grab a tendon, artery or vein. k!i lì bù VɥǮ Open parallel standing stance, shoulder From Qinna. width, with straight legs. Also called k!i bù. k" miàn chuí ̖¤ࠨ Hit the Face punch: a rising drilling k!i m" VɃ Open to stance: set up, settle into stance. This punch. From Xingyiquan. refers to horse as in stance, a fighting stance, not to a horse stance. T(rad.169)V(rad.55) 1. To open. 2. Open to k!i k!i mén VĀ Open the door. 1. Take a ready stance for the outside. fighting. 2. Fakes or actions that make an adversary open k!i bù VǮ Open parallel stance, usually shoulder width, his defensive doors, making him vulnerable to getting in with relatively straight legs. Also called k!i lì bù when the close. legs are fully straight. k!i mén f" VĀģ Open the Door techniques: methods to k!i d!ng Vऽ Open the crotch: turn the forward knee out open up an adversary or make him vulnerable to attack. .(in a bow stance, exposing the groin to attack. This is k!i mén quán VĀۢ Kaimenquan (open the doors fist considered an error in most styles, unless the foot and See b! jí quán. knee are turned out in a specific way to suit a specific VĀˤǥ technique. k!i mén yíng kè Open the Door and Greet the Guest: stand up with double straight palm thrusts, then roll Vկ÷ Open the phoenix eye. See fèng y%n k!i fèng y"n the hands back and do double straight punches, then roll quán. again to punch down. From southern styles. :Vࡁ֙ݙ Pull the Bow to Cast Arrows ū Open the Door and Catch aۍk!i g*ng s! jiàn k!i mén zhu* y)ng VĀ pull an adversary's arm out and push to strike the throat. Shadow. 1. Open out the arms to the sides, exposing the From Baguazhang. whole torso as an open target, to draw in an adversary in k!i g*ng shì Vࡁȃ Pull the Bow stance: extend the fist preparation for a counter attack. 2. To take a ready stance forward while pulling back the other by the ear, in an open while making unnecessary moves as if catching a shadow. bow stance. From Bajiquan. An error in most styles. k!i g*ng zh&u Vࡁࢫ Pull the Bow Elbows: open both k!i pì sh!n chu!n V߹ƞӛ Open up Mountains and elbows flat out to the sides with a short power, to strike Rivers: stand up straight with a large hooking swing, the ribs. finally chopping down with the arm aligned with the sword blade, to the right. From Qingping sword. k!i hé bù VĹǮ Open and close stepping: step to the side .by first stepping out then stepping in, keeping the feet k!i quán Vۢ Kaiquan (opening fist). See b! jí quán parallel. k!i sh!n f% Vƞࣤ Mountain opening axe: a long handled

K 138 L other. lán d'ng tu) ނ࢏φ Trap and Thrust kick: an inward hook kick followed by a side kick with the same leg. From Chuojiao. ׇՁ Intercepting outer trap with spear: toނ lán jié qi!ng do an outer trap while bringing the spear back from a stab. lán m" jué ނ Ƀ੆ Horse trapping double stick, a L representative routine of Chaquan, written up as forty-six moves. ނĀ˫ ɫ(rad.64) l! To pull, draw, tug, drag. lán mén ji"o Trapping kick: trap an adversary with the sole of the foot, contacting his foot, knee, or body. A ɫģ Grab and pull sharply back, simultaneously l! f" low kick is specifically also called c%i ji%o. snapping downward. lán mén tu) ނĀφ Trapping kick: hop forward while ɫϘG Pull the moves: practice a routine slowly. l! jià z-. doing a skimming hook up kick. From Chuojiao. ɫVϘG Open up the stance: take a ready l! k!i jià z-. lán ná qi!ng ނƯՁ 1. An outer, then inner trap with a stance for fighting. spear. 2. Traditionally, this dual trapping action done as a l! l! bù ɫɫǮ Pulling steps: take a step in any direction high defense. See also f(ng bì qi!ng, tí l' qi!ng. ,Spear technique of outer trap, inner trap שƯނ !and pull the other foot to follow along. lán ná zh l! m" bù ɫɃǮ Pulling horse stance. stab. Also called f(ng bì qi!ng, y$ qi!ng f(n x$n. See also lán qi!ng, ná qi!ng, zh! qi!ng. l! mó ɫР Pulling the millstone: circle-walking with the lán qi!ng ނՁ Outer trap with a spear, circling counter- body turned at least one-twenty degrees. From ! Baguazhang. clockwise with the shaft horizontal. Parry or cover outward. Also traditionally called wài b% mén fèng. l! ná f" ɫƯģ Pulling grappling hold: pull an adversary into close contact with your body in preparation for a lán sh&u ނm 1. A forearm bar: the forearm in front of the throw. From wrestling. body and horizontal, blocking across the body. This can be single or double arm. From Wing Chun. 2. Close the l! sh!ng ɫţ A strain or sprain injury, a pulled tendon or fist and pull in, turning the fist heart up. From Mojiaquan. muscle injury. lán sh&u mén ނmĀ Lanshoumen (barring hands style) l! tu) ɫφ Pull the leg: hook onto your adversary’s foot and from Henan province, known since the beginning of the pull it forward, releasing your grip on him so he falls Qing dynasty, and spread across the northern provinces. backwards. Known for clear, solid stances and powerful techniques. l! tu) f!n sh'n tiào ɫφʵ¾Ϳ Layout body wheel: jump mۢ Lanshouquan (barring hands fist), aނ lán sh&u quán up and turn the body over fully in the air with the arms southern style, attributed to Emei mountain. and legs open, leaving a leg behind so that body appears ٟ Trapping kick, a trip or throw, curling the legނ #to float in the air. lán t around an adversary’s leg and using leverage for a l! qi!ng ɫՁ Pull a spear: extend the spear behind the body takedown. From wrestling. with the shaft on the body. lán y!o cáng d!o ނϕ̹н Hide a broadsword around the ঻(rad.18) lá A cutting slice with a pulling action towards waist: hide a broadsword with the right hand at the left you. To chop and pull simultaneously to increase the waist, blade flat behind the body, edge out. depth of the cut, like a cook slicing ham with a sharp lán y!o d!o ނϕн Wrap a broadsword around the waist. knife. Used with the large bladed Bagua broadsword. See lán y!o jiàn. ށނ(rad.64) lán General meaning is to bar, block, ϕԛֲ Wrap a broadsword sweepingނ lán y!o héng s"o hold back; impede; obstruct; hinder. Martial meaning is a around the waist: standing still, sweep the blade around at circular cover and trap, keeping pressure away from waist height a full circle and a half, cutting edge leading. yourself controlling to the outside. When deflecting with a blade, refers to using its rear side. When empty hand, is lán y!o jiàn ނϕ̱ Wrap a sword around the waist: with usually with the forearm. With the leg, is a pressure or the blade flat, grip at the waist, tip out, step around, kick to trip. One of the sixteen key techniques of bringing the edge around flat, pushing into the blade (used Baguazhang, see also shí liù zì jué. with the larger bladed Bagua sword). lán dà d!o ނ(н Trap with a big cutter: with the right lán zh&u ނࢫ Obstruct with the elbow, trap, hinder. hand near the blade, circle with both hands so that the blade circles horizontally around from one side to the L 144 M moving into a horse stance, completing the punch with the stance. From Chaquan. m" ch! Ƀܗ Horse fork: a long handled, three tined fork with flat blades on the outer tines. m" hòu p!o d!o Ƀ`Օн Toss the Blade Behind the Horse: stand up straight legged, stepping the right foot in front in a high cross step, cutting a sword downwards M behind. Raise the left arm so the left elbow, right arm, and blade form a straight line heading towards a point a few inches from the ground. From Qingping sword. ૑ɂ૑Ƀ(rad.64) To pull like pulling a horse. m! m" j) Ƀऻ Horse halberd: a double weapon, about forty m! ji!n kào ૑ɃӼǦ Pull into a shoulder strike: if your centimetres long with two parallel blades. The second arm is being pulled, go down and along, moving in to hit blade is attached out halfway along the shaft, out to the with your shoulder. From Xingyiquan. side with a grip so that the weapon can be used double handed, one at the butt and the other on the grip of the ɂɃ(rad.187) m" 1. A horse, horses. 2. Sometimes second blade. refers to stances in general. 3. Sometimes refers to the legs m" shàng ji! bi!n Ƀ'Áߙ Apply a Whip Mounted on a or thighs when describing stances or stepping. 4. Horse, Steed: strike before and behind, like whipping a horse. as the seventh of the twelve animals from the Chinese From Piguaquan. zodiac, associated with a twelve year cycle symbolic of Ƀ'Vࡁ Pull a Bow Mounted on a the earthly branches. The twelve animals make up a sixty m" shàng k!i g*ng year cycle when combined with the five phases. See also Steed: in a horse stance, first cross the arms, bringing the dì zh$, sh(ng xiào, w* xíng. rear arm over to cover, then open out the arms, pulling the For more movement names using the actions or qualities rear arm back and up, and bracing forward with the front of the horse, see also under bái m%, èr-, j$ng-, kuài-, nù-, arm. From Baguazhang. shu!ng-, ti!n-, y+-, y$-, y#-. Showing the close relationship m" xíng Ƀˉ Horse form: charging forward with a double of martial artists with horses, many movement names or single straight jab or ram with the fists. From relate actions done to horses or on horseback, see also Xingyiquan. under cè m%-, huí-, jìn-, j'-, kuà-, l!-, lè-, piàn-, qí-, qi!n- m" yá cì ɃІϝ Horse tooth sword: a straight sword with , tàn-, tuì, xìn-, z)u-, zuò-. twelve tooth-like protuberances on both sides of the blade, m" b'n tí ɃѮࠈ Horse Charges with its Hooves: driving arcing back towards the grip. Used for slashing horses’ forward into a seventy-thirty stance with double straight legs or trapping weapons. jabs or shoving fists. From Xingyiquan. Also called ࠈǉ Horses have the skillأm" y&u jí tí zh# g*ng Ƀ shu!ng m% xíng. of quick hooves. A quality sought in Xingyiquan’s horse m" bù ɃǮ Horse stance, horse riding stance: feet open form. three foot-lengths apart (distance varies with style), feel parallel, thighs parallel with the ground (height varies ͣ(rad.200) má 1. Hemp and the fibre of hemp. 2. Sesame. with style). Also called qí m%, qí m% bù, zuò m% shì. See 3. Numbness, feeling numb or tingling. This is the also zhèng d!ng bù. sensation sought in many control grips. :Wish your Auntie a Long Life םm" bù d)ng zh&u ɃǮ̻ࢫ Horse stance elbow strike: in má g$ xiàn shòu ͣ҉Ո a horse stance, strike upward at the side with the elbow. catch an adversary’s hand and twist the wrist little-finger From Bajiquan. side inwards. m" bù jià d" ɃǮϘ£ Horse stance upper frame and hit: má hu! b!i ͣö࡯ Break the fried dough twist, a wrestling upper frame and punch into a horse stance. In traditional move. See chán tu#. styles the raised arm is often bent and in front of the head. má hu! jìn ͣöշ Fried dough twist power: a torqueing In many northern styles the raised arm is extended above power within in the body. and behind the head. má mù ͣȾ 1. Numb. Numbness. 2. Paralysed. m" bù ji!o ch! sh&u ɃǮǎܗm Horse stance with hands crossed. Often used as a landing from jumps in má què bù ͣܶǮ Sparrow stepping: in a half squat with competition routines. the heel off the ground, kick the other leg forward in a m" bù shu!ng tu# d!n zh) ɃǮňÎŝǭ Horse stance heel kick, alternating legs by jumping to switch them. A double push with the single finger palm shape: sit in horse training method similar to the Cossack kick squat dancing stance and push forward, either slowly with power or move. quickly. From southern styles. má zhàng g"n ͣܢv To have a tingling and distending m" bù tu* d" ɃǮԡ£ Horse stance lift and hit: lift while feeling, especially in reference to stimulating an acupoint. 161 M N methods as the wrist is easy to grab and is quite small and mobile. A category of control used in Qinna. ná x# Ưݩ Knee controls: controlling and throwing by using leverage at the knee joint. A category of control used in Qinna. ná xióng quán ƯӶۢ Seize the bear routine: a routine of Tongbeiquan, written up as twenty moves. Control a pressure point or cavity: to grab or ۈN ná xué Ư poke a pressure point with a controlling grasp, using a thumb and two fingers. From Qinna. Ư਽Ư(rad.64) ná 1. To seize and hold; grasp; Ưɡ Grasp a blood vessel: to grab or pressure over capture, control; put someone in a difficult situation. 2. A ná xuè wrestling takedown: a technique that involves grabbing a blood vessel with a controlling grasp. From Qinna. and lifting the foot of an adversary. 3. A controlling or ná y!o Ưϕ Control the lower back. 1. While the upper grappling technique: to grasp with a twist. 4. The category body maintains a straight position, the lower back and of controlling technique that are in each move. See also sì abdomen swallow in or to left or right. From j$. 5. One of the four principles of Taijiquan push hands. Tongbeiquan. 2. Waist controls, a category of control, See also sì zé. 6. Seize, one of Ziranmen's nineteen main controlling and throwing the waist with leverage. methods. ná zh"ng g% ƯЧϮ Grab the palm bones: when shaking ná f" Ưģ 1. Capture techniques, catch techniques, hands, grasp an adversary’s fingers very firmly and press grasping techniques: category of techniques that include down with the thumb. From Qinna. joint locks, holds, dislocations, pressure point grips, and ná zh"o Ư߇ To grab and twist inward. counters and escapes from controls. Common to most styles are bì, cuò, di!o, f(ng, jié, kòu, ná, xi!o. See also sì ná zh) Ưǭ Finger controls: controlling and using leverage jì. 2. Sometimes refers specifically to joint grasping at the finger joints. These are among the easiest methods, techniques. 3. A treatment method, pinching and pulling as the fingers are easily grabbed and separated. A category firmly. From TCM. of control used in Qinna. ná g% ƯϮ Control a bone: grasp and control an adversary’s ná zh&u Ưࢫ Elbow controls: controlling and using bone structure or head of a small bone, causing pain, leverage at the elbow joint. A category of control used in injury, or loss of control. From Qinna. Qinna. ná ji!n ƯӼ Shoulder controls: a category of Qinna, ná zú huái Ưɩࢯ Foot and ankle controls: controlling and controlling and using leverage at the shoulder joint. throwing by using leverage at the foot and ankle joint. A ná ji' ƯƱ Control a joint by sticking and coiling. From category of control used in Qinna. Qinna. ड (rad.64) 1. To press down; restrain. 2. The Ư؇ nà ná j#n Control a tendon, tendon grasping: grasp and downward right concave character stroke. control an adversary’s tendon, vein or artery. From Qinna. डm 1. To press down and restrain. 2. A pinning nà sh&u ښƯ؇ ná j#n mài Control a tendon or blood vessel: grasp hand: a strong push down with a straight arm at the side and control an adversary’s tendon or blood vessel. From of the body. From Wing Chun. Pronounced gun sau in Qinna. Cantonese. ná jìn Ưշ Seizing strength: grabbing with the palm rather (rad.120) than a full grip, often used with a two handed control Ԓԑ nà 1. To receive; accept. To catch move. Combined with body technique and footwork, used and draw in with hands while rotating the forearm. Uses a to grab or control an adversary. smooth power. ná kòng lèi Ưϡ˴ Grappling methods, the category of ܒ (rad.4) 1. Literary, to be. 2. So; therefore. 3. Only methods that include seizing and controlling. n"i then. 4. You, your. ná qi!ng ƯՁ Inner trap with a spear: circle clockwise and ܒǱǮ 1. A hunkered squat (a position that looks press with the shaft horizontal. To parry inward. Also n"i zì bù traditionally called l# b% mén f(ng. Traditionally, like the character _), squatting with one foot flat, one combined with a stab, called f(ng qi!ng. heel raised, sitting between the feet. 2. A drop stance, both ná tóu jìng Ư¿ۤ Head and neck controls: controlling and feet flat on the ground. May be slightly higher than a full using leverage at the head and neck. A category of control drop stance. Also called p' bù. See also d$ n%i zì bù. used in Qinna. ѵ(rad.126) nài To be able to endure, bear. Ư߳ Wrist controls: controlling and using leverage ná wàn ѵ at the wrist joint. These are among the most common nài lì Endurance, stamina. N 168 P slapping action. p!i j# Ⱥǰ A slap hit: a slapping defensive hit on an incoming punch. p!i ji"o Ⱥ˫ A slap kick, pat kick. p!i sh&u Ⱥm 1. A slap block: control an adversary’s forearm with your palm down, usually slapping and recoiling. 2. A slapping attack to the face. 3. A push to the P outside with a vertical palm. From Wing Chun. p!i tu) Ⱥφ A slap kick, slapping the foot. 1. In competition ݁ (rad.157) p! 1. To lie prone. 2. Leaning over, face Taolu, to slap the foot, leg straight, at shoulder height. 2. down, but not lying down. In Chuojiao, a straight slap kick, one of its middle-basin kicks. Also called kòu j$n zh"ng. 3. In wrestling, to ݁f Leaning poke kick: lean forward to place the p! di"n quickly slap an adversary’s leg to initiate a takedown. hands on the ground and poke kick up to the rear, then Ⱥī A slapping block, usually rebounding into a bring the foot down to ‘stab’ the ground behind the p!i wèi supporting foot. From Chuojiao, one of its middle-basin counter attack. kicks. p!i xi*ng p$ zh&u ȺҤӺࢫ Pat the Chest with an Elbow Pounce: step in with a turning elbow strike, to strike (rad.87) Ҏ pá 1. To crawl; creep. 2. To climb; clamber; directly into the chest with the point of the elbow or to scramble. 3. In wrestling, a throwing technique. press down with the forearm. From Baguazhang, one of pá xíng bù ҎǮ Clambering steps: to hop about its sixty-four hands. Slap a pressure point; hit an acupoint with the ۈalternating with the hands and feet on the ground. From p!i xué Ⱥ Houquan. heel of the palm. See also d% xué. p!i y! Ⱥ̑ Slapping press down: block with the palm, ॼ޿ॼ߀ (rad.127, 167) 1. A harrow (a pá using a slapping action downwards. raking plough); a rake. 2. To rake, to smooth with a rake. Ⱥœ 3. An ancient weapon resembling a rake: a long wooden p!i zh!ng Slapping palms: old term for wrestling. shaft with a single or double five to ten tooth metal rake Usually called shu!i ji!o. Slap like a shock of ¡ףat the end. Pronounced b%, a harrow; to draw a harrow p!i zh"ng sì xùn diàn ȺЧ̧ over a field. electricity. From Tongbeiquan, one of its five pá f" ॼģ Raking technique, takedowns that use an action requirements, see also w* zì y!o qiú. similar to raking: combining a twisting of the upper body (rad.64) with a low placement of the foot to trip up an adversary. ƈ pái 1. To arrange, put in order. 2. A line. 3. To Usually involves an opposite action of arms with the push. catching foot. From wrestling. pái d" g*ng ƈ£ǉ Striking training to develop hard skills. pá ná ॼƯ Rake and lift, takedowns that combine raking Includes bag striking, grabbing, finger drilling, and iron and grabbing: often grabbing and lifting one leg while crotch training. hooking the other, or grabbing and trapping a foot and p"i tún ƈߔ (pronounced p%i in this context) Press with the applying leverage to the leg. From wrestling. buttocks: a counter to a trip or throw. Sit back, rather than pá t# ॼٟ Rake and trip, a takedown: catch the foot in down, into an adversary when in very close quarters, to behind the ankle of your adversary and rake back towards prevent a throw. yourself to trip. From wrestling. ӌ(rad.85) 1. A tributary. 2. A school of thought, sect, pá z-. ॼG 1. A harrow: a raking plough. A rake. 2. A pài takedown, see pá f%. branch. 3. A branch or school of martial arts. pài chuí ӌࣖ A chopping cut with the fist and forearm, Ⱥ (rad.64) p!i 1. To slap, pat, or control with an open turning the fist to strike with the meaty edge of the fist and hand. 2. A downward slam with the palm. bone of the forearm. From Mojiaquan. Ⱥ£Ķǉ Patting cool-down: patting the p!i d" sh*u g*ng δ࢓(rad.64) 1. To drag down, seize and pull. body all over as part of a cool-down. p!n 2. Hold onto, to climb. To clamber; climb by pulling Slap the Flying Butterfly, stepping oneself up. 3. To grab and kick at the same time. 4. To רp!i d" f'i dié Ⱥ£Ǝ into a bow stance, cut across with the rear hand, slice the grab and pull while hooking on behind the neck with the front hand up, then pull it in a fist back to the chest. From other hand. From Wing Chun. Pronounced b!n, to pull; Shaolinquan. turn; to recoup. p!i d"ng Ⱥ׼ Slapping block: block with the palm, using a p!n j)ng sh&u ࢓ۤm Drag the neck: hook the hand onto P 176 Q q# x#ng luò dì ʹĆɉN Seven Stars Land on the Ground: thread the palms forward stepping forward, then set to horse stance pressing down at the thighs. From Wudangquan. q# x#ng quán ʹĆۢ Seven Stars Punch: a straight punch past the crossing forearm of the other arm. (q# x#ng táng láng quán ʹĆबࠕۢ Qixing (seven stars Q Tanglangquan, a branch of Preying Mantis style, known for quick movement. ʹĆ࠘ ʹ(rad.1) q# Seven. q# x#ng zhu!ng 1. Seven star stakes: seven stakes set into the ground (usually wrapped in hemp rope) about ʹ® Seven long: the seven long range techniques q# cháng three feet (one metre) apart in the shape of the seven stars of Tanglangquan. See also chán f(ng shu!ng zh%ng, f!n (three in straight line then four in a square). Used to sh(n jí rù, hán t"ng t"ng bèi, ji%o sh)u k%n zh%ng, shùn bù practice sweep kicks and develop the lower legs to take qiàn sh)u, yáo bù rù sh)u, yíng miàn t"ng chuí. the impact of sweep kicks. 2. Seven star stake standing. q# ch*ng mén ʹ͎Ā Seven gateways to attack: painful Varies with style, may be sitting in a seventy-thirty stance, targets on the body, related to midline acupoints. The turned around to face the rear, the rear hand up and the philtrum, jaw, throat, solar plexus, navel, belly, and groin. front hand at the ribs. See also ch%n mén, fèi mén, guàn mén, hù mén, hún mén, q# yào ʹ૱ The seven luminaries. 1. The sun, moon, metal, x$ mén, y"u mén. wood, water, fire, and earth. 2. In Xingyiquan, see q$ x$ng. ʹԱǦ Seven Inch Lean: drop, move in, and ʹ q# c$n kào q# zì bù ʹǱǮ Character seven ( ) step: take a long step contact an adversary’s shin with your shoulder. From forward with the rear foot and draw the other foot a half Chen Taijiquan. step to the side, so the body has turned to present the side q# c$n tu) ʹԱφ Seven Inch Kick: lift the knee, turn the to an adversary while advancing. foot out and stamp downwards. The foot should lift only (rad.74) about seven inches. From Duanquan. Ŀ q# A period of time; phase; stage. A measure .The seven things that must be quick: eyes, hands, word for periods of time, cycles أʹ q# jí feet, mind, initiation of attack, entry, and bodywork. From q# mén ĿĀ Acupoint Qimen (cycle gate), LR14. At the Xingyiquan. chest, below the nipple, in the sixth intercostal space, four cun from the midline (on each side). From TCM. q# qiào ʹޛ The seven orifices: the mouth and two each of Sensitive to the extent that striking it may cause death. nostrils, ears, and eyes. This point facilitates qi flow through the body – when .q# quán ʹۢ Seven fists. See q$ x$ng. open, the cycle can be completed ʹ̈ Seven flows: seven requirements of smooth q# shùn (rad.76) power flow: the power flows from shoulders to elbows, Ԟ q# 1. To deceive. 2. To bully. 3. To take from elbows to hands, from hands to fingers, from waist advantage of someone’s weakness. to hips, from hips to knees, from knees to feet, and from q# sh'n Ԟ¾ Move in close to take advantage or cause head to body. From Xingyiquan. weakness in an adversary, to initiate or prevent a throw. ʹĆ q# x#ng Seven stars: the seven striking parts of the q# xi*ng ԞҤ Chest press: when in contact, press forward body: feet, knees, hips, hands, elbows, shoulders, head. on an adversary with the chest using all the power of the Also called q$ quán, q$ yào. body. From wrestling. q# x#ng bù ʹĆǮ Seven stars stepping: advance on a (rad.37) zigzag line, not turning on each step, but on every few ʙ qí 1. Strange; rare. 2. Wonderful. 3. To feel steps. strange about something. q# x#ng di"n z-. ʹĆfG Seven stars dot. See d* mén tu#. qí f!ng ʙ Unconventional tactics. :The eight extraordinary vessels ښSeven star stick: a thin stick, usually qí j#ng b! mài ʙʉ .1 ܥq# x#ng g!nr ʹĆ about 1.2 metres long. 2. In Baguazhang, a thin, whippy, the grouping of acupoints that are not within the twelve hollow bamboo pole, containing mercury inside that channels that relate to the organs. From TCM. slides back and forth with the movement, making the qí quán ʙۢ Unusual fist: a fist shape, pressing the thumb whipping strikes very heavy. on the second joint of the middle and ring fingers, leaving q# x#ng jiàn ʹĆ̱ Seven stars sword. 1. A straight sword the index finger bent but unsupported. From with the seven stars engraved on the blade. 2. A traditional Tongbeiquan. sword routine. qí xíng jiàn ʙ̱ Remarkable sword, a traditional sword

185 Q R left with your right foot. 2. Roundabout Kicks, the fifth of Chuojiao's nine literary routines, written up as thirty-nine moves. See also wén tàng zi. rào tu) huàn bà chu!n qi!ng ؖφɊ¹ǳՁ Thread a spear past the leg, switching grip: lift a leg and thread the spear tip out through underneath it. Start out holding a spear in both hands, and switch grips quickly as the spear passes under the leg. ,R ؖ¿Ϧ۬ Coil the head and hook the arm rào tóu guà bì a steep whip technique: vertical circles in front of the s(rad.86) rán 1. Right, correct. 2. So; like that. body, bring the whip to the neck but lifting the hand so that it continues and hooks to the elbow, continuing the rán g% sՖ Acupoint Rangu (blazing valley) KI2. At the circles. foot, on the inside, at the proximal end of the big toe’s metatarsal bone, at the line of the lighter and darker skin rào y!o chu!n qi!ng ؖϕǳՁ Thread a spear past the (on each foot). From TCM. waist: thread the left hand from behind the back to take the spear tip on the right side and pull it back to the left. dc(rad.149) ràng 1. To give way; give ground; Slide the right hand and push the spear to the left so that yield; concede. 2. Let, allow. Offer. 3. As one of the eight the spear tip and shaft stabs out sticking close to the back. attack and defense models, to move to the side, not When the spear butt reaches the left hand, turn and take it engaging on the midline. See also b! zì g"ng fáng f% zé. in the right hand. cٟ Conceding kick: immediately on making ràng t# ď Đ (rad.86) rè 1. Hot. Heat. 2. Fever. 3. contact, pull across to twist your adversary and kick Summerheat, humid heat: one of the six qi of nature, behind his ankle, twisting to take him down on his back. environmental influences that can cause disease when in From wrestling. excess. Also called sh*. See also liù qì, liù yín. ਈ৾(rad.75) ráo An oar, oars. rè sh'n liàn xí Đ¾ϳǹ Warm-up exercises. More commonly called zh*n bèi huó dòng. ҷ Extensor carpiג®ráo cè wàn cháng sh'n j# ৾ؓ߳ radialis longus muscle: a forearm muscle, on the outside, (rad.9) rén Person; people, humanity. the backhand side. Assists in wrist and finger extension, pulling the back of the hand up towards the forearm. rén bù zh# w&, w& dú zh# rén |Ȯ|Only I figure out my adversary, he must not figure me out. A :ráo cè wàn q$ j# ৾ؓ߳Րҷ Flexor carpi radialis muscle martial saying. a forearm muscle, on the inside, the palm side. Assists in wrist and finger flexion, pulling the palm and fingers rén qi!ng wéi y# t), yóu rú q#ng lóng xì shu) Ձ2ï towards the forearm. եș̀ǔMan and spear move as one, moving as ráo g% ৾Ϯ Radius, one of the principle bones of the smoothly as a green dragon playing in water. A martial forearm. The radius is smaller at the elbow and becomes saying. the principle bone at the wrist, at the thumb side. It pivots rén suí d!o z&u, d!o suí rén zhuàn ƵннƵĽ around the ulna for supination and pronation of the hand. The person follows the broadsword, the broadsword turns See also ch# g*. with the person. From Baguazhang. Describes the harmony of movement required with the broadsword. ؘؖ(rad.120)! 1. To go around, detour. 2. To حƵ̱̱Ƶ rào rén suí jiàn z&u, jiàn suí rén xuàn move around; circle. 2. To wind, coil. The person follows the sword, the sword whirls with the rào bì ؖ۬ Wind around the upper arm, into the armpit, to person. From Baguazhang. Describes the harmony of control it while moving in for a throw. From wrestling. movement required with the sword. .ˤ Acupoint Renying (person’s welcome), ST9 rào bù ؖǮ Step around, roundabout step. rén yíng At the neck, about 1.5 cun behind the larynx, at the rào f" ؖģ Detouring methods: Stepping around to avoid forward border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (on or counter attack. Also called gu%i f%. each side). From TCM. Hitting here causes blockage of qi .rào hóu chu!n gùn (qi!ng) ۭؖǳݫՁ Thread a staff and blood and induces dizziness (or spear) past your throat: with the shaft horizontal, bring rén zh*ng . Sensitive point Renzhong (person’s centre), the tip towards the throat, sliding it through the left hand, colloquial term for acupoint Shuigou. See shu# g"u. then shoot it past to the back. rén zì shì Ǳȃ Character for person position: standing rào m" tu) ؖǀφ 1. Roundabout kick: cock the leg with with the legs open to shoulder width, hands down at the the foot turned out and up, then thrust to knee height. This sides, held out at a forty-five degree angle, similar to the will, for example, kick your adversary’s left knee to his R 198 S dantian. The name ‘three attributes’ emphasizes the internal meaning, that it is not just a posture, but is a type of training to develop deep ability. From Xingyiquan. Some branches of Xingyiquan use this name instead of s!n t# shì. Also called s!n t# shì zhu!ng, z# w* zhu!ng. s!n ch! pá iܗॼ A three tined rake. s!n chu!n zh"ng iǳЧ Three piercing palms: three quick S stabs with alternate hands. From Baguazhang and Wudangquan. ,S xíng bù S Ǯ Walking in an S shape. See chu!n lín s!n chuí i۩ Three hangings, three sinkings: the qi bù. shoulders, and elbows should be dropped or sunken. From Xingyiquan, one of its requirements. rad.64) , 1. To scatter; to disperse; cast. 2. An) ֙ s! s" s!n cu# i֋ Three Urgings, or Three Pushes: pressing the expansive throw, swinging the adversary horizontally. distal segments of the body forward from the proximal s" dà w"ng ֙(Ã Cast a Big Net, a large throw, holding segments to create a whole body power. The waist urges your adversary’s belt and swinging him horizontally (this the shoulders forward, the shoulders urge the elbows, and needs a fair bit of strength and good timing). the elbows urge the hands. ,s" sh&u ֙m Block by hitting your adversary's attacking s!n dào i& The three arrivals: in completion of a move hand (with an action like scattering seeds). the eyes, hands, and feet must arrive together in a coordinated way. ࢄ૸(rad.130, 181)ࢄ(rad.130) s!i The cheeks (of s!n dào y!o ilϕ Three Ways with the Waist, a the face). takedown. See dà dé hé. Also called l# d!o g"u, l# g"u. ࢄϮ s!i g% The cheek bones. s!n di"n y# xiàn ifǣ Three points one line: a (rad.1) reference to spear technique. The tip and both hands i s!n Three. Thrice. should form a straight line. s!n b"o ič The three treasures, or valuable things. In s!n d#ng zh"ng iѥЧ Three T palm, a hand shape: thumb nature, the sun, moon, and stars. In humans, essence (see tucked in, fingers separated, index and middle fingers j$ng), qi (see qì), and spirit (see shén). extended, ring and small fingers bent. s!n bào iƇ Three holdings: the dantian holds the qi, s!n d)ng i̻ Three presses, three pressings, three pushing bravery holds the body, and the elbows hold the ribs. against: the crown of the head should press up, the palms From Xingyiquan, one of its requirements should press forward or outward, and the tongue should s!n bìng iʄ Three diseases: see s!n jí. press up to the palate. From Baguazhang and Xingyiquan. iѐ Three poisonous things: the heart/mind, the s!n bù gòu iȼ Three Insufficiencies: inadequate s!n dú duration of training, inadequate angle of stance, eyes, and the hands should be fierce. From Xingyiquan, inadequate intent. Any one of these three may prevent you one of its requirements. from advancing in stake standing. From Yiquan. s!n gu!n ià Three passes. 1. Three ways in that must be s!n bù luò iɉ Three Without Landing: a three kick protected or that give a way in on the adversary. The combination – front slap kick, landing with a hop slap to shoulders, elbows, and wrists are the three passes of the the other foot kicked up to the buttocks, then a flying upper limbs. The hips, knees and ankles are the three outside crescent kick. From northern styles. passes of the lower limbs. 2. The three passes in meridian flow in the torso: three sets of acupoints in the torso that iࢰ The three ‘not disorderly’: the mind s!n bù w(n must be unblocked to allow the others to flow (the Spine must not be flustered, the hands must not be rushed, and Squeezing pass, the Coccyx pass, and the Jade Pillow the feet must not be confused. pass). See also ji! jí gu!n, w+i l' gu!n, yù zh+n gu!n. i s!n cái The three attributes, three powers. 1. Heavens, s!n guó iK Three Kingdoms period (220-280). See also humanity, and earth. 2. Head, hands, and feet; the upper, sh* hàn, wèi, wú. middle, and lower basins of the body. 3. Body, spirit, and iɔ Three calamities: to hold the breath, to use qi. s!n hài brute strength, and to puff up the chest and suck in the iǮ Three attribute stepping: advance the s!n cái bù belly. The internal styles consider that these three actions lead foot at an angle, bring the rear foot to the ankle and infringe on the natural flow in the body. advance it at an angle. Also called shé xíng qián bù. iĹ The three unities: three things that are united i࠘ s!n hé s!n cái zhu!ng Three attribute standing. Varies or in harmony, divided into the three internal and three with style, usually is a seventy-thirty stance with the front external unities. See also liù hé, s!n nèi hé, s!n wài hé. hand forward at eyebrow height and the rear hand at the S 202 T ࣝ(rad.157) tà See tà 踏. .׵(rad.130) t!i Embryo, foetus t!i lì ׵ Natural strength. See b+n lì. Also called xi!n ti!n lì. t!i x# ׵Ī Embryo breathing: easy breathing that cannot be T heard. .৩׭(rad.64) tái To raise, lift, carry rad.32) 1. To collapse; fall down; cave in. 2. To) ڶ -t! tái ji"o ׭˫ 1. Raise the foot. 2. Often refers to dorsi implode. Sink. 3. To settle down, sink down. flexing the foot to raise the toes, in an action like hooking .Ǯ Settling chicken stance: with the feet front onto an adversary for a trip̮ڶ t! j# bù and back, sit on the rear leg and extend the front leg tái tóu ׭¿ Raise the head. 1. If lying on the stomach, lift straight with the heel on the ground. Similar to an empty the head up off the ground. 2. If standing up, raise the stance but for the extension and placement of the heel. chin. ߳ Sit the wrist, settle the wrist down (with theڶ t! wàn tái zh&u ׭ࢫ Raise the elbow: grab your adversary's hand arm extended). at the wrist and pull it forward, turning and using your .ϕ Flatten the lower back to form a straight line up forearm to lift his elbow, reversing it. From Qinnaڶ t! y!o to the head, aligning the vertebrae. In some styles this means that the lumbar vertebrae are pulled in so that the u(rad.37) tài 1. Great, to the extreme. 2. Highest, more lower back is slightly arched. or most. 3. Excessively; extremely. Ч 1. To tamp with the palm to cause an tài bái uí Acupoint Taibai (supreme white), SP3. At theڶ t! zh"ng adversary to cave in. Sometimes used to mean the same foot, behind the proximal segment of the big toe (on each as a push, but should be used for a heavier, dropping foot). From TCM. shock, not a push. Sometimes written ਗ or Ҙ for this tài ch*ng u͎ Acupoint Taichong (great surge), LR3. At technique, see also tà below. the foot, on the top, between the tendons of the big and second toes, near where the metacarpals come together ਗ (rad.64) 1. The original meaning is to make rubbings tà (on each foot). From TCM. from stone inscriptions, an action that is a rolling pat, or uÌ۩ʘ tamping. 2. To crush, stamp, tamp with the hand. tài g*ng chuí diào Great-grandfather Goes Fishing: step forward into a high empty stance and lift the ਗЧ To shock with the palm, tamp firmly with the tà zh"ng butt of a staff up over the head with the right hand, palm. Could almost be translated as bounce, but is a sweeping and chopping with the tip down, the left hand heavier power that comes from the body. Sometimes just past midway along the staff. From Baguazhang. Ҙ ڶ written or for this technique, see also t! above and uÌʘĸȃ tà below. tài g*ng diào yú shì Great-grandfather Goes Fishing model. One of twenty-four classic spear moves. ࡶࡵ(rad.64) tà To whip; flog. Most spear routines will have a move with a like name. In ࡵӜ general, this name refers to smooth techniques such as tà qiáo Whipping bridge, a forearm technique: with an rubbing with the shaft. internal rotation, snap the forearm down. tài g*ng zhí g!n uÌЬࢹ Great-grandfather Holds the Ҙ (rad.157) tà To step on, tread, stamp. Sometimes written Rod: step to an empty stance and dab with a sword. From Qingping sword. 蹋 with the same meaning. uP̱ Great Peace sword, a Wudang sword ҘǮ Stomp, a stamp that drives forward. Bring in the tài hé jiàn tà bù routine, written up as sixty moves. rear foot, plant it on the ground beside the front foot, then move the front foot forward. tài jí uʕ The supreme ultimate, the undifferentiated whole of the universe sorted into yin and yang. tà jìn Ҙշ Stamping power: settle the body down heavily. uʕʬG Taiji stick: a short stick, about (.-ҘӼ۵۬ Stand on the shoulder to dislocate tài jí b!ng (z tà ji!n xiè bì the length and thickness of a forearm, attributed to the the arm: when your adversary is face down on the ground, original use of a rolling pin for training. Used in Taijiquan put your foot on the back of his shoulder/armpit and pull to train coiling power and controlling ability. his arm back. uʕͩ8 The Supreme Ultimate Fills the ҘЧ Tamp with the palm: place the palm down tài jí b% x#n tà zh"ng Heart: snap from a bow stance to the other side bow then apply abrupt, shocking power down. stance, to stab a sword forward in a reverse bow stance. 233 T W Crooked and tilted: the neck, head, or body ܆ظ w!i xié tilted to the side. An error in many styles. ğ (rad.36) wài Outside; outer; outward. wài b" ğ¹ Outer grip: holding a short weapon in a normal grip, turning the palm facing away from yourself. wài b" mén fèng ğ¹Āӄ Outside sealing off the gate. W See lán qi!ng. wài b" mén jiù hù ğ¹ĀΨˇ Outside gate save: retreat Ӱ(rad.30) w! Original meaning is the sound of crying. doing an outer cover with a spear, then retreat again with In the martial arts, especially in southern styles, it is a a stab. shout to gain or express power in a technique. wài b!i ğ࡯ Outward break off. 1. Grab an adversary's hand in a reverse grip, turn it over and hyper-flex his wrist, (rad.64) w! To dig, excavate. taking him down. You can add to the effect by flexing his ا ݫ Uproot with a staff: chop across from the side fingers as well. Also called chè chì. 2. Step out, pressingا w! gùn with a staff, stopping sharply when extended in front. the thighs outward. ğЭ Outer step, outer circling step: step out, ؇ Uproot a tendon: dig into an adversary to grasp wài b"iا w! j#n and pull a tendon, artery, or vein. From Qinna. turning the leg and foot outward. Outer Swinging Lotus. 1. An outside זğЭ Ǯ Digging steps: walking away (walking wài b"i liánا w! xíng bù forwards but looking back), legs bent, digging into the crescent kick, without a slap. Also called wài b%i tu#, wài ground with the balls of the feet as if kicking sand in an bi!o tu#. 2. A jumping outside crescent kick. adversary's eyes as you get away. wài b"i p!i ji"o ğЭȺ˫ Outside slapping crescent kick. wài b"i tu) ğЭφ Outer crescent kick, a straight swinging ܇(rad.98) Tile, roof tile made of clay. w" kick to the outside, without a slap. From Chuojiao, one of ࡢۢ Roof ridge fist, a hand shape. 1. In its middle-basin kicks. In the category of straight܇ w" léng quán Tongbeiquan, the thumb is tucked on the index finger, the swinging kicks, see also zhí b%i xìng tu# f%. Also called fist is clenched but the other fingers spread the knuckles wài b%i lián, wài bi!o tu#. outward. 2. In Shaolinquan, the fist is tightly clenched and wài bì hóng mén ğҾ߂Ā Close the Outer Door to the the thumb tucked along the index finger eye. Feast. 1. Circle the tip of a staff, then strike sharply across w" léng zh"ng ܇ࡢЧ Roof ridge palm, a hand shape: the to the outside. From Baguazhang. 2. Move forward to a fingers are together and naturally straight, drawing the rasping sword strike in a reverse bow stance. From palm in. The thumb and index finger are spread apart, and Qingping sword. See also hóng mén yàn, nèi bì hóng mén. the thumb is tucked in. From Piguaquan. wài b'ng ğ੢ Outer draw, a wrist snap with a straight w" l&ng zh"ng ܇ߚЧ Roof tile palm, a hand shape: thumb sword to cut an adversary's wrist from the outside. See and little finger gathered slightly, middle, index and ring also nèi b(ng. fingers pulled back slightly, palm centre slightly hollow, wài bi!o tu) ğਚφ Outward waving leg: a straight swing all fingers slightly gathered. From Chen Taijiquan. kick outwards. From Mizongquan. Also called wài b%i w" miàn zh"ng ܇¤Ч Tile face palm, a hand shape: the lián, wài b%i tu#. fingers are together and bent at the second joint. The wài c"i ğѸ Outer pluck: use the forearm to cover up a thumb is tucked into the thumb web. From Piguaquan. In punch to the head, circle outwards and turn the hand to some styles, the fingers are straight. grab an adversary's wrist. ğԬǮ ૑ğ (rad.64) w!i 1. Using the whole of the foot to pivot wài ch! bù Outside insertion step: lift the leading with a short, sharp movement, keeping firmly on the foot and bring it from the inside to step into your ground. 2. Wrestling throws that use this movement adversary's stance, from the outside. (pivoting whilst keeping the feet on the ground). wài ch! tu) ğԬφ Outside insertion kick: step your leg into your adversary's stance, outside his stance, pressing (rad.64) w!i A torqueing takedown, using twisting with the inside of your leg. From Chuojiao, one of its ظ૑ from the side to take an adversary into an awkward middle-basin kicks. ʎφ Outside coilingيposition. From wrestling. wài ch! xi"o chán s# tu) ğԬA insertion: step your leg into your adversary's stance, ,rad.77) Crooked, askew, inclined. In martial arts) ظ w!i contacting at his ankle, outside his stance, pressing into often meaning as an error. your knee to control at the shin. From Chuojiao, one of its

253 W X Moon. 1. In an open horse stance, brace high with one arm while pushing though underneath with the other, tilting the body. 2. Sit into a resting stance with the arms embracing to tuck and press with the deerhorn blades at shoulder height. From Baguazhang. 3. Cover and strike through over top the forward hand. From Liuhebafa. 4. A long back cross step with a high reverse slice up behind with a sword, leaning forward to get more height. From X Qingping sword. x# niú xià shu) ݕȄ4 Water Buffalo Goes into the ͛ (rad.30) 1. To breathe in, inhale. 2. As body Water: sit back to empty stance, pulling and pressing x# down. From southern styles. technique, to absorb; to suck in. 3. To absorb an adversary’s attempt at a throw and prevent the throw. x# niú yìn shu) ݕȄϯ Rhinoceros Drinks Water: a knee butt to the groin. x# huà zh"ng ͛ƑЧ Absorbing palm: absorb and alter the incoming force by sticking to and following an adversary. x# niú zhèng ji"o ݕȄՊʚ Water Buffalo Gores with its Used in Baguazhang. Horns: butt with the elbow and knee simultaneously. ͛फ़ To absorb into the hip joints, 'breathe' into the x# kuà ݩ (rad.130) Knee, the knees. Often pronounced q$ in hip joints. x# the martial arts in colloquial speech. x# mén ͛Ā Sensitive point Ximen (breathing gateway). .x# bì g*ng ݩ۬ǉ 1. Training the knee and elbow strikes The softest point of the throat, at the depression between 2. The skill of the knees, shins, and elbow strikes. the two collarbones, on the midline. One of seven painful ,gateways to attack that are related to midline acupoints. x# bìn g% ݩ৑Ϯ The patella, the knee cap. An easy target See also q$ ch"ng mén. but a very sensitive point. Alright to strike with hammer x# y!o ͛ϕ To absorb into the waist, suck in the waist. fist, but kick to this point only in extremity. x# cè ݩؓ The side of the knee. An easy target, but ੧ (rad.64) x# To collect; draw in; gather; receive. crippling. Kick to this point only if in real danger. .x# zhèng ੧ଗ Collecting elbow: a vertical downward block x# f! lì ݩO A knee strike, and training for knee strikes with the elbow and forearm. From Yiquan. .x# f" ݩģ Knee striking techniques ݕ (rad.93) 1. Sharp-edged and hard (weapons). 2. A x# ݩϬ· A knee foul in a Sanda or wrestling rhinoceros. 3. The reference is often to a water buffalo, x# fàn guì which is common in Chinese fields, and a natural analogy competition. .*to use. It has large side horns rather than the single nose x# gài ݩњ The patella, the knee cap. See x$ bìn g horn of the rhinoceros. x# gu!n ݩà Acupoint Xiguan (knee pass), LR7. At the x# b#ng ݕҫ Sharp weapons. calf, behind the head of the tibia, in the medial head of the x# niú biè ji"o ݕȄÈʚ Rhinoceros Jams with its Horn: gastrocnemius, one cun behind acupoint Yinlingquan (on drive your knee into the thigh or groin of an adversary as each leg). From TCM. .he does a high kick. x# gu!n jié ݩàƱ The knee joint .x# niú d)ng ji"o ݕȄ̻ʚ Rhinoceros Stabs with its Horn: x# w* ݩ֖ The depression behind the knee. An easy target ,(a snap kick punch landing into a horse stance elbow strike. x# y"n ݩ÷ Extraordinary acupoint Xiyan (eye of the knee From Yangjia style. EX-LE5. At the knee, at the depressions made on either x# niú f'n shu) ݕȄF Water Buffalo Splits the Water: side of the patellar ligament (two on each leg, inside and a bow stance double stabbing palm. From Piguaquan. outside). From TCM. When used in movement .x# niú g'ng tián ݕȄԎқ Water Buffalo Tills the Field: descriptions, usually refers to the inner depressions lower the tip of a pole and push it forward, both hands x# yáng gu!n ݩȩà Acupoint Xiyangguan (knee yang with the palms up, rear hand at the butt, front hand joint), GB33. At the knee, on the outside, three cun above extended along the shaft. From Ziwu pole. acupoint Yanglingquan (on each leg). From TCM. x# niú g*ng ji"o ݕȄՊʚ Rhinoceros Attacks with its x# y!o cu# zú ér zú bù ní x# ݩ%֋ɩɩ׆ݩ Horn: drive your knee into the belly of an adversary. Power should flow from knees to feet, the feet should not .ʚ Water Buffalo Swings its run counter to the knees. From Xingyiquanٹx# niú shu!i ji"o ݕȄ Horns: turn around with a snapping palm strike. From þ(rad.146) West, Western, Westerly. Piguaquan. x# þ x# niú wàng yuè ݕȄıę Water Buffalo Gazes at the x# f!ng The West. Sometimes written descriptions of 263 X Y wrist pressure techniques, pressing the hand directly to the forearm. From Qinna. y! wàn d!n tu# sh&u ̑߳ŝÎm Wrist press down push hands: fixed step push hands with single hand connection, back and forth pressing down. From Taijiquan. y! xià ji!n ̑4Ӽ Press the shoulder down: press down with the head of your shoulder on an incoming attack, Y applying pressure from the whole body. y! xi*ng ̑Ҥ Chest press: when in contact, press down on an adversary with the chest using all the power of the ̒̑ (rad.32) 1. To press down; hold down; y! body. From wrestling. weigh down. 2. In wrestling includes pressing down with .%ģ Cavity press methods. See di%n xué fۈ̑ the entire body. 3. Press, one of the falling hands in y! xué f" Chuojiao, see also luò sh)u. 4. To grasp and press down y! zh&u ̑ࢫ Elbow press, arm bar. Lift the bent elbow and on an acupuncture needle and turn clockwise slowly, then press down to the opposite side. One way is to get an hold, to encourage the qi to arrive at the needle. From adversary’s arm across your shoulder, roll your arm over TCM. his arm to press down the elbow with the arm trapped. y! àn ̑ͻ Press with the fingers, a channel palpation y! zhuàn d!o ̑Ľн Turning press down with a method. From TCM. broadsword: circle-walking pressing the blade flat down y! bà ̑¹ Press down with the base. 1. Press down with in front of the body. From Baguazhang. the butt of a long weapon. 2. Press down with the palm on (rad.196) the handgrip of a short weapon, opening your grip slightly ް ଏ ޯ y! A crow, crows. For at the little finger to ensure a solid push down with the movement names referencing crows, see under w' y!. palm. y! zu) Π࡮ Crow beak: a fist with the index finger slightly y! bì tu* wàn ̑۬в߳ Press the arm wrist release: press extended, the thumb pressing on its first segment. Used in down on the forearm when gripped with a one handed Shaolinquan, particularly for hitting pressure points. grab on the wrist. From wrestling. rad.196) y! A duck, ducks. For movement) ٶٷ y! biàn ̑ߙ Press the whip. See y! qiáo. names referencing ducks, see under b%o y!. y! f" ̑ģ Pressing methods: press down on an adversary’s Yaxingquan (duck form fist). An ۢˉٶ y! xíng quán joint with whatever part your body is in contact. Also imitative style with short and solid techniques. called gài f%. y! ji!n ̑Ӽ Shoulder press. 1. Press the shoulder: grab an І(rad.92) yá 1. Tooth, teeth. 2. Tooth-like thing. 3. Ivory. adversary’s wrist and twist it over while pressing down on .Tooth, teeth مІ his shoulder from the back. 2. A shoulder press exercise: yá ch) lean forward with the hands on a support, using the upper yá hù shì ІਆǙ Ivory Tablet posture: drop back, pressing body weight to open the shoulder joints. 3. A close range, a sword blade down at the side, then step forward and stab controlling, move, pressing with the shoulder. directly to the throat. From Yang Taijiquan. y! jiàn ̱̑ Press down with the flat of the blade of a yá s!i Іࢄ The cheek at the teeth: a sensitive point on the sword, palm down, tip forward. cheek, below the cheekbone. Îݩ Press down the neck and push theۤ̑ (rad.30)ހy! j#ng tu# x# ݘ knee: in a clinch, with an adversary embracing your knees y" 1. Dumb, mute. 2. Cries of a crow. from the front, press down on his neck with one hand and 3. Hoarse, husky. push and lift his knee, dropping to take him down on his y" mén ހĀ Acupoint Yamen (mute’s gate), DU15. At the face. nape of the neck, 0.5 cun into the rear hairline, in the y! qiáo ̑Ӝ Press the bridge: press down with the forearm depression below the first cervical vertebra, on the with the elbow bent, the forearm flat. A defensive move. midline. From TCM. A sensitive point, striking it may Also called y! bi!n. induce temporary dumbness, dizziness, or even unconsciousness. ̑φ Press the legs: stretch the legs and back by ۈހ (y! tu setting one leg straight on a support and pressing down, a y" xué Dumbness points: pressure points that striking passive or rocking stretch. can cause so much pain the person cannot even call out. Lightly striking the death or crippling points may cause ̑߳ Pressing wrist lock. 1. If an adversary’s hand y! wàn this. See also cán xué, s# xué. is on your shoulder, reach across to press one hand to keep his hand there, lift the same side arm then bring it down to control his wrist with a shearing force. 2. Non-twisting Y 278 Z .Acupoint Zanzhu (bamboo gathering), BL2 ږz"n zhú ρ At the face, at the inside corner of the eyebrow (on each side). From TCM. ԳԲ(rad.72) zàn Of short duration. Temporary. zàn tíng Բɨ Time out in a competition. Z ਂ਀(rad.167) zàn 1. To engrave. 2. To chisel. zàn tu) Բɨ Chisel kick: a poke kick leaning back to put ϴ (rad.112) zá 1. To break, smash. Shatter. 2. As a hand the hip into it. From Baguazhang. Usually called di%n tu#. technique: to pound, tamp. 3. Pound, one of the falling խӲ (rad.130) The yin organs of the body, hands in Chuojiao, see also luò sh)u. zàng ϴģ the viscera: Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Heart, and zá f" Smashing method: to pound the fist down, Pericardium. The yin organs deal with the inside especially onto a joint. environment of the body, produce and store qi, and zá quán ϴۢ Smashing punch, a hammer fist downwards generate the fluids of the body. From TCM. Also called with a backfist. w* zàng. See also fèi, g!n, pí, shèn, x$n, x$n b!o. See also f*. zá zh&u ϴࢫ Smash with the elbow. 1. An arcing strike rad.86) zào 1. Dry. 2. Dryness: one of the six qi of) ڙ upwards with the elbow bent. 2. A strong press with the forearm to an adversary’s elbow, as a takedown. nature, environmental influences that can cause disease zá zhu!ng ϴ࠘ Tamping stake stance and power training. when in excess. See also liù qì, liù yín. From TCM. In a sixty-forty stance with the arms in a pressing position, compress slightly back and forth, with a tamping action ɏ (rad.162) zào 1. The standard meaning is to make; with the front or rear foot to find whole body power. From build; create. 2. To create an opening: feint intended to Xingyiquan. draw a counter, to prepare the way for one’s own counter attack. ζ (rad.172)ε (rad.75) zá Mixed; miscellaneous; sundry. ঈ (rad.9) zè 1. Narrow. 2. To tilt. zá shì chuí εǙࣖ Mixture of moves fists: a routine of zè di"n tu) ঈfφ Slanting poke kick. From Chuojiao, one Xingyiquan, written up as forty-one to forty-seven moves. of its middle-basin kicks. Also called zhá shì quán. rad.64) To stab, plunge)ש(ગ (rad.64, 120ש (rad.75) zh! ߈ z!i 1. To stick in, insert. 2. To plant; to grow into. Usually used for thick blades such as spear and a plant. broadsword rather than thin blades such as straight sword. н Stab with a broadsword. The edge may be inש z!i b'i ߈ݸ A straight front break fall: a straight forward zh! d!o fall, breaking with the forearms, keeping the body any direction, as long as the tip is stabbing straight ahead, straight. the arm and blade forming a straight line. ߾ Stab with hooks: with the double hooks, turnש z!i chuí ߈ࣖ A planting hammer fist, a downward punch, zh! g*u landing low. From Wu Taijiquan. the blades to strike with the sharpened tips at the grip end. Ƀ Stab the stance: regularly sit in horse stanceש "z!i quán ߈ۢ A planting punch, a downward punch with zh! m the knuckles, landing low. for extended periods of time to build up the endurance and .z!i quán f! lì ߈ۢO A planting punch: a dropping conditioning for the stance Ձ Stab with a spear: the spear travels in aש punch, but remaining in a high stance. From Yiquan. zh! qi!ng z!i zh&u ߈ࢫ To plant the elbow: a downward strike with straight line to the tip, the left hand slides to meet the right the point of the elbow. hand. Sometimes called cì qi!ng. ǽɃǙ Stab the horse sitting stance: sitש zh! zuò m" shì (rad.159) úû zài 1. To carry, hold. 2. To be loaded firmly into a horse stance. with. ૒(rad.64) zài zh&u ûࢫ Stab down with the elbow in a cocked zh! 1. To spread one’s fingers. 2. To pick up position. something with the fingers. πρ(rad.64) z"n To accumulate; hoard; save. Also pronounced cuán, see cuán. Z 300 CHARACTER INDEX BY RADICAL ORDER EACH COLUMN: ADDED STROKES | TRADITIONAL CHARACTER | SIMPLIFIED (~ IF SAME) | PINYIN | PAGE NUMBER ર લ ઱ ܦ ੊ Í ઺ Ď ó ʉ

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3 Ƣ dài 55 9 ੍ b# 27 !"#$%&'("%)*+,)-#" "(5)" 36 ؒ 154 ͟ ! ! V! lìng ! ! ! ! cè ! y) 287 ֞ 266 Ʌ 121 ܦ 0 "(1)" ! ! V! xi!n ! ! ! ! ji" ! Ҹ 180 303 ڂ ji% 135 ̚ 1 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! zhàng ! ! ! V! pi!n ! 0 y# 285 6 ˔ luàn 158 4 ޖ 76 ɨ 245 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! fá ! ! ! V! tíng ! ѥ d#ng 66 7 ׂ r% 200 ָ 79 Α 246 1 ! ! V! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! f"ng ! ! ! V! t*u ! ࢧ 255 84 ٺ q# 185 10 ̳ g!n 88 ʹ ! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! ! ! V! fú ! ! ! V! w'i ! 2 i s!n 202 ̳ qián 188 Ĺ hé 101 ঱ 279 ! ! V! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! ! ! V! y"n ! ' shàng 207 12 ˑ luàn 158 * 115 11 Ŵ 47 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! ! ! V! huì ! ! V! chuán ! Ț wàn 255 Ƭ 199 ֋ 50 ! ! V! ! ! ! ੊"(6)" ! ! ! ! rèn ! ! ! ! cu# ! 4 xià 264 ţ 207 Ţ 207 ! ! ! ! ! ! V! sh!ng ! ! ! V! sh!ng ! zhàng 303 ."#$%&'("%)*+,)-# ˕ 274 Ŵ 313 ֟ ! ! V! ! ! ! ! xi$ ! ! ! ! zhuàn 3 32 V! bù ! ֯ y"ng 281 12 ݓ s'ng 206 ! ! ("/01" ! ! ! V! ! ! ! ! ! յ ch&u 46 5 47 ੎ 266 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! chuán ! ! ! V! xi!n ! 4 ࣏ b)ng 30 0 Í 74 ɲ 62 13 ܧ 124 ! ! V! ! èr ! ! d# ! ! ! ! ji!ng ! ߻ qi$ 194 1 Ȱ 88 ѯ 84 ۶ yì 287 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! g!n ! ! ! V! fó ! ! ! V! ! Ð shì 216 2 θ 110 152 14 ࡿ 200 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! hù ! ! ! V! li"ng ! ! ! ! rú 5 α ΰ 68 j)ng 134 n) 171 ځ $V! di ! ! ! ! V! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V&! ! "(10)" 210 ג Ƌ 260 ! ! ¸! "(2)" ! ! ! V! w% ! ! ! V! sh'n ! ʁ 298 ï 240 ! ! V! yún ! ! ! V! t) ! 0 Ď ér 73 3 И f'ng 82 ӆ yú 293 2 Ļ 295 ! ! Ã! "(8)" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! yuán ! zh*ng, 309 ׸ zhàn 302 4 ˏ 45 . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! ch*ng ! zhòng 311 3 Ż 216 ŵ zhuàn 313 ľ 96 ! ! V! shì ! ! ! ! ! ! V! gu!ng ! 5 ł bìng 31 4 ङ 100 © zuò 320 ǯ 267 ! ! V! hài ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! xi!n ! ׏ chuàn 48 ǎ 125 6 ݀ bìng 31 5 ؑ 71 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! V! ji!o ! ! ! V! ! ! ! V! duì ! ʰ bìng 31 6 ɗ 133 ؓ cè 36 ʣ 140 7 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! j#ng ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! kè ! Ə 285 ֑ ji! 120 ੏ 247 ! ! ! ¼"(3)" ! ! ! V! yè ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! tù ! ȏ 152 ֑ xiá 264 6 ċ 73 7 ! ! ! liàng ! ! ! ! ! ér tù 247 פ ६ yáng 280 285 ੋ 288 ̞ 2 yì ! ! V! yè ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3 ਲ 29 8 ƨ lí 147 7 ŷ b"o 23 7 ࡫ 140 ! ! ! biàn ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! ! kè 68 ں ր xiá 264 9 56 ֔ ! ! V! d!n ! ! ! ! ! ! V! ! ! ! ! d*u ! kÀ (9) 272 zh# 306 " " ! ! ! xìn ! ! ! V! ! ! ! Vn! ! 4 312 ʯ xi$ 274 "(11)" ! ! V! zh% ! 0 rén 199 ! ! V! ! 8 ̀ j* 136 8 ʑ d"o, 60 ! ! V! ! 1 gè 90 ! ! V! ! 0 ó rù 200 ! ! V! ! dào 60 yì 287 ! ! V! 2 ĳ nèi 170 ۷ ! ! ! ¹"(4)" ! ! ! ਙ f"ng 79 ! ! V! ! 2 Ƒ huà 111 ! 4 quán 195 ! ! ! ! ޠ f% 85 ! ! ! ! 1 ܒ n"i 168 Ĳ nèi 170 ! ! ! ! 6 li"ng 152 ! ! V! ! gè 90 ! ! V! ! ! !fá 76 ࡚ p$ 183 ! ! V ֓ 4 ! ! V! ! ! ! ! ! ў jiè 128 ! ! ! (12) ! " " ! ! ! ! ࡈ zhà 301 ׹ rén 199 ! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! Ĵ tiáo 242 5 ͐ sh! 206 I y) 287 ! ! V! ! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! ਋ xi$ 274 0 ʉ b! 15 9 դ chéng 43 ঈ zè 300 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! V! ! ࡌ 287 2 Ì g*ng 91 ! ! ! y) ! ! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! 326! ! V! ! ! ! V! ! CHARACTER INDEX BY STROKE ORDER EACH COLUMN: CHARACTER | PINYIN | RADICAL | PAGE NUMBER 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 strokes

G կ ͯ [ 1 stroke z) 39 315 fèng 29 83 yì 140 288 zh) 30 308 Ա 41 50 ň 29 221 Ë 147 124 ő 31 227 characters ! cù!n ! ! shu!!ng ! ! jià!n ! ! sì ! ! A xi"o 42 269 ਠ rén 33 199 ƣ jì 149 120 ŭ ch% 34 46 y# 1 285 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ӛ chu!n 47 46 u tài 37 233 ³ ch' 159 42 ğ wài 36 253 ܦ y) 5 287 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! b 49 119 $ 37 240 ʀ 170 71 ड़ 37 27 ! j) ! ! ! ti!!n ! ! duì! ! ! bèn! ! ࢥ 178 256 37 101 140 39 ן ৓ 49 229 ! ! 2 stroke ! sì! ! ! k&ng! ! ! wéi! ! ! h!n!g ࡁ 57 91 Ē 42 209 Ą 182 82 ř 37 212 characters ! g*!ng ! ! sh"o,! shào ! ! f'ng! ! ! sh# ! Ā mén 169 163 ׫ ch) 44 44 β dòu 191 69 ¿ tóu 37 246 ѥ d#ng 1 66 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ǝ f'i 183 80 ˚ b! 49 16 R duì 41 71 ʹ q# 1 185 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 stroke! ! ! ! ! ! Ƀ m" 187 161 V k!i 55 138 ̊ jù 48 136 ܒ n"i 4 168 ! ! ! ! ! ! characters ! ! ! ! ! ̺ y)n 57 289 ѻ qi"o 48 191 ̚ ji% 5 135 ! 4 !stroke ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ई diào 57 65 ࣏ b)ng 1 30 ͖ zu& 48 319 Í èr 7 74 characters ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8 x#n 61 272 ߻ qi$ 1 194 Ɍ bù 50 33 rén 9 199 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! bù 1 32 ޷ g' 62 89 Ð shì 1 216 Ō píng 51 181 Ď ér 10 73 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! յ ch&u 1 46 Ȓ 63 110 zh% 3 312 Ј gu# 58 96 ó rù 11 200 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! . zh*ng, 2 309 ȓ hù 63 110 ࡈ zhà 4 301 ি wù 62 262 ʉ b! 12 15 ! ! ! ! MJC ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! zhòng 2 311 m sh&u 64 217 ֓ fá 4 76 ݴ b! 64 16 ! ! ! н d!o 18 59 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! zh! 64 300 Ż shì 8 216 £ d" 64 52 ש И f'ng 2 82 ! ! ! ࢁ di!o 18 65 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ਲ biàn 3 29 Ȕ zh# 65 306 Ƣ dài 9 55 Ӻ p$ 64 183 lì 19 149 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! r'ng 64 199 ע d!n 3 56 wén 67 257 ͟ lìng 9 154 ֔ ! ! ! ॔ b) 21 27 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! zh# 3 306 ї j#n 69 129 ֞ xi!n 9 266 ό jiù 72 135 ! ! ! Ğ shí 24 213 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! zhàng 9 303 ¡ 73 65 ڂ θ hù 7 110 70 79 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! f!ng! ! ! ! ! diàn ! j)ng 7 134 k 71 259 ߣ !o 17 14 75 27 ځ ! ! ! 3 stroke ! ! ! wú ! ! ! ! b(n ! Ƌ w% 7 260 X 72 199 L ch$ 17 46 ė 75 68 characters ! ! ! rì ! ! ! ! d*ng ʁ yún 7 298 ę yuè 74 297 ǰ 17 118 ˹ shù 75 220 i s!n 1 202 ! ! ! ! ! ! Ƒ huà 9 111 Ⱦ mù 75 167 ޘ t$ 17 247 ǐ wèi 75 256 ' shàng 1 207 ! ! ! ! ! AB@! ! ! ! ! Ĳ nèi 9 170 ̩ zh) 77 309 ǉ g*ng 19 91 Ø zhèng 77 305 Ț wàn 1 255 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ࡚ p$ 9 183 ૵ sh$ 79 219 Ÿ b!o 20 23 ̥ m% 80 167 4 xià 1 264 ! ! ! ! ! ! ׹ rén 9 199 Ù b) 81 28 Ƕ b(i 21 25 м hàn 85 101 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! zhàng 1 303 ֟ ! ! ! I y) 9 287 ʧ máo 82 162 ƛ bàn 24 22 Ș y&ng 85 292 ̞ yì 3 288 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ঈ zè 9 300 · qì 84 187 ̖ k" 25 138 Ϭ fàn 94 79 Ȱ g!n 7 88 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ļ yuán 10 295 shu) 85 225 ԗ zhàn 25 302 ߪ xuán 95 275 gè 9 90 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ĳ nèi 11 170 ƺ hu& 86 116 ॕ kòu 26 142 ӕ yù 96 294 ! ! ! ! ! ! yì 9 287 ۷ ! ! ! Ì g*ng 12 91 Խ w$ 86 258 १ m"o 26 163 ܇ w" 98 253 ੐ rèn 18 199 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ʐ lìu 12 155 ߇ zh"o, 87 303 ϥ yìn 26 290 > sh'ng 100 212 ࡔ rèn 18 199 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! shu"i 101 220 ٹ ࡺ g!ng 13 89 zhu" 87 313 վ lì 27 149 ! ! ! ʖ qi!n 24 188 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! F f'n 18 81 ϩ fù 88 86 O f! 29 76 \ yòng 101 292 ͡ wèi 26 256 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ȇ qi' 18 192 ¯ piàn 91 180 ˞ g% 30 93 ҹ ji" 102 121 ܗ ch! 29 37 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ݂ quàn 19 197 І yá 92 278 ƅ hào 30 101 Ӗ sh'n 102 211 ŋ k&u 30 141 ! ! ! ! ! ! g*u 20 92 Ȅ niú 93 173 ; k( 30 140 қ tián 102 242 ل ! ! ! ˮ t% 32 247 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ǥ w% 24 261 ܋ qu"n 94 197 џ yè 30 285 í bái 106 18 ( dà 37 53 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ȳ f"n 29 77 ˣ 96 255 τ yòu 30 293 ȷ 107 180 t 38 174 ! ! ! wáng ! ! ! pí ! n+! ! ! ! ! 343 ! ! ! ! ! ! !

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE FOR CHINESE IN PINYIN CONSONANTS p similar to the ‘p’ in pet, with a considerable puff of air. b similar to the pinyin “p” but without the puff of air (unvoiced, neither pet nor bet). t similar to the ‘t’ in tag, with a considerable puff of air. d similar to the pinyin “t” but with no puff of air (unvoiced, not dog). k similar to the ‘k’ in kill, with a considerable puff of air. g similar to the pinyin “k” but with no puff of air (unvoiced, not get). c like exaggerating the ‘ts’ in cats, with a considerable puff of air. z like the pinyin “c” but without the puff of air (unvoiced). ch somewhat similar to chat with a puff of air, but with the tip of the tongue rolled back. zh like the pinyin “ch” but with no puff of air (unvoiced). q somewhat similar to the ‘ch’ in chat with a puff of air, but with the front of the tongue raised and the tip on the lower teeth. j like the pinyin “q” but without the puff of air (unvoiced). m similar to the ‘m’ in met. n similar to the ‘n’ in net. ng similar to the ‘ng’ in sing. f similar to the ‘f’ in fat, but with the teeth just touching lightly behind the lower lip. s similar to the ‘s’ in set. sh somewhat similar to the ‘sh’ in show, but with the same tongue placement as the pinyin “ch” and “zh.” x somewhat similar to shine but with the same tongue placement as the pinyin “q” and “j.” h raise the back of the tongue and let the breath come through the obstructed passage without vibrating the vocal cords. l similar to the ‘l’ in let. r like the pinyin “sh” but with voicing.

manner of articulation

place of Unaspirated Aspirated Unaspirated Aspirated Nasals Fricatives Voiced articulation Stops Stops Affricates Affricates Continuants

bilabials b p m labio-dentals f dental-alveolars d t z c n s l retroflexes zh ch sh r palatals j q x velars g k h

VOWELS a usually close to far (not pat). Like yet when written “-ian” or “yan.” e usually similar to pet. i usually similar to bee. Similar to wet when written “ui.” After c, s, s, and z is similar to skill. After ch, zh, sh, and r it is similar to sir. o usually close to roll. Similar to cow when written “ao,” and owe when in “ou.”

,-./0!12341243!4'5!34126*5/'4.43! u usually similar to boot. After the= pinyin “x”, “q”, and “j” and in the vowel groups starting with these consonants, it is 76'86'4'.8!91*"!:*"!;*"!-*

When written together, vowels are not a diphthong, but more a combination of 'w' or 'y' with a clean vowel. The tone marker is placed over the clean vowel. ai similar to ‘buy’ ao similar to ‘cow’ ei similar to ‘hey’ ia similar to ‘yet’ iao similar to ‘yow’ ie similar to ‘yes’ io similar to ‘yonder’ iu similar to ‘your’ ou similar to ‘oh’ ua similar to ‘want’ uai similar to ‘wise’ ui similar to ‘wet’, verging towards ‘way’ uo similar to ‘worn’

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! When combined as one word, two third tones together are pronounced as a second and a third tone. A third tone followed by ! any other tone is pronounced as a half- third tone – 21 – not rising. The symbol ° indicates a neutral tone