Country Constitution Official Gazette Legislation Courts Case Law

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Country Constitution Official Gazette Legislation Courts Case Law COUNTRY CONSTITUTION OFFICIAL GAZETTE LEGISLATION COURTS CASE LAW Austria German Bundesgesetzblatt Legal Information System Administrative Court Legal Information System EU, Council of English (as of 2019) Constitutional Court Europe Supreme Court Belgium English (as of 2017) Moniteur Belge / Belgish BelgiumLex Constitutional Court BelgiumLex Staatsblad EU, Council of Federal Public Service - Council of State Juricaf Europe Justice Cour de Cassation / Hof van Juridat Flemish Codex Cassatie Reflex Bulgaria English Държавен вестник Lex.bg Constitutional Court (previous 7 years) EU, Council of Supreme Administrative Court Europe Supreme Court of Cassation Supreme Judicial Council Croatia Croatian (as of Narodne Novine Parliament High Administrative Court Portal sudske 2014) prakse EU, Council of Central Catalogue Constitutional Court Europe English (as of 2014) Zakon Supreme Court Cyprus English (as of 2013) Government Supreme Court CyLaw EU, Council of Web Portal of the Republic of Europe Cyprus Czech Czech Sbírka zákonů Ministry of Justice Republic English Civil Code (& related Constitutional Court EU, Council of legislation) Supreme Court [some judgments Europe available in English] Supreme Administrative Court COUNTRY CONSTITUTION OFFICIAL GAZETTE LEGISLATION COURTS CASE LAW Denmark Danish Lovtidende Retsinformation.dk Danish Courts EU, Council of English English translations Europe Estonia Estonian Riigi Teataja Parliament Estonian Courts Riigi Teataja EU, Council of English English translations of Supreme Court [some judgments Europe Estonian legislation available in English] Finlex [some legislation Ministry of Justice Supreme Finland Finnish Finlex Finlex available in English] Administrative Court [summaries of EU, Council of English some precedents available in English] Finlex in English Europe Supreme Court [summaries of some precedents available in English] France English Journal Officiel de la Legifrance Administrative Supreme Court Journal Officiel Republique Francaise EU, Council of Constitutional Court Juricaf Europe Disputes Tribunal Legifrance Supreme Court Germany German Laws on the Internet Laws on the Internet [some Justice Portal Caselaw.de legislation available in English] EU, Council of English Federal Administrative Court German Law Europe Archive [some Federal Constitutional Court judgments available in Federal Court of Justice English] Greece Greek Εφημερίδα της Hellenic Parliament Council of State Κυβερνήσεως EU, Council of English Supreme Court Europe COUNTRY CONSTITUTION OFFICIAL GAZETTE LEGISLATION COURTS CASE LAW Hungary English (as of 2013) Magyar Közlöny National Legislation Constitutional Court [English Court Decisions Database - in English translations of some EU, Council of decisions/summaries available] Europe Curia Iceland English Stjórnartíðinda Ministry of the Interior District Courts EFTA, Council Parliament [some legislation Supreme Court of Europe available in English] Regulations collection Ireland Irish & English Iris Oifigiuil BAILII Irish Legislation Courts Service Courts Service EU, Council of Houses of the Oireachtas BAILII Europe Irish Statute Book IRLLI IRLLI Italy English Gazzetta Ufficiale della Normattiva Administrative Court ItalgiureWeb Repubblica Italiana EU, Council of Constitutional Court Europe Supreme Court of Cassation Latvia Latvian Latvijas Vēstnesis Likumi [some legislation Latvian Courts Portal Latvian Courts available in English] Portal EU, Council of English Constitutional Court Europe Supreme Court Liechtenstein English (as of 2014) Liechtensteinisches LiLex Courts Landesgesetzblatt EFTA, Council of Europe Lithuania Lithuanian Valstybės žinios Teisės aktų registras / Constitutional Court Liteco Register of Legal Acts EU, Council of English Court of Appeal Europe Supreme Court COUNTRY CONSTITUTION OFFICIAL GAZETTE LEGISLATION COURTS CASE LAW Luxembourg French (as of 2016) Mémorial Legilux Ministry of Justice Juricaf EU, Council of English (as of 1998) Administrative Courts Europe Constitutional Court Superior Court of Justice Malta English Government Gazette Ministry for Justice, Culture & Courts of Justice eCourts Local Government EU, Council of Europe Netherlands English Tractatenblad (Treaties) Overheid Council of State Rechtspraak EU, Council of Staatsblad (Acts & Orders Staten-Generaal Supreme Court Europe in Council) Staatscourant (Ministerial Regulations) Norway English Norsk Lovtidend Government.no Courts of Appeal Norges domstoler EFTA, Council Lovdata Labour Court Lovdata of Europe Statsmaktene Supreme Court [selected judgments Nordic Court Report available in English] (2002-) Stortinget (preparatory docs) Statsmaktene University of Oslo (English) Poland English (as of 1997) Dziennik Ustaw (Official ISAP Constitutional Tribunal [some Journal) judicial decisions available in English] EU, Council of Polskieustawy Europe Monitor Polski Supreme Administrative Court Supreme Court Portugal Portuguese Diario de Republica PGDL Ministry of Justice IGFEJ Electronico EU, Council of English (as of 2005) Constitutional Court [summaries PGDL Europe available in English] Supreme Administrative Court COUNTRY CONSTITUTION OFFICIAL GAZETTE LEGISLATION COURTS CASE LAW Romania English Monitorul Oficial Legislative Repertoire Courts Portal Juricaf EU, Council of Legislative Council Online Constitutional Court Europe Directory High Court of Cassation and Ministry of Justice Justice Slovakia Slovak Ministry of Justice Ministry of Justice JASPI EU, Council of English Slov-Lex Constitutional Court [selected Europe decision available in English] Supreme Court Slovenia Constitutional Urdani List Legal Information System Judiciary Legal Information Court System EU, Council of Parliament Constitutional Court [some Europe English decisions available in English] Supreme Court [selected decisions available in English] Spain Spanish Boletin oficial del Estado Boletin oficial del Estado General Council of the Judiciary EU, Council of English Constitutional Court Europe Supreme Court Sweden English Government National Courts Administration Lagrummet.se EU, Council of Lagrummet.se Supreme Administrative Court Europe Lagen.nu Supreme Court Parliament Switzerland English Federal Gazette Federal Law [selected Swiss Federal Administrative Court Courts of the Swiss acts and ordinances available in Federation EFTA, English] Federal Criminal Court Council of Juricaf Federal Patent Court Europe Swisslex [paid Federal Supreme Court service] Other information sources about European jurisdictions in English AUSTRIA Oxford LibGuides – Austrian Law IRELAND GlobaLex - A Guide to the UK Legal System GlobaLex – The Austrian Information System and Laws ITALY Oxford LibGuides - Italian law: Legal system GlobaLex - Guide to Italian Legal Research and BELGIUM Oxford LibGuides - Belgian law Resources on the Web GlobaLex - Research Guide to Belgian Law LATVIA GlobaLex - Guide to Latvian Legal System and Legal Research BULGARIA GlobaLex - The Bulgarian Legal System and Legal Research LITHUANIA GlobaLex - A Guide to the Lithuanian Legal Research CROATIA GlobaLex - The Croatian Legal System and Legal Research LUXEMBOURG GlobaLex - Luxembourg – Description of the Legal System and Legal Research CZECH REPUBLIC GlobaLex - An Introduction to the Czech Legal System and Legal Resources Online NETHERLANDS GlobaLex - Researching Dutch Law DENMARK GlobaLex - Researching Law in Denmark Oxford LibGuides - Netherlands: guide to legal resources: Legal system ESTONIA GlobalLex - Guide to Estonian Legal System and Legal Research NORWAY GlobaLex - Guide to Legal Research in Norway FINLAND GlobaLex - Finnish Law on the Internet POLAND GlobaLex - An Overview of Polish Law FRANCE GlobaLex - Researching French Law PORTUGAL GlobaLex - Legal Research in Portugal Oxford LibGuides -French law: Legal system ROMANIA GlobaLex - Doing Legal Research in Romania GERMANY GlobaLex - Legal Research in Germany between Print and Electronic Media - An Overview SLOVAKIA GlobaLex - Legal Research in Slovakia Oxford LibGuides - German law SLOVENIA GlobaLex - A Guide to the Republic of Slovenia Legal System and Legal Research GREECE GlobaLex - A Description of the Structure of the Hellenic Republic, the Greek Legal System, and SPAIN GlobaLex – Guide to legal research in Spain Legal Research Oxford LibGuides - Spanish law: Legal system HUNGARY GlobaLex - Introduction to Hungarian Law Research SWITZERLAND GlobaLex - The Swiss Legal System and Research IRELAND GlobaLex - A Guide to the UK Legal System SWEDEN GlobaLex - Swedish Law and Legal Materials HUNGARY GlobaLex - Introduction to Hungarian Law Research .
Recommended publications
  • Downloaded from Manchesterhive.Com at 09/23/2021 12:29:26PM Via Free Access Austria Belgium
    Section 5 Data relating to political systems THE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE referendum. The constitutional court (Verfassungsgerichtshof ) determines the constitutionality of legislation and Austria executive acts. Population 8.1 million (2000) Current government The 1999 Capital Vienna election brought to an end the Territory 83,857 sq. km 13-year government coalition GDP per capita US$25,788 (2000) between the Social Democratic Party Unemployment 3.7 per cent of of Austria (SPÖ) and Austrian workforce (2000) People’s Party (ÖVP), which had State form Republic. The Austrian been under considerable strain. When constitution of 1920, as amended in the two parties failed to reach a 1929, was restored on 1 May 1945. On coalition agreement, Austria found 15 May 1955, the four Allied Powers itself short of viable alternatives. The signed the State Treaty with Austria, record gains of the radical right ending the occupation and Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) had recognising Austrian independence. changed the balance of power within Current head of state President the party system. The other two Thomas Klestil (took office 8 July numerically viable coalitions – 1992, re-elected 1998). SPÖ/FPÖ or ÖVP/FPÖ – had been State structure A federation with nine ruled out in advance by the two provinces (Länder), each with its own mainstream parties. An attempt by the constitution, legislature and SPÖ to form a minority government government. failed. Finally, a coalition was formed Government The president appoints the between the ÖVP and FPÖ under prime minister (chancellor), and, on Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) and the chancellor’s recommendation, a reluctantly sworn in by President cabinet (Council of Ministers) of Klestil on 5 February 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Framing “The Gypsy Problem”: Populist Electoral Use of Romaphobia in Italy (2014–2019)
    social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Framing “The Gypsy Problem”: Populist Electoral Use of Romaphobia in Italy (2014–2019) Laura Cervi * and Santiago Tejedor Department of Journalism and Communication Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 12 June 2020; Published: 17 June 2020 Abstract: Xenophobic arguments have long been at the center of the political discourse of the Lega party in Italy, nonetheless Matteo Salvini, the new leader, capitalizing on diffused Romaphobia, placed Roma people at the center of his political discourse, institutionalizing the “Camp visit” as an electoral event. Through the analysis of eight consecutive electoral campaigns, in a six year period, mixing computer-based quantitative and qualitative content analysis and framing analysis, this study aims to display how Roma communities are portrayed in Matteo Salvini’s discourse. The study describes how “Gypsies” are framed as a threat to society and how the proposed solution—a bulldozer to raze all of the camps to the ground—is presented as the only option. The paper concludes that representing Roma as an “enemy” that “lives among us”, proves to be the ideal tool to strengthen the “us versus them” tension, characteristic of populist discourse. Keywords: populism; Romaphobia; far right parties; political discourse 1. Introduction Defining Roma is challenging. A variety of understandings and definitions, and multiple societal and political representations, exist about “who the Roma are” (Magazzini and Piemontese 2019). The Council of Europe, in an effort to harmonize the terminology used in its political documents, apply “Roma”—first chosen at the inaugural World Romani Congress held in London in 1971—as an umbrella term that includes “Roma, Sinti, Travellers, Ashkali, Manush, Jenische, Kaldaresh and Kalé” and covers the wide diversity of the groups concerned, “including persons who identify themselves as Gypsies” (2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Venice Commission)
    Strasbourg, 16 April 2020 CDL-PI(2020)003 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) COMPILATION OF VENICE COMMISSION OPINIONS AND REPORTS ON STATES OF EMERGENCY 2 CDL-PI(2020)003 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3 I. BENCHMARKS ............................................................................................................. 4 II. Declaration of state of emergency: definition and substantive requirements ......... 5 III. Derogation from human rights obligations .............................................................. 10 IV. Constitutional entrenchment of the state of emergency ......................................... 12 V. Declaration of state of emergency: competences ................................................... 14 VI. Oversight of the declaration and prolongation of the state of emergency ............ 14 a. Parliamentary oversight ......................................................................................... 14 b. Judicial review ........................................................................................................ 18 VII. Duration of the state of emergency .......................................................................... 21 VIII. Duration of the emergency measures ...................................................................... 22 IX Scope of the emergency measures .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Regulator\ Reform in Ital\
    5HJXODWRU\ 5HIRUP LQ ,WDO\ *RYHUQPHQW &DSDFLW\ WR $VVXUH +LJK 4XDOLW\ 5HJXODWLRQ ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). Publié en français sous le titre : LA CAPACITÉ DU GOUVERNEMENT A PRODUIRE DES RÉGLEMENTATIONS DE GRANDE QUALITÉ © OECD 2001 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel.
    [Show full text]
  • 1/12 JUDGMENT NO. 239 YEAR 2018 in This Case, the Court Heard A
    JUDGMENT NO. 239 YEAR 2018 In this case, the Court heard a referral order from the Council of State questioning a provision that imposed a 4 percent qualifying threshold on lists standing within elections for the European Parliament, arguing that it impinged upon the principles of representative voting and equality in voting, notwithstanding the absence of any compelling general interest that could justify it. The Court restated its settled position that “the provision for qualifying thresholds along with the manner of their application […] are typical manifestations of the discretion of a legislator that wishes to avoid fragmented political representation, and to promote governability”. The Court noted that the specific threshold clauses in question served the dual purpose of stability of government and the proper functioning of the parliamentary assembly. In view of these purposes, the Court held that the Italian legislator had not acted in breach of its discretion in setting the 4 percent threshold. [omitted] THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT [omitted] gives the following JUDGMENT in proceedings concerning the constitutionality of Article 21(1) no. 1-bis and no. 2, and of Article 22(1) of Law no. 18 of 24 January 1979 (Election of the members of the European Parliament allocated to Italy), as in force following the amendments introduced by Article 1 of Law no. 10 of 20 February 2009 (Amendments to Law no. 18 of 24 January 1979 concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament allocated to Italy), initiated by the Fifth Division of the Council of State within the proceedings pending between Giorgia Meloni and others and the National Central Electoral Office and others by the referral order of 23 August 2016, registered as no.
    [Show full text]
  • Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - Volume 14, 2011 Correspondents ’ Reports
    YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW - VOLUME 14, 2011 CORRESPONDENTS ’ REPORTS ITALY 1 Contents Government Policy — Military Intervention in Libya ..................................................................... 1 Cases — Nazi Massacres Reparation Claims................................................................................... 5 Treaty Action — Cluster Munitions ................................................................................................ 7 Legislation — Italian Participation in International Missions .......................................................... 8 Legislation — Piracy .................................................................................................................... 13 Legislation —Institution of the National Memorial Day of Victims of Disasters ........................... 16 Legislation — Establishment of the National Ombudsperson for Children and Adolescents, and Other Developments in Italian Legislation on Children’s Rights ................................................... 17 Legislation — Free Circulation and Residence of European Citizens and Return of Irregular Third- County Citizens ............................................................................................................................ 22 Cases — Return of Immigrants Illegally Staying in Italy, before and after the El Dridi Case ......... 24 Cases — Denial of International Protection as a Refugee and Recognition of Humanitarian Protection.....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Country Chapter on the Rule of Law Situation in Italy
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 30.9.2020 SWD(2020) 311 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT 2020 Rule of Law Report Country Chapter on the rule of law situation in Italy Accompanying the document COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 2020 Rule of Law Report The rule of law situation in the European Union {COM(2020) 580 final} - {SWD(2020) 300 final} - {SWD(2020) 301 final} - {SWD(2020) 302 final} - {SWD(2020) 303 final} - {SWD(2020) 304 final} - {SWD(2020) 305 final} - {SWD(2020) 306 final} - {SWD(2020) 307 final} - {SWD(2020) 308 final} - {SWD(2020) 309 final} - {SWD(2020) 310 final} - {SWD(2020) 312 final} - {SWD(2020) 313 final} - {SWD(2020) 314 final} - {SWD(2020) 315 final} - {SWD(2020) 316 final} - {SWD(2020) 317 final} - {SWD(2020) 318 final} - {SWD(2020) 319 final} - {SWD(2020) 320 final} - {SWD(2020) 321 final} - {SWD(2020) 322 final} - {SWD(2020) 323 final} - {SWD(2020) 324 final} - {SWD(2020) 325 final} - {SWD(2020) 326 final} EN EN ABSTRACT The Italian justice system has a solid legislative framework to safeguard judicial independence, including prosecutors’ independence. In August 2020, a reform regarding the High Council for the Judiciary and other aspects of the justice system has been proposed by the Government. It is important that such reform guarantee judicial independence, while strengthening transparency and integrity. As regards efficiency, the justice system continues to face important challenges. New reforms aiming at streamlining civil and criminal procedures are being discussed in Parliament. These reforms, coupled with an increase in human resources and further digitalisation, aim at addressing backlogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Italy: Good Practices to Prevent Women Migrant Workers from Going Into Exploitive Forms of Labour
    GENPROM Working Paper No. 4 Series on Women and Migration ITALY: GOOD PRACTICES TO PREVENT WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS FROM GOING INTO EXPLOITATIVE FORMS OF LABOUR by Giuseppina D’Alconzo, Simona La Rocca and Elena Marioni Gender Promotion Programme International Labour Office Geneva Foreword Changing labour markets with globalization have increased both opportunities and pressures for women to migrate. The migration process and employment in a country of which they are not nationals can enhance women’s earning opportunities, autonomy and empowerment, and thereby change gender roles and responsibilities and contribute to gender equality. But they also expose women to serious violation of their human rights. Whether in the recruitment stage, the journey or living and working in another country, women migrant workers, especially those in irregular situations, are vulnerable to harassment, intimidation or threats to themselves and their families, economic and sexual exploitation, racial discrimination and xenophobia, poor working conditions, increased health risks and other forms of abuse, including trafficking into forced labour, debt bondage, involuntary servitude and situations of captivity. Women migrant workers, whether documented or undocumented, are much more vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation and abuse – relative not only to male migrants but also to native-born women. Gender-based discrimination intersects with discrimination based on other forms of “otherness” – such as non-national status, race, ethnicity, religion, economic status – placing women migrants in situations of double, triple or even fourfold discrimination, disadvantage or vulnerability to exploitation and abuse. To enhance the knowledge base and to develop practical tools for protecting and promoting the rights of female migrant workers, a series of case studies were commissioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Booklet on the Italian Constitutional Court and Its Functions
    Cop Corte Costituzionale 2019 - Inglese.qxp_Cop Corte Costituzionale 2008 09/05/19 19:31 Pagina 1 The Italian Constitutional Court THE ITALIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT Translation from the Italian original by Clare Tame and Sarah Pasetto. Special thanks to William J. Nardini, advocate, for revising the text and for his much-appreciated suggestions Contents Preface 7 1. A Building and a Court “La Consulta” 8 From the Papacy, to the Monarchy, to the Republic 9 2. How and Why Constitutional Courts Come into Being A Young Institution 12 The Omnipotence of Parliament? 12 The American Experience: Judicial Review 13 The European Experience: a Check on Parliament 14 An Arbitrator of Constitutional Conflicts 15 3. The Italian Constitutional Court How the Court Was Born 16 The Slow Implementation of the Court 17 The First Hearing and the First Question 17 Some Basic Data 19 4. The Structure of the Court The Composition of the Court 20 Who Selects the Judges? 20 The Rights, Obligations and Prerogatives of Constitutional Judges 23 The Presidency of the Constitutional Court 24 The Administrative Organization of the Court 25 5. The Functions of the Court Review of the Constitutionality of Laws 26 Who Invokes the Jurisdiction of the Court? 26 Ordinary Judges as “Gatekeepers” of Constitutional Judgement 28 The Court and Ordinary Judges: A Permanent Dialogue 28 The Court and Legislative Discretion 29 The Time Factor 30 The Decisions of the Court 31 Declarations of Unconstitutionality and Their Effect 32 Decisions Rejecting a Constitutional Challenge 33 Interpretative Decisions 34 Disputes Arising Between the State and Regions, and Between Regions 34 Separation of Powers 35 Decisions Regarding the Permissibility of Referenda 36 Criminal Proceedings 37 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Constitution Shall Be Entitled to the Right of Asylum Under the Conditions Established by Law
    Senato della Repubblica Constitution of the Italian Republic This volume is published by the Parliamentary Information, Archives and Publications Office of the Senate Service for Official Reports and Communication Senate publications may be requested from the Senate Bookshop - by mail: via della Maddalena 27, 00186 Roma - by e-mail: [email protected] - by telephone: n. +39 06 6706 2505 - by fax: n. +39 06 6706 3398 © Senato della Repubblica CONTENTS FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES . Pag. 5 PART I – RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CITIZENS . » 7 TITLE I – CIVIL RELATIONS . » 7 TITLE II – ETHICAL AND SOCIAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES »10 TITLE III – ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND DUTIES . » 12 TITLE IV – POLITICAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES . » 14 PART II – ORGANISATION OF REPUBLIC . » 16 TITLE I – THE PARLIAMENT . » 16 Section I – The Houses . » 16 Section II – The Legislative Process . » 19 TITLE II – THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC . » 22 TITLE III – THE GOVERNMENT . » 24 Section I – The Council of Ministers . » 24 Section II – Public Administration . » 25 Section III – Auxiliary Bodies . » 25 TITLE IV – THE JUDICAL BRANCH . » 26 Section I – The Organisation of the Judiciary . » 26 Section II – Rules on Jurisdiction . » 28 3 TITLE V – REGIONS, PROVINCES - MUNICIPALITIES . » 30 TITLE VI – CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES . » 37 Section I – The Constitutional Court . » 37 Section II – Amendments to the Constitution. Constitutional Laws . » 38 TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS . » 39 4 CONSTITUTION OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Art. 1 Italy is a democratic Republic founded on labour. Sovereignty belongs to the people and is exercised by the people in the forms and within the limits of the Constitution. Art. 2 The Republic recognises and guarantees the inviolable rights of the person, both as an individual and in the social groups where human personality is expressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Italy's Constitution of 1947 with Amendments Through 2012
    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:33 constituteproject.org Italy's Constitution of 1947 with Amendments through 2012 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:33 Table of contents FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES . 3 PART I: RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CITIZENS . 4 TITLE I: CIVIL RELATIONS . 4 TITLE II: ETHICAL AND SOCIAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES . 7 TITLE III: ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND DUTIES . 8 TITLE IV: POLITICAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES . 11 PART II: ORGANISATION OF THE REPUBLIC . 12 TITLE I: THE PARLIAMENT . 12 Section I: The Houses . 12 Section II: The Legislative Process . 14 TITLE II: THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC . 17 TITLE III: THE GOVERNMENT . 19 Section I: The Council of Ministers . 19 Section II: Public Administration . 20 Section III: Auxiliary Bodies . 20 TITLE IV: THE JUDICIAL BRANCH . 21 Section I: The Organisation of the Judiciary . 21 Section II: Rules on Jurisdiction . 22 TITLE V: REGIONS, PROVINCES - MUNICIPALITIES . 23 TITLE VI: CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES . 30 Section I: The Constitutional Court . 30 Section II: Amendments to the Constitution. Constitutional Laws . 31 TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS . 31 Italy 1947 (rev. 2012) Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:33 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES • Type of government envisioned Art 1 • Duty to work Italy is a democratic Republic founded on labour. Sovereignty belongs to the people and is exercised by the people in the forms and within the limits of the Constitution. • Right to development of personality Art 2 • Inalienable rights • Reference to fraternity/solidarity The Republic recognises and guarantees the inviolable rights of the person, both as an individual and in the social groups where human personality is expressed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Small States on NATO Decision-Making. the Membership
    FOI-R--0548--SE November 2002 ISSN 1650-1942 Användarrapport The Influence of Small States on NATO Decision-Making The Membership Experiences of Denmark, Norway, Hungary and the Czech Republic Karoliina Honkanen Foreword by Ingemar Dörfer Försvarsanalys 172 90 Stockholm TOTALFÖRSVARETS FORSKNINGSINSTITUT FOI-R--0548--SE Försvarsanalys November 2002 172 90 Stockholm ISSN 1650-1942 Användarrapport The Influence of Small States on NATO Decision-Making The Membership Experiences of Denmark, Norway, Hungary and the Czech Republic Karoliina Honkanen Foreword by Ingemar Dörfer Utgivare Rapportnummer, ISRN Klassificering Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut - FOI FOI-R--0548--SE Användarrapport Försvarsanalys Forskningsområde 172 90 Stockholm 1. Försvar- och säkerhetspolitik Månad, år Projektnummer September 2002 A1136 Verksamhetsgren 1. Forskning för regeringens behov Delområde 11 Försvarsforskning för regeringens behov Författare/redaktör Projektledare Karoliina Honkanen Ingemar Dörfer Godkänd av Jan Foghelin Uppdragsgivare/kundbeteckning Försvarsdepartementet Tekniskt och/eller vetenskapligt ansvarig Rapportens titel The Influence of Small States on NATO Decision-Making: The Membership Experiences of Denmark, Norway, Hungary and the Czech Republic Sammanfattning (högst 200 ord) Rapporten analyserar NATO:s beslutsfattandesystem ur ett småstatsperspektiv. Den granskar härvid medlemskapserfarenheterna i fyra små NATO-stater och de strategier som länderna fört. De undersökta länderna är dels de nordiska staterna Danmark och Nor- ge, som varit medlemmar sedan NATO:s grundande, dels Tjeckien och Ungern, de två senast anslutna småstaterna. Småstaters förmåga till inflytande inom NATO är ett ytterst relevant ämne även för den finska och svenska NATO-debatten, där just frågan om makt och inflytande varit central. NATO-förespråkare har hävdat att fördelarna med att ha en plats i NATO:s beslutsfattande organ är det viktigaste argumentet för ett medlemskap, medan motståndarna har fruktat att ett sådant skulle minska den utrikespolitiska handlingsfriheten.
    [Show full text]