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Kvichak Watershed Subsistence Salmon Fishery: an Ethnographic Study

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Kvichak Watershed Subsistence Salmon Fishery: an Ethnographic Study Technical Paper No. 352 The Kvichak Watershed Subsistence Salmon Fishery: An Ethnographic Study by James A. Fall, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Davin Holen, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Theodore M. Krieg, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Robbin La Vine, Bristol Bay Native Association, Karen Stickman, National Park Service, Michelle Ravenmoon, National Park Service, Jessica Hay, National Park Service, and Jory Stariwat, Alaska Department of Fish and Game March 2010 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the reports by the Division of Subsistence. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Measures (fisheries) centimeter cm all commonly-accepted abbreviations; fork length FL deciliter dL e.g., Mr., Mrs., AM, PM, etc. mideye-to-fork MEF gram g all commonly-accepted professional mideye-to-tail-fork METF hectare ha titles; e.g., Dr., Ph.D., R.N., etc. standard length SL kilogram kg Alaska Administrative Code AAC total length TL kilometer km Alaska Department of liter L Fish and Game ADF&G Mathematics, statistics meter m at @ all standard mathematical signs, symbols milliliter mL compass directions: and abbreviations millimeter mm east E alternate hypothesis HA north N approximately ~ Weights and measures (English) south S base of natural logarithm e cubic feet per second ft3/s west W catch per unit effort CPUE foot ft copyright © coefficient of variation CV gallon gal corporate suffixes: common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc inch in Company Co. confidence interval CI mile mi Corporation Corp. correlation coefficient (multiple) R nautical mile nmi Incorporated Inc. correlation coefficient (simple) r ounce oz Limited Ltd. covariance cov pound lb District of Columbia D.C. degree (angular) ° quart qt et alii (and others) et al. degrees of freedom df yard yd et cetera (and so forth) etc. expected value E exempli gratia (for example) e.g. greater than > Time and temperature Federal Information Code FIC greater than or equal to ≥ day d id est (that is) i.e. harvest per unit effort HPUE degrees Celsius °C latitude or longitude lat. or long. less than < degrees Fahrenheit °F monetary symbols (U.S.) $, ¢ less than or equal to ≤ degrees kelvin K months (tables and figures): first three logarithm (natural) ln hour h letters (Jan,...,Dec) logarithm (base 10) log registered trademark ® minute min logarithm (specify base) log2, etc. second s trademark ™ mean x United States (adjective) U.S. minute (angular) ' Physics and chemistry United States of America (noun) USA not significant NS U.S.C. United States Code all atomic symbols null hypothesis HO alternating current AC U.S. state use two-letter abbreviations percent % ampere A (e.g., AK, WA) plus or minus ± calorie cal population size N direct current DC probability P hertz Hz sample size n horsepower hp second (angular) " hydrogen ion activity (negative log of) pH standard deviation σ or s parts per million ppm standard error (of the mean) s x parts per thousand ppt, ‰ type I error probability Pa volts V type II error probability Pb watts W variance σ2 or s2 TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 352 THE KVICHAK WATERSHED SUBSISTENCE SALMON FISHERY: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY by James A. Fall, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Davin Holen, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Theodore M. Krieg Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Dillingham Robbin La Vine Bristol Bay Native Association, Natural Resources Department, Dillingham Karen Stickman, National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Anchorage Michelle Ravenmoon, National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Anchorage Jessica Hay, National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Anchorage and Jory Stariwat Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518, USA March 2010 Final report to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Subsistence Management to fulfill obligations for study number FIS 07-452 under contract number 701817J661. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Subsistence Management provided $291,468 in funding support for this project. The Division of Subsistence Technical Paper series was established in 1979 and represents the most complete collection of information about customary and traditional uses of fish and wildlife resources in Alaska. The papers cover all regions of the state. Some papers were written in response to specific fish and game management issues. Others provide detailed, basic information on the subsistence uses of particular communities which pertain to a large number of scientific and policy questions. Technical Paper series reports are available through the Alaska State Library and on the Internet: http://www.subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us. This publication has undergone editorial and professional review. James A. Fall a, Davin Holen, Jory Stariwat, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 333 Raspberry Rd., Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA Theodore M. Krieg, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence P.O. Box 1030, Dillingham, AK, 99576, USA Robbin La Vine, Bristol Bay Native Association, Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 310, Dillingham, AK, 99576, USA and Karen Stickman, Michelle Ravenmoon, and Jessica Hay National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, 240 W. 5th Ave., Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA; One Park Place, Port Alsworth, AK, 99653, USA a Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. This document should be cited as: Fall, J. A., D. Holen, T. M. Krieg, R. La Vine, K. Stickman, M. Ravenmoon, J. Hay, and J. Stariwat. 2010. The Kvichak watershed subsistence salmon fishery: an ethnographic study. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Technical Paper No. 352, Anchorage. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write: ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK, 99811-5526 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N. Fairfax Drive, MS 2042, Arlington, VA, 22203 Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW MS 5230, Washington D.C., 20240 The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via telephone at the following numbers: (VOICE) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648, (Juneau TDD) 907- 465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-6078 For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact: ADF&G Division of Subsistence at www.subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF PLATES ........................................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUNDS OF STUDY COMMUNITIES ....................................................................................................... 6 STUDY OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................... 10 RESEARCH METHODS ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Literature review.......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Ethnographic Fieldwork .............................................................................................................................................. 13 Iliamna and Newhalen Ethnographic Fieldwork in 2007 ........................................................................................ 14 Iliamna and Newhalen
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