Parts all fungi have

•Hyphae

•Mycelium Lab 13 •Rhizoids

Fungi • Cell Walls w/ chitin

• Basic Life Cycle on p. 300 – Most of its life is haploid

Benefits Detriment Vegetative vs Fruiting Bodies

• Penicillin • Rot food • Vegetative Body • Nutrient cycling • Cause diseases in – Asexual Reproduction (decomposers) humans (some clonal) – Haploid • Used to make food •Toxic (cheese, bread) • Destroys crops • Eatable (some) (blights & smuts) • Fruiting Body • Attach to plants to – Sexual Reproduction help plants absorb – Diploid nutrients • Used to make alcohol

1 Phylum Zygomycota- Bread molds Conjugation and Zygospore

• Multiple nuclei in a single hyphae, no septa

• Sexual reproduction through non-motile spores

• Includes sporangia, rhizoids, zygospores

Zygomycota Lifecycle Phylum Ascomycota- Sac Fungi

• Separate hyphae cells with one nuclei

• Sexual reproduction via ascospores produced in the ascus

• Asexual spores produced in conidiophore

2 Ascomycota Life Cycle Ascus Examples

Ascospores

Fungus in History

Ascocarp • Ergot Poisoning for Witch Trials

Dikaryotic hyphae

3 Phylum Basidiomycota- Club Fungi Basidiomycota Life Cycle

• Hyphae with septa, one nucleus per cell

• Mycelia underground or in dead organisms

• Only sexual reproduction

• Mushrooms, toad stools, etc… – Some edible, some are toxic

• Agricultural nuisance – Smut, rust, blights

Basidiomycota Basidiomycota Anatomy

Basidia Pileus

Basidospores

4 Phylum Lichenes: Lichen Foliose lichen

• Fungus with a algae or a cyanobacteria Thalli- look like liverworts • Asexual reproduction via soredia – Hyphae surrounding algal cells

• Color is based on accessory pigments in alga or cyanobacteria

Crustose- Encrusting lichen Fruticose Lichen

Highly branched and Soridial cups that release soredia tall bush-like structure

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