2008-09-30 John Betts Fine Minerals

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Webmineral Advertiser Dave Barthelmy From: John Betts [[email protected]] Sent: Monday, September 29, 2008 08:12 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Carpathite var. Pendletonite from Ricahotes Mine, California The weekly update of new mineral specimens has just been posted to my web site. Per your request, this is your special email notice of new minerals added to my web site. Two pages of new listing were posted at: http://www.johnbetts- fineminerals.com/jhbnyc/newlist.htm http://www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com/jhbnyc/newlist1.htm OR <A HREF=" http://www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com/jhbnyc/newlist.htm">New Listings Page 1A</A> <A HREF=" http://www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com/jhbnyc/newlist1.htm">New Listings Page 1B</A> A FEW OF THIS WEEK'S NEW MINERAL LISTINGS: - Bismutite with Bismite from Rubicon Pegmatite, Namibia - Hydrocarbon var. Posepnyte from California - Limonite pseudomorphs after Pyrite from Cooapooey Station, Australia - Chabazite from North Table Mountain, Colorado - Analcime and Calcite from Croft Quarry, England - Wulfenite from Old Yuma Mine, Arizona - Sphalerite (Spinel-law twinned) from Casapalca District, Peru - Ferberite with Scheelite from Cínovec (Zinnwald), Czech Republic - Metacinnabar from Mount Diablo Mine, California - Carpathite var. Pendletonite from Ricahotes Mine, California - Celestine from Hammam Zriba, Tunisia - Quartz (Dauphine-law Twins) from Brazil PLUS: Olympus SZ-III 7X to 80X Stereo Zoom Microscope and Nikon Fiber Optic Illuminator Plus many, many more... John Betts 215 West 98 Street, No 2F NY, NY 10025 www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com *************************************************************** This email is sent to addresses that request notification from John Betts - Fine Minerals To discontinue notification send an email requesting removal to [email protected] *************************************************************** End Message 1.

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Mineral Classifications-No Links
CLASSIFYING MINERALS Minerals are divided into nine (9) broad classifications. They are typically classified based on the negatively charged (anionic) portion of their chemical composition. For example, copper oxide (CuO) consists of copper (Cu ++ ) and oxygen (O -- ) ions, and the negatively charged oxygen ion puts it in the “Oxide” classification (which also includes iron oxide, titanium dioxide, etc). The classifications are: Silicate class The largest group of minerals by far, the silicates are mostly composed of silicon and oxygen, combined with ions like aluminum, magnesium, iron, and calcium. Some important rock-forming silicates include the feldspars, quartz, olivines, pyroxenes, garnets, and micas. Carbonate class 2− The carbonate minerals contain the anion (CO 3) . They are deposited in marine settings from accumulated shells of marine life and also in evaporitic areas like the Great Salt Lake and karst regions where they form caves, stalactites and stalagmites. Typical carbonates include calcite and aragonite (both calcium carbonate), dolomite (magnesium/calcium carbonate) and siderite (iron carbonate). The carbonate class also includes the nitrate and borate minerals. Sulfate class 2− Sulfate minerals all contain the sulfate anion, SO 4 . Sulfates commonly form in evaporitic settings where highly saline waters slowly evaporate, in hydrothermal vein systems as gangue minerals and as secondary oxidation products of original sulfide minerals. Common sulfates include anhydrite (calcium sulfate), celestine (strontium sulfate), barite (barium sulfate), and gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate). The sulfate class also includes the chromate, molybdate, selenate, sulfite, tellurate, and tungstate minerals. Halide class The halide minerals form the natural salts and include fluorite (calcium fluoride), halite (sodium chloride) and sylvite (potassium chloride).
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Karpatite C24H12 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Karpatite C24H12 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals are acicular, thin tabular parallel to [001], showing {001}, {100}, {201}, many other forms, to 1 cm; typically in bladed groups and ﬁbrous radiating aggregates. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {001}, {100}, {201}, perfect. Fracture: Splintery. Tenacity: Flexible, nearly plastic. Hardness = ∼1 D(meas.) = 1.35–1.40 D(calc.) = 1.29–1.42 Flammable; ﬂuoresces sky-blue under LW and SW UV. Optical Properties: Subtranslucent. Color: Yellow, yellowish brown on exposure. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–) or (+). Orientation: X = b; Z ∧ c =21◦. Dispersion: rv, extreme. α = 1.780(2) β = 1.977–1.982 γ = 2.05–2.15 2V(meas.) = 96◦–115◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/c or P 2/c (synthetic). a = 10.035 b = 4.695 c = 16.014 β = 112◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Olenevo, Ukraine. 9.40 (10), 3.52 (9), 7.52 (8), 3.97 (7), 3.05 (6), 7.25 (5), 3.43 (4) Chemistry: (1) (2) C 96.04 95.97 H 4.04 4.03 O Total 100.08 100.00 (1) Olenevo, Ukraine. (2) C24H12 (coronene). Occurrence: In cavities at the contact of diorite porphyry with argillites (Olenevo, Ukraine); a low-temperature hydrothermal mineral (California, USA). Association: Idrialite, amorphous organic material, calcite, barite, quartz, cinnabar, metacinnabar (Olenevo, Ukraine); cinnabar, quartz (California, USA). Distribution: From near Olenevo, Transcarpathian region, western Ukraine. At Tamvotney, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. From the Picacho mercury mine, south of New Idria, San Benito Co., California, USA.
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Carbon Mineral Ecology: Predicting the Undiscovered Minerals of Carbon
American Mineralogist, Volume 101, pages 889–906, 2016 Carbon mineral ecology: Predicting the undiscovered minerals of carbon ROBERT M. HAZEN1,*, DANIEL R. HUMMER1, GRETHE HYSTAD2, ROBERT T. DOWNS3, AND JOSHUA J. GOLDEN3 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U.S.A. 2Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, U.S.A. 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Studies in mineral ecology exploit mineralogical databases to document diversity-distribution rela- tionships of minerals—relationships that are integral to characterizing “Earth-like” planets. As carbon is the most crucial element to life on Earth, as well as one of the defining constituents of a planet’s near-surface mineralogy, we focus here on the diversity and distribution of carbon-bearing minerals. We applied a Large Number of Rare Events (LNRE) model to the 403 known minerals of carbon, using 82 922 mineral species/locality data tabulated in http://mindat.org (as of 1 January 2015). We find that all carbon-bearing minerals, as well as subsets containing C with O, H, Ca, or Na, conform to LNRE distributions. Our model predicts that at least 548 C minerals exist on Earth today, indicating that at least 145 carbon-bearing mineral species have yet to be discovered. Furthermore, by analyzing subsets of the most common additional elements in carbon-bearing minerals (i.e., 378 C + O species; 282 C + H species; 133 C + Ca species; and 100 C + Na species), we predict that approximately 129 of these missing carbon minerals contain oxygen, 118 contain hydrogen, 52 contain calcium, and more than 60 contain sodium.
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Nanostructural Origin of Blue Fluorescence in the Mineral Karpatite
Potticary, J. , Jensen, T. T., & Hall, S. R. (2017). Nanostructural origin of blue fluorescence in the mineral karpatite. Scientific Reports, 7(1), [9867]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10261-w Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1038/s41598-017-10261-w Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Nature at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10261-w. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Nanostructural origin of blue fuorescence in the mineral karpatite Received: 9 June 2017 Jason Potticary 1,2, Torsten T. Jensen 1,3 & Simon R. Hall1 Accepted: 7 August 2017 The colour of crystals is a function of their atomic structure. In the case of organic crystals, it is the Published: xx xx xxxx spatial relationships between molecules that determine the colour, so the same molecules in the same arrangement should produce crystals of the same colour, regardless of whether they arise geologically or synthetically. There is a naturally-occurring organic crystal known as karpatite which is prized for its beautiful blue fuorescence under ultra-violet illumination.
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STRONG and WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS of TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS and THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth a Dissertati
STRONG AND WEAK INTERLAYER INTERACTIONS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES Tyler William Farnsworth A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Scott C. Warren James F. Cahoon Wei You Joanna M. Atkin Matthew K. Brennaman © 2018 Tyler William Farnsworth ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Tyler William Farnsworth: Strong and weak interlayer interactions of two-dimensional materials and their assemblies (Under the direction of Scott C. Warren) The ability to control the properties of a macroscopic material through systematic modification of its component parts is a central theme in materials science. This concept is exemplified by the assembly of quantum dots into 3D solids, but the application of similar design principles to other quantum-confined systems, namely 2D materials, remains largely unexplored. Here I demonstrate that solution-processed 2D semiconductors retain their quantum-confined properties even when assembled into electrically conductive, thick films. Structural investigations show how this behavior is caused by turbostratic disorder and interlayer adsorbates, which weaken interlayer interactions and allow access to a quantum- confined but electronically coupled state. I generalize these findings to use a variety of 2D building blocks to create electrically conductive 3D solids with virtually any band gap. I next introduce a strategy for discovering new 2D materials. Previous efforts to identify novel 2D materials were limited to van der Waals layered materials, but I demonstrate that layered crystals with strong interlayer interactions can be exfoliated into few-layer or monolayer materials.
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Mineral Evolution
American Mineralogist, Volume 93, pages 1693–1720, 2008 REVIEW PA P E R Mineral evolution ROBE R T M. HAZEN ,1,* DOMINIC PA P INEAU ,1 WOUTE R BLEEKE R ,2 ROBE R T T. DOWNS ,3 JO H N M. FE RR Y ,4 TI M OT H Y J. MCCOY ,5 DIMITRI A. SVE RJ ENSKY ,4 AN D HEXIONG YANG 3 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U.S.A. 2Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OE8, Canada 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, U.S.A. 4Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, U.S.A. 5Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. ABST R ACT The mineralogy of terrestrial planets evolves as a consequence of a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. In pre-stellar molecular clouds, widely dispersed microscopic dust particles contain approximately a dozen refractory minerals that represent the starting point of planetary mineral evolution. Gravitational clumping into a protoplanetary disk, star formation, and the resultant heat- ing in the stellar nebula produce primary refractory constituents of chondritic meteorites, including chondrules and calcium-aluminum inclusions, with ~60 different mineral phases. Subsequent aque- ous and thermal alteration of chondrites, asteroidal accretion and differentiation, and the consequent formation of achondrites results in a mineralogical repertoire limited to ~250 different minerals found in unweathered meteorite samples. Following planetary accretion and differentiation, the initial mineral evolution of Earth’s crust depended on a sequence of geochemical and petrologic processes, including volcanism and degassing, fractional crystallization, crystal settling, assimilation reactions, regional and contact metamorphism, plate tectonics, and associated large-scale fluid-rock interactions.
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From the Picacho Peak Area, San Benito County, California: Evidences for the Hydrothermal Formation
American Mineralogist, Volume 92, pages 1262–1269, 2007 Crystal-chemical and carbon-isotopic characteristics of karpatite (C24H12) from the Picacho Peak Area, San Benito County, California: Evidences for the hydrothermal formation TAKUYA ECHIGO,1,* MITSUYOSHI KIMATA,1 AND TERUYUKI MARUOKA2 1Earth Evolution Sciences, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan 2Integrative Environmental Sciences, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan ABSTRACT Karpatite from the Picacho Peak Area, San Benito County, California, has been characterized as an exceptionally pure crystal of coronene (C24H12) by infrared absorption analysis, Raman scattering analysis, and differential thermal analysis. Furthermore, the crystal structure of karpatite was deter- mined using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method for the Þ rst time. The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/a, with unit-cell dimensions of a = 16.094(9), b = 4.690(3), c = 10.049(8) Å, β = 110.79(2)°, V = 709.9(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure was solved and Þ nally reÞ ned to R1 = 3.44% and wR2 = 2.65%, respectively. The coronene molecules in the crystal structure of karpatite are all isolated and the intermolecular distances correspond to van der Waals interactions. The coronene molecules have the high degree of aromaticity and no overcrowded hydrogen atoms, both of which avoid a mixing of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in karpatite. The corrugated arrangement of coronene molecules constituting karpatite prevents intercalation reactions, accounting for the exceptional purity of this mineral. The isotopic composition of carbon was measured, using an elemental analyzer-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS).
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Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, MARCH 1971, VOL. 38, PP. 102-5 International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names IN previous reports (Min. Mag. 1962, 33, 260; 1967, 36, 131; 1968, 36, 1143) the recommendations of this Commission regarding new mineral names and suggested identities were reviewed. It has now b~come the general practice, when a new mineral, a redefinition, or a discrediting of a mineral species has had the prior approval' of the Commission, to note the fact when publishing. The present report therefore covers the Commission's voting on those new mineral names, redefinitions, or suggested identities that were published during 1967 and 1968 without prior approval of the Commission; it will b~ seen that a majority of these new names were considered un- worthy of species or named variety status. It has also seemed opportune, in view of the unavoidable delay in collecting and voting on new names published without prior approval, to note certain names recently published without the Commission's approval. The Commission has approved the proposal of A. A. Levinson (Amer. Min. 1966,51, 152) for the nomenclature of rare-earth minerals; when a new mineral only differs in the principal rare earth present from one already named, no new name should be given, the new species being distinguished by appending the chemical symbol of the principal rare earth, in parentheses (this is not, of course, applicable when the established name specifies one particular rare earth, as, for example, yttro- fluorite). Subcommittees have been appointed to attempt to rationalize the nomenclature of the pyrochlore and amphibole groups, and will be reporting shortly; a subcommittee for the nomenclature of the pyroxenes is being formed (the Editor would be glad of suggestions for suitable members of this Committee).
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Download the Scanned
THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL. 51, AUGUST 1966 TABLE 1. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF NEW MINERALS, DISCREDITED MINERALS, AND CHANGES OF MINERALOGICAL NOMENCLATURE, VOLS. 1-50 (1916_1965),THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST' In this table, entries are given with volume numbers and page numbers. Because there has been one volume per year, the year is not given;it is obtained by adding the volume number to 1915. New minerals considered to be valid speciesare in bold face and the composition is indicated. For minerals not consideredto be valid, rela- tions to other minerals are indicated in two ways. An entry such as: Absite (: thorian Brannerite) 4L, 166 means that this was the opinion of the abstractoroI the paper referred to, or the opinion of the compiler;an entry such as: Absite: Brannerite 48, t4l9-t420 means that this was the opinion of the author of.the paper referred to. In either case, there is also given a suitable reference under Bran- nerite. Votes of the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, I.M.A., are indicated by the following symbols: *-Name approved by the Commission f-Name disapproved by the Commission {-Name disapproved by the Commission because of incomplete data, later approved on the basis of a fuller description -Name $ first approved by the Commission, but later disap- proved ll-Vote of Commission indecisive TABLE 1 Vol,umeno. * 1915 n'o' Abernathyite,K(UO)(Asor).4HzO n . ,r-notou" Abkhazite(:tremolite Amphibole) 26,349-350 Ablykite (: Halloysite?) ZS,7OS tAbsite:Brannerite 4t, 166;48,l41g-1+20 Abukumalite,(Y, Ce,Ca)s(SiOr,
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Fluorescent Rocks & Minerals
Fluorescent Rocks & Minerals Auckland Teacher's Day Dec 4th 2020 Martyn P. Coles 2 Definitions and Background • LUMINESCENCE defined as: "Light, or a glow, emitted by a luminescent (cool) object or surface" (Oxford English Dictionary) • an energy source promotes an electron of an atom from its "ground" (lowest-energy) state into an "excited" (higher-energy) state • the electron gives back the energy in the form of light so it can fall back to its "ground" state Excited State ENERGY e e LIGHT Ground Ground State State 3 Types of Luminescence CHEMILUMINESCENCE : luminescence where the energy is supplied by chemical reactions For example - Glow-sticks • typically the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with a solution of phenyl oxylate ester and a dye molecule (http://www.neonhusky.com) Ph O O O H2O2 O C Dye 2 Ph OH + 2 CO2 + Dye* O C O O O LIGHT Ph Dye 5 Types of Luminescence BIOLUMINESCENCE : luminescence where the chemical reactions occur in living things (a type of Chemiluminescence) For example – Glow Worm (Lampyris Noctiluca) • chemical responsible : LUCIFERIN CO H N N 2 HO S S (http://www.wildinbritain.co.uk) • enzyme (LUCIFERASE) catalyses Luciferin Oxyluciferin oxidation of luciferin to give + O2 inactive oxyluciferin and light LIGHT 5b New Zealand’s own Arachnocampa Luminosa Waitomo Glowworm Caves (can also be seen in Zealandia / Karori…) 6 Fluorescence FLUORESCENCE : luminescence where the energy is supplied by electro- magnetic radiation "The coloured luminosity produced in some transparent bodies by the direct action of light, esp. of the violet and ultra-violet rays; the property, in certain substances, of rendering the ultra-violet rays visible, so as to produce this phenomenon" (Oxford English Dictionary) UV-Light Eu3+ vis Eu3+ UV 7 Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelength (l) u Radio l = c Microwave E = h u E = h c Infrared l Visible • l inverse relationship with frequency, u Ultraviolet i.e.
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IMA–CNMNC Approved Mineral Symbols
Mineralogical Magazine (2021), 85, 291–320 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 Article IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols Laurence N. Warr* Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany Abstract Several text symbol lists for common rock-forming minerals have been published over the last 40 years, but no internationally agreed standard has yet been established. This contribution presents the first International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved collection of 5744 mineral name abbreviations by combining four methods of nomenclature based on the Kretz symbol approach. The collection incorporates 991 previously defined abbreviations for mineral groups and species and presents a further 4753 new symbols that cover all currently listed IMA minerals. Adopting IMA– CNMNC approved symbols is considered a necessary step in standardising abbreviations by employing a system compatible with that used for symbolising the chemical elements. Keywords: nomenclature, mineral names, symbols, abbreviations, groups, species, elements, IMA, CNMNC (Received 28 November 2020; accepted 14 May 2021; Accepted Manuscript published online: 18 May 2021; Associate Editor: Anthony R Kampf) Introduction used collection proposed by Whitney and Evans (2010). Despite the availability of recommended abbreviations for the commonly Using text symbols for abbreviating the scientific names of the studied mineral species, to date < 18% of mineral names recog- chemical elements
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Procedures Involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and Guidelines on Mineral Nomenclature
American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 1031-1042, 1987 Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature ERNEST H. NICKEL * Division of Minerals and Geochemistry, CSIRO, Private Bag, P.O., Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia JOSEPH A. MANDARINO** Department of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada INTRODUCTION Proposed name and reason for its selection. The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names Description of the occurrence. Geographic and geologic (hereafter abbreviated as CNMMN) of the International occurrence, paragenesis, and a list of associated minerals, Mineralogical Association was established in 1959 for the particularly those in apparent equilibrium with the new purpose of controlling mineral nomenclature. All pro- mineral. posals for introducing new minerals, changing mineral- Chemical composition and method of analysis. ogical nomenclature, and discrediting or redefining exist- Chemical formula. Empirical and simplified. ing minerals and mineral names should be submitted to Crystallography. Crystal system, crystal class, space the CNMMN for approval before publication. If approv- group, unit-cell parameters, unit-cell volume, number of al is withheld, the proposal should not be published. formula units per unit cell, X-ray powder data, mor- This report incorporates material from previous re- phology, and crystal structure. ports on mineral nomenclature and procedures of the General appearance and physical properties. Grain or CNMMN (Fleischer, 1970; Donnay and Fleischer, 1970; crystal size, type of aggregate, color, streak, luster, trans- Embrey and Hey, 1970; Hey and Gottardi, 1980; Man- parency, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, parting, fracture, darino et aI., 1984) and represents an attempt to consol- density (calculated and measured).
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