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Beached Shipwreck Archeology: Case Studies from Channel Islands National Park

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Beached Shipwreck Archeology: Case Studies from Channel Islands National Park 15q /D-1<13 United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN REGION Intermountain Support Office - Santa Fe P.O. Box 728 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-0728 In reply refer to: H24(IMSF-SRC) October 19, 2005 Technical Information Center P.O. Box 25287- DSC-PGT Denver, CO 80225-0287 Dear Technical Information Center: Please accept with our compliments the enclosed volume entitled: Beached Shipwreck Archeology: Case Studies fromChannel Islands National Park by Matthew A. Russell, Submerged Resources Center Professional Reports Number 18. This monograph presents research conducted from 1993-1999 on three beached shipwreck sites in Channel Islands National Park. The sites possibly represent three Pacific Coast lumber schooners, J.M Colman, Dora Bluhm and Comet, wrecked in the islands between 1905 and 1911. The schooner remains are used as case studies to develop a methodology for recording and interpreting beached shipwrecks, which through systematic documentation and analysis can yield import;mt archeological information. The study demonstrates the value of even widely scattered shipwrecks fragments, and it should be of interest to archeologists, managers and the general public. As always, we welcome your comments. Sincez�;v, d"U'J2�/I A t, ·;nV Larry E. hy, Chief Submerge esources Center Enclosure BEACHED SHIPWRECK ARCHEOLOGY: CASE STUDIES FROM CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK a product of the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SYSTEMWIDE ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY PROGRAM BEACHED SHIPWRECK ARCHEOLOGY: CASE STUDIES FROM CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK Matthew A. Russell Submerged Resources Center Professional Reports Number 18 Submerged Resources Center Intermountain Region National Park Service Santa Fe, New Mexico 2005 1ll Submerged Resources Center Intermountain Region National Park Service US Department of the Interior IV TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST I)F FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... vii FOI{EWORD ................................................................................................................................ xi ACKJ\OWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... xiii EXEC UTlVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... XV INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... ............... 1 2 THE PACIFIC COAST LUMBER TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LUMBER SCHOONER ............................................................................... 9 Pacific Coast Lumber Trade ................................................................................... 9 Pacific Coast Lumber Schooners ......................................................................... 11 Decline of the Pacific Coast Lumber Schooner ............................................... 17 3 THE HALL BROTHERS SHIPYARD AND THE SCHOONERS Dora Bluhm, Comet and J. M. Colman ..................................................................... 19 Hall Brothers Shipyard ......................................................................................... 19 Ve ssel Histories ......................................................................................... ........... 23 Schooner Dora Bluhm ................................................................. .................. 23 Schooner Comet ............................................................................................. 27 Schooner J. M. Colman .............................................................. ............ ....... 31 Wreck Events ....................................................................................................... 33 Schooner J. M. Colman ...................................................................... ........... 33 Schooner Dora Bluhm ................................................................................... 37 Schooner Comet ............................................................ ....................... .......... 38 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 40 4 ARCHEOLOGICALANALYSIS .............................................................................. 47 Location ............................................................................................................... 4 7 Methodology .................................................................................................. ...... 51 Description ofFieldwork ........................................................................................ 52 Northwest Cove Site ................................................................................... ......... 55 Intertidal Zone Iron Features ................................................................. ......... 56 Wooden Elements and Fragments ................................................................... 72 v Cluster Point Site ................................................................................................. 82 Comet Site ............................................................................................................ 97 Anchor Analysis .............................................................................................. 98 Site Description ........................................................................................... ....... 100 Site Analysis ....................................................................................................... 105 Bow Structure ............................................................................................... 105 Bow Rigging ................................................................................................. 121 Ground Tackle ............................................................................................... 125 Site Formation Processes ..... ...... ....................................... ................................. 134 5 CONCLUSIONS .................. ................................................................................... 143 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 147 APPENDIX A Enrollment and Registration Data: Schooner Dora Bluhm ......... 153 APPENDIX B Enrollment and Registration Data: Schooner Comet .................. 161 APPENDIX C Enrollment and Registration Data: Schooner J. M. Colman ....... 165 Vl LIST OF FIGURES 1. 1. Channel Islands National Park ........................................................................................... 2 1.2. Comet site exposed in Simonton Cove in 1984 ................................................................. 3 1. 3. Comet timbers and anchor exposed in 1984 ...................................................................... 4 1.4. Comet's capstan in 1984 .................................................................................................... 4 1.5. Comet site in April 1999 .................................................................................................... 5 1.6. Shipwreck site formation processes based on Muckelroy . ... ....................... .............. .. ..... 7 2.1. Schooner Watson A. West at an unknown port ................................................................ 12 2. 2.. Hulda and Otto Lembke aboard Comet at Santa Barbara, California, 1905..... ................ 17 3.1. Map of Blakely Harbor, Washington, 1894 ...................................................................... 22 3.2 . Hall Brothers Shipyard, Port Blakely, Washington, 1899 ................................................ 22 3.3. Schooner Comet docked at San Pedro, California ........................................................... 28 3.4. Comet at Santa Barbara, California, 1904 ....................................................................... 29 3.5. Schooner J. M. Colman about 1900 ................................................................................ 32 3 .6. J. M. Colman at anchor, San Pedro, California ............................................................... 32 3. 7. Driftwood camp at Point Bennett, San Miguel Island, ca. 1911 ...................................... 36 3. 8. Additional view of driftwood, Northwest Cove, Point Bennett, San Miguel Island ........ 36 3.9. Comet aground in Simonton Cove, San Miguel Island .................................................... .41 3.10. Comet aground in Simonton Cove, San Miguel Island .....................................................41 3. I 1. Comet's stem, aground in Simonton Cove, San Miguel Island ........................................ 42 3. I 2. Unidentified woman on Comet's forecastle deck .............................................................4 2 3.13. Unidentified man on Comet's forecastle deck .................................................................. 43 3.14. Anchor stock sticking out of the sand in Simonton Cove in the 1980s ...........................43 4.1. Comet site and Northwest Cove site locations on San Miguel Island .............................. 48 4.2. Aerial view of Northwest Cove on San Miguel Island's Point Bennett ...........................48 4.3. Aerial view of Comet site in Simonton Cove ................................................................... 49 4.4. Cluster Point site location on Santa Rosa Island ............................................................
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