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ITUC Global Rights Index WORKERS for COUNTRIES WORST WORLD's THE
ITUC GLOBAL 2016 RIGHTS INDEX THE WORLD’S WORST COUNTRIES FOR WORKERS D/2015/11.962/9 ITUC International Trade Union Confederation 5 Bd Roi Albert II, Bte 1 – B-1210 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: + 32 2 224 02 11 – Fax: +32 2 224 02 97 E-mail: [email protected] – www.ituc-csi.org PUBLISHER RESPONSIBLE IN LAW: Sharan Burrow, General secretary INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION THE WORLD'S WORST COUNTRIES FOR WORKERS The 2016 ITUC Global Rights Index | 2 The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is a confederation of national trade union centres, each of which links trade unions of that particular country. It was established on 1 November 2006, bringing together the organisations which were formerly affiliated to the ICFTU and WCL (both now dissolved) as well as a number of national trade union centres which had no international affiliation at the time. The new Confederation has 333 affiliated organisation in 162 countries and territories on all five continents, with a membership of 180 million, 40 per cent of whom are women. It is also a partner in “Global Unions” together with the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD and the Global Union Federations (GUFs) which link together national unions from a particular trade or industry at international level. The ITUC has specialised offices in a number of countries around the world, and has General Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The 2016 ITUC Global Rights Index | 4 Foreword .............................................7 Kenya .................................................62 -
November 08, 2018
Page 4 November 08, 2018 (1) Presidential Poll... Afghan News: “I plan to contest the dence on foreign aid and put a ma- when talking about Jennie’s com- 10,000 horticulturists were engaged in pomegranate farming and har- resigned from their posts. Presidential Election and the cre- jor dent in the illicit opium trade, the ments. vests in Kandahar. A reliable source wishing anonym- ation of our team is being mulled main revenue source of the Taliban “How could you do anything but He said the Ministry of Agriculture, ity said four electoral alliances had over.” insurgency. not try and do your best on Election Irrigation and Livestock created been formed so far. Anwarul Haq Ahadi, head of the The sanctions exception granted to Day? To sit around and mope or not new pomegranate gardens on 250 Mohammad Ashraf Ghani with Atta New Afghanistan National Front, the Chabahar project aims to further focus is something that would be acres of land in Kandahar this year. Mohammad Noor and Sarwar Dan- said: “I will try to be an independent US ties with Afghanistan and India unrelateable to Brent,” he said. (Pajhwok) ish as his deputies would be sup- candidate but if the decision to sup- “as we execute a policy of maxi- Thousands of miles away in Af- ported by Gulbuddin Hikmatyar, port another candidate would be mum pressure to change the Iranian ghanistan, Rahmani told VOA he (10) 7 Police Personnel... taken later.” regime’s destabilizing policies in hoped the Taliban would see his let- Mohammad Karim Khalili, Sib- Mohibullah Mohib said two securi- Syed Jawad Hussiani, spokesman the region and beyond,” the State ter and realize that the “bonds” of ghatullah Mujadidi, Pir Syed Hamid ty forces were killed and two others for the New Afghanistan National Department spokesman said. -
The Italian Approach to Libya
Études de l’Ifri "PLAYING WITH MOLECULES" The Italian Approach to Libya Aldo LIGA April 2018 Turkey/Middle East Program The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-36567-861-2 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2018 Cover: “A scratched map of Libya hanging on the walls inside a reception centre for unaccompanied and separated migrant and refugee minors in Western Sicily”. © Aldo Liga. How to quote this document: Aldo Liga, “‘Playing with Molecules’: The Italian Approach to Libya”, Études de l’Ifri, Ifri, April 2018. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Author Aldo Liga is a freelance analyst on Middle East and North Africa issues and energy. He works for a Swiss-NGO which implements assessment, monitoring & evaluation and organisational capacity-building programmes. He holds a MA in International Security from Sciences Po Paris and a BA in Political Science from the “Cesare Alfieri” School of Political Sciences of Florence. -
« L'affaire Regeni »
Dossier « L’affaire Regeni » Article La (liberté de) recherche, une question d’intérêt national ? Daniela Melfa Université de Catane, Italie Traduit de l’italien par Béatrice Hibou CNRS, CERI-Sciences Po Suivi du document Commission d’enquête parlementaire sur la mort de Giulio Regeni. Séance n° 9 du 13 mai 2020 Traduit de l’italien par Béatrice Hibou CNRS, CERI-Sciences Po Sociétés politiques comparées, 53, janvier-avril 2021 ISSN 2429-1714 Éditeur : Fonds d’analyse des sociétés politiques, FASOPO, Paris | http://fasopo.org Citer l’article et le compte-rendu de la séance du 13 mai 2020 de la commission d’enquête parlementaire : Daniela Melfa, « L’affaire Regeni. La (liberté de) recherche, une question d’intérêt national ? », Sociétés politiques comparées, 53, janvier/avril 2021, http://www.fasopo.org/sites/default/files/charivaria_n53_2.pdf Sociétés politiques comparées, 53, janvier/avril 2021 La (liberté de) recherche, une question d’intérêt national ? Résumé L’article fait suite à l’audition parlementaire des représentants de la Société (italienne) pour les études sur le Moyen-Orient (SeSaMO) auprès de la Commission d’enquête sur la mort de Giulio Regeni, qui a eu lieu en avril 2020. Après un examen critique des discours dominants sur la recherche menée par Giulio Regeni et sur les responsabilités de la directrice de thèse, l’autrice précise les procédures appliquées par les universités italiennes dans le cas de missions à l’étranger et le degré d’autonomie dont les doctorants bénéficient. L’insécurité montante dans le Moyen-Orient et l’Afrique du Nord, confirmée par plusieurs cas de « prisonniers scientifiques », est ensuite abordée à la lumière des changements géopolitiques post- Guerre froide qui ont contraint l’Italie à réviser sa politique méditerranéenne. -
Security Report November 2010 - June 2011 (PART II)
Report Afghanistan: Security Report November 2010 - June 2011 (PART II) Report Afghanistan: Security Report November 2010 – June 2011 (PART II) LANDINFO – 20 SEPTEMBER 2011 1 The Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo) is an independent body that collects and analyses information on current human rights situations and issues in foreign countries. It provides the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), Norway’s Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police with the information they need to perform their functions. The reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from both public and non-public sources. The information is collected and analysed in accordance with source criticism standards. When, for whatever reason, a source does not wish to be named in a public report, the name is kept confidential. Landinfo’s reports are not intended to suggest what Norwegian immigration authorities should do in individual cases; nor do they express official Norwegian views on the issues and countries analysed in them. © Landinfo 2011 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33A P.O. Box 8108 Dep NO-0032 Oslo Norway Tel: +47 23 30 94 70 Fax: +47 23 30 90 00 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.landinfo.no Report Afghanistan: Security Report November 2010 – June 2011 (PART II) LANDINFO – 20 SEPTEMBER 2011 2 SUMMARY The security situation in most parts of Afghanistan is deteriorating, with the exception of some of the big cities and parts of the central region. -
Identity Crisis in Italy This Page Intentionally Left Blank IDENTITY CRISIS in ITALY
168 25 168 Spurred by ongoing conflicts between city-states and the nobility, unification for Italy was a gradual and difficult process. While such divisions shortly subsided to allow the peninsula to become unified, Italy has always been troubled by the difficulties of cultivating a national identity. Identity Crisis Throughout the past and in the present, Italy has been a nation of division. But recently this division has become deeper because of the growing differences between the various parts of the country caused by ITALY IN DENTITY CRISIS unresolved political, institutional, economic and secu- rity problems. The need for academic discourse on the in Italy division encouraged scholars to cooperate and identify the most important causes and elements of the Ital- ian identity crisis such as the political crisis caused by feelings of lack, instability or injustice, the economic 238 and financial crises leading to the erosion of social cohesion and the insecurity linked to immigration. This book presents the result of this dialogue. Fanni Tanács-Mandák (ed.): I (ed.): Tanács-Mandák Fanni The work was created in commission of the National University of Public Service under the priority project PACSDOP-2.1.2- CCHOP-15-2016-00001 entitled “Public Service Development Establishing Good Governance.” Edited by: FANNI TANÁCS-MANDÁK European Social Fund INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE Identity Crisis in Italy This page intentionally left blank IDENTITY CRISIS IN ITALY Edited by Fanni Tanács-Mandák Dialóg Campus Budapest, 2019 The work was created in commission of the National University of Public Service under the priority project PACSDOP-2.1.2- CCHOP-15-2016-00001 entitled “Public Service Development Establishing Good Governance”. -
Media-Watch-Report-72-English.Pdf
1 Preamble: Freedom of expression is considered one of the basic elements of democracy and World Press Freedom Day is marked every year all over the world. This is true in Afghanistan, where journalists have been celebrating this day ever since the collapse of the Taliban regime. In Afghanistan this year, World Press Freedom Day was marked amid a climate of continuing violence, where journalists and media houses continue to encounter serious challenges. Tens of journalists have lost their lives and hundreds of others are threatened with physical violence and short and long term detainment. Physical violence is not the only problem journalists face. Some of the powerful government officials see media as a direct threat to their power, and put obstacles in their way and impose limitations on them. The most recent example of such limitation comes from the Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs which is intending to establish a unit by the name of “Promotion of Virtue”, a unit intended to pressure the media and journalists. Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs argues that the mentioned branch will be established in order to regulate media related affairs and prevent programs that the Ministry calls ‘unethical’. But it is crystal clear that the Afghan government is not seeking to regulate media; rather, it is seeking to limit their scope. Although last year saw a 30% drop in the rate of violence against journalists and media, the incidents over the last three months obscured the optimism that last year inspired. In addition to the volatile provinces, even in stable provinces local authorities and influential figures can cause media and journalists trouble. -
Media-Watch-English-Report-68.Pdf
1 Preamble: The early days of 2011 have seen instances of violence against journalists in Afghanistan. These come at a time when statistics on violations against journalists in 2010 showed a considerable drop compared with 2009. However, this was not because the Afghan government acted to reduce violence against journalists; rather, Afghan journalists themselves have taken preventative action to avoid being exposed to violence. The downside has been increased self-censorship among journalists, which leads to a situation where the public remains uniformed about some events. Censorship and self-censorship is a disaster for journalism. Journalists avoid challenges and dangers when security authorities fail to provide the safety in which they can go about their work properly without compromising their personal security. Recent statistics revealing a lack of awareness by government officials about the nature of journalists’ work is one of the biggest challenges to their work. In fact, security forces and government officials account for a large number of cases of mistreatment and assault on journalists during 2010 and early 2011. Ten years after the overthrow of the Taliban and the establishment of the current system, freedom of expression is still not institutionalized and the people’s right to information is still being violated. While it is the responsibility of the Afghan government to ensure the right of the public to express their opinions without fear, it does not take adequate measures to ensure freedom of expression. Sometimes it even violates this important right. Despite all the challenges ahead for freedom of expression in Afghanistan, it does does exist in a very fragile, unstable and immature state. -
The Populist Challenges to the EU Foreign and Security Policy Towards Egypt and Tunisia: a Case of De-Europeanisation?
The populist challenges to the EU foreign and security policy towards Egypt and Tunisia: A case of de-Europeanisation? Adrià Rivera Escartinab Abstract At a time when populism conquers political agendas in the European Union (EU) and elsewhere, it is pertinent to scrutinize which are the policy implications of such a surge for the EU, not only intra-institutionally, but also for its foreign and security policy in third country contexts. Populist parties in government, such as for example the Lega or Fidesz have a declared interest in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in Northern Africa. Their main focus centre around the importance they give to migration control, border management and the security sector in these countries. It is thus relevant to investigate to what extent populism is shaping the thinking about the ENP as it is evolving from a normative-based towards a much more “interest-based” policy. This paper will examine the implications of populist pressure on the ENP in third country contexts, using Tunisia and Egypt for in-depth case studies. In the case of Tunisia, Italian demands for more Tunisian efforts on border management have exacerbated inconsistencies in EU-Tunisia liberalization efforts. The case of Egypt has been one of parallel and separate discussions of the European Council/EU Presidency and of the Visegrad group headed by Hungary on matters relating to regional security as well as migration. The ENP’s coherence and effectiveness has suffered as a consequence. The paper also aims to contribute conceptually to current debates on de-Europeanisation or not of the EU foreign and security policy. -
665B1bd2d69bd19149257850
CIVIL - MILITARY FUSION CEN TRE Afghanistan Review Week 10 09 March 2011 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises INSIDE THIS ISSUE This document provides a weekly overview of developments in Afghanistan from 02 March—08 March 2011, with hyper-links to source material highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. For Economic Development more information on the topics below or other issues pertaining to events in Afghanistan, feel free to con- Governance & Participation tact the members of the Afghanistan Team, or visit our website at www.cimicweb.org. Humanitarian Affairs Infrastructure Rule of Law Security Economic Development Steven A. Zyck ► [email protected] Socio-Cultural Development fghan government agencies and de- construction team (PRT) and agriculture offi- velopment agencies such as the Inter- cials in the province began the distribution of ABOUT THE CFC national Labour Organisation (ILO) 45,000 apple tree seedlings. Nine districts in A estimate that between 30% and 50% of Af- the province will receive 5,000 seedlings each, The Civil-Military Fusion Centre ghans are unemployed, according to Outlook with individual farmers receiving approxi- (CFC) is an Information and Afghanistan. Experts attribute the recent per- mately 30 seedlings in most areas. While Knowledge Management sistence of unemployment to conflict, a lack of USAID hopes that the seedlings will promote organisation focused on market-relevant educational and vocational commercial apple production, Afghan agricul- improving civil-military interaction, training opportunities and the Afghan govern- ture officials noted that farmers in the area facilitating information sharing and ment‟s hesitancy to establish state-owned en- will need significant training on how to grow enhancing situational awareness terprises. -
Il Caso Regeni Nell'egitto Di Al-Sīsī: Ricadute Nazionali E Internazionali
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Lingue, Economie e Istituzioni dell’Asia e dell’Africa Mediterranea (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) Tesi di Laurea Il caso Regeni nell’Egitto di al-Sīsī: ricadute nazionali e internazionali Relatore Ch.ma Prof.ssa Barbara De Poli Correlatore Ch.ma Prof.ssa Patrizia Zanelli Laureando Lucia Pastorino Matricola 846471 Anno Accademico 2017 / 2018 1 Indice: Muqaddima ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduzione ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Chi era Giulio Regeni e perché il suo omicidio è diventato un caso diplomatico ...................... 10 1.1 La sparizione e il ritrovamento del corpo ............................................................................. 10 1.2 Dal “caso isolato” al caso diplomatico ................................................................................. 18 2 Il contesto politico egiziano del 25 gennaio 2016 ....................................................................... 19 2.1 La “primavera araba” egiziana ............................................................................................. 19 2.2 La fine delle proteste e l’ascesa dei militari ......................................................................... 25 2.3 L’avvento di al-Sīsī e la transizione democratica ................................................................. 26 2.4 I servizi -
The Functioning of Diplomatic Protection and the Case of Giulio Regeni
Master’s Degree programme – Second Cycle (D.M.270/2004) in Comparative International Relations Final Thesis The functioning of diplomatic protection and the case of Giulio Regeni Supervisor Ch. Professor Sara De Vido Assistant supervisor Ch. Arianna Vettorel Graduand Sofia Franceschini 854168 Academic Year 2019/2020 1 2 Be the change you want to see in the world 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..pg 8 Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………….pg 14 Introduction………………………………………………………………………....pg 16 Chapter I – Diplomatic Protection: the origins……………………………………..pg 20 Premise……………………………………………………………………..pg 20 1. Diplomatic Protection: an historical overview……………………………pg 21 2. The Calvo Doctrine: diplomatic protection as a weapon for supremacy....pg 29 3. The diplomatic protection of individuals and their properties, as one of the raison d’être of diplomatic and consular relations…………………………….……………………………………..pg 36 4. The State internationally responsible for a wrongful act and the mechanism of diplomatic protection: two sides of the same coin?....................................pg 40 Chapter II – Diplomatic Protection: an explanation of the conditions necessary for its invocation…………………………………………………………………………..pg 56 Premise……………………………………………………………………..pg 56 1. The evolution of the concept of nationality as a precondition for a State to act on behalf of an individual injured abroad………………………………pg 57 2. The European Citizenship enforcing the right of diplomatic protection on behalf of European citizens: the dilemma between consular and diplomatic protection……………………………………………………………….pg 71 3. The rule of prior exhaustion of local remedies: an outdated customary principle?.................................................................................................pg 78 4 4. The clean hands doctrine: a principle of international law excluded from the Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection………………………………..pg 83 5. The use of force to protect citizens abroad applied to implement the mechanism of diplomatic protection.