Ch'uan Shu Tsung Mu, Ch

F '£2i)l,(: j{, :;i/(r;l£'fili w,,, \l0 t 11<,,,,.,;,s-1y:.tls\ '"'%•,:5 ,\f�i)�frIS ·!M . '.� ' , \,jf:); 'ii• • " &i >�,, i - ., .., ;;. · .... - .. ERR AT.A Page 5: Line 11, fill in characters for Che-tung it� Az . ,Linen·12, after the·word "written",. .fill inih}Jl . .Line 15,· . after the ·word "wr.i te� ", , fill· in .,fN . .Line 31 should. read,. "Comment: we·hold·.that rl y·ang· ip, written .f MAN SHU Book of the southern Barbarians THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM The Southeast Asia Program was organized at Cornell University in the Department of Far Eastern Studies in 1950. It is a teaching and research program of inter- · disciplinary studies in the humanities, social sciences, and some natural sciences. It deals with Southeast Asia as a region, and with the individual countries of the area: Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaya, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The activities of the Program are carried on both at Cornell and in southeast Asia. They include an under graduate and graduate curriculum at Cornell which provides instruction by special.ists in southeast Asian cultural history and present-day aff�irs and offers intensive train� ing in each of the major languages of the area. The Program sponsors group research projects on Thailand, on Indonesia, on the Philippines, and on the area's Chinese minorities. At the same time, individual staff and students of the Program have done field research in every Southeast Asian country• . A list of publications relating to Southeast Asia which may be obtained on prepaid order directly from the Program is given at the end of this volume. Information on the Program staff, fellowships, requirements for degrees, and current course offerings will be found in an Announce ment of the Department of Far Eastern Studies, obtainable from the Director, ·southeast Asia Program, Franklin Hall,; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. THE MAN SH U (Book of the Southern Barbarians) Translated By Gordon H. Luce Edited By G. P. Oey .. Data Paper: Number 44 Southeast Asia Program Department of ·Far Eastern Studies Cornell University, Ithaca, New York December, 1961 $4.00 Copyright Southeast� sia Program 19Ql PREFACE . It was a great privilege for me to be entrusted with t!,.e �sk of!·- _ edi.�ing the present translation of th:e Man Shu�- It should be stated right at the beginning. tru;\t_ Prof�ssor Gordon H. Luce,_ ·who bears t-he main responsibility for thi.s,work, does not conside-r the ·present translation a finished product� · The reader should bear in mind that it is intended to be no more than a workin�<paper for scholars interested in the subject. · The reason for committing this unfinished product to the public is two-fold: firstly, there is no likelihood in the near future that Professor Luce will have the time to deal with the many problems con nected with this translation due to his full-time commitment to the u·r· genf task of his two (or more) volume hi�torical work on Old Burma; - secondly, it se�ms _most desirable that the· English rendition of such an important document for the history of mainland Southeast Asia be made availa�le as soon as possible to -�cholars interested ir>: that area. The translation, which was done in Rangoon, wa� brought· to the attention· of the Faculty of the Southeast Asia Program of Cornell University by the Asia Foundation, with the result that the former agreed to undertake its publication. According to the original plan, the publication was to include the whole Chinese text, thus enabling sinologists to compare the translation with the original. However, owing to financial reasons combined with considerations of the provisional nature of the translation, the general availability of at least one edition of the Chinese text--viz. that contained in the Ts'ung -shu chi ch'eng, v. 3117--in most Chinese libraries, and the irrelevance of the origrna1 to those who have had no training in the Chinese language, the original plan was abandoned for the inclusion of only those Chinese characters which seem to be essential for the identi fication of geographical and personal names. A side from these, where the proper order of characters or the punctuation seems to be in doubt, whole passages have been reproduced. The use of parentheses is em ployed for inclosing equivalent dates and brief notes or queries of the translator. · The present translation was based on two editions, viz. the Chien-hsi-ts!un-she ts •ung k 'o edition, which was not divided into ten but chapters_ paged consecutively throughout, and the· Wu-ying-tien edition, which did have the present division in ten: chapters. In re-editing the Man shu, the 18th century Wu-ying-tien editors made numerous commentaries which were interspersed in small char acters among the original text. To distinguish these commentaries from Fan Ch'o's writing, in the presetit publication the former appear indented in relation to the main story. The map and the table of names include a few items from sources other than the Man shu, mostly from Chia Tan's itinerary in Chapter 43 of Hsin T'ang shu. In behalf of the· Southeast Asia Program, I want to thank the Asia Foundation for its valuable assistance during the preparation of this publication. Giok-Po Oey Ithaca Winter, 1961 INTRODUCTION The essential facts about the t "t Man shu of'� �!· Fan Ch'o are given by Paul Pelliot as follows: -(Bulletin de l'Ec·ole Francaise -- . d'Extreme.:.Orient, t. IV, 1904, p. 132, n. 5.)-It is here translated from the French. "The Mari shu iri 10 chuan 1s the work,of Fan Ch'o, who is men- e zzz � e .of �on d in the N w T'aiig'History__ (ch.. f. 2. , �s a :s. cr:tary }t· Ts•ai Hsi, ChineseGovernor of Tongking.: At the time of the I_� es trou of 86z· Ao D. which caused the de,ith of Ts·•ai Hsi; Fan.Ch'o managed to e scape, bearing the seals of his Chief. He pub!ishe,i his work at the beginning of the Hsien-t'ung period (860-873). (cf. t!D If 1:- "vf3 �� 1§1 Ssu k'u ch'uan shu tsung mu, ch. 66, f. 11). The Man shu was lost as an independent work· at the beginning of the Ming dynasty, but only afte-r the compilation of the � � -f,l1f Yung-lo ta tien. It was to the Yung-lo ta tien that the 18th century scholars went in search of long extracts classi fied under various headings. They divided these fragments arbitrarily , · · e int� 1.0 chapters_ un?er pretext of conformin$. to t�e original· numb r. The Man shu was edited 1n moveable type at the� Iffi�Wu-Ying-tien in 1774. It is this editio princeps ·which I have used. There is a good number of re �im!pres ions, not on y in the collected reprints of works edite�a � _ � � . J �� Wu-Y1ng-t1en, but also 1n collections such as the valuable � � 41f} l<j.'X.._ it, A Yun-nan ei chen chih. n,,.11dition marking proper names has rece ntly appeare 1n t e , ,:!fl ,t- :t �� Chien-hsi-ts •un-she ts •ung k'o (cf. B. E. F.E. 0, , 518). �he Man shu deserves to be translated . and annotated in full.'' · For a first translation S_f i�e Man shu9 made with my lamented teacher the late Rev. Bhikkhu� � Wan Ruisi before the War, I used th� Chien-hsi-ts'un-she ts •ung k8o edition, not divided into 10 chapters, but paged consecutive ly throughout. That text and translation were lost during the War. Since then, we have donej,.h e transla�j.on again in seminar from photostats of the edition of the � � d'� (� ±) 1iF jp � Shu-cheng Studio of Yang Wen-sun (Yun-shih) of Hai-ning. TH£. main contributors to the translation were Mr. Chen Yee Sein fi J� t.1. Chinese Reader to the Burma Historical Commission, anS'myself. My colleague on the Commission, Colonel Ba Shin, is!.responsible for the working map. Both printed editions are obviously corrupt. The first task of a scholar should presumably be to restore, as far as possible, the original text by collation with quotations from the Man shu (someti:me s by called other names) in pre-Ming.authors - not least from the Old and New T'ang Historie s, which sometimes borrow (and misuse) its material without acknowledge ment. Speaking personally, we in Burma have found the Man shu invaluable in setting the stage for the coming of the proto-Burmans in the 9th century A. D. There is no evidence that Fan Ch •o ever visited the Burma frontier; but he must have had good informants (such as ' Jib f_:3 Liang K 00»0 and worked hard even under close siege in J!- rfi JA An-nan city (? Hanoi). At its fall" wounded by an arrow in the right wrist, 9 yet holding the dying Governor s seal of office 11 and also. {it seems) his own precious manuscript - how he managed to· swin .under fire across the broad river to safety on the far bank, seems almost a miracle. If the work has proved valuable for its record of Western Yunnan11 it is not likely to be less valuable for Eastern and Southern0 which Fan Ch'o knew better. During the War, Rangoon University Library which contained over 20, 000 volumes in its Chinese section alonep was looted and blown up by the Japanese.

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