G20 Voices on the Future of the Space Economy Space20 Space Economy Leaders Meeting 7 October 2020, Saudi Arabia

KPMG.com 2 G20 Voices on the Future of the Space Economy Contents

3 Space20

5 Foreword

7 Key themes from the Space20 meeting

10 G20 heads of space agencies summary

23 Recommendations

24 Contacts

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The G20 Secretariat realized how space can be part of developing new frontiers and maintaining a peaceful environment on earth and understands the role of new space activities in the broader economy. Therefore, for the first time in G20 history, space has been selected as one of the 22 priorities of the G20 2020 agenda, titled “Promoting Space Cooperation” under the goal “Shaping New Frontiers.”

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The first Space Economy Leaders Meeting – Space20 was held virtually on 7 October 2020. It was a high-profile meeting, organized by the Saudi Space Commission (SSC) and the G20 Saudi Secretariat as part of the International Conferences Program. The meeting was initiated to increase awareness of the space economy, shape new frontiers in the global economy, and to contribute to the international efforts on the peaceful uses of space while maximizing its economic benefit.

The meeting brought together the heads of space agencies from the G20 countries as the leaders of the space economy ecosystem. The main agenda item of the Space20 meeting focused on exploring the views of the space agency heads The gathering was opened by the Chairman of the on the role of the space economy in shaping new SSC, His Royal Highness Prince Saltan bin Salman al frontiers in the global economy. KPMG was selected to Saud. Aside from the G20 countries, also the United manage this agenda item and produce this report that Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) summarizes and presents the discussion, G20 Voices and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and on the Future of the Space Economy. Development (OECD) took part in the agenda and presented papers focused on leveraging space data to It is expected that the G20 countries will continue to counter pandemics and on measuring the economic host the Space20 meeting as part of the ongoing G20 impact of the space industry. agendas in the coming years.

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Foreword

We are very happy and honoured to host the G20 meetings for 2020, and for the first time have a focus on the Space Economy. King Salman and Saudi Arabia are not new to the space industry, though we are keen to make it a part of the agenda of the G20 meetings going forward. I was honoured to participate in Saudi Arabia’s first His Royal Highness space mission in 1985 on the space Shuttle Discovery Sultan bin Salman Al Saud from the United States. The first phone call was made by King Fahd and King Salman, who is also my father, to me in the space shuttle. In that regard, you can say that although Saudi Arabia has the new Saudi Space Commission, established in 2018, we are not new to the space sector. Even before 1985, Saudi Arabia was a major investor in space and space technology through ArabSat and in 1985 we called for the establishment of a space program in Saudi. Since then we have made it our goal to make our own satellites and participate in international space missions. We are seeing today our region moving forward in the space economy, with examples including our neighbor, the Emirates, recently launching their very first space mission to Mars, and launching their Astronaut Hazza Al Mansouri to the International Space Station.

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When I went on my mission in 1985, we had 30 Saudi When I reflect on that, for the first day or two we scientists who participated in space experiments and were pointing to our countries, by the third day since then we have heavily invested in building great we were pointing to our continents, but truly by universities, technological institutions and developing the fifth day we were pointing to one Earth and human capital. Today the innovation and technological one planet. This fragile small planet is our home advancement we see in Saudi and the thousands of today and will be our home for a long time to engineers, doctors and scientists of all specialties is an come. The G20 economies are looked at by the investment which has taken many decades to be where rest of the world as countries that could lead the we stand today. world to saving this planet not just in terms of the environment but resources through human I personally want to thank all of the heads of space interaction, settling human disputes and basically agencies for participating in the Space 20 meeting. We looking at Earth as a place that we all can come welcomed of course Italy and India, beautiful countries together and live together, in economic success that we look forward to going to for the next G20 and a clean environment. meetings and we call on them to make space part of the standing agenda for the next G20 meetings. In that regard we would very much like to see space over the next few days, few months, We believe that we know how to build economic few years to become part and parcel with the sectors in Saudi Arabia, and we’ve got to apply that economy and to represent our region. We want to knowledge to the space economy. We’re going to be work very closely with our allies and colleagues investing a lot, as your countries are in our relationships of different countries to make sure that we are with G20 countries, we call for the G20 countries to fully represented and participating. The team that invest in the future of this planet and not just the future met as part of the Space20 meeting is a great of the economies of G20 nations. In that sense, when asset and have raised the important issues and reflecting on the space station and my time in space with recommendations in this report. my colleagues from the United States and France, we all looked at Earth as we passed over it once every 90 As part of the G20 meetings, Saudi Arabia minutes and saw 16 sunsets and 16 sunrises every day. have announced our strategic plan for space development and will be launching a space investment company as we go forward. This follows the launch of our major program for generations to come for Saudi Scientists from the ages of four onwards.

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1. International collaboration and knowledge sharing are fundamental Key to space advancement – International cooperation is widely considered as an imperative across the G20 community, and must continue to be a priority as the space sector continues themes to grow exponentially. – As competition in the space economy increases, collaboration needs to be at the forefront of change in order to provide the depth of space knowledge and intelligence in a secure, safe and cooperative manner. from the – The sharing of information across countries on space activity will ensure effective investment in resources and capabilities, fostering sustainable Space20 growth in the sector. 2. Space is an enabler of green economies and achieving our Sustainable Development Goals on Earth – Many participants identified the socioeconomic meeting benefit that is enabled by the Space sector, particularly in environmental sustainability, and in monitoring and achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. – Advances in satellite technology are projected to provide an even broader range of data in the future, enabling us to draw insights that will enhance our understanding of the science of earth and support efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change.

3. We need to protect the space domain to ensure longevity of our presence there – The sustainability of the space domain itself was consistently identified as a strategic priority among the Space20 community, noting its importance as an enabler for continued growth a success of the space economy into the future. – There has been a rapid increase in the number of spacecrafts in Earth’s orbit over a short period and a record number of countries investing in space applications and research. When combined with the increasing volume of space debris, this poses a significant challenge for the safe and sustainable use of space. – The sustainability of space also generates economic benefits within the space economy, as ensuring the safety and long-term viability of space infrastructure improves ROI within the space sector, and increases investor confidence in the industry.

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4. Innovations in the space sector 6. New nations and markets are becoming are improving productivity in spacefaring and benefiting traditional industries – Many emerging markets are identifying the – The Space economy continues to innovate, taking opportunities that investment in the space sector technologies previously developed and utilized can provide for their economies, recognizing the for space exploration and commercializing them benefits that it can provide in the wake of recovering to provide unique solutions to traditional sectors from the pandemic. including resources, medicine and agriculture. – As competition within the space economy increases, – A variety of domains and industries have been new space-faring nations are looking to the Space20 identified as candidates to undergo significant change community to support equitable and sustainable as a result of leveraging space sector technologies, access to the domain. including autonomous vehicles, communications and mobile services. 7. Space is important to many nation’s recovery from COVID-19 and its economic 5. Entrepreneurship and technical expertise are impact still essential in the exponential growth of – As the unprecedented economic ramifications of the sector COVID-19 continue to play out on a global scale, the – As the space sector moves increasingly towards space sector will play an important role in stimulating commercialization and the establishment of new economies and developing innovative solutions that business models, investment in entrepreneurship improve productivity and efficiency. This has already within the space sector is crucial for integrating been demonstrated in mass global digitisation as cutting edge technologies into the space sector, people have been required to work from home. including artificial intelligence, that will expand the – Space infrastructure has played a key role in disaster market the global space economy can service. management globally, enabling new ways to collect – The Space20 community highlighted the importance data, assess damages and efficiently communicate in of agency involvement in fostering and enabling times of emergency. entrepreneurship in the space sector, as economic priorities continue to shift in the fall out from the 8. Connectivity is being enabled through space pandemic Innovation in the space sector is driving a and has been particularly prominent during number of trends, including less expensive launch the pandemic services, lower costs of small satellites, and the use – The pandemic has necessitated the global need for of commercial off the shelf solutions, all changing the virtual productivity across all industries, with society price point of entry. moving away from offices to working from home. – Global Broadband is starting to connect individuals and communities who previously did not have the opportunity share knowledge and information, with the public and business benefiting from this development.

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9. Space is helping develop the workforce of the future and inspiring how we connect and engage – More than 80 countries and territories having operating satellites in orbit, generating new opportunities for global trade, the exchange of skills and collaboration across borders. – There is an increasing focus across Space20 countries to inspire younger generations to develop an interest in the space sector to develop the level of expertise required in the sector.

10. Space is becoming commercialized, with reliance on government spending reducing – Historically, investment in many countries’ space industries were synonymous with public spending. Now we see the private sector as a leading player in the domain, a change welcomed by the G20 community as an opportunity for the market to develop efficient and sustainable solutions to a variety of global challenges. – The shift toward private investment in the space economy is widely considered one of the key proponents of change within the industry, both in emerging and established markets, with industry being able to provide new and innovative ideas to the market.

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Hiroshi Yamakawa President Japan | Japan Aerospace agencies Exploration Agency (JAXA) summary The world is facing various challenges caused by the coronavirus pandemic, as we work on building a resilient social structure for our future, technologies such as digitization and automation which we have refined through space development in Low Earth Orbit and space exploration to the moon and asteroids havecan makede a significant contribution to the stable delivery of new services on earth.

For example, by combining space-based data with various ground-based data and analyzing them with AI, it is expected that many different problems can be solved efficiently. This is an area where the private sector is expected to create new businesses.

Promoting private sector engagement in new space businesses will lead to reach efficient and sustainable solutions to global challenges such as energy, food and public health, as well as the achievement of the United Nation’s SDGs.”

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Dr. Abdulaziz Al Sheikh Giorgio Saccoccia CEO President Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Italy | Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Saudi Space Commission (SSC) (ASI)

As we are now entering a new era of space, The use of space data affects almost every called space 4.0 we can see the interaction aspect of our daily lives and represents between governments, private sectors, relevant support to the achievement of society, and politics. This has resulted in several SDGs of the UN agenda 2030 and space activities expanding globally with a to emergency situations like the one we are record number of countries and companies experiencing today.” The bulk of investment investing in space applications and research. still comes from public institutions and governments play a major role in guiding In fact, the space economy is now sized at the development of space activities. We are over four hundred billion dollars (including currently implementing a process aimed government and private sector). The at helping our governments to cooperate government sector is now only sized at 25% together towards the common objective compared to 80% of government spending of promoting space economy as part of 20 years ago. In my opinion, this new the global economy. Italy will host the next change will have a significant impact on the G20 and the Italian Space Agency is ready future of all aspects of space and of course to organize the second Space Economy will positively affect the space economy.” Leaders Meeting in 2021, with the final goal of leading to the insertion of the Space item in the G20 agenda in the future.”

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Raúl Kulichevsky Director General Argentina | Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE)

Argentina today counts on information from the two Argentine Satellites which are part of the SAOCOM constellation, in partnership with the Italian Space Agency and this information is shared with numerous friendly space agencies.” This information is vital to many sectors of our country. A lot of critical issues arising from the pandemic, make it necessary to redouble our efforts to continue to work in an international manner. This cooperation will allow us to grow through these difficult times in the best way. The space economy is going to play a fundamental role in the world’s recovery, and we are committed to continue making our contribution to the economic recovery and sustainable development.”

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Anthony Murfett Deputy-Head Australia | Australian Space Agency (ASI)

The Australian government recognizes The reason for that is that space is used that space technologies are playing an every day and the technologies can be used increasingly important role in driving societal in all areas of the economy, from helping and economic transformation and is an disaster management, to supporting the industry that will play a very important role efficient use of food production and assisting in the future. As we look forward to the monitoring the environment. As we go new frontiers and the role of space, we see forward miniaturization and lower cost means some important aspects playing out. Firstly, that new solutions and new innovations like this forum, international collaboration will come forward and importantly, they and cooperation of space activities will be can also support many of the Sustainable a key element, and this is highlighted in our Development Goals. We also talk about how Australian civil space strategy which sets out space can inspire so that we can connect and a 10-year path to grow our Australian space engage with the community, with parents, industry. We also recognize that as we face with our kids and inspire them into the jobs of the challenges associated with COVID-19 the future.” that space can play a very important role in economic recovery and industry will play an important role as it brings new innovative solutions to the table.

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Carlos Augusto Teixeira de Moura Lisa Campbell President President Brazil | Agencia Espacial Brasileira Canada | Canadian Space Agency, Agence spatiale (AEB) Canadienne (CSA, ASC)

The space sector offers many applications Space also plays a role in bringing and solutions and creates new markets and innovation to traditional sectors, improving products. For example, major modifications productivity and economic growth. It’s in our daily lives in Brazil enabled by online important to acknowledge that the space commercial services, including tele- sector is undergoing significant shifts, education, tele-medicine and the home specifically, less expensive launch services, office are strategies adopted by private lower costs of small satellites, and the and public sectors. Increases in private use of commercial off the shelf solutions sector participation has dramatically has changed price point of entry. Satellite changed the space domain. Governments systems such as Canada’s radar satellites are responsible for creating a friendly are capturing, analyzing and disseminating and supportive environment for the vast quantities of data. These are projected development of space activity, while the to provide an even broader range of data private sector creates new markets, new in the future, unlocking new products and products and new needs. Governments services, enabling cutting edge science, will still be required to finance some large- enhancing our understanding of the science scale space projects. But business vision of earth, and supporting efforts to meet our and the private sector’s pursuit of profits sustainable development goals.” aim to reach product values in the billion- dollar range. Finally, the space industry has pushed forward the relationship between all countries. Brazil has a major role in that economic sector, the same way we believe the space economy can contribute to a more integrated and cooperative world.”

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Xu Hongliang Dr. Jean-Yves Le Gall Secretary-General President China | China National Space Administration France | Centre National D’Études Spatiales (CNSA) (CNES)

Development of space technology, For every business to become a space communications, navigation and Earth business, for space data to become fully observation play an important role in our commoditized and for the space economy daily lives, promoting social progress and to be sustainable, considerable efforts are achieving our way of livelihood. Space still necessary. Uptake of space-based technology has become a pivotal part of products and services still needs to be the world economy and it will help our accompanied, the potential of space data future economic development.” China has is still underexploited and, I must say, always been conforming to the peaceful behavioral barriers on the side of potential use and exploration of outer space, with end users are still hindering both of them. openness and the concept of consultation Therefore, I would like to make a few and contribution to promote indefinite recommendations. The first one is about collaboration. We expect many benefits innovation. We must tap into creativity, of space technology for all mankind and by interacting with and investing in new promote the global economic development.” ideas and promote opportunities provided by competitive space solutions to new non-space users and customers. Secondly, public investment. For space programs and space R&D, investment must be sustained, and industry and international cooperation is needed. Thirdly, sustainability. We should promote initiatives that move to ensure the sustainability of space, the environment and our planet. We have to connect our initiatives to our earth, and we need to ensure that the space sector is a driver for a greener economy.”

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Dr. Walther Pelzer Dr. K. Sivan Head of the DLR Space Administration Chairman Germany | Deutsches Zentrum für India | Indian Space Research Luft-und Raumfahrt Organization (ISRO)

The global space sector is under considerable Space products and services have become change. With this, our role as national part of everybody’s everyday life. Space agencies is in the process of transition too. economy is growing further, globally, with This is to be seen as a chance with regard to the renewed interest of the private sector the implementation of our statutory tasks. and diversified applications including space resource utilization and space tourism. There is already a strong bond between the Until recently, India’s space program was role of the space economy and the overall synonymous with government spending. global economy, where space-derived With the emergence of technology advances products and services constitute a critical part and the data revolution, India is also within all our nations’ cross-linked economies. witnessing the new business spirit and this The space sector is determined to move is going to shape the new space economy increasingly towards commercialization in India. To meet the challenges and to and the establishment of new business proactively build a conducive atmosphere, models, which gives impetus to the India has announced space sector reforms flourishing start-up scene, to innovation and recently. The new enabling mechanisms, IN- entrepreneurship. All of this is contributing to SPACe will facilitate the Indian private industry new economic activities, often far removed to become productive and competitive in from investments in space infrastructure. In global space market. Today, we are looking our role as agencies redefined we have the at Space, with new opportunities, that could opportunity to support this overall spirit of unveil new businesses and drive global entrepreneurialism and the emergence of growth. For this to happen, space must be new economic actors in particular. safe, secure and easily and readily accessible. India is at the forefront of these reforms, The space sector is transforming. The more handholding, promoting and enabling to build this transition progresses and new paths will a sustainable space sector, closely connected be forged effectively, the greater the impact with national development and the global on the global economy will be.” economy. India is supportive of this initiative, in this exciting and challenging new era.”

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Thomas Djamaluddin Dr. Cheol Ho Lim Chairman President Indonesia | Lembaga Penerbangan dan South Korea | Korea Aerospace Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN) Research Institute

The space economy is one of the We all know space is now beyond a contributors to the economic growth in scientific sector, and has become domain G20 countries. For Indonesia, as part of of the economy, which can be a new an archipelago country, the commercial growth engine of future society. Each space activities have been in the country is putting in effort to create new development of industrial revolution 4.0 jobs and high value products, in the fields and the improvement of public services.” of broadband, space communications, The future activities in the space sector space data applications and space services, will range from R&D to the production of exploration etc.”However, the space goods and services, which will have a big sector, similar to the aviation sector, has impact on economic growth. The second a high barrier to entry, and it takes time to development is currently encouraging the realize a return on investment. It cannot commercialization of space by formulating be solely boosted by market forces, and regulation in the country. Indonesia is therefore nations should echo participation supporting the growing space economy of their private companies and provide activities, with the aim of sustainability and as much support as they can. Korea is equitable access.” currently moving forward with policies to further support the private sector so they can lead the way in space development.”

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Salvador Landeros Ayala Director-General Mexico | Agencia Espacial Mexicana (AEM)

In Mexico, there are many satellite ground stations in different geographic locations and we partner with other ground stations around the world. Missions to the Moon and Mars will signify a $20.8b of spending on space and exploration. AEM is about to sign an MOU with several other space agencies to participate in the Artemis accords with NASA. Emerging Space Agencies like ours will spend about $4b developing new national public space programs. AEM is also actively working with other space agencies in the development of the National multi-agency projects and contributing to the Mexican space economy with two new regional space centres. Mexico is working actively in the development of the new Space Development National Plan, to align with the 2020-30 UN development plan of reducing poverty. This will focus on the main areas of telecommunications, Earth Observation and Space exploration.”

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Dmitry Rogozin Director-General Russia | Russian State Corporation for Space Activities – ROSCOSMOS

In Russia we are trying to keep up with the sources and disseminate it to the interested current trends, by developing a new program users. Considering the fact that 12 G20 space called Sphere, which is aimed at integrated agencies are members of the Inter-Agency development of Russian communications, Space Debris Coordination Committee, navigation, and Earth observation space we think that this proposal is relevant and services by 2030. We are planning to might interest the G20 space community. I develop existing assets and to deploy new hope that we will be able to discuss existing orbital constellations. Steadily increasing problems and threats and ways to solve and investment in space activities ensures mitigate in this extremely well-chosen format significant growth, that the global space of space community meetings.” services market does not rest on the orbital assets. But the rapid increase in the number of active spacecraft and the growing amount of space debris increases the chance of emergency situations and the resulting risk of losing money invested in the development of space constellations. We believe that due consideration should be given to fostering the cooperation between the G20 space agencies to provide information support for the safety of space activities. This goal can be attained by creating a new open service information platform to collect information from various

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Dr. Valanathan Munsami Mr. Serdar Hüseyin Yıldırım CEO President South Africa | South African Turkey | Turkish Space Agency National Space Agency (SANSA) (TUA)

Space sciences and technologies are Space related developments have recognized as an important enabler multiple effects on the economy as a in enabler in responding to the whole. It has the potential to exponentially continents pressing priorities through grow the global economy. In order to fulfil the implementation of the science and this potential, international collaboration technology innovation strategy and the in frame of the peaceful use of space is African Union agenda 2063. The long-term vital. The world has already entered an era agenda 2063 specifically identifies an African of capturing the economic benefits of the Space Program aimed at strengthening space sector.” While most space economy Africa’s use of Outer Space resources to activities originate from space faring support its socioeconomic environmental countries, emerging space fairing nations development and the need for Africa to do not benefit as much as they could from merge among the global players, whilst this area. I believe that the G20 space remaining a responsible user of space. The community is capable of developing more effective exploitation of space science and support for emerging space faring nations technology requires regional, continental to take part in the global space economy. and international governments, agencies The Turkish Space Agency (TUA) is and institutions to cooperate and collaborate planning to make sustainable investments in this Domain. South Africa played a leading in space related technologies, and in role in these developments.” this regard, we are trying to strengthen cooperation with capable institutions and countries. We have full faith that the peace maker function of space led initiatives, and the leadership of G20.”

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Dr. Graham Turnock CEO United Kingdom | United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA)

Space has a critical role to play in helping More than 80 countries have now operated us shape the future direction of the UK and satellites, this opens up new opportunities global economy as we recover from the for global trade, the exchange of skills COVID 19 pandemic and look forward to a and collaboration across borders. The UK decade of growth. If this year has taught has recently launched an international us anything, it is the importance of virtual space program, which I hope will promote productivity to people all over the world, who opportunities for collaboration with those in moved away from offices to working from attendance today. The next decade will see home and relied on applications like Zoom fundamental shifts in the global economy, by to stay in touch. Global Broadband has been working together we can ensure that space a dream for a long time, but it may be finally plays a positive role in shaping it.” within reach thanks to mega-constellations like OneWeb, connecting the unconnected for the first time. Space services will also generate giant leaps in new technologies such as autonomous transport, leading to new commercial opportunities, reducing carbon emissions and changing how people live their lives. Globally, satellite data helps us monitor and mitigate the impacts of climate change, which remains one of the biggest risks to the future.

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Jim Bridenstine Matthias Petschke Administrator Director of Space Policy United States | National Galileo and Copernicus Units Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) European Union | European Commission

When we think about Space When we think about the things With Galileo and Copernicus, we are now exploration and the economy that are going on right now, and delivering world-class services with global they are intertwined. Think of course the things in the past, reach, and our ambitions will not rest there. about how we communicate, you want to know what’s even With our current COVID crisis, our satellites how we navigate, how we more exciting, what’s going have made a contribution, notably through produce food and energy cleanly, to happen in the future with Earth observation and satellite navigation, how we predict weather and the Artemis program, we are offering free data and information for the understand the climate. All going to the moon, this time benefit of our member states to mitigate the of these things were based sustainably, with commercial impact of the crisis. Going forward, we chose around space exploration, and and international partners. We’re to actively support the political priorities set in fact, now these activities building the broadest coalition of out by the European Union, ensuring we are have been commercialized.” international partners for not just fit for the digital age and building the resilience Think about what we are doing a sustainable return to the moon, of Europe by way of ensuring Europe’s right now with human activity but also missions to Mars. So autonomy over its security and its critical in Low Earth Orbit; the ability when we think about the future structures. One of the focus areas where to compound pharmaceuticals of space and the economy here’s space technologies have a clear role to play and create immunisations, what we know – the more we in our efforts will be channelled accordingly. we use adult stem cells to explore and develop space, the Our President has announced that we are print human organs in 3D. But better it is for the economy.” now going to target emission reduction of it’s not just about medicine, 55 percent by 2030. Only if others follow our it’s also about advanced lead can the world keep warming below 1.5 materials, creating an artificial degrees. Certainly, our space program Galileo retina for the human eyeball and Copernicus especially Copernicus CO2 so people who have macular mission will make progress in this context. It degeneration, don’t have to is our position that international cooperation lose their eyesight; creating on all matters related to space, should not be very pristine fibre optics that lost going forward as the sector continues to will be transformational for grow exponentially.” connectivity here on Earth.

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Promote initiatives that help ensure the sustainability of space and the planet, connecting initiatives to ensure that the space sector is a driver for a green economy.

Develop a Space20 Collaboration Strategy for regional, continental and international governments, space Investigate opportunities for space agencies and institutions that enables agencies to enable entrepreneurship the international space community to within the space sector, es economic deliver its strategic objectives. This priorities continue to shift in the fall out includes developing an ongoing from the pandemic. Space20 working group to progress collaboration and recommendations between meetings.

Promote private sector engagement in new space business to develop efficient and sustainable solutions to global challenges Develop a comprehensive such as energy, food and public health, as understanding of the breadth and well as the achievement of the United depth of international space activity Nation’s SDGs. to identify opportunities for global trade and the exchange of skills.

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Mike Kalms Space and Defense Industry Lead Partner KPMG Australia E: [email protected]

Omer Tauqir Head of Defense KPMG in Saudi Arabia E: [email protected]

Jacob Hacker Space Industry Account Lead KPMG Australia E: [email protected]

Acknowledgements: We would like to express our sincere thanks to all who helped in making this meeting a success. A special thanks to the 20 heads of space agencies, the team from the G20 Saudi Secretariat, and Saudi Space Commission for their support to make this possible.

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