DOCSLIB.ORG

Guidelines for Marine Artificial Reef Materials

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guidelines for Marine Artificial Reef Materials GUIDELINES FOR MARINE ARTIFICIAL REEF MATERIALS THIRD EDITION A JOINT PUBLICATION OF THE GULF AND ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSIONS NUMBER 296 MARCH 2020 GUIDELINES FOR MARINE ARTIFICIAL REEF MATERIALS Third Edition Compiled by the Artificial Reef Subcommittees of the Atlantic and Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commissions Edited by: James R. Ballard October 2019 i CONTRIBUTORS James Ballard2 Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Gregg Bodnar1 North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries George Frankel Eternal Reefs Lisa Havel1 Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Robert M. Martore1 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Mike McDonough2 Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Keith Mille1,2 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission January Murray1 Coastal Resources Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources Craig Newton2 Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Douglas Peter2 Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Jimmy Sanders2 Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Dale Shively2 Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Jeff Tinsman1 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife Please refer to the Guidelines for Marine Artificial Reef Materials 2nd edition for previous contributors. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Artificial Reef Subcommittee Member 2Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Artificial Reef Subcommittee Member ii DEDICATIONS This edition is dedicated to the memories of Jim Francesconi (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Artificial Reef Subcommittee Member) and Jimmy Sanders (Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Artificial Reef Subcommittee Member). Jim Francesconi Jim passed away on July 18th, 2014 after a long and brave battle with leukemia. He began working with the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries in 1987 and became the Artificial Reef Coordinator in 2000. Jim’s efforts with the Program produced hundreds of enhancements throughout coastal North Carolina, including the creation of one estuarine and two ocean reef sites, the sinking of the USCG SPAR, Tug Titan, The Captain Greg Mickey, Tug Pawtucket, Capt. Charlie, and two USCG Falcon aircraft to name just a few. More importantly Jim made countless friends along the way that will truly miss him. iii Jimmy Sanders July 22, 1973 – May 5, 2018 “Those who knew him, couldn’t help but love him.” Whether you knew Jimmy as family, friend, or colleague his kindness was a gravitational force that drew people to him. As the Director of the Mississippi Artificial Reef Bureau, dedicated to creating and restoring habitat for marine life off the coast of Mississippi, Jimmy’s work ethic was something to which we should all aspire. No matter how busy he got though, he always made time for his family. Whether it was coaching softball or attending first communion, he never missed the important moments in life. Those important moments are now memories that remain as his legacy. Jimmy will forever be in our hearts as a man that enhanced our lives and the environment. Like everything he touched, he left this world better than he found it. For that we are eternally grateful. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i Contributors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ii Dedications ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii Table of Contents ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v Preface ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vi 1.0 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 Purpose -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Background --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.3 History --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.4 National Artificial Reef Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.5 Gulf and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commissions ----------------------------------- 4 2.0 Discussion of Materials ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 2.1 Concrete ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.2 Steel Hulled Vessels ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 2.3 Ferro-cement Vessels and Dry Docks --------------------------------------------------------- 57 2.4 Oil / Gas Platforms and Similar Structures --------------------------------------------------- 60 2.5 Aircraft --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87 2.6 Railroad, Subway, and Street Cars ------------------------------------------------------------ 100 2.7 Designed Structures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 111 2.7.1 Shallow, Nearshore Reefs ---------------------------------------------------------------- 116 2.7.2 Memorial Reefs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 2.8 Military Hardware -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124 2.9 Natural Materials --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135 2.9.1 Wood ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135 2.9.2 Shell ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136 2.9.3 Rock ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140 2.9.4 Electrodeposition -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 145 2.10 Miscellaneous ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150 2.11 Historically Used Materials: Rarely Considered for Reef Development --------------- 154 2.11.1 Fiberglass and Wooden Vessels ------------------------------------------------------- 154 2.11.2 Ash Byproducts -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158 2.11.3 Vehicles ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 165 2.11.4 Vehicle Tires ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 167 2.11.5 White Goods ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178 3.0 Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 187 v PREFACE The purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive discussion regarding a variety of materials that have been used in the development of marine and estuarine artificial reefs in the United States. This document is a guideline only, and is not, by its nature, regulatory. Our hope is that agencies, organizations, and individuals will find the document useful in the decision- making process regarding the types of materials that are likely to be suitable for use as artificial reefs, including recommendations for optimum application. In that the information in this document represents the opinions and experiences of reef program managers, it should be given serious consideration in decision-making processes. No regulatory agency is bound, however, by any rule to use this document to make decisions about the acceptability of reef materials. In the event a regulatory agency applies the document to its decision-making process, it should do so with the understanding that this document has no legal standing. The materials discussed in this report do not represent the full range of materials that could be used as artificial reef material, but rather represent the materials that have been used in the development of artificial reefs in marine and estuarine habitats in the United States. References to specific deployments of the selected materials are not intended to be all inclusive, but to provide a general overview and examples of the use of the material. This document is not intended to promote, endorse, or encourage the use of any material over other materials, but to provide background and experiences with the use of selected materials, a listing of benefits and drawbacks associated with using selected materials, and a listing of considerations if the materials are selected for use as artificial reef material. For emphasis, the Benefits and Drawbacks subsections represent perceived benefits and drawbacks contributed by state artificial reef managers as a result of their involvement in artificial reef development over many years. Finally, the Considerations subsection represents practical suggestions by the state artificial reef managers of actions or considerations that should be included in the planning process. It is anticipated that the adoption of this document, and its distribution, will provide artificial reef programs and prospective artificial reef developers with information that will increase the potential for successful efforts at habitat creation and enhancement. It is not intended to be either anti- artificial reef development, or a promotional publication,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How to Make Solo Rebreather Diving Safer
    technical So,what’s Say that you dive on your own with wrong about a rebreather and wait for the reactions. matters bringing a Rubiks cube You’ll hear some nasty comments about along on a dive? you being an accident waiting to happen Discussions about diving never did a solo dive. The other 92 percent have done at least a few Column by are very often boring— solo dives, with 33 percent doing Cedric Verdier always the same stories mostly solo diving. about numerous sharks Of course, a poll only represents dangerously close, strong the opinion of a few individuals current ripping a mask off who want to answer the questions. It cannot be considered as the “big or friendly dolphins play- picture” of the entire rebreather ing during a deco stop. diver community. Nevertheless, it We heard them so many shows that some rebreather divers times. keep on diving solo, even if the perceived risk is so high… So, if you want to have some Why people don’t dive fun, simply say that you dive on solo with a rebreather? your own with a rebreather and Simply because that’s one wait for the reactions. You’ll hear of the most basic rules some nasty comments about one learns during the you being an accident waiting Open Water Diver to happen, and some people course: “Never dive will clearly show you their option alone”. It’s so famous about your mental health. that it’s almost a dogma. And it sounds Why? Because everybody so logical? knows that CCR Solo diving is the most stupid thing to do on Earth 1.
    [Show full text]
  • TP 170 2010 Florida Artificial Reef Summit Abstracts
    Conference Sponsors These organizations are contributing to the research and outreach that supports the wise development of artificial reef programs and sustainable management of Florida’s marine fishery. 2010 FLORIDA Platinum MARI AN NE Artificial IC G R R E O M U A P N o 3 r 3 fo 00 lk, 0- VA (757) 99 Reef Summit Gold Silver Bronze Abstracts & Program January 21-23, 2010 • Cocoa Beach, Florida Conference Organizing Sponsors As chairs of the organizing committee, we welcome you to the 2010 Florida Artificial Reef Summit. With 1,357 miles of coastline, involvement by 34 different counties, and over 2,500 artificial reefs deployed to date, Florida manages one of the most diverse and most active artificial reef programs in the United States. Because artificial reef development in Florida works with, and depends upon, a network of local partners, inter-county coordina- tion and communication is critical to ensure successful implementation of statewide strate- gic objectives for artificial reef development. This Summit occurs every 3 to 5 years and provides the format for local partners to meet and exchange information. It is a critical opportunity for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Con- In Memoriam servation Commission Artificial Reef Program and Florida Sea Grant to disperse high-quality information, experience and program goals and objectives directly with all of Florida’s The 2010 Artificial Reef Summit is dedicated to the memory of Chris Koepfer, the long-time Lee County Arti- artificial reef stakeholders. ficial Reef Coordinator who passed away in 2009. Chris was a well-respected member of Florida’s artificial reef community and played a major role in establishing one of the most successful county artificial reef programs in This will be the eighth Summit.
    [Show full text]
  • US COLD WAR AIRCRAFT CARRIERS Forrestal, Kitty Hawk and Enterprise Classes
    US COLD WAR AIRCRAFT CARRIERS Forrestal, Kitty Hawk and Enterprise Classes BRAD ELWARD ILLUSTRATED BY PAUL WRIGHT © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com NEW VANGUARD 211 US COLD WAR AIRCRAFT CARRIERS Forrestal, Kitty Hawk and Enterprise Classes BRAD ELWARD ILLUSTRATED BY PAUL WRIGHT © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 ORIGINS OF THE CARRIER AND THE SUPERCARRIER 5 t World War II Carriers t Post-World War II Carrier Developments t United States (CVA-58) THE FORRESTAL CLASS 11 FORRESTAL AS BUILT 14 t Carrier Structures t The Flight Deck and Hangar Bay t Launch and Recovery Operations t Stores t Defensive Systems t Electronic Systems and Radar t Propulsion THE FORRESTAL CARRIERS 20 t USS Forrestal (CVA-59) t USS Saratoga (CVA-60) t USS Ranger (CVA-61) t USS Independence (CVA-62) THE KITTY HAWK CLASS 26 t Major Differences from the Forrestal Class t Defensive Armament t Dimensions and Displacement t Propulsion t Electronics and Radars t USS America, CVA-66 – Improved Kitty Hawk t USS John F. Kennedy, CVA-67 – A Singular Class THE KITTY HAWK AND JOHN F. KENNEDY CARRIERS 34 t USS Kitty Hawk (CVA-63) t USS Constellation (CVA-64) t USS America (CVA-66) t USS John F. Kennedy (CVA-67) THE ENTERPRISE CLASS 40 t Propulsion t Stores t Flight Deck and Island t Defensive Armament t USS Enterprise (CVAN-65) BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 INDEX 48 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com US COLD WAR AIRCRAFT CARRIERS FORRESTAL, KITTY HAWK AND ENTERPRISE CLASSES INTRODUCTION The Forrestal-class aircraft carriers were the world’s first true supercarriers and served in the United States Navy for the majority of America’s Cold War with the Soviet Union.
    [Show full text]
  • I. I NOV20 2017
    or UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration * i. I NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Southeast Regional Office 4rES O LQi 3U Ie1U SOU St. Petersburg, Florida 33701-5505 http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov F/SER3 1: NMB SER-2015- 17616 NOV20 2017 Mr. Donald W. Kinard Chief, Regulatory Division U.S. Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box 4970 Jacksonville, Florida 32232-0019 Ref.: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Jacksonville District’s Programmatic Biological Opinion (JAXBO) Dear Mr. Kinard: Enclosed is the National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS’s) Programmatic Biological Opinion (Opinion) based on our review of the impacts associated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE’s) Jacksonville District’s authorization of 10 categories of minor in-water activities within Florida and the U.S. Caribbean (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands). The Opinion analyzes the effects from 10 categories of minor in-water activities occurring in Florida and the U.S. Caribbean on sea turtles (loggerhead, leatherback, Kemp’s ridley, hawksbill, and green); smalitooth sawfish; Nassau grouper; scalloped hammerhead shark, Johnson’s seagrass; sturgeon (Gulf, shortnose, and Atlantic); corals (elkhom, staghorn, boulder star, mountainous star, lobed star, rough cactus, and pillar); whales (North Atlantic right whale, sei, blue, fin, and sperm); and designated critical habitat for Johnson’s seagrass; smalltooth sawfish; sturgeon (Gulf and Atlantic); sea turtles (green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead); North Atlantic right whale; and elkhorn and staghorn corals in accordance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. We also analyzed effects on the proposed Bryde’s whale.
    [Show full text]
  • A Numerical Assessment of Artificial Reef Pass Wave-Induced Currents As a Renewable Energy Source
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article A Numerical Assessment of Artificial Reef Pass Wave-Induced Currents as a Renewable Energy Source Damien Sous 1,2 1 Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Toulon, 13288 La Garde, France; [email protected]; Tel.: +33-(0)4-9114-2109 2 Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Chaire HPC-Waves, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur Appliquées à la Méchanique et au Génie Electrique - Fédération IPRA, EA4581, 64600 Anglet, France Received: 21 July 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 22 August 2019 Abstract: The present study aims to estimate the potential of artificial reef pass as a renewable source of energy. The overall idea is to mimic the functioning of natural reef–lagoon systems in which the cross-reef pressure gradient induced by wave breaking is able to drive an outward flow through the pass. The objective is to estimate the feasibility of a positive energy breakwater, combining the usual wave-sheltering function of immersed breakwater together with the production of renewable energy by turbines. A series of numerical simulations is performed using a depth-averaged model to understand the effects of each geometrical reef parameter on the reef–lagoon hydrodynamics. A synthetic wave and tide climate is then imposed to estimate the potential power production. An annual production between 50 and 70 MWh is estimated. Keywords: artificial reef; positive energy breakwater; numerical simulation; turbines 1. Introduction Low-lying nearshore areas host a significant and increasing population. Under the combined actions of sea level rise [1], modified storm patterns [2], and increasing urbanization, these regions will face growing risks of submersion, inundation, and erosion [3–6].
    [Show full text]
  • Assistance to Researchers in Achieving High-Quality Broader Impacts
    Assistance to Researchers in Achieving High-quality Broader Impacts 2011 COSEE Decadal Review Table of Contents COSEE California............................................................................................................................... 6 COSEE West......................................................................................................................................12 COSEE Central Gulf of Mexico......................................................................................................17 COSEE Florida (2002) ...................................................................................................................46 COSEE Southeast.............................................................................................................................52 COSEE Ocean Learning Communities .......................................................................................55 COSEE Great Lakes.........................................................................................................................70 COSEE Ocean Systems...................................................................................................................74 COSEE Alaska...................................................................................................................................77 COSEE Pacific Partnerships.........................................................................................................88 COSEE Coastal Trends...................................................................................................................95
    [Show full text]
  • In 2017, the Château of Chambord Is Replanting Its 18Th-Century French Formal Gardens
    TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 I - HISTORY .......................................................................................................................................... 4 1 - The Château’s Surroundings in the 16th Century ........................................................................ 4 2 - The Major Projects of the 17th Century ........................................................................................ 4 3 - Completion of the Parterre in the 18th Century ........................................................................... 5 4 - The Steady Disappearance of the Garden .................................................................................. 7 II – SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ........................................................................................................... 8 1 - A Methodical and Scientific Investigation .................................................................................. 8 2 - Historical Research (2003–2014) .................................................................................................. 8 3 - Archaeological and Geophysical Surface Surveys (2013–2014) .................................................. 8 4 - Planned Archaeological Digs (2016) ............................................................................................ 9 III – COMPOSITION OF FRENCH FORMAL GARDENS ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater Photographyphotography a Web Magazine
    UnderwaterUnderwater PhotographyPhotography a web magazine Oct/Nov 2002 Nikon D100 housings Fuji S2 housing Sony F707 housing Kodak DCS Pro 14n Sperm whale Nai’a liveaboard U/w photojournalist - Jack Jackson Henry the seadragon Scilly Seals Lights & divers Easy macro British fish Underwater tripod Visions 2002 UwP 1 What links these sites? Turn to page 7 to find out... UwP 2 UnderwaterUnderwater PhotographyPhotography a web magazine Oct/Nov 2002 e mail [email protected] Contents 4 Travel & events 30 Meet Henry 43 Easy macro 8 New products 14 Sperm whale by Andy & Angela Heath with Ee wan Khoo 35 Scilly Seals 47 British fish with Tony Wu 19 Nai’a liveaboard with Will & Demelza by Mark Webster Posslethwaite 54 Size matters 35 Lights & divers by Jukka Nurminen & Alex Mustard by Pete Atkinson 25 U/w photojournalist by Martin Edge Cover photo by Tony Wu 58 Visions 2002 by Jack Jackson UwP 3 Travel & events Jim Breakell Tahiti talk at Dive Show, Oct 12/13 2002 In September Jim Breakell of Scuba Safaris went on a fact finding trip to the Pacific. First off he went to Ryrutu for for a few days humpback whale watching, then a week on the inaugural trip of the Tahiti Aggressor and then on to Bora Bora (what a hard life he has!) He will be giving an illustrated talk about his trip at the Dive Show in Birmingham on October 12/13th 2002. For more information contact Scuba Safaris, PO Box 8, Edenbridge, Kent TN8 7ZS. Tel 01342 851196. www.scuba-safaris.com John Boyle video trip May 2003 INVITATION John Boyle will be hosting a video diving trip from Bali to Komodo on Kararu next year.
    [Show full text]
  • Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator's Guide
    Educator’s Guide Grades 2-6 n DOLPHIN REEF, Disneynature dives under the sea Ito frolic with some of the planet’s most engaging animals: dolphins. Echo is a young bottlenose dolphin who can’t quite decide if it’s time to grow up and take on new responsibilities—or give in to his silly side and just have fun. Dolphin society is tricky, and the coral reef that Echo and his family call home depends on all of its inhabitants to keep it healthy. But with humpback whales, orcas, sea turtles and cuttlefish seemingly begging for his attention, Echo has a tough time resisting all that the ocean has to offer. The Disneynature DOLPHIN REEF Educator’s Guide includes multiple standards-aligned lessons and activities targeted to grades 2 through 6. The guide introduces students to a variety of topics, including: • Animal Behavior • Biodiversity • Culture and the Arts and Natural History • Earth’s Systems • Making a Positive Difference • Habitat and Ecosystems for Wildlife Worldwide Educator’s Guide Objectives 3 Increase students’ 3 Enhance students’ viewing 3 Promote life-long 3 Empower you and your knowledge of the of the Disneynature film conservation values students to create positive amazing animals and DOLPHIN REEF and and STEAM-based skills changes for wildlife in habitats of Earth’s oceans inspire an appreciation through outdoor natural your school, community through interactive, for the wildlife and wild exploration and discovery. and world. interdisciplinary and places featured in the film. inquiry-based lessons. Disney.com/nature 2 Content provided by education experts at Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment © 2019 Disney Enterprises, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Harbor Protection Through Construction of Artificial Submerged Reefs
    Harbor Protection through Construction of Artificial Submerged Reefs Amarjit Singh, Vallam Sundar, Enrique Alvarez, Roberto Porro, Michael Foley (www.hawaii.gov) 2 Outline • Background of Artificial Reefs • Multi-Purpose Artificial Submerged Reefs (MPASRs) ▫ Coastline Protection ▫ Harbor Protection • MPASR Concept for Kahului Harbor, Maui ▫ Situation ▫ Proposed Solution • Summary 3 Background First documented First specifically Artificial reefs in First artificial reef Artificial reefs in artificial reefs in designed artificial Hawaii– concrete/tire in Hawaii Hawaii – concrete Z- U.S. reefs in U.S. modules modules 1830’s 1961 1970’s 1985-1991 1991- Present • Uses • Materials ▫ Create Marine Habitat ▫ Rocks; Shells ▫ Enhance Fishing ▫ Trees ▫ Recreational Diving Sites ▫ Concrete Debris ▫ Surfing Enhancement ▫ Ships; Car bodies ▫ Coastal Protection ▫ Designed concrete modules ▫ Geosynthetic Materials 4 Multi-Purpose Artificial Submerged Reefs (MPASRs) Specifically designed artificial reef which can provide: • Coastline Protection or Harbor Protection ▫ Can help restore natural beach dynamics by preventing erosion ▫ Can reduce wave energy transmitted to harbor entrances • Marine Habitat Enhancement ▫ Can provide environment for coral growth and habitat fish and other marine species. ▫ Coral can be transplanted to initiate/accelerate coral growth • Recreational Uses ▫ Surfing enhancement: can provide surfable breaking waves where none exist ▫ Diving/Snorkeling: can provide site for recreational diving and snorkeling 5 MPASRs as Coastal Protection Wave Transmission: MPASRs can reduce wave energy transmitted to shoreline. Kt = Ht/Hi K = H /H t t i Breakwater K = wave transmission t Seabed coefficient, (Pilarczyk 2003) Ht= transmitted wave height shoreward of structure Hi = incident wave height seaward of structure. 6 MPASRs as Coastal Protection • Wave Refraction: MPASR causes wave refraction around the reef, focusing wave energy in a different direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer/Fall 2009 NSU Oceanographic Center
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Currents Publications by HCNSO Summer 2009 Summer/Fall 2009 NSU Oceanographic Center Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_currents Part of the Marine Biology Commons, Oceanography Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons NSUWorks Citation NSU Oceanographic Center, "Summer/Fall 2009" (2009). Currents. 7. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_currents/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications by HCNSO at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Currents by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center Summer/Fall 2009 • Volume XXIV, Number 3/4 NSU Scientists Receive Coastal America Award and Recognition from President Obama Richard Dodge, Ph.D., dean of the Oceanographic Center, and Robin Sherman, Ph.D., associate director/ associate professor at the Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences, received awards during a ceremony on August 12 in Hollywood. Coastal America and David L. McGinnis, principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for reserve affairs, recognized efforts made by the Florida Artificial Tire Reef Cleanup Team by presenting them with a Coastal America 2008 Partnership award. Recipients of the award received a signed letter from President Barack Obama. The award is the only environmental award issued from the White House. Congressman Ron Klein participated in the award ceremony. In the 1970s, approximately two million tires were placed in the ocean off Broward County in an attempt to (L–R): David L. McGinnis, principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for reserve affairs; Robin create an artificial reef and to enhance fish Sherman, Ph.D., Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences associate director/associate professor; Richard populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Strucurse and Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation
    REVIEW OF REEF EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE WIND FARM STRUCTURES AND POTENTIAL FOR ENHANCEMENT AND MITIGATION JANUARY 2008 IN ASSOCIATION WITH Review of the reef effects of offshore wind farm structures and potential for enhancement and mitigation Report to the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform PML Applications Ltd in association with Scottish Association of Marine Sciences (SAMS) Contract No : RFCA/005/00029P This report may be cited as follows: Linley E.A.S., Wilding T.A., Black K., Hawkins A.J.S. and Mangi S. (2007). Review of the reef effects of offshore wind farm structures and their potential for enhancement and mitigation. Report from PML Applications Ltd and the Scottish Association for Marine Science to the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR), Contract No: RFCA/005/0029P Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The Review of Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation was prepared by PML Applications Ltd and the Scottish Association for Marine Science. This project was undertaken as part of the UK Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) offshore wind energy research programme, and managed on behalf of BERR by Hartley Anderson Ltd. We are particularly indebted to John Hartley and other members of the Research Advisory Group for their advice and guidance throughout the production of this report, and to Keith Hiscock and Antony Jensen who also provided detailed comment on early drafts. Numerous individuals have also contributed their advice, particularly in identifying data resources to assist with the analysis. We are particularly indebted to Angela Wratten, Chris Jenner, Tim Smyth, Mark Trimmer, Francis Bunker, Gero Vella, Robert Thornhill, Julie Drew, Adrian Maddocks, Robert Lillie, Tony Nott, Ben Barton, David Fletcher, John Leballeur, Laurie Ayling and Stephen Lockwood – who in the course of passing on information also contributed their ideas and thoughts.
    [Show full text]