The Early History of Quarantine
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OSU Infectious Diseases Response Protocol
DocuSign Envelope ID: D09C67E0-CB87-454C-8430-DBD2BA83D21A Student Health Services 108 SW Memorial Place, Plageman Bldg Corvallis, OR 97331 P 541-737-9355 | F 541-737-9665 Studenthealth.oregonstate.edu OSU Infectious Diseases Response Protocol Oregon State University Student Health Services 108 SW Memorial Place Plageman Building Corvallis, OR 97331-5801 Revised July 2019 Oregon State University Infectious Diseases Response Team Student Health Services (SHS) Office of Student Life Department of Public Safety (DPS) Emergency Management Facilities Services ABM (Custodial Contract Services) Division of International Programs INTO OSU Risk Management Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Center for Fraternity and Sorority Life (CFSL) University Relations and Marketing (URM) University Housing and Dining Services (UHDS) Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) Summer Session Enrollment Management-Office of Admissions Department of Recreational Sports Academic Advising Athletics Department Benton County Health Services (BCHS) Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center (GSRMC) Corvallis Fire Department (Emergency Medical Services) DocuSign Envelope ID: D09C67E0-CB87-454C-8430-DBD2BA83D21A Page 2 of 47 Promulgation, Approval, and Implementation The following is the Infectious Disease Response Protocol (IDRP) for Oregon State University (OSU). It identifies strategies and responsibilities for the prevention of and implementation of an emergency response to communicable diseases in the OSU community. This plan applies to all visitors, staff, students, volunteers or others working in OSU buildings. This plan has been approved and adopted by the OSU Infectious Disease Response Team (IDRT) and Benton County Health Services. It will be revised and updated as required. This plan supersedes any previous plan. It is understood that emergency plans exist for co-located agencies/building occupants (federal, state); where their plans are absent in instructions, this plan will be in effect. -
On Confinement and Quarantine Concerns on an SEIAR Epidemic
S S symmetry Article On Confinement and Quarantine Concerns on an SEIAR Epidemic Model with Simulated Parameterizations for the COVID-19 Pandemic Manuel De la Sen 1,* , Asier Ibeas 2 and Ravi P. Agarwal 3 1 Campus of Leioa, Institute of Research and Development of Processes IIDP, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain 2 Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Mathematics, Texas A & M University, 700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 30 September 2020; Published: 7 October 2020 Abstract: This paper firstly studies an SIR (susceptible-infectious-recovered) epidemic model without demography and with no disease mortality under both total and under partial quarantine of the susceptible subpopulation or of both the susceptible and the infectious ones in order to satisfy the hospital availability requirements on bed disposal and other necessary treatment means for the seriously infectious subpopulations. The seriously infectious individuals are assumed to be a part of the total infectious being described by a time-varying proportional function. A time-varying upper-bound of those seriously infected individuals has to be satisfied as objective by either a total confinement or partial quarantine intervention of the susceptible subpopulation. Afterwards, a new extended SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) epidemic model, which is referred to as an SEIAR (susceptible-exposed-symptomatic infectious-asymptomatic infectious-recovered) epidemic model with demography and disease mortality is given and focused on so as to extend the above developed ideas on the SIR model. -
Sample Chapter
Copyrighted material – 9781137524447 Contents List of Figures and Tables vii Notes on Contributors viii Preface xii Abbreviations xiv 1 Maritime Quarantine: Linking Old World and New World Histories 1 Alison Bashford Part I: Quarantine Histories in Time and Place 13 2 The Places and Spaces of Early Modern Quarantine 15 Jane Stevens Crawshaw 3 Early Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean Quarantine as a European System 35 Alexander Chase-Levenson 4 Incarceration and Resistance in a Red Sea Lazaretto, 1880–1930 54 Saurabh Mishra 5 Spaces of Quarantine in Colonial Hong Kong 66 Robert Peckham 6 Quarantine in the Dutch East Indies 85 Hans Pols 7 The Empire of Medical Investigation on Angel Island, California 103 Nayan Shah 8 Quarantine for Venereal Disease: New Zealand 1915–1918 121 Barbara Brookes 9 Influenza and Quarantine in Samoa 136 Ryan McLane v Copyrighted material – 9781137524447 Copyrighted material – 9781137524447 vi Contents 10 Yellow Fever, Quarantine and the Jet Age in India: Extremely Far, Incredibly Close 154 Kavita Sivaramakrishnan Part II: Heritage: Memorialising Landscapes of Quarantine 173 11 Sydney’s Landscape of Quarantine 175 Anne Clarke, Ursula K. Frederick, Peter Hobbins 12 Sana Ducos: The Last Leprosarium in New Caledonia 195 Ingrid Sykes 13 History, Testimony and the Afterlife of Quarantine: The National Hansen’s Disease Museum of Japan 210 Susan L. Burns 14 Citizenship and Quarantine at Ellis Island and Angel Island: The Seduction of Interruption 230 Gareth Hoskins Afterword 251 Mark Harrison Notes 258 Index 323 Copyrighted material – 9781137524447 Copyrighted material – 9781137524447 1 Maritime Quarantine: Linking Old World and New World Histories Alison Bashford From the early modern period, a global archipelago of quarantine stations came to connect the world’s oceans. -
Emergency Preparedness for COVID-19: Experience from One District General Hospital in Wuhan
4 Editorial Page 1 of 4 Emergency preparedness for COVID-19: experience from one district general hospital in Wuhan Yuetian Yu1#, Chunhui Xu2#, Cheng Zhu3, Qingyun Li4, Erzhen Chen3 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; 2Clinical Laboratory Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China #These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Erzhen Chen. Department of Emergency Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China. Email: [email protected]. Received: 28 June 2020; Accepted: 04 September 2020; Published: 30 October 2020. doi: 10.21037/jeccm-20-97 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jeccm-20-97 As a newly infectious disease, COVID-19 was first reported admitted on January 27th. The number of patients admitted at the end of December 2019 and now has become a global had reached 600 in the next three days and 15% of them pandemic (1). By August 20th, a total of 22,213,869 cases were critically ill who need organ support, especially the were confirmed in over 200 countries, including 781,677 respiratory support. However, insufficient oxygen supply death cases (2), which resulted in a challenge of medical and lack of ventilators brought great obstacles for the care system. During the first 2 months of 2020, the same rescue of these patients. -
Early History of Infectious Disease
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER ONE EARLY HISTORY OF INFECTIOUS 1 DISEASE Kenrad E. Nelson, Carolyn F. Williams Epidemics of infectious diseases have been documented throughout history. In ancient Greece and Egypt accounts describe epidemics of smallpox, leprosy, tuberculosis, meningococcal infections, and diphtheria.1 The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases profoundly shaped politics, commerce, and culture. In epidemics, none were spared. Smallpox likely disfigured and killed Ramses V in 1157 BCE, although his mummy has a significant head wound as well.2 At times political upheavals exasperated the spread of disease. The Spartan wars caused massive dislocation of Greeks into Athens triggering the Athens epidemic of 430–427 BCE that killed up to one half of the population of ancient Athens.3 Thucydides’ vivid descriptions of this epidemic make clear its political and cultural impact, as well as the clinical details of the epidemic.4 Several modern epidemiologists have hypothesized on the causative agent. Langmuir et al.,5 favor a combined influenza and toxin-producing staphylococcus epidemic, while Morrens and Chu suggest Rift Valley Fever.6 A third researcher, Holladay believes the agent no longer exists.7 From the earliest times, man has sought to understand the natural forces and risk factors affecting the patterns of illness and death in society. These theories have evolved as our understanding of the natural world has advanced, sometimes slowly, sometimes, when there are profound break- throughs, with incredible speed. Remarkably, advances in knowledge and changes in theory have not always proceeded in synchrony. Although wrong theories or knowledge have hindered advances in understanding, there are also examples of great creativity when scientists have successfully pursued their theories beyond the knowledge of the time. -
"Mediterranean Under Quarantine", Malta 7-8 November 2014
H-Sci-Med-Tech Conference: "Mediterranean under Quarantine", Malta 7-8 November 2014 Discussion published by Javier Martinez-Antonio on Wednesday, October 29, 2014 Dear all, this is the programme of the international conference "Mediterranean Under Quarantine", the 1st International conference of the Quarantine Studies Network. 7- 8 November 2014. Hosted by the Mediterranean Institute University Of Malta. Old University Campus, Valletta. Friday, 7 November 9.00 – 9.30 : Registration - Aula Magna - Old University Building. 9.30: Opening Address : John Chircop, Director, Mediterranean Institute (UOM) ; International Quarantine Studies Network. 1st Session: Quarantine Geopolitics and Diplomacy (First Part: 9.50 – 11.30 hrs) Chair: Francisco Javier Martinez-Antonio Alison Bashford (University of Cambridge), Quarantine and Oceanic Histories: reflections on the old world and the new. Alexander Chase-Levenson (Princeton University), Quarantine, Cooperation, and Antagonism in the Napoleonic Mediterranean. Raffaella Salvemini (CNR, Italian National Research Council; ISSM, Institute of Studies on Mediterranean Societies), Quarantine in the ports of southern Italy: from local history to global history (18th-19th centuries). Ibrahim Muhammed al-Saadaoui (Université de Tunisie), Quarantaine et Crise diplomatique en Méditerranée: L’affaire de 1789 et la guerre entre Venise et la Régence de Tunis. 11.30 – 11.50: Coffee break (Second Part: 11.50 – 13.30 hrs) Chair: Quim Bonastra Dominique Bon (LAPCOS, Laboratoire d’Anthropologie et de Psycholgie Cognitives et Sociales, Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis), La fin des quarantaines de santé dans la Province de Nice (1854). Daniela Hettstedt (Basel Graduate School of History, University of Basel), About Lighthouse, Abattoir and Epidemic Prevention. Global History Perspectives on the Internationalism in the Citation: Javier Martinez-Antonio. -
Syphilis and Theories of Contagion Curtis V
Syphilis and Theories of Contagion Curtis V. Smith, Doctoral Candidate Professor of Biological Sciences Kansas City Kansas Community College Abstract Syphilis provides a useful lens for peering into the history of early modern European medicine. Scholarly arguments about how diseases were transmitted long preceded certain scientific information about the etiology or cause of disease in the late 19th century. Compared to the acute and widely infectious nature of bubonic plague, which ravaged Europe in the mid-15th century, syphilis was characterized by the prolonged chronic suffering of many beginning in the early 16th century. This study reveals the historical anachronisms and the discontinuity of medical science focusing primarily on the role of Girolamo Fracastoro (1478-1553) and others who influenced contagion theory. Examination of contagion theory sheds light on perceptions about disease transmission and provides useful distinctions about descriptive symptoms and pathology. I. Introduction Treponema pallidum is a long and tightly coiled bacteria discovered to be the cause of syphilis by Schaudinn and Hoffman on March 3, 1905. The theory of contagion, or how the disease was transmitted, was vigorously debated in Europe as early as the sixteenth century. Scholarly arguments about how diseases were transmitted long preceded scientific information about the etiology or cause of disease. The intense debate about syphilis was the result of a fearsome epidemic in Europe that raged from 1495-1540. Compared to the Black Death, which had a short and sudden acute impact on large numbers of people one hundred and fifty years earlier, syphilis was characterized by the prolonged chronic suffering of many. -
COVID-19 Vaccines Frequently Asked Questions
Page 1 of 12 COVID-19 Vaccines 2020a Frequently Asked Questions Michigan.gov/Coronavirus The information in this document will change frequently as we learn more about COVID-19 vaccines. There is a lot we are learning as the pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines evolve. The approach in Michigan will adapt as we learn more. September 29, 2021. Quick Links What’s new | Why COVID-19 vaccination is important | Booster and additional doses | What to expect when you get vaccinated | Safety of the vaccine | Vaccine distribution/prioritization | Additional vaccine information | Protecting your privacy | Where can I get more information? What’s new − Pfizer booster doses recommended for some people to boost waning immunity six months after completing the Pfizer vaccine. Why COVID-19 vaccination is important − If you are fully vaccinated, you don’t have to quarantine after being exposed to COVID-19, as long as you don’t have symptoms. This means missing less work, school, sports and other activities. − COVID-19 vaccination is the safest way to build protection. COVID-19 is still a threat, especially to people who are unvaccinated. Some people who get COVID-19 can become severely ill, which could result in hospitalization, and some people have ongoing health problems several weeks or even longer after getting infected. Even people who did not have symptoms when they were infected can have these ongoing health problems. − After you are fully vaccinated for COVID-19, you can resume many activities that you did before the pandemic. CDC recommends that fully vaccinated people wear a mask in public indoor settings if they are in an area of substantial or high transmission. -
Are Four Centuries of Systemic Segregation Coming to an End?
EOTVOS LORAND UNIVERSITY European Master’s Degree in Human Rights and Democratization 2016/2017 Are Four Centuries of Systemic Segregation Coming to an End? A socio-historical analysis of custodial care with case studies on deinstitutionalisation of children with disabilities in Bulgaria and Serbia. Author: Lazar Stefanović Supervisor: prof. Dr. Katalin Tausz ABSTRACT This study encompasses the phenomenon of institutionalisation of persons with mental disabilities in a holistic manner, from its rise to the fall as the only mainstream form of care for this group. The phenomenon of the period of “great confinement” with regards to persons with mental disorders determined the later development of custodial care systems; hence my thesis examines wrongness of the inveteracy of punitive and control oriented care that was long taken for granted. The perception of mental disorders progressed significantly after the aforementioned period; still today we are able to detect worryingly outdated approaches to mental disability as well as some features of the custodial care that were present a few centuries ago. A significant breakthrough happened with introduction of somewhat vague concept of dignity that allowed theorists and lawmakers to further develop understanding of this concept and incorporate it in international legal instruments. The position of dignity is examined with regards to realization of the rights of persons with mental disabilities and understanding the importance of autonomy as a prerequisite for dignified life. Ultimately, deinstitutionalisation is a tool by which the society loosens the control established upon the persons with mental disorders a long time ago. The case studies focus on the processes of deinstitutionalisation of children with disabilities in Bulgaria and Serbia. -
Health Officer Order
NICK MACCHIONE, FACHE HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY WILMA J. WOOTEN, M.D. AGENCY DIRECTOR PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES 3851 ROSECRANS STREET, MAIL STOP P-578 SAN DIEGO, CA 92110-3134 (619) 531-5800 • FAX (619) 542-4186 ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER (Quarantine of Persons Exposed to COVID-19) The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a substantial threat to the public’s health. San Diego County is currently subject to a declared local health emergency and a proclaimed local emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Governor of the State of California proclaimed a state of emergency. Everyone is at risk for becoming ill with COVID-19, but some people are more vulnerable to serious illness due to age or underlying health conditions. In order to slow the spread of COVID-19, and prevent the healthcare system in San Diego County from being overwhelmed, it is necessary for the Health Officer of the County of San Diego (Health Officer) to require the quarantine of persons exposed to COVID-19. Household contacts, intimate partners, caregivers, and any other person who have been in close contact with a person either diagnosed with COVID-19, or likely to have COVID-19 (COVID-19 Patient), must quarantine themselves. A “close contact” is a contact with a COVID-19 Patient that occurs anywhere between 48 hours before the COVID-19 Patient’s symptoms began (or, for asymptomatic patients, 2 days prior to test specimen collection), and until the COVID-19 Patient is no longer required to be isolated, and where they: 1. -
Social Distancing, Quarantine and Isolation During an Infectious Disease Outbreak
TAKING CARE OF YOUR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH TIPS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, QUARANTINE AND ISOLATION DURING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK In the event of an infectious disease outbreak, local officials may require the public to take measures to limit and control the spread of the disease. This tip sheet provides information about social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. The government has the right to enforce federal and state laws related to public health if people within the country get sick with highly contagious diseases that have the potential to develop into outbreaks or pandemics. This tip sheet describes feelings and thoughts you may have during and after social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. It also suggests ways to care for your behavioral health during these experiences and provides resources for more help. WHAT IS SOCIAL DISTANCING? • Time taken off from work and the potential loss of Social distancing is a way to keep people from interacting income and job security closely or frequently enough to spread an infectious disease. • The challenges of securing things you need, such as Schools and other gathering places such as movie theaters groceries and personal care items may close, and sports events and religious services may be • Concern about being able to effectively care for children canceled. or others in your care WHAT IS QUARANTINE? • Uncertainty or frustration about how long you will need to Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of people remain in this situation, and uncertainty about the future who have been exposed to a contagious disease to see if they • Loneliness associated with feeling cut off from the world become sick. -
Public Health in Florida – Yesteryear
Public Health in Florida – Yesteryear FLORIDA'S PUBLIC HEALTH CENTENNIAL William J. Bigler Department of Health 1317 Winewood Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Reprinted with permission from Florida Journal of Public Health, Vol. 1, No. 3, May, 1989, p. 7-19. Figure 1. Cover of Florida Journal of Public Health Vol. 1, No.3 May 1989. ____________________________________________________________ In 1989 William J. Bigler, Ph.D, was Deputy State Epidemiologist for the HRS State Health Office, Disease Control and AIDS Prevention Program. He was initially employed by the Florida State Board of Health 34 years ago as a biologist, has since served in HRS Health Programs as Research Coordinator, Epidemiology Program Supervisor and Biological Administrator, and is currently Senior Epidemiologist with the Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology. 2 Abstract Florida's State Board of Health (SBH) was created on February 20, 1889. Historical records during the next century, document that public health programs and policies have influenced the state's political, social and economic infrastucture as well as the quality of life of it's populace. Quarantine, fumigation, vaccination, sanitation, and public education were initially used to control yellow fever, malaria, dengue fever, smallpox, and cholera. World War I brought venereal disease (VD) and epidemics of influenza, dengue fever and plague were encountered shortly thereafter. Statewide mosquito control efforts made the state more habitable. Then hurricanes wreaked havoc when the Great Depression caused massive cuts in budgets and programs. Federal "relief" programs provided some funds for health needs, but not enough. VD was again a problem during World War II. Health care for military dependents, the exploding population and industrial development brought new challenges.