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Jackson Hole NATIONAL MONUMENT WYOMING Grand Teton Historic Events CONTENTS NATIONAL PARK 1807-8 Discovery of the Terons by John the Grand Teton and Glacier Colter

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Jackson Hole NATIONAL MONUMENT WYOMING Grand Teton Historic Events CONTENTS NATIONAL PARK 1807-8 Discovery of the Terons by John the Grand Teton and Glacier Colter NATIONAL PARK and Jackson Hole NATIONAL MONUMENT WYOMING Grand Teton Historic Events CONTENTS NATIONAL PARK 1807-8 Discovery of the Terons by John The Grand Teton and Glacier Colter. and (Copyright Harold Mapes) Cover 1811 The West - bound Astorians crossed Teton Pass. History of the Region . 4 Jackson Hole National Monument 1810-45 "The Fur Era" in the Rocky The Teton Range 6 WYOMING Mountains, which reached its Jackson Hole. 6 height between 1825 and 1840. Season June 15 to September 15 The Work of Glaciers 6 1829 Capt. William Sublette named Jackson Hole after his partner in Wildlife 7 Grand Teton National Park, estab- standing geologic, historic, biologic, the fur trade, David Jackson. Map. 8-9 lished by an act of Congress on Feb- and scenic values. ruary 26, 1929, embraces the most Within its boundaries are found 1832 Rendezvous of fur trappers in Trees and Plants. 10 scenic portion of the Teton Range of Jackson, Emma Matilda, and Two Pierre's Hole; Battle of Pierre's How to Reach the Park and Hole. Wyoming, with an area of approxi- Ocean Lakes in the northern por- Monument. 10 mately 150 square miles, or 96,000 tion and the Snake River cutting its 1842 Michaud attempted an ascent of Trails 12 the Grand Teton. acres. It varies from 3 to 9 miles in channel from the outlet of Jackson Mountain Climbing 12 width and is 27 miles in length. Lake east and south through the 1860 Jim Bridger guided Capt. W. F. In addition to its majestic peaks valley. Reynolds' expedition through fu~~. ~ Teton country. Boating. 14 and canyons, Grand Teton National Two prominent land features, Sig- Park includes 5 large lakes and many nal Mountain in the north central 1872 William H. Jackson, with Hay- Accommodations and Miscella- smaller bodies of water, glaciers, and portion of Jackson Hole and Black- den geological survey party, took neousServices . 14 first photographs of Tetons. snowfields, and extensive forests of tail Butte in the central portion, Administration . 15 pine, fir, and spruce. Much of the supply excellent view points of the 1877 Hayden survey party of Orestes Naturalist Service 15 St. John made geological studies park area is above timber line, the valley and surrounding ranges of in the Tetons. Rules and Regulations 16 Grand Teton rising to 13,766 feet, mountains. more than 7,000 feet above the floor Grand Teton National Park and 1879 Thomas Moran painted the Teton Range. of Jackson Hole. Jack'Son Hole National Monument The great array of peaks which together preserve a mountain range 1884 The first settlers entered Jackson constitutes the scenic climax of this and valley that are one in framing a Hole. UNITED STATES national park is one of the noblest landscape of grandeur and majesty 1897 Teton Forest Reserve created. DEPARTMENT OF THE in the world. Southwest of Jenny that is unique in America and one 1898 The first major Teton peaks scaled Lake is a culminating group of lofty that has long been famous for its (Buck Mountain and Grand Te- INTERIOR peaks whose dominating figure is the matchless scenery. These preserves ton). J. A. Krug, Secretary Grand Teton, the famous mountain are units of the National Park Sys- 1909 The Upper Gros Ventre landslide. after which the park is named. tem owned by the people of the 1925 The Lower Gros Ventre landslide. Adjoining Grand Teton National U ni ted States and administered for Park on its east and north boundaries them by the National Park Service 1927 The Gros Ventre flood. is Jackson Hole National Monu- of the Department of the Interior 1929 Grand Teton National Park estab- ment, established by Presidential for the use and enjoyment of all lished and dedicated. proclamation on March 15, 1943. people. 1930 The last major Teton peaks scaled This area, containing 222,929 acres, The Terons are viewed at their (Nez Perce and Mount Owen). 173,065 acres of which are Federally best from Jackson Hole and, here 1943 Jackson Hole National Monu- NATIONAL PARK SERVICE owned land, was set aside as a na- too, is found the supplement to the ment established. Newton B. Drury, Director tional monument because of its out- geologic story of the Teton Range. 3 When the Terons were uplifted as per, David E.Jackson, who was espe- a fault block, then eroded and sculp- cially fond of this beautiful valley or tured into their present rugged form, basin as we call it today. the valley of Jackson Hole was low- Jackson Hole, as a favorite habitat ered as a fault ttough and partly of the beaver and other fur bearers, filled with the eroded materials from played an important part in the "win- the surrounding mountains. These ning of the West," for here the fur deposits of glacial moraines, outwash trappers and traders of that day not plains, and changing stream courses only hunted out the trails and passes tell much of the geologic history of which opened the transmountain the area. country to Americans, bur also found a practical base of operations for their History of the Region expeditions to gather the valuable The Tetons are remarkably rich in furs of this mountain region. historic traditions. The Grand Teton Jackson Hole was important as a itself has been referred to by an emi- crossroads of Trapper Trails of the nent historian as "the most noted "Fur Trade Era," for here six major historic summit of the West." routes converged as the spokes of a Up to 1,800 Indians held undis- wheel upon their hub. Leading into puted sway over the country domi- this valley the Mountain Men found nated by the Three Tetons. Jackson the old Indian Trails over the Conant Hole was literally a happy hunting Pass from the northwest, Two Ocean ground, and, while the severe winters Pass from the northeast, Togwotee precluded permanent habitation, dur- and Union Passes from the east, ing the milder seasons, bands of South Pass and Hoback Canyon from Indians frequently came across the the southwest, and the Teton Pass passes into the basins on warring or from the west. hunting expeditions. By 1845 the romantic trapper of The Tetons probably first became the "Fur Trade Era" vanished from known to white men in 1807-8, when the Rockies. During the next four the intrepid John Colter crossed the decades the valleys near the Terons range on the memorable journey were largely deserted, except for wan- which also made him discoverer of dering bands of Indians who occa- the Yellowstone country. In 1811, sionally drifted in. But the frontier the Astorians, under Wilson Price was relentlessly closing in, and one Hunt, entered Jackson Hole and Government expedition after another crossed the range on their expedition passed through the Teton country or to the mouth of the Columbia. near it. The most important of these The decades that follow are fre- were the Hayden surveys of 1871, quently referred to as the "Fur Trade 1872, 1877, and 1878. These parties Era," for the Teton region became named many of the park's natural the scene of intensive exploration and features, including Leigh,Jenny, Tag- trapping activities by both British gart, Bradley, and Phelps Lakes, and and American interests. The pictur- Mount St. John. esque name of 'Jackson Hole" dates In the middle eighties came the back to 1829, when Capt. William first settlers. They entered by the Sublette named it for his fellow trap- Gros Ventre River and Teton Pass, Jenny Lake and the Grand Tetons 4 5 and settled first in the south end of block, but they have been worn away the valley. The story of the home- from half of the area, thus exposing steader has been one of isolation, the underlying crystallines. The west privation, and hardships, met, how- and north flanks of the range are ever, with persistency and indomita- overlapped by relatively young beds ble courage. of lava that are continuous with those covering eastern Idaho and the Yel- The Teton Range lows tone plateaus. The Teton Range may be described as a long block of the earth that has Jackson Hole been broken and uplifted along its Jackson Hole, which adjoins the eastern margin, thus being tilted park, is encompassed on all sides by westward. Movement of this sort mountain barriers. It is 48 miles long, along a fracture is what the geologist for the most part 6 to 8 miles wide, terms "faulting." The total amount and embraces an area of more than of uplift along the eastern edge of 400 square miles. The north portion the block amounts to more than of the valley has been included in Jackson Hole National Monument. 10,000 feet. Doubtless this uplift was A part of the Jackson Hole Elk Herd accomplished not by one cataclysm The floor of the valley slopes from but by a series of small faulting an altitude of 7,000 feet at the north instances into, the basin from the wild animals in their natural habitat, movements distributed over a very end to 6,000 at the south. Jackson highlands to the east, north, and west. the expenditure of a little time off long period. Probably the time of Hole lies a few miles west of the The precipitous north slopes of the the main road will satisfy their desire. faulting was as remote as the middle Continental Divide, and occupies the mountain peaks, the knifelike ridges In the park itself Shiras' moose is of the tertiary period (the period just central portion of the headwaters area or aretes, the Matterhorn-like tower- the most common big game animal; before the ice age, the latest chapter of the Snake River.
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    -110.860 -110.850 -110.840 -110.830 -110.820 -110.810 -110.800 -110.790 -110.780 -110.770 -110.760 -110.750 -110.740 -110.730 -110.720 -110.710 9 , 6 0 0 0 0 8 , 0 00 6 1 6 ,60 8, 1 0 1 , 2 0 0 Mount Moran 12605 T East Horn ra p 9, 00 Trapper p 2 e r Lake L a 0 k 60 e , 1 T 1 .55 r 00 West Horn ,0 1 1 0 0 Thor Peak 6 , 43.830 0 1 43.830 Cirque Lake 0 0 00 4 ,4 Bearpaw Lake , 9 .25 9 00 ,6 0 0 1 0 6 , 0 9 0 1 0 ,8 0,0 0 8 .35 7,200 0 0 8 8,200 , 8,4 7 00 00 9,2 Leigh Lake 0 0 0 , 9 8,0 00 L e ig h L a k e Mystic Island 0 T 43.820 00 r 43.820 8, a i l 7,400 1.30 0 Leigh Canyon 7,00 9,200 7, 200 0 8,00 Leigh Lake 9,4 00 8,600 Mink Lake 0 0 6 0, 43.810 43.810 1 9,600 8 ,800 00 ,8 9 0 9,00 0 0 ,4 8 0 ,40 10 7 9,6 ,400 00 Grizzly Bear Lake Hol 4.90 ly La k e 0 Mount Woodring 11590 T 0 7,600 ra Leigh Lake ,4 il 0 1 0 l 0 i 0 0 00 a 1 0 1,4 2 r , , 1 7 T 1 0 e 0 k 8,0 a Boulder Island L h 43.800 g 43.800 9,8 i 00 e L ail Tr S n ke tri g Lak La e T lly r .75 1.50 Ho 10,400 8 , 80 0 00 9,8 Outlier Site 0 9, 60 0 0 2 P , ai 1 7 .80 ntb 0,6 1.75 rus 00 h Di 10,60 8 vid 0 ,4 00 e T ra 1.30 il Holly Lake Site Holly Lake 00 9 Paintbrush Divide 0 ,4 Lake Solitude ,4 10,00 9 00 9 ,2 0 2.25 0 Paint 0 0 N bru ,0 il s 8 ra o h C T r 10 ke t ,8 a a h L 0 n 0 g F y n on Tr ri o Paintbrush Canyon a t Cathedral Group r 9 il S 43.790 k ,8 43.790 00 il Turnout o Holly Lake Group Site ra f T e C k a La s lly 1 c 9,200 Ho 0 ad ,0 e Ca p 0 ny oo 0 on Rockchuck Peak L ke North Fork of S a L tr y i n 00 n n Cascade Canyon 9,6 g e J L .55 a k e T d r Access a Ramp o
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