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562 American Anthropologist [71, 1969] Dence in Scandinavia 562 American Anthropologist [71, 1969] dence in Scandinavia. If Mrs. Davidson does appreciate an explanatory text that provides not exactly break new ground, she provides a systematic overview of the Pleistocene valuable suggestions. mammals of Europe. Similarly, Pleistocene The author asserts that "Nerman's theory specialists of many kinds, with little or no that the three largest burial mounds at anatomical training, can now enjoy ready Gamla Uppsala hold the remains of three access to a previously obscure field, thanks early kings of Sweden, remembered in Beo- in part to the widely ranging bibliography wulf and Ynglinga Saga" is generally ac- (319 items). For largely the same reasons, cepted. Probably she got this impression however, others will regret that more techni- from archeological publications. Even there, cal data were not incorporated and that acceptance is not complete. But more im- many of the sections were not considerably portant is that this and related protohistori- expanded. cal problems are debated among historians. The first section deals with the strati- And the Ynglinga Saga can have no primary graphic framework to the European faunal source importance at all for this question. sequence. A summary of the major Villa- Minor mistakes are inevitable in a book franchian mammal localities is followed by of this kind. Two of them ought to be men- an outline of the stratigraphic scheme fol- tioned. There are not 200 rock figures lowed at in the subsequent text: the Villa- Nimforsen, but 1400. Simrislund, with franchianthe (subdivided into five stages-Etou- well-known rock picture of the axe-bearer aires, Pardines, St. Vallier, Seneze, and Val (Fig. 8) is not at Tanum, Bohuslkin, on thed'Arno); the Tiglian interglacial; two Giinz west coast, but in Scania, in southernmost stadials separated by the Waalian and fol- Sweden. Misspellings of our difficult place- lowed by the Cromer interglacial; a single names, etc., are more frequent than usualMindel glacial followed by the Holstein in- (so far, the reviewer has noted some 40). terglacial; It two Riss stadials separated by the does not matter--except when the reader Ilford phase and followed by the Eem inter- has trouble in trying to identify them else-glacial; and, finally, two Wiirm stadials. Since where. Certainly, the author is not responsi- these units are defined or dictated by Euro- ble for the climax of spelling vandalism pean biostratigraphic assemblages, with reached in the cover text, where the epoch which Kurt6n is particularly familiar, the called "Vendel period" (after the site relative of stratigraphy itself-regardless of Vendel) appears as the "Vandal period." strict correlations with the overwrought gla- Scandinavians will likely prefer to cial use nomenclature-is worthy of some con- Folke Strim's Nordisk hedendom (second fidence. The brevity of these introductory edition 1967; this work is not among those chapters is partly compensated for by a range in the select bibliography of the reviewed of well selected diagrammatic illustrations. It book). But they ought to appreciate Mrs.is only regrettable that the rather controver- Davidson's contribution, and now at least sial interpretation of the Cueva del Toll pol- international readers have a useful introduc- len and faunal sequence (see K. W. Butzer tion to a difficult and controversial field. and L. G. Freeman, "Pollen analysis at the Cueva del Toll, Catalonia: a critical re-ap- Pleistocene Mammals of Europe. BJ6RN praisal," Geologie en Mijnbouw 47:116-120, KURTE'N. Chicago: Aldine Publishing 1968) should be introduced as one of the Company, 1968. viii + 317 pp., 111 fig- basic examples. ures, 15 tables, appendix, references (319 The second section, the core of the book, entries), index. $11.95 (cloth). presents the Pleistocene mammalian species by order (insectivora, chiroptera, primates, Reviewed by KARL W. BUTZER carnivora, proboscidea, perissodactyla, ar- University of Chicago tiodactyla, rodentia, and lagomorpha). Un- This book is highly welcome in that it like the majority of paleontological texts, the brings a great wealth of paleontological data species rather than the genus is the basic together for a wide audience at a nontechni- category of discussion. Each is, in fact, dis- cal level. Students of archeology, prehistory, cussed in essay fashion, ordered first accord- and a variety of related sciences will readily ing to taxonomic groups and, where perti- This content downloaded from 128.83.56.50 on Mon, 31 Jul 2017 17:33:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Book Reviews 563 nent, in stratigraphic Dor el Gussa und Gebelorder. ben Ghnema: AZur succinct state- ment of the stratigraphic nachpluvialen Besiedlungsgeschichte range des and charac- teristic fossil localities Ostfezzan. HELMUT beginsZIEGERT. With a con-each of these essays, followed tributionby aby Eberhardsimple Klitzsch. anatomical Wies- de- scription with abaden: discussion Franz Steiner Verlag ofGMBH, some of the more distinctive 1967. traits. x + 94 pp. + For203 unnumbered the pp.more impor- tant species there of plates, may 19 illustrations, also 203be plates, statements 3 of ecological aspects foldout maps, or English zoogeography. summary, index. Al- though the illustrations DM 66 (cloth). of diagnostic bone parts are often too few, they are good; un- fortunately the occasional sketch reconstruc- tions of the animals themselves are often too Reviewed by THEODORE MONOD Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris impressionistic. The writing is remarkably engaging, considering that this is basically Archeological exploration of the "hyper- an encyclopedic arrangement of data. In arid" regions of the Sahara, the so-called fact, one inevitably would like to read more, "Vollwiisten," "Extremwiisten," "Kern- and the more poorly organized discussions wiisten," is of particular interest because the of fossil horses and wild cattle by F. E. Zeu- climatic worsening that occurred after the ner (A History of Domesticated Animals, subpluvial of the humid phase of the past- London: Hutchinson, 1963) provide exam- Pleistocene is there manifested, so to speak, ples of just how appealing a little more flesh in a "pure" state, since no water was intro- on the bones might have been. In the case duced from other sources, either from under- of the elephantidae and rhinocerotidae, ground or outside the region. What this Kurt6n's treatment becomes little other than meant was that in those climatically "exem- inadequate: these families are so crucial to plary" zones, the processes of dessication an understanding of European biostratigra- were able to take place freely. The conse- phy that they simply cannot be glossed over quence for human history was that these in thirteen brief pages. A four-fold expan- regions not only became unsuitable for any sion of this data would provide a great ser- kind of sedentary habitation, but presented vice to many. The appendix (Table 15), serious obstacles to nomadism and even to which presents the range of 280 species simple travel by camel. This situation includes through 17 time-stratigraphic units, is of a large part of the Libyan Desert, as well as, help but does not compensate for the incom- in the West, the Majibat al-Kubra, the west- plete discussions of anatomical characteris- ern Empty Quarter that maps still occasion- tics, ecology, or distributions of the two ally label erroneously, "El Djouf." dozen or so most important species. The work of Helmut Ziegert will thus be Part III presents a valuable survey of welcomed, especially as it concerns a diffi- Kurt6n's original ideas on speciation and cult region, little known until now; whose faunal evolution during the Pleistocene. The geological structure has itself only been de- concept of faunal "half-life" and its poten- scribed within the last decade. H. Ziegert tial applications to Pleistocene chronology isand his collaborators worked in the Gebel particularly interesting. The final evaluation ben Ghnema and the Dor el Gussa from the of the European fauna in terms of world an- end of November 1963 to the end of April imal regions is once more too brief. With 1964. The present work presents the archeo- the strong emphasis on stratigraphy, it is logical findings of that expedition. also curious to find next to no treatment of The region studied is part of the eastern bioassemblages as a whole. edge of the Murzuk basin and includes, All in all this is an excellent and useful from the East to the West: a paleozoic pla- book, presenting an amazing amount of teaudata (Cambrian-Devonian), the Dor el in a restricted space. Hopefully Kurt6n Gussa,will a carboniferous plain, and finally a oblige his audiences by a later book orsecond an plateau, the Gebel ben Ghnema, expanded, revised edition supplementing made the up, for the most part, of Intercalary many themes that suffer from excessive Continental (Nubian Series). [Note: The brevity of treatment. reference to the work of Klitzsch (1963), This content downloaded from 128.83.56.50 on Mon, 31 Jul 2017 17:33:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms.
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