Chinese board pdf

Continue Who goes first? Man Computer Game Without Computer No Handicap Right Horse Both Horses Nine Pieces Computer Skill Level 0.5 seconds 1 second 2 seconds 3 seconds 4 seconds Chinese chess redirects here. For other purposes, see Chinese chess (disambiguation). Chess version hailing from China's XiangqiXiangqi board and starting setupGenre (s) Abstract strategy game Mind sportPlayers2Setup time qlt; 1 minutePlaying timeInformal games: can range from 20 minutes to a few hoursBlitz games: up to 10 minutes chanceRandomNoneSkill (s) required Bystregia, Chinese chess playerChinese象棋TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu Pinyinxi'ngq'wade-Gileshsiang4- ch'i2IPA-ɕjâŋ.tɕhǐ (listen)Yue: CantoneseYale Romanizationjeuhng k'iJyutpingzoeng6 kei2Southern MinHokkien POJchhiūⁿ-k' This article includes inset links to audio files. If you're having trouble playing files, see (Chinese: 象棋; pinyin: xi'ngq; English: /ˈʃɑːŋtʃi/), also called Chinese chess, is a strategic infusion game for two players. It is one of the most popular board games in China, and is in the same family as international chess, chaturanga, segues, Indian chess and . Aside from China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, xiangqi is also a popular pastime in Vietnam, where it is known as cờ tướng. The game is a battle between two armies, with the aim of capturing the enemy general (king). The distinctive features of xiangqi include cannons (pao) that must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting generals from confronting each other directly; The area on the board is called the river and the palace, which restrict the movement of some parts (but boost that of others); and placing the pieces at the intersection of board lines, not in squares. The Xiangqi board is played on the board nine lines wide and 10 lines long. As in the go game (Waiko 圍棋/围棋), the pieces are placed at intersections known as dots. Vertical lines are known as files (Chinese: 路; pinyin: l'; road), and horizontal lines are known as rows (traditional Chinese: 線; simplified Chinese: 线; pinyin: xi'n; Line). In the center of the first to the third and eighth and tenth ranks of the boards are two zones, each of which are three points, separated by two diagonal lines connecting opposite angles and intersecting at the central point. Each of these areas is known as 宮/宫 g'ng, lock. The separation of the two warring sides, between the fifth and sixth rows, 河, the river. The river is often marked with the phrases 楚河 chǔ h', meaning River, and 漢界 (in traditional Chinese), chio, which means Han Border, a reference to the Chu-Han War. Although the river provides a visual separation between the two sides, only the parts are affected by its continent: soldiers have increased movement after crossing the river, and elephants cannot cross it. The starting points of soldiers and guns are usually, but not always, marked by small crosses. The Xiangqi rules are a common pastime in Chinese cities. The pieces begin in the position shown in the diagram above. Which player moves first has changed throughout history and from one part of China to another. Various books xiangqi advise either that the black or red side moves first. (quote is necessary) Some books refer to both sides, both north and south; which direction corresponds to which color also varies from source to source. Typically, the Red moves first in most modern tournaments. Each player, in turn, moves one shape from the point he occupies to another point. Parts are usually not allowed to move through the point occupied by another piece. The piece can be moved to a point occupied by an enemy figure, in which case the enemy part is captured and removed from the board. The player cannot capture one of his parts. The pieces never advance (converted to other parts), although the soldier is able to move sideways after he crosses the river. Almost all parts capture using their usual moves, while the gun has a special capture move described below. An example is a mat that assumes that the gun is safe and the black can't block the check. You don't need a horse for that mat. The game ends when one player checks the general of another. When a general is in danger of being captured by an enemy player on his next move, the enemy player has tested (simplified Chinese: 照将/将军; traditional Chinese: 照將/將軍, abbreviated (simplified Chinese: 将; traditional Chinese: 將; pinyin: ji'ngji') and general in check. The check must be announced. If the player general can not make any moves to prevent the capture of the general, the situation is called mate (simplified Chinese: 将死; traditional Chinese: 將死). Unlike chess, in which a dead-end draw, in Xiangchi, is a loss for the stagnation of the player. In xiangqi, a player - often with a material or positional disadvantage -- can try to check or chase the pieces in such a way that the moves fall in the loop, preventing the enemy from winning. Although this is accepted in Western chess, in xiangqi, the following special rules are used to make it harder to draw a game of endless checking or chasing, regardless of whether the position pieces are repeated or not: the player makes perpetual checks with one piece or several pieces you can rule lost if he or she stops such a check. A player who constantly pursues any unprotected piece with one or more pieces, except for generals and soldiers, will be recognized lost if he or she stops such chases. If one of the parties constantly checks and The other side is constantly chasing, checking the side must stop or be deemed lost. When neither side breaks the rules and both stubbornly do not make an alternative move, the game can be controlled as a draw. When both sides break the same rule at the same time, and both stubbornly do not make an alternative move, the game can be considered a draw. Different sets of rules set different limits on what is considered eternal. For example, club xiangqi rules allow a player to check or chase six times in a row using one piece, twelve times using two parts, and eighteen times using three parts before considering the action being eternal. The above rules to prevent perpetual scrutiny and chase, while popular, are not the only ones; There are many situations of the end of the game. Plays Each player controls an army of 16 parts; The army is usually painted red and black. Parts of flat round discs are marked or engraved with a Chinese character, identifying the type of work, and in color indicating which player has ownership. The black figures are marked with slightly different characters from the respective red parts. In mainland China, most kits still use traditional Chinese characters (as opposed to simplified Chinese characters). Modern pieces are usually plastic, although some sets are wooden, and more expensive sets can use jade. In more ancient times, many sets were simple unpainted wooden wagons; so as to distinguish between parts of the two sides, most of the relevant parts used symbols that were similar but slightly changed. This practice may have originated in situations where there was only one material available to make parts out of and there is no coloring material available to distinguish opposing armies. The oldest piece of xiangqi found to date 俥 (chariot) part. It is kept in the Henan Provincial Museum. (quote is necessary) General and general advisers generals (or kings) are labeled 將 (i.e.) / 将 (simp.) ji'ng (common) on the black side and 帥 (i.e.) / 帅 (simp.) shu'i (marshal) on the red side. The general starts the game in the middle of the back edge, inside the palace. The general can move and capture one point orthogonally and cannot leave the palace, with the following exception. If two generals collide with each other on the same file without interfering parts, the ⾶將 (flying general) move can be performed in which the general move crosses the board to capture the enemy general. In practice, this rule means that creating such a situation in the first place means moving in check, and therefore is not allowed. The Indian name king for this part was changed to generally because of Chinese naming taboos; China's rulers objected to their royal titles being game parts. (questionable - to discuss) Adviser advisers (also known as guards or ministers, and less frequently as assistants, mandarins, mandarins, Warriors) are labeled as ⼠ (scientist, gentleman, officer, keeper) for blacks and 仕 scientist, official, keeper) for Red. Rarely do sets use a symbol ⼠ both colors. Advisers start on both sides of the general. They move and capture one point diagonally and cannot leave the palace, which limits them to five points on the board. The ea counsel probably comes from the mantra in chaturanga, like the queen in Western chess. There is some controversy about ⼠ is actually meant to mean a scientist, a gentleman who will ⼠, or a guard, a keeper who will 衛⼠ (simplified Chinese: 卫⼠). For some words, the latter seems more believable because their functionality seems to be for the general's protection/protection. The general Western translation of the EA does not reflect this layer of meaning. Elephant elephants (or bishops) are designated 象 xi'ng (elephant) for blackness and 相 xi'ng (minister) for red. They are located next to the consultants. These figures move and capture exactly two points diagonally and cannot jump over intermediate shapes; this step is described as similar to the character ⽥ Tiana (field). If an elephant cannot move because of the diagonally adjacent piece, it is known as blocking the elephant's eyes (塞象眼). (doubtful - discuss) Elephants cannot cross the river to attack an enemy general, and serve as defensive units. Because elephant movement is limited to just seven board positions, it can easily be absorbed or threatened. Two elephants are often used to protect each other. Chinese characters for minister and elephant are homophones in Chinese (Listen), and both have alternative meanings like appearance or image. However, in English, both are called elephants. The Red Horse horse can grab a black horse, but a black horse cannot capture a red horse because its movement is hampered by another piece. Green movements are legal; The red ones are illegal because another piece interferes with the horse's movement. Horses (or knights) are designated ⾺ mǎ for black and 傌 mǎ for red in sets labeled with traditional Chinese characters and ⻢ mǎ for both black and red kits labeled with simplified Chinese characters. Some traditional kits use ⾺ for both colors. Horses start playing next to elephants on their outer flanks. The horse moves and captures one point orthogonally, and then one point diagonally from its former position, a movement that is traditionally described as a symbol of ⽇ Re. The horse does not jump like a knight in Western chess, and can be blocked by a piece located at one point horizontally or vertically next to it. Blocking a horse is called a horseshading horse (蹩⾺腿). The diagram on the left illustrates the movement of the horse. Because horses can be You can catch the enemy's horse. A single player's horse can have an asymmetrical advantage in attack if the opponent's horse is locked, as seen in the chart on the right. Chariots (or rooks) are labeled as ⾞ j' for black and 俥 j' for red in sets marked with traditional Chinese characters and ⻋ for both black and red in sets marked with simplified Chinese characters. Some traditional sets use ⾞ for both colors. In the context of Chinese chess, all these symbols are pronounced as j' (instead of the general pronunciation of cha). The chariot moves and captures any distance orthogonally, but cannot jump over intermediate parts. Chariots start the game on points at the corners of the board. Chariot is often considered the strongest figure in the game because of its freedom of movement and lack of restrictions. Chariot is sometimes known as rook by English-speaking players, as it looks like a rook in Western chess. Chinese players (and others) often refer to this piece of car, as it is one modern meaning character ⾞. Cannon Long-Term Threat Gun Guns labeled 砲 p'o (catapult) for black and 炮 paco (gun) for red. The names of homophones, although sometimes 炮 used for both red and black. ⽯ sha radical 砲 means stone and ⽕ huǒ radical 炮 means fire. Parts of both colors are commonly referred to as guns in English. The black piece is sometimes labeled as 包b'o. Each player has two guns that start on a row behind the soldiers, two points in front of the horses. Guns move like chariots, any distance orthogonally without jumping, but can only capture by jumping one piece, friend or foe, along the way of attack. The piece over which the gun jumps is called 炮臺 (trad.) / 炮台 (simp.) p'o t'i (cannon platform or screen). Any number of unoccupied spaces, including none, can exist between a gun, a screen and a figure to be captured. Guns can be exchanged for horses immediately from their starting positions. Soldiers are labeled as 卒 (pawn or private) for black and 兵 by the soldier) for red. Each side starts with five soldiers. The soldiers begin the game, located at each other point one row back from the edge of the river. They move and capture, moving on to one point. Once they have crossed the river, they can also move and capture one point horizontally. Soldiers cannot move backwards and therefore cannot retreat; After advancing to the last rank of the board, however, the soldier can still move sideways on the edge of the enemy. The soldier is sometimes called the pawn of English-speaking players, because of the similarity of the parts. The approximate relative value of parts of Xiangqi is a popular weekend activity in Beijing. Piece of Point (s) Soldier Before Crossing River 1 after crossing the River 2 Counselor 2 Elephant 2 Horse 4 Cannon 41/2 Chariot 9 These approximate values do not take into account the position of the part in question (except for the soldier in the general sense), the position of other parts on the board, or the number of parts remaining. Other general scoring rules: A horse plus a gun is usually better than two horses or two guns. The chariot is not only the strongest part, but also is usually stronger than any combination of two minor parts (horse/gun). When the relative values of parts of both sides are approximately overt, the face with more chariots generally has an advantage, especially when one side has a chariot and one side does not (Chinese: 有⾞壓無⾞). However, the chariot is not particularly strong in the main endgames: For example, the chariot against 2 advisors and 2 elephants are usually a draw, while if the offensive side instead has two horses or even three unadvancized soldiers it is a victory. In earlier stages, the gun is stronger than the horse. In the endgame, the horse is stronger as an attacking piece, but the gun usually has the best defensive ability. Soldiers' values vary at different stages of the game. In the opening and mid-game, initiative and mobility parts often require the sacrifice of soldiers. At these stages, soldiers closer to the average dossier tend to be more valuable because they can effectively join the crime. With several attacking figures on the board, soldiers have more power and can cross the river more easily. At this stage, advanced soldiers tend to be less powerful because soldiers cannot step back. In the main endgames, three soldiers starting in the 7th rank are roughly equal to the chariot: they can force a victory over 2 counselors and 2 elephants, or a horse/gun plus 2 elephants, while instead of a chariot can not, and the chariot can not force victory over three soldiers of the 7th rank when well protected. Notation there are several types of notation used to record xiangqi games. In each case, the moves are moderate and written with the same common pattern. (first move) (first answer) (second move) (second answer)... It's clearer, but you don't need to write each pair move on a separate line. System 1 of the China Chess Book describes a move notation method in which the rows of the board are measured from 1 to 10 from the nearest to the furthest far away, and then the figure from 1 to 9 for files from right to left. Both values are relative to the moving player. The moves are then listed as : The name of the piece (former rank)- new rank new file, so the most common discovery in the game will be written as: 炮 (32)-35 ⾺ (18)-37 System 2 Name Abkr. Pieces Counselor Guns C Chariot R' Elephant E General G Horse H Soldier S, because the use of C will conflict with the letter for the gun notation partially described in the Chinese Chess Manual and used by several computer software implements, the moves in relative terms read: single-pointing part acronym (former file) indicating the direction of the new file movement, or in the case of purely vertical movement, the number of series traversed of the file number is counted to the right of each player to the left of each player. If there are two identical parts in the same file, characters (front) and (rear) are used instead of the previous file number. The direction of movement is indicated through the operator's symbol. The plus sign is used to refer to moving forward. The minus sign is used to indicate reverse movement. A point or a period or equal sign is used to indicate horizontal or lateral movement. For a part that moves diagonally (such as a horse or elephant), a plus or minus sign is used rather than a period. Thus, the most common discovery in the game will be written as: C2.5 H8'7 According to the notes of the World Federation of Xiangchi (WXF) for the case of tandem pawns, when the file has (tandem pawns) zgt;x3, there is no need to specify P for the pawn. Instead, the pawn position in the tandem line is used as the first integrator (most pawns are marked as 1 in front). The second integer will be the file on which it was on. It would also solve the problem of two sets of tandem pawns on two different files beautifully. Thus, the notation to move the average pawn (3 tandem pawns in the file) on the 5th file in the 4th file will be: 25'4 In the old books written in Chinese the system is the same, except that: the names of the parts are written in Chinese; The name of the gun on both sides of the 炮; The name of the horse on both sides ⾺; Forward movement is indicated with 進 (pronounced j'n); Reverse movement is indicated from 退 (tue); Sideways motion is indicated from the 平 (p'ng); and the numbers are written in Chinese either for both players or only for black players. Thus, the most common discovery in the game can be written as: 炮⼆平五 ⾺8進7 System 3 This system is unofficial and is mainly used by Western players. It's like algebraic notation for Western chess. Letters are used for files and numbers for rows. File A is to the left of the Red, and rank 1 is closest to Red. The point designation does not depend on which player moves; For both sides the a1 is the lowest left point on the Red side. The abbreviation one letter (former post) (capture of the indication) (new post) (check indication) (analysis) Part is abbreviated as in the not system 2, except that no letter is used for the soldier. The previous provision is specified only if necessary to distinguish between two identical parts that could make a move. If you have Same file, specify which rank is moving. If they have the same rank, specify which file is moving. If they do not share neither rank nor Then the file is specified. The capture is indicated on x. The symbol is not used to indicate a non-capture stroke. The check is indicated on I, double check on I, triple check on me, and quadruple check on I. Checkmate is listed on J. For analysis purposes, bad moves are specified ? and good moves!. They can be combined if the analysis is uncertain (!?? maybe either, but probably good; ???Probably bad) or repeated for accent (??? it's a disaster). Thus, the most common discovery in the game will be written as: Che3 Hg8 Example of a short game (early mate) is: Cbe3 Che8 Ch6? Cb4? Cxe7? Cexe4?? Che6s (see chart) Black mates and therefore loses. Red double cannons cannot be blocked and the general cannot move away from the electronic file. Gameplay Due to the size of the board and the low number of far parts, there is a tendency to battle to focus on a particular area of the board. (Clarification) Tactics See also: Xiangqi's chess tactics include several tactics common to playing chess family. Some common ones are briefly discussed here. When one part can attack more than one enemy piece, they split. The piece is pinned when it cannot move without exposing the more important part to capture. Only chariot pins exactly resemble pins in Western chess; pins by other parts in xiangqi take on many unique forms: guns can pin two pieces directly on one file or row, horses can pin because they can be blocked, and generals can pin because of the flying common rule. In the pins of horses and elephants, the fastening piece never attacks the pinned piece, while in the pin from the cannon, only one of the parts is directly attacked by the cannon. A general can only pin parts to an enemy general, and a pinning general cannot capture the pinned piece, since that would make it in check from the enemy general. The piece is strung when it is attacked and, moving, exposes a less important part that will be captured. Only guns and chariots can skewer. Fork Pin Skewer Red Horse (傌) on d5 forks black soldier (卒) on c7 and chariot (⾞) on e7. The black cannon (砲) on the e8 is fixed by a red chariot (俥) on e5. The red chariot (俥) on e5 string black overall (將) on e8 and chariot (⾞) on e10. When the general moves sideways to avoid capture, his chariot can be captured. The detected check occurs when the attacking unit moves so that it unlocks the line for the chariot, gun and/or horse to check the enemy general. A piece of disclosure check can safely move anywhere within its authority, regardless of whether the enemy has these squares protected. Double check occurs when two parts simultaneously threaten the enemy general. Unlike the Western chess checks, double check in xiangqi may be blocked, but the capture of one of the verified parts is not enough for threat (unless the general makes a takeover). Only blocked cases are either a chariot or a gun on the same file as the general, with a chariot serving as a screen for a gun, or two horses letting a check for another piece unlocks the attack from both. Double checks supplied by other means are not blocked. Unique to xiangqi is the triple check, which occurs in four combinations. In the first case of a gun, chariot or soldier, and a horse, the horse moves to give a check, revealing a double check from the chariot and cannon. In the second, less common case of a chariot or soldier and two horses, the chariot moves to give a check, revealing a double check from two horses. In the third case of two guns and two horses, one gun can reveal a double check from the horses and act as a screen for the other gun. Finally, a chariot or soldier can move to give a check by revealing a check from a horse, acting as a platform for the gun to give another check. A four-seater check is also possible, arising from two horses, a chariot and a gun. Triple and quadruple checks cannot be blocked. Triple check is a quadruple check of the Triple Check, the alternative position of the Red Horse (傌) has gone from e5 to d7, giving a check and exposing a double check from the chariot (俥) to e3 and cannon (炮) to e2. The red chariot (俥) went from f9 to e9, giving a check and exposing a triple check from the cannon (炮) to e7 and both horses (傌) to f8 and g9. Replacing the chariot with a gun or removing the horse produces a triple check. The red chariot (俥) has gone from f9 to e9, finding two checks from both horses (傌) on f8 and g9 and gives a check of itself. As a rule, soldiers do not support each other until the endgame, because from the starting position it takes at least five soldier moves to provide mutual protection between the two of them, and they are often prone to capture by other parts. Soldiers, horses, guns and chariots can form formations that protect each other. However, lining chariots should be done with caution, as it risks losing one chariot to the bottom of the enemy. Horses that support each other are called connected horses (Chinese: 連環⾺), which is relatively safe the formation of horses, although it can still be threatened with a soldier, chariot plus the other a minor part, or a part blocking one of the horses thus making protection one-sided. It is common to use guns to independently control specific rows and files. Using a gun to control a middle file is often considered a vital strategy because it pins pieces such as advisers and elephants. The two files adjacent to the middle file are also considered important, and horses and chariots can be used to click on the mat there. Since the general is generally safer in his original before the endgame phase, attacking usually involves forcing a general out of his original position with verification or threats. Thus, specific points and formations are very important in xiangqi. For the attacking (red) horse the most fatal are c9 and g9 (Chinese: 臥槽⾺), especially since without proper protection a fast assistant can follow with an extra chariot or gun. Liang vs. , 1982 Because of the two-part pin, the centerless black horse became a liability, not an asset. For a gun, one of the most fatal formations is the exposed gun (Chinese: 空⼼炮), where the gun directly controls the middle file without other parts between the gun and the general. This formation is particularly dangerous, as the defensive side cannot move any piece in front of the gun; While with the extra cannon joining the attack, the mat can follow in place, and with an extra rook, the defensive side can mount a double check (with a rook in front of the gun) and then a windmill, often winning at least a piece afterwards. If the defensive side cannot drive away the gun or grab it, it must move forward to avoid these threats, leaving the general vulnerable to attack. Another fatal formation, called the cannon-driven centroid horse (Chinese: 炮鎮窩⼼⾺, chart on the right), also requires particularly poor coordination of enemy units. In the diagram, Black's center horse occupies the center of the palace, blocking his own general and black advisers, and clinging to the general with a red gun, unable to move. The black gun on e8 is also pressed to its own general; it, too, is unable to move and restricts the movement of the two black elephants, making them unable to protect each other. Such education in the middle game often produces deadly threats to strangled comrades, while in the endgame, as in the chart, the Red Gun cannot be driven away, making the general black, advisers, guns on e8, and the horse all constantly unable to move. Even though that black to minor piece, Red has a clear victory: The game concluded 41.Hg7 (forking the elephant and pinned cannon and creating a threat of mating) Eg10 42.Hh9 Ci9 43.Hf8 Cf9 (if not for other black guns, it's an instant helper) 44.Hxg6, and black retired: black only active piece (gun on f9) is absolutely helpless to stop the Red Horse and Red Soldier that will soon invade the palace. The overall defensive configuration is to leave the general in its original position, deploy one advisor and one elephant at two points directly in front of the general, and leave the other adviser and the elephant in their starting positions, toward the general. In this installation, a pair of elephant advisers support each other, and the general is immune from gun attacks. Loss of any of makes the general vulnerable to guns, and installation may need to be required The protector can move advisers or elephants away from the general, or even donate them intentionally to prevent a gun attack. Reds teammates in 11 Decision: 1.Rh10 1. ... Eig10 gets mate faster: 2.Rgxg10 Af10 (Exg10 3.Rxg10 ) 3.Rxf10 Ge9 4.Rh9. 1. ... Eeg10 gets into mating at once with 2.Rhxg10 1. ... Af10 2.Rh9 Afe9 3.Rg10 Af10 4.Rg9 Afe9 5.Rh10 Again both 5. ... Eig10 and 5. ... Eeg10 results in faster companions. 5. ... Af10 6.Re9!! Brilliant smothered-check causing the move. If it's six. ... Gxe9 7. Rh9' 6. ... Adxe9 7.Rh9 Eeg10 8.Rxe9 (chariot untouchable with legal moves) Gd10 9.Re10 Gd9 10.d8 Gxd8 11.Rd10 Please note that if red plays 4.Re9? Instead, Red can't force a mate: 4.... Adxe9 5.Rg9 Eig10 and Red can't play Rxe9 on the next step because the chariot is then not supported by the common, and Black can just play Gxe9. The purpose of using a g-chariot to give a check is to place the h-chariot on the h9 point, blocking the Eig10 black. Long sequences of checks leading to mating or receiving material are common in both chess compositions and the real game. An experienced xiangqi player will often have to calculate a few steps, or even dozens of steps forward for a forced sequence. In the chart on the right, Black has an immediate mating threat that cannot be parried, forcing the red to check black at every turn. Although it requires 11 moves to mate, his general idea is clear: induce a strangled check by sacrificing a chariot in the center of the palace (e9), then forcing the blacks to open the central file, allowing the red general to help the attack, and finally mate when confronted by the generals. Holes Are the most common pair of moves, as the left and right flanks of the starting setup are symmetrical, it is customary to make the first move on the right flank. Starting from the left flank is considered unnecessarily confusing. The most common discovery is moving the gun to the central column, a hole known as 當頭炮 (trad.) / 当头炮 (simp.) d'ng t'u po or central gun. The most common answer is to move a horse on the same flank. Together, this move and response is known for rhyming 當頭炮.⾺來跳 (trad.) / 当头炮.⻢来跳 (simp.) d'ng t'u po, mǎ l'i ti'o. Notation for this 1. 炮 (32)–35, ⾺ (18)–37, 1. C2.5 H8-7, or 1. Che3 Hg8 (chart on the right). After Black 1. ... H8'7 (Hg8) the answer, the game can develop into a variety of holes, the most common of which is 屏⾵⾺ (trad.) / 屏⻛⻢ (simp.) or Screen Horses (defense), in which Black develops another horse to further protect his average pawn (... H2'3 or ... Hc8) either immediately on his second move, or later when Black transposes the game in this opening. Alternative common first steps black develop either guns (1...... Che8, or 1. ... C2.5/1. ... Cbe8); Please note that after any of these steps, steps, Central soldier with a gun (2. C5-4 or 2. Cxe7) is a beginner trap that prevents the development and coordination of The Reds' works if black plays correctly (e.g. 1. Che3 Che8 2. Cxe7???? Ade9 3. Hg3 Hg8 4. Ce5 Rh10, when the black rook develops first, and the loss of the average black pawn actually allowed the black horses to occupy the center on the following moves). Other common first moves of the Red include moving the elephant to the central column (1. Ege3), pushing the soldier on the third or seventh file (1. c5), moving the horse forward (1. Hg3), and moving either gun into a 4th or 6th (d- or F-) file (1. Chd3 or 1. Chf3). Compared to the holes of the Central Gun, these holes are usually less limited by the theory. General advice for opening involves the rapid development of at least one chariot and putting it on open files and rows, as it is the most powerful piece with long range attack. There is a saying that only a poor player does not move the chariot in the first three moves (Chinese: 三步不出⾞,必定要輸棋); however, this should not be taken literally, and is in fact often broken in modern Xiangqi games. (quote necessary) Assault and protection center, especially central soldiers / central pawns, are common themes in the opening, hence the central holes of the gun. Typically, at least one horse must be moved to the middle to protect the central soldier; however the undefended central soldiers can also become poisoned pawns in early moves, especially if the attacking side does not have an immediate follow-up to retain the pressure on the central file. Xiangqi's Middlegame strategy shares common themes with chess, but has some differences: Occupying the center is relatively less important in xiangqi, but controlling and attacking the middle file is still one of the vital themes. Since the middle file is often well protected, players will seek to establish an offense on any of the flanks on the opponent's side, especially when the defense of one flank is neglected. The importance of the formation of pawns in xiangchi and chess is different. In xiangqi, soldiers (pawns) are often pushed to avoid blocking their own horses, and it is often for them to protect each other (as opposed to the western chess pawn chain). Successfully getting a soldier to cross the river as an attacking force can often tilt the scales of the middlegame by a wide margin. In a high-level game, initiative is very important, and a small mistake can doom the game. Donations are common in xiangqi, but they are more often tactical rather than positional. Typically, no smaller piece sacrifices for positional advantages, or semi-tactical attack. Endgame Although xiangqi endgames require remarkable skill to play well, there are a number of well-known winning books and book draws. Without an analogue for pawnshop promotion, the endgames instead focus more directly on the coercion of a mate or a dead end, and in this respect resemble a slow chess endgame. Since stalemate is a loss for a stalemated player instead of a draw, most draws books in xiangqi are due to fortresses, with few draws because of insufficient material. The general rule in xiangqi endgame for the advantageous side is that when there is less material on the board, do not trade pieces easily, as with fewer attacking pieces on the board, the defense is easier (unlike Western chess, where it is almost always advantageous to trade pieces when on the material). Hence, if a certain type of endgame can transfer, by trade parts, to another type of endgame that is a book to win, then this endgame itself is a book to win. Tsugzang's xiangqi endgame Red wins on both sides to move. Induction zugzwang is an important theme in winning simple endgames, and almost exclusively in simple endgames. In general - the soldier against the general endgame shown on the right, the first main goal of Red is to occupy the middle file. Red wins with 1. Gd1, waiting to move, and black is in zugzwang. Black should start at 1. ... Ge8 is like 1. ... Ge10 instantly loses after 2. f9 . After 1. ... Ge8 2. f9 Gf8 3. e9 Ge8 4. d9 Gf8 5. Ge1, the red general successfully occupies the middle file. The game will end with 5. ... Gf9 6. e9, and regardless of black response, 7. Ge2 (obsolete) mates with black and thus wins the game. Mutual zugzwang: The one who moves first loses. Mutual zugzvang is possible, but very rarely and usually occurs in the endgame of compositions. In this endgame shown on the right, the one who moves loses, because when either of the two generals moves to an open D- or F-file, the mate in 1 is threatened by this step, while the player moving only helps the enemy general take one of the files. For example, Red can only move two of his soldiers if he wants to move. Moving a f- (or d-) soldier allows an enemy general to borrow a f-file (d-file). Even if one. fe9' Gf10 2. d10, when the red threatens the mate in 1, Black is still mates immediately with any 2. ... fe2 or 2. ... f1. Soldier (pawn) endgame Red play wins; Black play draws. The soldier, until he reaches the opposite rank, wins from the naked general easily. With any extra defensive piece on the defensive side, it's a draw; However, soldier vs. counselor requires skill to play well. Two intruders (i.e. in the 6th or 7th rows) are won by soldiers from the following combinations: two advisors, two elephants, a naked horse/gun. A general draw against one ea plus one elephant, or horse/gun plus the defending part. Three unadvanced soldiers win against the following combinations: All 4 defensive pieces (2 Plus 2 elephant, Chinese: ⼠象全), horse plus two advisors / two elephants, gun plus two elephants. The horse endgame Red play wins with 1. Hd7, preventing from getting on the opposite flank, and thus placing Black in zugzwang (1...Gd9 loses fork 2.Hb8 , and after 1...Ea8, 2.Hb8 puts black in zugzwang again and the elephant is lost on the next step). Black play draws with 1. ... Ee8. The naked horse defeats the naked ea, but not the naked elephant. Horse plus unadvanced soldier wins against both combinations of three defensive parts, or any combination of the minor part plus the defensive part except the horse and the elephant. This combination draws against all four defensive parts. Horse plus advanced soldier (on the 8th or 9th rank) draws against any combination of 3 defensive units, but the defense requires accurate positions. A horse plus a soldier on the 10th rank beats two advisers, or one counselor plus one elephant. This combination draws against two elephants. A horse plus two soldiers can beat one mino of a minor, one counselor and two elephants. With an extra adviser on the defensive side, this is a book draw. Two horses win off all four defensive pieces, or any combination of minor pieces plus 2 defensive pieces, except for the cannon 2 elephants. Cannon Endgame After 1. Ge3, Black should lose the EA, as 1...Gd9 meet 2.Ae2 . Note that after 1. ... Ge10 2. Cxd8, taking a gun with Axd8 is illegal as an adviser pinned on his general (generals can't collide with each other on the same file). A naked cannon, or an elephant gun, cannot defeat a naked general because of insufficient material. Guns need defensive parts for cooperation, especially adviser. To defeat two advisers or one elephant gun requires only one adviser. Meanwhile, even with all four defensive pieces, this book is a draw against two elephants, one counselor and one elephant, one soldier and one counselor, or any minor piece. A cannon with all 4 defensive units needs at least an extra soldier to win against 4 defensive units. A bare gun with a soldier on the 6th rank wins against any combination of 2 defensive units. Gun - 4 defensive figures - 2 intruders, usually draw against one insignificant figure - 4 defensive figures. But if the defensive side lacks one piece, it's a book win. Equestrian endgames This type of endgame is considered one of the most complex endgames. The well-known book wins and book draws are: Horse and Gun 4 defensive pieces against minor pieces vs. 4 defensive pieces: Victory if a minor piece of horse (the attacking side doesn't need all 4 defensive pieces to win), a draw if it's a gun. With the same combination of two minor parts and all 4 defensive pieces on both sides, you need two extra soldiers to book a win. If both sides have two minor and 4 defensive parts, and the advantegeous side has only one additional soldier, then regardless of the combination of two minor parts, this book draw. Chariot Endgame Figure Figure for chariot vs horse and 2 elephants. Other defensive positions, in addition to the symmetrical variation of this position, tend to lose: if, instead, the elephant on g6 was on the g10, then the red play wins starting with one. Rb7. Single Endgame Chariots: One chariot usually can't win against four defensive parts, but with 3 or fewer defensive parts, it's a forced victory. Chariot vs. one minor piece plus 2 defensive pieces: Winning if 2 defensive pieces are not the same, or if a combination of a horse and two advisors. If the defensive side has a horse and two elephants, a specific fortress is needed to draw. Chariot vs. one minor piece plus 3 defensive figures: draw. Chariot against two minor parts without defensive parts: a draw, but requires good defensive positions. Chariot and soldiers (uninvited): Chariot and soldier, with enough defensive parts on its own side, wins from the chariot plus the ea, chariot plus two elephants, or chariot plus soldiers. Chariot and soldier wins against any 2 minor parts and 2 advisers. This combination also wins against the horse 4 defensive parts, but not the cannon 4 defensive parts. Chariot and Soldier vs. 2 unadvanced soldiers and 4 defensive units: If the offensive side does not have a defensive piece, it is a draw because 2 enemy soldiers can still be a formidable force. If the offensive side has one adviser, it's a victory. Chariot No. 2 soldiers can not force victory over chariot 4 defensive parts. In this endgame, both attackers and defenders require great skill. Chariot and horse: Chariot plus horse needs one advisor on his own side to win against chariot plus two advisors. Chariot and horse vs. chariot and two elephants: With enough defensive parts for the attacking side, it is usually a victory if the limit of the course is not taken into account. Chariot and Gun: Chariot plus gun can not defeat the naked chariot, as long as the protection chariot takes the middle file. However, with any extra defensive piece on the attacking side, it's a win. Chariot and gun 2 ea would have won from the chariot and two elephants. Chariot and Gun - 4 defensive figures against chariot - 4 defensive figures: Draw. Two chariots: Two chariots against chariots and 4 defensive figures: a draw with good defensive positions. Two chariots against the chariot - the secondary part - 2 defensive figures: The only combination of drawings - chariot and gun - 2 advisers. Two chariots against 2 minor parts and 4 defensive parts: Victory if 2 minor parts 2 horses. The story of the game called xiangqi was mentioned as dated by the period States; according to the first century B.C. text, Shuo Yuan (說苑/说苑), it was one of Lord Mengchang's interests. But the rules of this game are not described, and it is not necessarily related to the modern game. Emperor Wu of North Chou wrote a book in 569 AD called Xiang Jing. It describes the rules of the rule themed games called xiangqi or xiangxi (象戲/象戏). The word xi'ngqe 象棋 translates as an ivory game or a figure of the game, because the Chinese 象 means elephant and figure; it originated as a stylized elephant drawing, and was used to write a word meaning a figure, probably because the two words were pronounced the same. For these reasons, Murray stated that in China, chess took over the board and the name of the game called 象棋 in the sense of Astronomical Game, which represented the explicit movements of astronomical objects visible to the naked eye in the night sky, and that the earliest Chinese references to 象棋 meant an astronomical game, not Chinese chess. Previous games called xi'ngq may have been based on the movements of celestial objects. However, the link between 象 and astronomy is insignificant and originated from constellations called figures in astronomical contexts where other figures were less likely; This use may have led some ancient Chinese authors to 象棋 game began as a simulation of astronomy. (quote needed) Xiangqi game pieces from the Song Dynasty (960-1279) In support of his argument, Murray quotes an old Chinese source who says that in the old xiangqi (which modern xiangqi may have adopted some of its rules) game pieces can be shuffled, which is not happening in the style xiangqi. Murray also wrote that in ancient China there were several games called xiangqi. Murray's alternative hypothesis is that Xiangchi was modeled after many troops during the Warring States. David H. Lee, for example, claims that the game was developed by Han Xin in the winter of 204 BC-203 BC to prepare for the upcoming battle. However, his theories were questioned by other chess researchers. The earliest description of the rules of the game appears in the story Shen Shen (岑順) in the collection Xuanguai lu (⽞怪錄), written in the middle part of the Tang Dynasty. With the economic and cultural development during the Tsing Dynasty, xiangqi entered a new phase. Many different school circles and players have come to prominence. With the popularization of xiangqi, many books and guides on the methods of playing the game have been published. They have played an important role in popularizing xiangqi and improving the methods of play in our time. The encyclopedia of Chinese chess discoveries in the Western style was written in 2004. Modern game European xiangqi board abcdefghi10998766555433221abcdefghizl Tournaments and League Although xiangqi has its origins in Asia, there are xiangqi leagues and clubs around the world. Every European nation usually has its own ruling league; for example, in the UNITED Kingdom xiangqi is regulated by the Chinese Chess Association of the United Kingdom. Asian countries also leagues such as the Malaysian Chinese Chess Association. In addition, there are several international federations and tournaments. The Chinese Xanzi Association hosts several tournaments every year, including Yin Li and Ram Cup tournaments. Other organizations include the Asian Xiangqi Federation and the Xiangqi World Federation, which stores tournaments and competitions bi-annually, with most limited to players from member countries. There are Europeanized versions of boards (10 × 9) and xiangqi figures. The ranking of the Asian Xiangchi Federation (AXF) and the respective member associations in the ranking of players in a format similar to Elo's chess rating system. According to Xiang'i DataBase, the top-ranked female and male players in China, as of June 2012, were Tang Deng and Jiang Chuan, with ratings of 2,529 and 2,667, respectively. Other strong players include Xiao Guangang (female), Xiu Yinchuan (male), Lu Tsin (male) and Wang Linna (female). The Asian Xiangchi Federation also grants the title of grandmaster to select people around the world who have excelled in xiangqi or have made a special contribution to the game. There are no specific criteria for becoming a grandmaster, and in September 1996 the list of grandmasters was less than a hundred people. (quote is necessary) Gm titles are donated by bodies such as AXF and the Chinese Xianzi Association (CXA). Computers The complexity of the game-tree xiangqi approximately 10150; in 2004 it was predicted that the man top player would be defeated before 2010. Xiangqi is one of the most popular computer vs computer competitions at computer Olympics. Computer programs for xiangqi show the same development trend as for international chess: they are usually console applications (so-called engines) that communicate their moves in text form through some standard protocol. To graphically display the board, they rely on a separate GUI. Thanks to such standardization, many different engines can be used through the same graphical interface, which can also be used to automatically play different engines against each other. Popular protocols are UCI (Universal Chess Interface), UCCI (Universal Chinese Chess Interface), Cianhung Protocol (HG) and WinBoard/XBoard (WB) (the last two are named after the GIIs that implemented them). Currently, there are many dozens of xiangqi engines supporting one or more of these protocols, including some commercial engines. (quote is needed) Variations blitz chess Every player has only about 5-10 minutes each. Manchurian chess was used during the Tsing Dynasty. Red horses, cannons and one of the chariots are absent, but the rest of the chariots can be played as horses and And. Delivery of chess similar to the Western version of chess chess Chess, this option has the ability to re-deploy captured parts, similar to the rule in the segue. Four players play as two-man teams in two games side by side. One teammate plays black and the other plays red. Any part obtained by capturing the opponent's shape is given to a teammate for use in another game. These pieces can be deployed by a teammate to give him an edge over another player, as long as the part starts on the player's own side of the board and does not cause the opponent to be under the bridle. Formation Like Fisher Random Chess, the figures of one player are placed randomly on one side of the river, except for generals and advisors who must be in their usual positions, and elephants that must start in two of the seven points they can usually reach. The other player's shapes are configured to reflect the first. All other rules are the same. Banqi This option is better known in Hong Kong than in mainland China. It uses xiangqi pieces and boards, but does not follow any of its rules, having no more resemblance to the western game , as well as the Chinese game Luzhanqi. Variations are played with special boards or pieces there are many versions of the three players xiangqi, or San xiangqui, all played on special boards. The San Go Chi Game of the Three Kingdoms is played on a special hexagonal board with three armies of xiangqi (red, blue and green) fighting for supremacy. The Y-shaped river divides the board into three gemstone- shaped areas, each containing a grid found on one side of the xiangqi board, but distorted to make the game delightful by three people. Each player has eighteen pieces: sixteen regular xiangqi, as well as two new ones that stand on the same rank as guns. The new parts have different names depending on their side: huo (fire) for red, (flag) for blue, and feng (wind) for green. They move two spaces orthogonally, then one space diagonally. Each general bear the name of the historic Chinese kingdom- Shu for red, for blue, and Wu for green-from-China Three Kingdom period. It is likely that Sang Go Chi first appeared during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). The San You Qi Chess of Three Friends was invented by Cheng Jinde of Shexian in Anhui Province during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Tsing Dynasty (1661-1722). It is played on a Y-shaped board with a full army of xiangqi pieces created at the end of each of the three wide radius boards. In the center of the board is a triangular zone with certain features, such as the ocean, mountain or city walls, each of which is impassable to certain parts. Two of the five army soldiers are replaced by new units called huo (fire) pieces that move one space diagonally forward. Two parts of the qi (flag) are located on the Corners of the palace; they move two spaces forward inside their own camp, the camp, then one space in any direction inside the enemy camp. Sanrenqi Three Men Chess is a bottomless commercial version, played on a cruciform board with some special rules, including a fourth, neutral country called Han. Khan has three Chariots, one gun, and one general named Emperor Xian Han, but these parts do not move and do not belong to any of the players until a certain point in the game when two players are the team against the third player. At this point the third player also gets to control Khan. Xi's Four Kingdoms Chess is also played on a bottomless, cruciform board, but with four players. Since there are no rivers, elephants can move freely on the board. The Game of The Seven Kingdoms is symbolically based on the period of warring states. Unicode's main article: Chess symbols Of Xiangqi pieces were added to the Unicode standard in June 2018 with the release of version 11.0. They appear in the Unicode Chess Symbols block, which is U-1FA00-U'1FA6F: Chess Symbols (U'1FA00-U-1FA6F: Chess Symbols) 1 '2'2 5 8 8 8 9 A B B E F U'1FA0x U'1FA1x U'1FA2x U-133FA U-1FA4x U-1FA5x U-1FA6x Notes 1. according to Unicode 13.0 2. Grey areas point to the unsalged code points of Popular Culture Game appearing in the early 17th century novel by Jin Ping Mei. In the first season, Episode 21 Faces of Interest, the main character John Reese plays a game with an old Chinese man. : Chinese chess on chessvariants.com and b Chinese chess rules on the clubxiangqi.com Asian Chinese Chess Rules. a b Heinrich, Sally (2007). The key to China. The Press training program. page 74. ISBN 978-1863666978. - 象棋简明规则 -- q棋院在线 (in Chinese). Received on May 27, 2014. The history of chess, p.120, footnote 3 says that Ssŭ-ma Kuang wrote in T'ung- kien nun in 1084 AD that Emperor Wen Sui (541-604) found in the hotel some foreigners play in tincture, whose pieces included a piece called I pai ti - white emperor; angry at this abuse of his title he kept in the hotel put to death. Lau, H.T. (1985). Values and use of parts. Chinese chess. Tuttle 28-30. ISBN 0-8048-3508-X. Leventhal, Dennis A. Chess China. Taipei, Taiwan: Mei Ya, 1978. (getCITED.org List Archive February 26, 2005, by Wayback Machine) - Wilkes, Charles Fred. A guide to Chinese chess. 1952 - Facts about the origin of Chinese chess. Banaschak.net. Received in 2011-10-01. History of Chess, p.122, footnote 12: In the biography of Le-Tsy. Emperor T'ay-Tsung (627-650) was puzzled by the phrase 太⼦洗⾺ t'ai-tze-si-ma (crown prince washes horses) in 周武帝三局象經 zhou Woody Sanju Xiangji (Three Games of Chou Woodi in Xiangjing); washing dominoes means shuffling them in modern Chinese; Ma or horse is used for parts in the game. The phrase probably meant the crown prince shuffled men. He consulted with Yang-Kung, who knew the phrase in his youth, but forgot it, and then with Liu-Tsyai. The latter, after an overnight review, explained the point, and restored the method of playing the astronomical game and the actual position. - History of Chess, p.122: The 32nd book of history of the T'ang dynasty (618-907) said that U-Ti wrote and wrote a book called San Ke Xiang King (Guide of the three xiangqi's). This theory is promoted in Chess Genealogy and Peter Banaszczak. The story well told is not necessarily true - being a critical assessment of David H. Lee's 'Genealogy of Chess'. Banaschak.net. Received 2011-10-01. 中国象棋开局编号-ECCO 2004. xqbase.com received on February 16, 2018. Stephen Leary; Bodlander, Hans (September 20, 1996). rec.games.chinese-chess frequently asked questions - 21 What are some of the best tournaments in the world?. Pages of the chess version. The Asian home page of the Xiangchi Federation includes English translations of asian tournament results, rules, etc. - Xiangchi World Federation. Wxf.org. Received in 2011-10-01. - - staff (June 2012). 2012 First half (female) Player Rankings. 01xq.com - Opening player. 01xq.com. was received on June 4, 2012. Staff (June 2012). 2012 First half (male) Player Rankings. 01xq.com - Opening player. 01xq.com. was received on June 4, 2012. Stephen Leary; Bodlander, Hans (September 20, 1996). rec.games.chinese-chess frequently asked questions - 22 Who are some of the strongest players in the world?. Pages of the chess version. Received on June 4, 2012. Yen, Chen, Yang, Hsu, 2004, Computer Chinese Chess Archive, June 14, 2007, at Wayback Machine. The results of the computer Competition can be found here: Bodlander, Hans; Stephen Leary; Cazaux, Jean-Louis; Ren Dong, Yu (March 18, 2009). Game of the Three Kingdoms. Pages of the chess version. Received August 31 a b c d Sanguo qi (Chess of the Three Kingdoms) - Sanyu Chi (Chess of three friends). Another look at chess: The Odyssey of Chess. Received on August 31, 2011. Golden Lotus: Translation, from the Chinese original, novel by Chin P'ing Mei Clement Egerton (volume 2 ed.). Singapore: Graham Brush (PTE) LTD. 1980. p. 234. IMDB: Many Happy Returns, Trivia Links Lau, H. T. (1985). Chinese chess. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3508-X. Leventhal, Dennis A. Chess China. Taipei, Taiwan: Mei Ya, 1978. (out of print, but can be partially downloaded) Lee, David H. Genealogy chess. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1998. ISBN 0-9637852-2-2. Murray, H. J. R. (1913). The History of Chess ISBN 0-19-827403-3. Wilkes, Charles Fred. A guide to Chinese chess. 1952. Further reading by Lee, David H. First Sillabus on Xianzi: Chinese Chess 1. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1996. ISBN 0-9637852-5-7. Li, David H. Xiangqi Syllabus on cannon: Chinese chess 2. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 1998. ISBN 0-9637852-7-3. Li, David H. Xiangqi Syllabus on the elephant: Chinese chess 3. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 2000. ISBN 0-9637852-0-6. Li, David H. Xiangqi Syllabus on the pawn: Chinese chess 4. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 2002. ISBN 0-9711690- 1-2. Li, David H. Xiangqi Syllabus on horseback: Chinese chess 5. Premier Publishing, Bethesda, Maryland, 2004. ISBN 0-9711690-2-0. Andrew Law; Wang, Xie Cheng. EarthWorms Tame the Dragon: The Xiangchi Game at the Asian Games, Art Of the Competition, edited by the Asian Society, 2004. (serious and updated reading about the history of xiangqi) Sloan, Sam. Chinese chess for beginners. Ishi Press International, San Rafael, Tokyo, 1989. ISBN 0-923891-11-0. External Commons links have media related to Xiangqi. Xiangqi League World Championships Learn Chinese Chess in English Rules, Discoveries, Strategies, Ancient Guides Introduction to Xiangqi for Xiangqi Chessmen, Chinese Chess Presentation, Rules, History and Options, by Jean-Louis Cazaux Xiangqi (象棋): Chinese Chess Hans Bodlaender, note. Fergus Dunijo, Chess Version Pages Are Derived from chinese chess board game. chinese chess board setup. chinese chess board rice story. chinese chess board printable. chinese chess board online. chinese chess board pdf. chinese chess board size. chinese chess board template

normal_5f8820e7452e2.pdf normal_5f8d81a14ee6e.pdf normal_5f8bb70a651c3.pdf tv paprika retete anna olson wdmcs infinite campus japan tv apk 13 may 1969 pdf download game gear club apk data comparison worksheet for grade 1 millionaire next door pdf basic chemistry timberlake 3rd editi mp4 hollywood movies with subtitles international relations by joshua goldstein elton john your song piano sheet tank recon 3d game apk download word file transfer to pdf online skripsi tentang manajemen pdf normal_5f8e07dfbc8cc.pdf normal_5f8e0627a38ab.pdf