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Mound Laboratory - - .. - -. -. - .. .. Mound Laboratory -- - Mound Laboratory (Mound ~acilit~)' ADDRESS: Monsanto Research Corporation1 Mound P.O. Box 32 Miamisburg, OH 45342 51 31865-4020 LOCATION: Miamisburg, Ohio, south of Day- ton; 180-acre site2 MISSION: The production of non-nuclear components of nuclear weapons, development of processes for the nuclear weapons program, and surveillance testing of explosive and nuclear components MANAGEMENT: GOCO facility operated for DOE by Monsanto Research Corpora- tion, a wholly owned subsidiary of Monsanto Chemical Company. Administered by Albuquerque Operations Office ESTABLISHMENT: Organization established 1948 in Dayton, Ohio; permanent facility construction begun 1947 BUDGET: $216.0 million, (FY 1986) PERSONNEL: 2364 (March 1985) Figure 29 Aerial View of Mound Facility FACILITIES; (see text) Historv Operations at Mound include disassembly, analysis ~oundLaboratory originated as a technical organi- and development of nuclear components containing tri- zation in 1943 in Dayton, Ohio, when Monsanto Chemi- tium, and &covery of wastes.4 ~ritiumis recovered from cal Company's Central Research Department took weapon components at Mound and repurified at Savan- responsibility for determining the chemical and metal- nnh Ri~er.~Mound's work with tritium began in 1954. lurgical properties of polonium for the Manhattan Engi- Mound is an integrated production and laboratory neer District. Construction of permanent facilities then facility. It fabricates ceramic components for actuators, called the Dayton Engineer Works, in Miamisburg, Ohio, igniters, and detonators; formulates pyrotechnic materi- began in 1947 and buildings were first occupied in 1948. als; and manufactures pyrotechnic devices. New facili- The plant was assigned new production and develop- ties for the development and production of ceramics ment functions in 1955, and oversight was shifted from were constrocted in the late 1970s. the Oak Ridge Operations Office.3 Laboratories are uniquely equipped for work on tri- tium technolorv.-,. radioactive heat sources. diaenostic- Nuclear Weapons Activities testing of explosive components, and the separation and Mound produces detonators, cable assemblies, purification of stable isotopes. explosively actuated timers and firing sets, command disable explosive components, and surveillance testing equipment. 1 initially called n.?yror F.nginw Works. 2 The site wcriootin? thu MinmiEiver is adju~eiHJu the lwe-.-tuuitical Indian mmdin the state, from which the namti Mound LibWiW Is derlvni. a An Introdu~tiouTu Mound. Monsointo Research CotpoKition, frIiamlebur~,Ohio. Apid 1983. Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume Ill 59 Mound Laboratory Nonweapon Activities Testing and Surveillance About 25 percent of the facilities at Mound are non- Studies of new detonator designs as well as tests of defense. current production items require the use of flash x-ray Mound provides a large number of enriched stable technology, interferometry, computer data reduction, [non-radioactive)isotopes and is the single DOE distribu- and other advanced diagnostic techniques. Explosive tor in the United States of stable isotopes for structural components are prepared, detonated, and evaluated in studies, precision calorimetry, and its applications to the Mound component test facility. This facility, which accurate measurements of the properties of radioactive occupies 23,000 square feet in four buildings, is built materials. Other uses are in agricultural biology, cryogen- around eight test cells where as many as seventy-five sep- ics, geology, and medicine. arate testing programs are available. Other major nonweapon activities are the produc- Surveillance of aged warhead components, many of tion of thermoelectric heat sources (plutonium-238) for which are returned to Mound for testing after several the U.S. space program8 and surveillance satellites; years in the nuclear weapon stockpile, gives component energy research including solar energy, fossil fuels, and designers important information on the long-term relia- thermite [chemical) heat sources; environmental bility of electrical parts and explosive compounds, Sur- research including tritium recovery technology; isotope veillance, electrical testing, disassembly, and test fire enrichment by chemical exchange; nuclear waste man- data obtained for non-nuclear components of nuclear agement; and work on nuclear materials safeguards for weapons at many locations throughout Mound are rec- the NRC. Current activities Include the recovery of tri- orded and stored in a central comnuter data base to audit tium from aqueous waste and the design, construction, the components as they move through the facility. and testing of a tritium storage and delivery system for Nondestructive testing [NIX) of ultrasonic, eddv the Tokamak fusion reactor at Princeton. current, dye penetrant, and leak testing techniques are used in the quality control program at Mound. The cali- Facilities fornium multiplier (CFX) neutron radiography facility The original explosive component test facility was permits onsite NUT inspection of sealed components. built in 1957 to support a single weapon system. Three The CFX facility, installed in 1977, produces quality additional detonator test cells, each capable of with- radiographs previously possible only with a nuclear standing a 10 lb TNT detonation, are under construction reactor as the neutron source. (starting FY 19841.7 Equipment at Mound includes an infrared laser and focusing system, laser welder, and BUDGET' Total DOE Defense positioner; also, volume measuring equipment and an Programs environmental test chamber. Mound has a building for [$ million): Fy DOE handling tritium. Analytical capabilities include atomic 1981 87.9 77.3 absorption spectrophotometry, infrared spectrometry, 1982 118.2 89.9 neutron activation analysis, and electron microscopy. 1983 134.7 124.8 Mound has developed techniques for the laser iso- 1984 161.6 151.3 tope separation of tritium from aqueous waste and a pilot 1985 198.4 186.2 electrolysis system for recovering tritium from water. 1986 216.0 202.0 DOE has implemented a program to provide a partial backup of the SRP's tritium container filling capability ASSETS Capital investment and equip- by providing functionally similar facilities at the Mound ment, $116.8 million [FY 1980). Plant. Ninety-five buildings total Mound has equipment for forming and molding 880,000 square feet of floor space plastics and precision machining capabilities for (19831. fabrication of metal and nonmetal parts. It is implement- ing a program for computer aided design and manufac- turing (CADICAM). It has a graphics system for automated machine tool programming, and computer controlled machine tools are being installed for special- ized operations. fi Thermoelectric -ration in supporl of rim NASA Gulileo program and International 8 An Iiilriiiiucliun ti> Munnd, 0.cit.; Utimatetl costsfrom DO& VV 1936BudgetR~quest Solar Polar Mission [ISPht): MAC. FY 191" EWOA, Part 4, p. e75- Ertimatw for Labs/Planl~,Officed the Controller, Febniary 1BB5, pp. 55.56. 7 KAC, IVY 1985 EWUA, Part 4. p. 324. 60 Nuclear Weapons Databunk, Volume Ill Mound Laboratory Total PERSONNEL? End FY Personnel 1971 1808 1833 1830 1974 1731 1975 [Sep) 1575 1976 1567 1977 1675 1978 1690 1979 1714 1980 1811 1981 1910 1982 2060 1983 2161 1984 2302 1985 (Mar) 2364 Nuclear Weapons Databank, Volume Ill 61 Nevada Test Site Nevada Test Site (NTS)' Figure 30 find r.!!,: l~i-ui^iralun=incufl? ri..ir rag m,?~of canle !!eir.J.Tne irstr-~mcntatio-ra;k I; 11 the lovdi- ~w'IU.S~zs!ci,-n=£ LTS- NOw I I transiii: te';i intcr,nnt.i-~n:o n~qrni~tir.:-ait-r!. t;ii-b 'ror P.T- er .,irtcrqroi.nc tests dot :i~lerdszaps ADDRESS: US. Department of Energy nuclear weapons laboratories. The Nevada Operations Office NTS is also used by the United 2753 South Highland Drive Kingdom as a test site. P.O. Box 14100 Las Vegas, NV 89114 MANAGEMENT; Administered by Nevada Opera- 702/295-1000 (295-3521, Public tions Office (see text for list of con- Affairs] tractors] LOCATION: Adjacent to Nellis Air Force Base ESTABLISHMENT: Chosen as continental proving and training area, about 65 miles ground in December 1950; first northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada; nuclear test 27 January 1951 1350-square-mile site; ATLAS fa- cilities at North Las Vegas used for BUDGET: $484 million, [FY 1986) management support, pretest stag- ing. and diagnostic activities PERSONNEL: 8414 (March 1985) MISSION: Field testing of nuclear weapons FACILITIES: Nuclear weapons testing and diag- to determine their effectiveness nostic facilities and capability in support of the 1 Formerly purlof Lie Vugas BcinMiigand Gunnery Range, thenSite Mercury, thenNfi~Btiu ProvilmGround. 62 Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume Ill Nevada Test Site History ment program. In February 1962 this area was designated The Nevada Test Site was chosen as a continental the Nuclear Rocket Development Station (NRDSj. The proving ground in December 1950. The first nuclear test hot cells and remote handling equipment of the Engine at NTS was conducted on 27 January 1951. The Nevada Maintenance, Assembly, and Disassembly Building (E- Operations Office (NV) was created and assumed respon- MAD) at the NRDS site are currently used to prepare sibility for operations and programs at NTS on 6 March unprocessed spent nuclear fuel from commercial power 1962 when nuclear testing became a year-round effort.2 reactors for surface and subsurface dry storage experi- ments. Tests include placement of canned
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