DOCSLIB.ORG

Decorated Etruscan Stone Sarcophagi a Chronological and Bibliographical Appendix to R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Decorated Etruscan Stone Sarcophagi a Chronological and Bibliographical Appendix to R BABesch 76 (2001) Decorated Etruscan Stone Sarcophagi A Chronological and Bibliographical Appendix to R. Herbig, Die jüngeretruskischen Steinsarkophage (Berlin 1952) L.B. van der Meer Most Etruscan stone sarcophagi of the last four cen- dated after the mighty battle between the Romans turies B.C. have been published in a well illustrated and a coalition of groups of Samnites, Umbrians, catalogue by R. Herbig in 1952. Most of them have Etruscans and Gauls at Sentinum (Umbria) in 295 not been dated by him, or only very tentatively. B.C. The Tomba della Pellegrina at Chiusi, belonging Many articles, (hand)books on Etruscan art, corpora to a Sentinate family, contains sarcophagi and urns, (CIE), dictionaries (ET, ThesLE) and the LIMC all datable after c. 290 B.C. Two urns show Celto- mention sarcophagi but usually assign them a very machies, that, just like the name Sentinate, may generic date if at all. The dates proposed by different refer to Sentinum, as suggested by Maggiani.6 Most scholars vary from twentyfive to one hundred and sarcophagi from Vulci are datable before 280 B.C., fifty years for individual sarcophagi.1 It is difficult to when Rome conquered this city. The few sarcophagi find comprehensively and quickly the most reliable from Orvieto, most probably to be identified with dates in recent literature. What follows, is intended Volsinii veteres, can be dated to before the Roman therefore as an updated Appendix to Herbig’s cata- destruction in 264 B.C. logue and some other publications, concerning sar- The Appendix (see below) consists of four sections: cophagi, the chests of which are decorated with Section H: sarcophagi published by R. Herbig; painted representations and/or scenes in relief. Since Section G: sarcophagi published by K.-P. Goethert, 1952 research carried out on tomb contents and new but not mentioned by Herbig; excavations of tombs have shed more light on chro- Section CU: sarcophagi edited by M. Moretti and nology. It appears that the dates proposed by K.-P. A.M. Sgubini Moretti; Goethert, Typologie und Chronologie der jünger- Section O: other sarcophagi not mentioned in sec- etruskischen Steinsarkophage (diss. Berlin 1974) are tions H, G or CU. too low.2 The production of stone sarcophagi with Each catalogue number mentions respectively the decorated chests took place mainly between c. 350 place of preservation, the find-spot and, if known, the and 200/180 B.C. Some exceptional items may be name of the tomb, data absent or incorrectly entered dated to around 400 B.C.3 After c. 200 B.C. chests of in former publications, the proposed date, the bibli- stone sarcophagi were rarely decorated. The study ography, and literature on the inscription(s), including of sarcophagi is important because of the relation- H. Rix, Etruskische Texte. Editio Minor I-II, Tübingen ships between the production centres, stylistic devel- 1991.7 Publications already cited by Herbig, are not opments and thematic shifts in the fourth and third repeated. All abbreviations of publications can be centuries B.C., and the status and mentality of the found in the Bibliography8 after the Appendix. deceased. Using and calibrating the chronological studies by 1 Cristofani 1988, 71 n. 38. Cristofani 1989, 610 n. 49. G. Colonna, of M. Moretti/A.M. Sgubini Moretti 2 The same can be said for the chronological studies of Thimme (eds.), I Curunas di Tuscania (1983), and many other (1954; 1957). It seems that Steuernagel (1998) has averaged the specialist publications, based on tomb contents high and low dates. 3 See below, Appendix H83. As for H22, see Colonna 1985, 121. and/or formal, stylistic, antiquarian, thematic, epi- Both should be dated, in my opinion, after c. 350 B.C. graphic, palaeographic, and genealogical data I have 4 Chests without relevant lids are difficult to date. tried to date, as far as possible,4 all known c. 150 5 The clustering of sarcophagi with similar characteristics was decorated sarcophagus chests and pertinent lids. The done using dBase III+. chronological limit for such dating is a quarter of a 6 Maggiani 1990, 297-217. See also Colonna 1993, 346. H14 5 (from Chiusi) with a Celtomachia scene also belongs to a century (c. one generation). I have also aimed to Sentinate. About Celtomachiae see also Maggiani, in Artigianato update the bibliography of every single sarcophagus, 1985, 119 and Steingräber 1998, 91-98. including dates which differ from the most reliable, 7 Rix does not refer to Herbig (1952) or other archaeological publications on sarcophagi. My Appendix can also serve as sup- recent research results. Apart from the data mentioned, plement to Rix’s Konkordanz in ET I, 246-320. historical events may provide a terminus post or ante 8 The Bibliography on Etruscan stone sarcophagi is as complete quem. Sarcophagi with Celtomachia scenes can be as possible. 79 Other abbreviations are: HS = Hallensarkophage; Parastadensarkophagus (PT), found with fragments HT-type = Holztruhentypus; PT = Parastadentypus; of a gable-roof lid. The chest is decorated in relief on FT= Fassadentypus. four sides. The scenes on the long sides are flanked Bo = Bolsena; Bom = Bomarzo; Ch = Chiusi; Mu by winged, male demons. It was found together with = Musarna; No = Norchia; Orv = Orvieto; S. Gi = two Faliscan red figure vases, which can be dated San Giuliano; Ta = Tarquinia; Tu = Tuscania; Vit = to the end of the fourth century B.C. Viterbo; Vo = Volterra; Vu = Vulci. L. = left. R. = To the Parastaden-type belong: H70 (Vu), H73 right. Cap. = inscription in the capital alphabet (see (Orv), H99 (Ta), H100 (Ta), G15 (Vu). The latest below). Amazonomachy sarcophagi are H120, the so called Sarcophagus of the Magnate, with his head slightly turned to the viewer, and CU I, 2, the lid figure of CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY which also turns his head to the observer. The folds of the mantle on his left stretched leg are straight The development of decorated sarcophagus chests (cf. hereafter H193). and lids can be broadly divided in 6 periods: from The second theme, the Tierkampf, occurs in other c. 350 to 300, the period around 300, from c. 300 to Etruscan art genres. It is found on tomb paintings, 275, from c.275 to 250, from c. 250 to 225, and vase paintings, the Bronze Lamp of Cortona, and on from c. 225 until the beginning of the second cen- Apulian red figure vases from after c. 350 B.C. M. tury B.C. Cristofani dated the Tierkampf paintings in the Tomba François between c. 340 and 310 B.C. The a) The period from c. 350 to 300 B.C. latest examples of Tierkampf sarcophagi are H84 and H193 which show lid figures slightly turning Between c. 350 and 300 B.C. the lids have a gable- their head and upper body towards the observer. roof or they show figures lying flat on their back. They may be dated at the end of the fourth century Many chests belong to the Holzkasten- or Holztruhen- B.C. H193 shows a pattern of straight folds on the typus (HT-type), which imitate wooden chests. The left stretched leg of the lid figure. This pattern is form may be of Greek origin; it is known from many characteristic of a group of sarcophagi belonging to fourth century B.C. items from Kerch and Alexandria the period of c. 300 to 275 B.C. H84 is a HT-type; (Watzinger 1905). On one or more sides is a small on the left and right of the long sides winged demons rectangular recession which originally may have had in high relief are frontally rendered. Especially inter- a painted decoration (cf. O5). Funerary stone beds esting is G76 (without lid) from the Tomba delle in the Tomba Giglioli at Tarquinia offer an interest- Amazzoni at Tuscania. Under the sarcophagus an ing point of reference. The wallpaintings in the tomb aes grave of 262 gram was found. This coin, from have been dated by Steingräber to the second half a local mint, is dated between c. 300 and 280 B.C. of the fourth century B.C. It does not necessarily provide a terminus post quem To the Holztruhen-type belong: H22 (Orv), H62 as K.-P. Goethert proposes. It indicates the moment (Bom), H72 (Orv), H74 (Ch), H84 (Bom), H92, in or after which the chest was placed in the tomb. H93, H94 (Ta), H102, H103, H104, H127, H193, For stylistic reasons A.M. Sgubini Moretti dates the G104 (No), 05 (S. Gi), 06 (No). H90 (S. Gi) is a chest between c. 330 and 320 B.C. It must have transitional type. Its short sides have recessions; its been made during the lifetime of the deceased, a front shows figures in appliqué style between two custom known from Roman sarcophagi too. The cornices. With possibly one exception9 lids on HT- chest shows tiny columns at three corners. It seems sarcophagi have a gable-roof or show flatly extended to be a forerunner of the so called Hallensarkophage recumbent figures. One item with a gabled lid has (HS), which were made around 300 B.C. (see been found in the Sperandio necropolis at Perugia.10 below). Three main themes occur, sometimes together, on The third theme, antithetical demons rendered in one chest: the Amazonomachy (sometimes painted), appliqué style on the left and right of the long the Tierkampf (animal battle), and antithetical death side(s) of the chests, occurs on H62 (HT-type), H70 demons on the left and right of the long side(s) of a (PT), H73, H84, H188, H241, G105, O1 and O6. chest. These themes disappear after c.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Etruscans in the Context of European Identity
    Phasis 15-16, 2012-2013 Ekaterine Kobakhidze (Tbilisi) Etruscans in the Context of European Identity The so-called cultural factor has a decisive role in European identity. It is common knowledge that the legacy of Antiquity made a significant contribution to shape it. Numerous fundamental studies have been devoted to the role of the ancient civilisation in the formation of European culture. However, the importance of the cultures, which made their contributions to the process of shaping European identity by making an impact on the ancient Greek and Roman world directly or via Graeca or via Roma, have not been given sufficient attention. In this regard, the Etruscan legacy is one of the most noteworthy. Pierre Grimal wrote in this connection that the Etruscan civilisation “played the same role ... in the history of Italy as the Cretan civilisation played in shaping the Greek world.“1 At the same time, the Etruscan civilisation proper emerged based on the archaic roots of Mediterranean cultures and, becoming, like the Greek civilisation, the direct heritor of the so-called Mediterranean substratum, which it elevated to new heights thanks to its own innovations and interpretations, it fulfilled an important function of a cultural mediator in the history of the nations of the new world. This is precisely what Franz Altheim meant, noting that “the importance of the Etruscan civilisation lies first and foremost in its cultural mediation.”2 As noted above, in addition, Etruscans introduced a lot of innovations and it is noteworthy that they were made in numerous important spheres, which we are going to discuss in detail below.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria
    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol The cities and cemeteries of Etruria Dennis, George 1883 Chapter XV Bombarzo urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:2-12107 CHAPTER XV. BOHABZO. Miremur periisse homines ?—monnmenta fatiscunt, Mors etiam saxis nominibusque venit .—Ausonius. Ecce libet-pisces Tyrrhenaque monstra Dicere. Ovid. About twelve miles east of Viterbo, on the same slope of the Ciminian, is the village of Bomarzo, in the immediate neighbour¬ hood of an Etruscan town where extensive excavations have been made. The direct road to it runs along the base of the mountain, but the excursion may be made more interesting by a detour to Fdrento, which must be donfe in the saddle, the road being quite impracticable for vehicles. From Ferento the path leads across a deep ravine, past the village of Le Grotte di Santo Stefano, whose name marks the existence of caves in its neighbourhood,1 and over the open heath towards Bomarzo. But before reaching that place, a wooded ravine, Fosso della Vezza, which forms a natural fosse to the Ciminian, has to be crossed, and here the proverb —Chi va piano va sano —must be borne in mind. A more steep, slippery, and dangerous tract I do not remember to have traversed in Italy. Stiff miry clay, in which the steeds will anchor fast ; rocks shelving and smooth-faced, like inclined planes of ice, are the alternatives. Let the traveller take warning, and not pursue this track after heavy rains. It would be advisable, especially if ladies are of the party, to return from Ferento to Viterbo, and to take the direct road thence to Bomarzo.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.1 – Presenza Di Aree a Rischio Idrogeologico in Attuazione Della
    3.1 – Presenza di aree a rischio idrogeologico In attuazione della Legge 183/89 è stato emanato il D.L. n. 180 dell’11 giugno 1998 (Decreto Sarno) con la finalità di individuare le aree a più elevato rischio idrogeologico e di adottare idonee misure di salvaguardia e prevenzione. La difesa del suolo diviene in tal modo, se pur sulla base della emotività scatenata dalla tragedia di Sarno, una attività preventiva e non, come in precedenza, riparativa di danni ormai avvenuti sul territorio. Lo stesso decreto fu convertito con modificazioni dalla legge n. 267 del 3 agosto 1998 e promulgato il D.P.C.M 29 settembre 1998 per la individuazione dei criteri relativi agli adempimenti da compiere in merito alla perimetrazione delle aree esposte a diversi livelli di rischio. Esso traccia, inoltre, la fase di programmazione della mitigazione del rischio attraverso elaborazioni, anche grafiche tali da individuare le tipologie di interventi da realizzare per mitigare o rimuovere lo stato di rischio. In attesa di un riordino successivo all’entrata in vigore del nuovo Decreto legislativo 152/2006 si riportano le strategie di intervento fino ad oggi attuate per quanto riguarda la difesa del suolo. Esse si inquadrano nell’ambito della pianificazione di bacino che le 5 Autorità di bacino competenti sul territorio regionale (Tevere, Liri-Garigliano, Fiora, Tronto, Bacini regionali) elaborano ed approvano. Lo strumento pianificatorio attualmente approvato e vigente su tutto il territorio regionale è il Piano Straordinario per l’Assetto Idrogeologico (PSAI). Le Autorità di Bacino che interessano il territorio provinciale sono tre, di seguito si riportano i dati salienti (Tab.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Rome
    A History of Knowledge Oldest Knowledge What the Jews knew What the Sumerians knew What the Christians knew What the Babylonians knew Tang & Sung China What the Hittites knew What the Japanese knew What the Persians knew What the Muslims knew What the Egyptians knew The Middle Ages What the Indians knew Ming & Manchu China What the Chinese knew The Renaissance What the Greeks knew The Industrial Age What the Phoenicians knew The Victorian Age What the Romans knew The Modern World What the Barbarians knew 1 What the Romans knew Piero Scaruffi 2004 "We declare, proclaim and define that subjection to the Roman authority is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature" (Pope Boniface, 1302) 2 What the Romans knew • Bibliography – Henri Sierlin: The Roman Empire (2002 – David Abulafia: The Mediterranean in History (2003) – Duby & Perrot: A History of Women in the West vol 1 (1992) – John Norwich: A short history of Byzantium (1995) – Kevin Butcher: Roman Syria (2003) – Tomlinson: Greek And Roman Architecture (1995) – Giovanni Becatti: The Art of Ancient Greece and Rome (1968) – Marvin Tameanko: Monumental Coins (1999) – Will Durant: Caesar and Christ (1944) 3 The Villanovans • 1000 BC: Iron civilization lives in northern Italy, probably not Indo-European • Cremation of the dead, and urns for ashes • 1000 BC: Indo-Europeans invade northern Italy 4 The Etruscans • 850 BC: Middle-eastern people (Villanovans?) settle inTuscany • 750 BC: first Etruscan inscriptions • Only one manuscript survives • Not Indo-European • Confederation
    [Show full text]
  • Buonasorte Et Al. SEISMIC REFLECTION in the BOLSENA
    Buonasorte et al. SEISMIC REFLECTION IN THE BOLSENA LAKE : A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF A CALDERA CONTROLLED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM Giorgio Buonasorte Gian Mauro Alessandra Raffaello Roberto Alessandro Sbrana ENEL DPT-VDAG, Via Andrea Pisano, 56100 PISA (Italy) ISMES Viale Giulio Cesare 29, 24124 BERGAMO (Italy) Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 (Italy) Key-words: seismic stratigraphy, volcanism, caldera, geothermal, probably underwent a strong incremental growth. structural geology Bolsena Caldera Middle Seauence (BCMS) represents an important eruptive phase mainly characterized by trachyphonolitic lava domes, 1. FOREWORD cumulodomes and lava flows. These products crop out in the north- eastern sector of the Bolsena caldera and are crossed by several Within the "Energetics Special Project", a Geothermal Energy drillings all around the Bolsena lake (even in its southern and Subproject sponsored by National Research Council, ISMES western sector), so suggesting their importance in the evolution of carried out a geophysical investigation in the Bolsena lake the complex. They also mark a unconformity, related to the (Central Italy), during 1988. The project included a high following emission of the Ignimbrite (OBI) and resolution seismic reflection survey and a magnetic survey, and was syneruptive caldera collapse. The interpretation of borehole followed by a preliminary interpretation of the data. stratigraphy and seismic reflection data suggests that the top of the Recently, new volcanological and geothermal studies carried out by widespread trachyphonolitic lavic products can be generally related University of Pisa and National Power Electric Company (ENEL) to the lower horizon detected by the seismic analysis ("G" horizon, brought to the definition of a new stratigraphic scheme based on see below).
    [Show full text]
  • 1911 1 Acquapendente Anno Ditta Localita' B. Fasc. 1967
    1911 ELENCO FASCICOLI CONTENENTI PRATICHE DI OPERE IN CEMENTO ARMATO “ESAURITI” ACQUAPENDENTE DITTA LOCALITA' ANNO 1 B. FASC. 1967 BISCONTI ARNOLDO VIA CASSIA KM. 137+57 13 434 1967 RONCA NOE' ACQUAPENDENTE 13 435 1968 19 627 D'ORAZIO ADOLFO E RUFFALDI MARIELLAVIALE DELL'ANNUNZIATA 1969 CANTERA GADDO E VENTURI ROSA VIALE DELL'ANNUNZIATA 23 772 1969 CERRINI EVARISTO ACQUAPENDENTE 23 770 1969 GIOACCHINI (IMPRESA) VIA ONANESE 23 767 1969 PERUZZI CORRADO (DITTA) ACQUAPENDENTE 23 766 1969 SMOVICA (IMPRESA) ACQUAPENDENTE 23 771 1969 SODA GIUSEPPE VIA DEL RIVO 23 769 1969 VITALI VITALIANO VIALE DELL'ANNUNZIATA 23 768 1970 BISOGNI ILIO VIA CASSIA – LOC. MADONNINA31 1025 1970 BRAMINI GIUSEPPE LOC. PODERE POPINZO 31 1031 1970 31 1027 CAMPANA VELIA IN FRANCO LOC. TORRE ANNUNZIATA 1970 31 1030 FANI RAFFAELLA E PIERI ALFIA LOC. PORTA DELLA MADONNA 1970 31 1021 FELICIOTTI EDELBERTO VIA DEL RIVO 1970 MONCELSI MARIA IN FORNACA PODERE LAZZANO – OPERE DI MIGLIORAMENTO31 1024 FONDIARIO 1970 NERI NERINO SS.CASSIA KM 132 + 0,48 31 1022 1970 31 1028 PERUZZI (SOCIETA') – TAURELLI E SALIMBENIACQUAPENDENTE (IMPRESA) – CAPANNONE ADIBITO A STALLA 1970 POLI M.CONCETTA IN FABI LOC. PODERE S.PIETRO 31 1026 1970 31 1023 SAVELLI CORNELIA IN CERRINI (IMPRESA)LOC. PORTA DELLA MADONNA 1970 SODA STEFANO LOC. VIGNOLO 31 1029 1971 BENOTTI GIUSEPPE E MUZZI EVELINOLOC. CASINO 40 1329 1971 PRUDENZI GIUSEPPE E ILIO LOC. VILLA FIORENTINA 40 1330 1971 SODA STEFANO VIA CASSIA – LOC. VIGNOLO 40 1328 1972 48 1652 COSTANTINI COSTANTINO E GIOVANNIVIA ONANESE 1972 SM. OVI. CA. (DITTA) – PERUZZI (SOCIETA')LOC. S. CATERINA 48 1651 1974 BERTANI M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oceanographic Achievements of Vito Volterra in Italy and Abroad1
    Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies- Volume 3, Issue 3 – Pages 251-266 The Oceanographic Achievements of Vito Volterra in Italy and Abroad1 By Sandra Linguerri The aim of this paper is to introduce Vito Volterra’s activity as a policy maker in the field of oceanography. In 1908, he was the promoter of the Thalassographic Committee (then in 1910 Royal Italian Thalassographic Committee), a national endeavor for marine research vis-à-vis the industrial world of fisheries, which soon internationalized. Abroad it was affiliated with the International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, led by Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1919-1922) and then by Vito Volterra himself (1923-1928).1 Keywords: History, International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, Oceanography, Royal Italian Thalassographic Committee, Vito Volterra. Vito Volterra and the Royal Italian Thalassographic Committee Vito Volterra (1860-1940) (Goodstein 2007, Guerraggio and Paoloni 2013, Simili and Paoloni 2008) is generally considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his time. His most important contributions were in functional analysis, mathematical ph‟ scientific activities, rather it will focus on his contribution to talassographic (or oceanographic) studies, and especially on the creation of the Royal Italian Talassographic Committee (Linguerri 2005, Ead 2014). In 1900, after teaching in Pisa and Turin, Volterra was offered a chair in mathematical physics at the University of Rome, where he was invited to give the inaugural lecture for the new academic year entitled Sui tentativi di applicazione delle matematiche alle scienze biologiche e sociali (On the attempts to apply mathematics to the biological and social sciences), which demonstrated his great interest in the application of mathematics to biological sciences and to economic research.
    [Show full text]
  • Denominazione Tipologia Ore Posizione Cdc Codice Scuola Denominazione Scuola Nominativo Docente Graduatoria Cdc Cattedra Residue Gradutoria
    DENOMINAZIONE TIPOLOGIA ORE POSIZIONE CDC CODICE SCUOLA DENOMINAZIONE SCUOLA NOMINATIVO DOCENTE GRADUATORIA CDC CATTEDRA RESIDUE GRADUTORIA AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80101V SCUOLA SEC. I VALENTANO INTERNA MARIANI ELENA GPS II 344 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80401A SCUOLA SEC. I CANINO INTERNA CATTANEO VALERIA GPS II 449 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80401A SCUOLA SEC. I CANINO INTERNA DI VIRGINIO MASSIMILIANO GPS II 477 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM805016 SCUOLA SEC. I MONTALTO DI C. INTERNA BARELLA VALENTINA GPS II 544 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM805016 SCUOLA SEC. I MONTALTO DI C. INTERNA VETRALLINI ANDREINA GPS II 579 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM805016 SCUOLA SEC. I MONTALTO DI C. INTERNA SARTI BARBARA GPS II 634 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM805016 SCUOLA SEC. I MONTALTO DI C. INTERNA COLELLI AURA GPS II 635 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80801N SCUOLA SEC. I GROTTE S. STEFANO INTERNA DELFINO MICHELA GPS II 321 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80801N SCUOLA SEC. I GROTTE S. STEFANO INTERNA SARZANA IRENE GPS II 326 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80901D SCUOLA SEC. I CAPRAROLA INTERNA LORETI MAURIZIO GPS II 510 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM80901D SCUOLA SEC. I CAPRAROLA INTERNA IANNI ADELE GPS II 558 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI INTERNA CIPOLLARI MARTINA GPS II 484 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI INTERNA CAREDDU MARGHERITA GPS II 430 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI INTERNA PAIOLO CARLA GPS II 552 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI INTERNA PONTREMOLESI MARTA GPS II 563 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI INTERNA CIMETTA PAOLA GPS II 562 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI INTERNA VACCAROTTI LOREDANA GPS II 575 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC. I SUTRI 12 PONTORIERO DANIELA GPS II 595 AD00 SOSTEGNO VTMM81101D SCUOLA SEC.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspetti Naturalistici
    Provincia di Viterbo – Assessorato Ambiente – Relazione sullo stato dell’ambiente Nelle conche calderiche di Bolsena e Latera esiste una variante più umida con prevalenza di cerrete e boschi misti mesofili e frammenti di faggete. Abbondanti elementi della lecceta sulle isole Bisentina e Martana. REGIONE TEMPIERATA DI TRANSIZIONE 4(7) - Termotipo collinare inferiore/superiore o mesomediterraneo superiore; ombrotipo umido inferiore; Regione mesaxerica. P medio-alte con episodi estivi più contenuti; aridità estiva non molto pronunciata a luglio e agosto; freddo intenso che si prolunga da ottobre a maggio; t appena inferiore a zero. Valle del Tevere e valli secondarie connesse (Orte, Gallese, Borghetto, ecc.). Querceti a cerro e roverella con elementi, talvolta anche abbondanti, della flora mediterranea. REGIONE MEDITERRANEA DI TRANSIZIONE 5(9) - Termotipo mesomediterraneo medio o collinare inferiore; Ombrotipo subumido superiore; Regione xeroterica/mesaxerica. P inferiori a 1000 mm con apporti estivi (Pest) intorno ai 100 mm; aridità estiva presente da giugno ad agosto e sporadicamente anche a maggio; freddo prolungato ma non intenso da novembre ad aprile; t da 2.3 a 4 °C. Maremma laziale interna a sud della conca vulsina fino a Blera e Monte Romano, parte della valle del F.Fiora, Canino e pianori a Ovest di Viterbo. Cerrete, querceti misti a roverella e cerro con abbondanti elementi della biocora mediterranea; boschi misti mesofili nelle forre e macchia mediterranea sui dossi e sugli affioramenti tufacei. 6(11)- Termotipo mesomediterraneo medio; ombrotipo subumido superiore/umido inferiore; Regione xeroterica. P da 800 fino a l11 00 mm circa con Pest intorno ai 100 mm e temperatura media piuttosto elevata; nei mesi estivi l'aridità non raggiunge intensità molto pronunciate; freddo poco intenso da novembre ad aprile; t da 3.4 a 4 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    EQA – Environmental quality / Qualité de l’Environnement / Qualità ambientale, 24 (2017) 39-45 PRELIMINARY EVIDENCES OF A PALEOSOL IN THE LIVING LANDSCAPE OF CIVITA DI BAGNOREGIO (ITALY) Sara Marinari (1)*, Maria Cristina Moscatelli (1) , Flavia Fiordelmondo (1) , Rosita Marabottini (1) , Giovanni Maria Di Buduo (2) , Gilmo Vianello (3) (1) Dipartimento per l’innovazione dei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo (2) Museo Geologico e delle Frane, Civita di Bagnoregio, Viterbo (3) Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Abstract A paleosol has been identified in an area of great natural interest for its geomorphologic and naturalistic aspects between the municipalities of Bagnoregio and Castiglione in Teverina (Viterbo, Italy). This investigation represents the preliminary steps of a study aimed to know the specific environmental features and dynamics prior to the eruptions of the "nenfri" of the Paleovulsini complex. The physico-chemical characteristics and some horizons morphological details such as the presence of roots fingerprint, the polyhedric angular and columnar structure suggest incipient weathering and pedogenesis. Moreover, the presence of nodules and the high salinity of deep horizons suggest the incorporation of pyroclastic material into a hydromorphic environment at the time of the eruptions, putting forward the hypothesis of a paleo-marsh under an arid paleoclimate. Keywords: paleosol, pyroclastic material, microbiological analysis, Civita di Bagnoregio Introduction A paleosol has been identified in an area of great natural interest for its geomorphologic and naturalistic aspects between the municipalities of Bagnoregio and Castiglione in Teverina (northern Lazio, bordering Umbria). Particular attention is given to landslides and erosive events repetition that affect both the cliff on which Civita rises and the adjacent "Valle dei Calanchi" (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Volterra Volterra, Known to the Ancient Etruscans As Velathri Or Vlathri and to the Romans As Volaterrae, Is a Town and a Comune in Tuscany
    Volterra Volterra, known to the ancient Etruscans as Velathri or Vlathri and to the Romans as Volaterrae, is a town and a comune in Tuscany. The town was a Bronze Age settlement of the Proto-Villanovan culture, and an important Etruscan centre, one of the "twelve cities" of the Etruscan League. The site is believed to have been continuously inhabited as a city since at least the end of the 8th century BC. It became a municipium allied to Rome at the end of the 3rd century BC. The city was a bishop's residence in the 5th century, and its episcopal power was affirmed during the 12th century. With the decline of the episcopate and the discovery of local alum deposits, Volterra became a place of interest for the Republic of Florence, whose forces conquered it. Florentine rule was not always popular, and opposition occasionally broke into rebellions which were quelled by Florence. When the Republic of Florence fell in 1530, Volterra came under the control of the Medici family and subsequently its history followed that of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.4 The Roman Theatre The Main Sights 1. Roman Theatre of Volterra, 1st century BC, excavated in the 1950s; 2. Piazza dei Priori, the main square, a fine example of medieval Tuscan town squares; 3. Palazzo dei Priori, the town hall located on Piazza dei Priori, construction begun in 1208 and finished in 1257; 4. Pinacoteca e museo civico di Volterra (Art Gallery) in Palazzo Minucci-Solaini. Founded in 1905, the gallery consists mostly of works by Tuscan artists from the 14th to the 17th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Italy, Your Story Istituto Lorenzo De’ Medici
    Ldm TUSCANIA Your Italy, Your Story Istituto Lorenzo de’ Medici OUR MISSION Istituto Lorenzo de’ Medici is committed to delivering a high-quality international learning experience through which students advance along their educational paths, develop their creativity, realize their own potential, and empower themselves to impact the world around them. Experiential learning is LdM’s main tool to foster students’ future professional development. THE ITALIAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE Founded in 1973 in Florence, Istituto Lorenzo de’ The educational opportunities at each of LdM’s Medici (LdM) is among Italy’s most comprehensive three sites are deeply rooted in their surrounding and well-established international institutions in environments, allowing students to experience higher education. In addition to its main campus in first-hand the inspiring culture of both historical Florence, LdM has premises in Rome and Tuscania. and contemporary Italy. LdM integrates formal, Today, LdM hosts over 3000 students annually from university-level learning with an emphasis on all over the world. personal growth, individual engagement, and community responsibility. OVER 40 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION Istituto Lorenzo de’ Medici is affiliated with note on the quality of LdM facilities and academic institutions world-wide and is registered and environment. The LdM campuses in Florence, Rome authorized in Italy by the Ministry of Education, and Tuscania are approved by the U.S. Department (December 2, 1989); LdM is also accredited by the of Veterans Affairs. Tuscany Region as an educational institution (code LdM is also accredited by the CSN of the Swedish n. FI0735, decree n. 2935, July 4, 2012). government, by the Icelandic Student Loan Fund Istituto Lorenzo de’ Medici is approved by the US (LIN), and it has been awarded the European quality Middle States Commission on Higher Education as certification ISO 9001:2008 by EQA (European a branch campus of Marist College, with particular Quality Assurance).
    [Show full text]