Hitler and Stalin: Their Eras and Legacies EUH 6934

We will examine the dictatorships of Hitler and Stalin in terms of their political, social and cultural dimensions. How "totalitarian" were these societies? To what degree did the dictators depend upon popular support? We will take up the issues of the legacy of the dictatorships beyond World War II. The collapse of East Germany in 1989 and the USSR in 1991 have opened up new perspectives on the meaning of the Hitler-Stalin era in those countries. How did German and Russian societies come to terms with the aftermath of these repressive rulers, and how has the collective memory dealt with the era?

Course Requirements: Every week students will be expected to discuss the common readings to explore the significant interpretive issues. Each student will prepare two 5-7pp. historiographical essays on two different weekly course topics, and distribute copies to all the other members in class. The student will be expected to make an oral presentation of the material and discuss the differences in scholarly views on the topic in significant detail, as well as answer questions from the other participants. The historiographical discussions will take place during the second half of the session. At the end of the term, students will complete a 15-20 page historiographical essay on one of the topics they covered previously. The assignments will be weighted as follows: Paper 1 (5-7 pp) 20% Paper 2 (5-7 pp) 20% Final Paper (15-20 pp) 40% Participation in Discussion 20%

Textbooks (available at the bookstore) 1. Kershaw, Ian and Lewin, Moshe. Stalinism and Nazism 2. Gregor, Neil. Nazism 3. Bartov, Murder in our Midst 4. Fitzpatrick and Gellately, Accusatory Practices 5. Bullock, Hitler and Stalin

Lecture, Paper, and Exam Schedule

Week I: Course Introduction

Week II: Biography and Leader Personality COMMON READINGS: Kershaw/Lewin, pp. 1-52; 88-106; Allan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin, pp. 342-418 Alfred Rieber, "Stalin, Man of the Borderlands," American Historical Review (AHR) vol. 106, no. 5 (Dec. 2001), pp.1651-1691

Week III: Role of the Party COMMON READINGS: Kerwshaw/Lewin, pp. 53-87, 107-155; Gregor, pp. 33-36, 84-90, 92-94, 189-191. Soviet: 1.) Robert Tucker, "The Rise of Stalin's Personality Cult," AHR, vol. 84, no. 2 (April 1979), pp. 347-366. 2.) Sheila Fitzpatrick, "How the Mice Buried the Cat: Scenes from the Great Purges of 1937 in the Russian Provinces," Russian Review (RR) 52 (1993) 3. ) J.Arch Getty, "State and Society under Stalin: Constitutions and Elections in the 1930s,' Slavic Review (SR) 50:1 1991 4.) Robert McNeal, "The Decisions of the CPSU and the Great Purge," Soviet Studies (SS) 23:2 1971 5.) T.H. Rigby, "Early provincial Cliques and the Rise of Stalin," SS 23:1 Jan. 1971 6.) T. H. Rigby, "Was Stalin a Disloyal patron?" SS 38:3 July 1986

Nazi: 1.) Oded Heilbronner, "The Failure that Succeeded: Nazi Party Activity in a Catholic Region in Germany, 1929-1932," Journal of Contemporary History (JCH) 27 (1992), 531-49. 2.) William Brustein, The Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party 3.) Michael Kater, The Nazi Party: A Social Profile of its Members

Week IV: Social Participation in State Crimes COMMON READINGS: Fitzpatrick/Gellately, pp. 1-21, 85-120, 185-221; Gregor, pp. 253-255; 258-279; 294-297 Soviet: 1.) Sarah Davies, "Us against Them: Social Identity in Soviet Russia, 1934-41," RR 56 (1), 1997, 70-89. 2.) E. Thomas Ewing, "Stalinism at Work, Teacher Certification and Soviet Power," RR 57 (2), 1998, 218-235. 3.) Stephen Cohen, "Stalin's Terror as Social History," RR 45:4, 1986, pp.375-84. 4.) Peter Kenez, "Stalinism as Humdrum Politics," RR 45:4 1986

Nazi: 1.) Robert Gellately, "The Gestapo and German Society: Political Denunciation in Gestapo Case Files," Journal of Modern History, (JMH) 60 (1988) 654-94. 2.) Thomas Childers, "The Middle Classes and National Socialism," in David Blackbourn and Richard Evans (eds.) The German Bourgeoisie, pp. 328-40. 3.) Vandana Joshi, "The 'Private' became 'Public': Wives as Denouncers in the Third Reich, JCH 37:3 (July 2002), pp. 419-36. 4.) Ian Kershaw, "The Persecution of the Jews and German Popular Opinion in the Third Reich," Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute 26 (1981), 261-89.

Week V: Camps and Ghettos COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp. 326-329; 297-302 Soviet: 1.) James Harris, "The Growth of the Gulag: Forced Labor in the Urals Region,1929-31," RR 56 (2), 1997, 265-80. 2.) David Nordlander, "Origins of a Gulag Capital: Magadan and Stalinist Control in the Early 1930s," SR (SR) 57 (4), 1998, 791-812 3.) R. Karklins, "The Organisation of Power in Soviet Labour Camps," SS 41:2 4.) J.Arch Getty and Gabor T. Ritterspoon, "Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the pre-war years," AHR 98:4 1993 5.) Lynne Viola, "The Other Archipelago: Kulak Deportations to the North in 1930," SR 60:4 winter 2001, pp. 730-755 6.) Peter Solomon Jr., "Soviet Penal Policy, 1917-1934: A Reinterpretation," SR 39:2 June 1980

Nazi: 1.) Henry Friedlander, "The Nazi Concentration Camps," in Michael Ryan (ed), Human Responses to the Holocaust 2.) Henry Friedlander, "Euthanasia and the Final Solution," in David Cesarani (ed), The Final Solution: Origins and Implementation, pp. 51-61. The following may be found at http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books 3.) Gotz Aly and Susanne Heim, "The Economics of the Final Solution: A Case Study from the General Government," Simon Wiesenthal Annual, vol. 5 4.) Solon Beinfeld,"The Cultural Life of the Vilna Ghetto," Simon Wiesenthal Annual, vol. 1, 5.) Dagmar Lorenz, "Inside Auschwitz: Four Memoirs," Simon Wiesenthal Annual, vol. 6 6.) Joel J. Forman, "Holocaust Numismatics," Simon Wiesenthal Annual,vol. 2 7.) Wolfgang Scheffler, "The Forgotten Part of the "Final Solution:" The Liquidation of the Ghettos," Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual, vol. 2, 8.) Mary Felstiner, "Alois Brunner: 'Eichmann's Best Tool'" Simon Wiesenthal Annual, vol. 3 9.) Sybil Milton, "Non-Jewish Children in the Camps," Simon Wiesenthal Annual, vol. 5

Week VI: Gender and Family Life COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp.255-58, 282-284, 302-305, 321-323 Soviet: 1.) Wendy Goldman, "Industrial Politics, Peasant Rebellion and the Death of the Proletarian Women's Movement in the USSR," SR 55 (1), 1996, 46-77. 2.) J. Evans, "The Communist party of the Soviet Union and the Women's Question. The Case of the 1936 Decree." JCH 16:4, 1981, pp. 757-75. 3.) Robert Thurston, "The Soviet Family During the Great Terror, 1935-1941," SS 43:3 1991

Nazi: 1.) Jeremy Noakes, The Development of Nazi Policy towards The German Jewish 'Mischlinge," 1933?1945 Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, 1989. 2.) Nathan Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart, pp. 65?97 3.) Timothy Mason, "Women in Nazi Germany," 1925?1940: Family, Welfare, and Work," History Workshop Journal, I (1976), 74?113 4.) Joan Ringelheim, "The Unethical and the Unspeakable: Women and the Holocaust," Simon Wiesenthal Annual, vol. 1 http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books 5.) Maria Sophia Quine, Population Policies in Twentieth Century Europe, Chapter 3 "Nazi Population Policy: Pronatalism and Antinatalism During the Third Reich, pp. 89-132. Week VII: Everyday Life and Economy COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp. 109-118, 207-210, 216-219, 230-232, 284-291 Jill Stephenson, "Nazism, Modern War and Rural Society in Wurttemberg,1939-45, JCH 32: 3, July 1997, 339-56 Peter Temin, "Soviet and Nazi Economic Planning in the 1930s," The Economic History Review, New Series, 44: 4. (Nov., 1991), pp. 573-593. Mark Harrison, "Resource Mobilization for World War II: The U.S.A., U.K., U.S.S.R., and Germany, 1938-1945," EHR, New Series, 41: 2. (May, 1988), pp. 171-192 Soviet: 1.) Jeffrey Rossman, "The Teikovo Cotton Workers' Strike of April 1932: Class, Gender and Identity Politics in Stalin's Russia," RR 56 (1) 1997, 44-69. 2.) Lesley Rimmel, "Another Kind of Fear: The Kirov Murder and the End of Bread Rationing in Leningrad," SR 56 (3), 1997, 481-499. 3.) Larry Holmes, "Part of History: The Oral Record and Moscow Model School No. 25, 1931- 1937," SR 56 (2), 1997, 279-306. 4.) Jeffrey Brooks, "Socialist realism in Pravda: Read all about it," SR 53:4 winter 1994 5.) Robert Thurston, "Social Dimensions of Stalinist Rule: Humor and Terror in the USSR, 1935-1941,' Journal of Social History 24:3 1991

Nazi: 1.) Viktor Klemperer, I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years, excerpts. 2.) Frank Trommler, "Between Normality and Resistance: Catastrophic Gradualism in Nazi Germany," in Michael Geyer and John Boyer (eds), Resistance against the Third Reich 3.) Helgard Kramer, "Frankfurt's Working Women: Scapegoats or Winners of the Great Depression?" in Richard J. Evans and Dick Geary (eds.) The German Unemployed, pp. 108-41. 4.) Detlev Peukert, "The Lost Generation: Youth Unemployment at the End of the Weimar Republic," in Richard J. Evans and Dick Geary (eds.), The German Unemployed, pp. 172?193

Week VIII: Religion and Nationalities COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp. 40-42, 216-219, 307-310, 331-333 Slavic Review 61 (1), 2002, 1-65 (This is a related set of 5 articles: Eric Weitz, "Racial Politics without the Concept of Race: Reevaluating Soviet Ethnic and national Purges;" Francine Hirsch, "Race without the Practice of Racial Politics:" Amir Weiner, "Nothing but Certainty;" Alaina Lemon, "Without a 'concept'? Race as Discursive Practice;" Eric Weitz, "On Certainties and Ambivalencies: Reply to My Critics." Omer Bartov, Murder in our Midst, pp. 53-70 Soviet: 1.) Michael Gelb, "An Early Soviet Ethnic Deportation: The Far-Eastern Koreans," RR 54 (3), 1995, 389-412. 2.) Terry Martin, "Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing," JMH, 70:4 1998

Nazi: 1.) Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison, trans. R. Ruller, F. Clark, pp. 3?17; 324? 383. 2.) Theodeore Hamerow, "Cardinal Faulhaber and the Third Reich," in David Wetzel (ed), From the Berlin Museum to the Berlin Wall: Essays on the Cultural and Political History of Modern Germany

3.) Frederick Bonkovsky, "The German State and Protestant Elites," in Franklin H. Littell and Hubert G. Locke (ed) The German Church Struggle and the Holocaust. 4.) Werner Cohn, "Bearers of a Common Fate? The 'Non?Aryan' Christian Fate Comrades of the Paulus Bund, 1933?1939, Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, 1988 5.) Guenter Lewy, "Himmler and 'Racially Pure Gypsies'" JCH 34:2 1999, 201-14.

Week IX: Literature and Culture COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp. 214-216, 226-230, 232-237 Soviet: 1.) Susan Reid, "All Stalin's Women: Gender and Power in Soviet Art of the 1930s," SR 57 (1), 1998, 133-173. 2.) Denise Youngblood, "The Fate of Soviet Popular Cinema during the Stalin Revolution," RR 50 (2), 1991, 148-162. 3.) Joseph Schull, "The Ideological Origins of 'Stalinism' in Soviet Literature," Slavic Review 51 (3) 1992, 468-484. 4.) Lynn Mally, "Autonomous Theater and the Origins of Socialist Realism: The 1932 Olympiad of Autonomous Art," Russian Review 52 (2) 1993, 198-212. 5.) Serhy Yekelchyk, "Diktat and Dialogue in Stalinist Culture; Staging Patriotic Historical Opera in Soviet Ukraine, 1936-1954" SR 59:3 Fall 2000, pp. 597-624

Nazi: 1.) Suzanne Marchand, "Nazi Culture: Banality or Barbarism?" JMH 70:1 (March 1998), 108-119. 2.) Roger Griffin, "The Primacy of Culture: The Current Growth (or manufacture) of Consensus within Fascist Studies," JCH 37:1 (Jan. 2002) 3.) Klaus Mann, Mephisto 4.) Bernhard Schlink, The Reader

Week X: Diplomatic History and World War II COMMON READINGS: Kershaw/Lewin, pp. 158-250; Gregor, pp. 168-1 Soviet: 1.) Teddy Uldricks, "The Icebreaker Controversy: Did Stalin Plan to Attack Hitler?" SR 58 (3), 1999, 626-643. 2.) S.R. Lieberman, "The Evacuation of Industry in the Soviet Union during World War II, " Soviet Studies 35 (1). 3.) G. Roberts, "The Soviet Decision for a Pact with Nazi Germany," Soviet Studies Jan. 1992.

Nazi: 1.) Jonathan Haslam, "Soviet-German Relations and the Origins of the Second World War: The Jury is Still Out," JMH 69:4 Dec 1997, 785-797. 2.) Zach Shore, "Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine," JCH 34:1 Jan 1999, 5-18. 3.) Geoffrey Roberts, "Infamous Encounter? The Merekalov-Weizsacker Meeting of 17 April 1939," The Historical Journal 35:4 Dec 1992, 921-926. 4.) Jonathan S. Gould, "The OSS and the London 'Free Germans'," Center of the Study of Intelligence: Studies in Intelligence www.cia.gov/csi/studies/vol46no1/article03.html

Week XI: Occupation and Resistance COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp. 241-252, 272-276, 329-331; Bartov, Murder in our Midst, pp. 71-88 Soviet: 1.) Roger Reese, "Red Army Opposition to Forced Collectivization, 1929-1930: The Army Wavers," SR 55 (1) 1996, 24-45.

Nazi: 1.) David Clay Large (ed), Contending with Hitler (read Intro, Broszat, Kwiet, Childers, Von Klemperer) 2.) Richard Breitman, "Himmler's Police Auxiliaries in the Occupied Soviet Territories," Simon Wisenthal Center, vol. 7 http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books 3.) Lihana Picciotto Fargion, "Italian Citizens in Nazi-Occupied Europe: Documents from the Files of the German Foreign Office, 1941-1943, Simon Wisenthal Center, vol. 7 http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books 4.) Beth Griech-Polelle, "Image of a Chruchman-Resister: Bishop von Galen, the Euthanasia Project and the Sermons of Summer 1941," JCH 36:1 Jan 2001

Week XII: De-Nazification and De-Stalinization COMMON READINGS: Gregor, pp. 347-359; Kershaw/Lewin, pp. 285-310 Nazi: 1.) Michael Kater, "Problems of Political Reeducation in West Germany, 1945-1960," Simon Wiesenthal Center, vol. 4 http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books 2.) Henry Friedlander, "The Judiciary and Nazi Crimes in Postwar Germany," Simon Wiesenthal Center, vol. 1 http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books

Week XIII Victims, Memories and Memorials COMMON READINGS:Bartov, Murder in our Midst pp. 89-136; Gregor, pp.338-346, 366- 370,374-377, 381-384 Soviet: 1.) Adam Hochschild, The Unquiet Ghost, pp. xiii-xxvii, 16-40; 60-73; 115-149

Nazi: 1.) Stefan Maechler, "Wilkomirski the Victim: Individual Remembering as Social Interaction and Public Event," History and Memory 13:2 Fall/Winter 2001 2.) Dagmar Lorenz, "Three Generations Remember the Holocaust," Simon Wiesenthal Center, vol. 5 http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books 3.) Wulf Kansteiner, "From Exception to Exemplum: The New Approach to nazism and the 'Final Solution," History and Theory 33:2 (may 1994), 145-171. 4.) Jeffrey Herf, Divided Memory, pp. 1?12, 334?372 5.) Mary Fulbrook, "From Volksgemeinschaft to Divided Nation: German National Identities and Political Cultures since the Third Reich," Historical Research, lxii. 193?213. (June 1989) 6.) David Clay Large, "Uses of the Past: the anti?Nazi resistance legacy in the Federal Republic of Germany" in Contending With Hitler 7.) Gregory Wegner, "The Legacy of Nazism and the History Curriculum in the East German Secondary Schools," History Teacher, 25 (4), Aug. 1992, pp. 471-487.

Thanksgiving - Nov. 27 - no class

Week XIV: Conclusions: alike or unlike? COMMON READINGS: Kershaw/Lewin, pp. 251-275, 343-358; Bullock, Hitler and Stalin, pp. 966-977 Philip Pomper, "Historians and Individual Agency," History and Theory 35:3 Oct 1996, 281-308

Final Paper Due Wednesday, December 11

______Florida State University Academic Honor Code Students are expected to uphold the Academic honor Code published in the Florida State University Bulletin and the Student Handbook. The Academic Honor System of the Florida State University is based on the premise that each student has the responsibility: 1) to uphold the hightest standards of academic integrity in the student's work; 2) to refuse to tolerate violations of academic integrity in the university community; and 3) to foster a high sense of integrity and social responsibility on the part of the university community. Concerning proper citation of sources in your papers: 1) If you take material that is not yours, from any source whatsoever, and copy it into assignments you submit in the class, you must provide a footnote, endnote, or parenthetical reference to the source of the material; 2) Material taken verbatim from another source must be enclosed in quotation marks and attributed as in rule #1; 3) Material not taken verbatim from a text but paraphrased must also be attributed as in rule #1. Anyone violating this code may fail the course.

Students with Disabilities Students with disabilities needing academic accomodation should: 1) register with and provide documentation to the Student Disability Resource center; and 2) bring a letter to the instructor indicating the need for accommodation and what type. This should be done during the first week of class