DOCSLIB.ORG

NOAA GOES and POES Satellite Overview & Status

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NOAA GOES and POES Satellite Overview & Status NOAA GOES and POES Satellite Overview & Status Kathleen A. Kelly Director Office of Satellite Operations NOAA/NESDIS 2004 Satellite Direct Readout Conference December 6, 2004 Constellation Overview The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) manages a constellation of four geostationary and eleven polar orbiting meteorological spacecraft. The spacecraft supported range in age from 1 to 17 years. These satellites are distributed among three operational programs: the Geostationary Operational environmental Satellite Program (GOES), Polar Operational Environmental Satellite Program (POES) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). DMSP satellites have been operated by NOAA in support of the U.S. Air Force since 1997. Managing the Nation’s Operational Environmental Satellite Systems Polar Orbiting Satellites Geostationary Satellites Fairbanks, POES Program Overview • Provides a continuous flow of global environmental information in support of national operational environmental requirements • Requires two satellites on-orbit (one in an afternoon orbit and one in a morning orbit) to ensure continuous coverage. 2:00 P.M. Sun-Synchronous Orbit Period 101 min. Altitude 870 Km 7:30 A.M. Scan width 2700 km Circle Earth 14 times per day POES Satellites POES Satellites provide continuous global environmental observations in support of operation requirements for: – Weather Forecasting and Space Environment – Detection of significant environmental events (e.g., fires, oil spills, volcanic eruptions) – Measurement of climate variables (e.g., atmospheric ozone) – Ocean observations (e.g., sea surface temperature) – Collection of data from surface platforms (e.g., buoys) – Search and rescue Solar Shield SAR Receive Antenna Polar-orbiting Operational IMU AVHRR Environmental Satellite Direction of Orbit (POES) Batteries ESA HIRS AMSU A1 Solar Array UDA SBUV AMSU B AMSU A2 LEGEND AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer ESA Earth Sensor Assembly HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder IMU Inertial Measurement Unit SAR Search and Rescue SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounding Spectral Radiometer UDA Ultra High Frequency Data Collection System Antenna POES System Fairbanks CDAS Wallops CDAS Suitland SOCC Telemetry and Commands Global Area Coverage and Local Area Coverage High Resolution Picture Transmission Search and Rescue Automated Picture Transmission Data Collection System GE Americom Beacon TIROS Information Processor Data POES Status Spacecraft Subsystems NOAA 17 NOAA 16 NOAA 15 NOAA 14 NOAA 12 Ascending Node +/- 5 mins 2224 1430 1817 2019 1648 Mission Data Category PRI PRI Back Up SEC SEC Instruments Adv. High resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Y Y R High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) Y R Adv. Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A1) R Y Y N/A N/A Adv. Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A2) N/A N/A Adv. Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-B) Y N/A N/A Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) N/A N/A N/A Y R Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) N/A N/A N/A N/A Data Collection Subsystem (DCS) Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR) Y Y Y N/A Search and Rescue Processor (SARP) R N/A Space Environment Monitor (SEM) Y Solar Backscatter UV Radiometer (SBUV) Y N/A Y N/A Spacecraft Subsystems Command and Control Y Electrical Power Y Attitude Determination and Control Communications Y Y Thermal Control Y Data Handling (Recorders) Y Y Y GOES Program Overview • GOES satisfies national operational environmental requirements for 24-hour observation of weather and Earth’s environment to support storm-scale weather forecasting by forecasters and numerical models • To meet requirements, GOES continuously maintains operational satellites at two locations (75 degrees West and 135 degrees West), with an on-orbit spare ready in case of failure GOES-10GOES-10 GOES-12GOES-12 135135oo WestWest 7575oo WestWest GOES-11GOES-11 On-orbitOn-orbit SpareSpare GOES Geographic Coverage Geostationary Satellites • Warnings to U.S. Public -- Detect, track and characterize – Hurricanes – Severe or possibly tornadic storms – Flash flood producing weather systems • Imagery for weather forecasting • Sea Surface Temperature monitoring • Winds for aviation and NWS numerical models • Environmental data collection – platforms including buoys, rain gauges… • Search and Rescue Current GOES Satellites: Pacific Region GOES-10 GOES-10 Operational: 135 W GOES-9 JMA Operational: 205 W GOES-7 Peacesat: 175W GOES-9 Sounder Imager Solar Sail S-Band Transmit Antenna S-Band Receive Digital Antenna Sun Sensor Earth Sensor UHF Transmit/ Receive Antenna Dual Magnetometers Telemetry & Commanding Antenna X-Ray Sensor Solar Array Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Trim Tab (GOES I - M) GOES System Telemetry and Commands Raw Imager and Sounder Data GOES Variable Format Weather Facsimile Space Environment Data Search and Rescue Data Collection System Wallops Suitland CDAS SOCC GOES Status Spacecraft Subsystems GOES-9 GOES-10 GOES-11 GOES-12 Operational Status Pacific West Storage East Inclination Control R Y Image Motion Compensation Y Instruments Imager Y Sounder Space Environment Monitor Y Y SXI N/A N/A N/A O Spacecraft Subsystems Attitude and Orbit Control O Thermal Control Electrical Power Telemetry and Command Communications Y Propulsion Mechanisms Y Direct Readout Services • GOES • POES – GVAR – HRPT – WEFAX/LRIT – APT – EMWIN – DCS – DCS – ARGOS – SARSAT – SARSAT NOAA’s Operational Environmental Satellite Constellation Geostationary Operational Dual Magnetometers Environmental Satellite (GOES N - P) Imager Sounder Star Trackers (3) S-Band Antenna S/L--Band Antennas Solar X-Ray Imager UHF Antenna Solar Array GOES-N Features Summary • Imaging/Sounding Through Eclipse – Larger Batteries • Star Trackers as Primary Attitude Reference – Improved Navigation Performance – 2 km Pointing Accuracy vs. 4/6 km Current Performance – Faster Recovery Following Maneuvers • Elimination of Solar Sail Yields Colder IR Detectors – Lower Noise Performance for IR Channels GOES-N Operations Differences • Improved Solar Baffles on Imager/Sounder Telescopes – Can image closer to Sun – No keepout zone for Imager • Time-Tagged Onboard Commands – Fewer Lost Images • Yaw Flip Twice per year, near equinoxes Launch Schedules • POES – NOAA-N: March 10, 2005 – NOAA-N’: December 2007 • GOES – GOES-N: NET March 31, 2005 – GOES-O: April 2007 – GOES-P: October 2008 NOAA-N Launch Activation • Launch March 10, 2005 • Launch Vehicle: Delta II Vandenberg AFB • LTAN: 1400 PM Orbit • Instrument Changes: – Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) replaces AMSU-B – Upgrade to HIRS/4 • Communication Changes: – APT: VTX1 137.1 MHz VTX2 137.9125 • Activation: – Spacecraft Activation: Launch +5 days – Instrument Activation: Launch +21 days – NASA Handover to NOAA: Launch +21 day – On-orbit Verification: Launch +45 days GOES-N Post Launch Test Timeline • Launch March 31, 2005 – 18 Days Orbit Raising, Deployments – 6 Days Spacecraft Subsystem Startups • Normal On-Orbit Mode, Handover to NASA, Launch +24 days – Start of 6-month Post Launch Test Period – Comm, Instrument Startup and Calibration • Cooler Cover Deployment, Launch +45 days – Start of INR PLT Sequence • End of PLT, Transition to Storage Mode, Launch +6 months – Handover to NOAA for operations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment
    NASA Reference Publication 1390 - j Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield, R.D. Leach, and M.B. Alexander, Editor August 1996 NASA Reference Publication 1390 Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield Universities Space Research Association • Huntsville, Alabama R.D. Leach Computer Sciences Corporation • Huntsville, Alabama M.B. Alexander, Editor Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center ° MSFC, Alabama 35812 August 1996 PREFACE The effects of the natural space environment on spacecraft design, development, and operation are the topic of a series of NASA Reference Publications currently being developed by the Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, Systems Analysis and Integration Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center. This primer provides an overview of seven major areas of the natural space environment including brief definitions, related programmatic issues, and effects on various spacecraft subsystems. The primary focus is to present more than 100 case histories of spacecraft failures and anomalies documented from 1974 through 1994 attributed to the natural space environment. A better understanding of the natural space environment and its effects will enable spacecraft designers and managers to more effectively minimize program risks and costs, optimize design quality, and achieve mission objectives. .o° 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • User's Guide for GOES-R XRS L2 Products
    User's Guide for GOES-R XRS L2 Products Janet Machol, Stefan Codrescu and Courtney Peck 6 April 2021 Contents 1 Summary 2 2 XRS L2 Products Overview 2 2.1 Science Quality versus Operational XRS Data . .3 2.2 Flare Magnitudes . .3 2.3 XRS Response Functions . .3 3 1-second Irradiances Product 4 4 1-minute Averages Product 5 5 Flare Summary and Flare Detection Products 6 6 Flare Location Product 7 7 Daily Background Product 8 8 Plots 9 9 Acknowledgements 11 10 References 11 A Flare Detection Algorithm 12 A.1 Flare Detection Algorithm . 12 A.2 Algorithm Steps . 13 A.2.1 (Steps 1-6) Prepare data and do simple comparisons . 14 A.2.2 (Steps 8a-f) Check for start of flare . 14 A.2.3 (Steps 9a-e) Rising flare . 15 A.2.4 (Steps 10a-b) Declining flare . 15 A.2.5 (Steps 11a-e) Final steps to exit . 16 A.3 Algorithm Inputs . 16 B Flare Location Algorithm 18 C Daily Background Algorithm 20 1 1 Summary The GOES X-Ray Sensor (XRS) measurements have been a crucial component of space weather operations since 1975, providing an accurate measurement of geo-effective X-ray irradiance from second-to-second real- time conditions to solar-cycle time scales (Garcia, 1994). XRS measurements are in two bandpass channels commonly referred to as the XRS-A (0.05-0.4 nm) and XRS-B (0.1-0.8 nm), both of which are in the soft X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This User's Guide discusses the algorithms used to generate the GOES-R XRS L2 data products.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relative Timing of Supra-Arcade Downflows in Solar Flares
    A&A 475, 333–340 (2007) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20077894 & c ESO 2007 Astrophysics The relative timing of supra-arcade downflows in solar flares J. I. Khan, H. M. Bain, and L. Fletcher Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK e-mail: [email protected] Received 14 May 2007 / Accepted 11 August 2007 ABSTRACT Context. Supra-arcade downflows (generally dark, sunward-propagating features located above the bright arcade of loops in some solar flares) have been reported mostly during the decay phase, although some have also been reported during the rise phase of solar flares. Aims. We investigate, from a statistical point of view, the timing of supra-arcade downflows during the solar flare process, and thus determine the possible relation of supra-arcade downflows to the primary or secondary energy release in a flare. Methods. Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) imaging data are examined to produce a list of supra-arcade downflow candidates. In many of our events supra-arcade downflows are not directly observed. However, the events do show laterally moving (or “waving”) bright rays in the supra-arcade fan of coronal rays which we interpret as due to dark supra-arcade downflows. The events are analysed in detail to determine whether the supra-arcade downflows (or the proxy waving coronal rays) occur during a) the rise and/or decay phases of the soft X-ray flare and b) the flare hard X-ray bursts. It is also investigated whether the supra-arcade downflows events show prior eruptive signatures as seen in SXT, other space-based coronal data, or reported in ground-based Hα images.
    [Show full text]
  • Gao-13-597, Geostationary Weather Satellites
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives September 2013 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed GAO-13-597 September 2013 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed Highlights of GAO-13-597, a report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found NOAA, with the aid of the National The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has completed Aeronautics and Space Administration the design of its Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) (NASA), is procuring the next series and made progress in building flight and ground components. While the generation of geostationary weather program reports that it is on track to stay within its $10.9 billion life cycle cost satellites. The GOES-R series is to estimate, it has not reported key information on reserve funds to senior replace the current series of satellites management. Also, the program has delayed interim milestones, is experiencing (called GOES-13, -14, and -15), which technical issues, and continues to demonstrate weaknesses in the development will likely begin to reach the end of of component schedules. These factors have the potential to affect the expected their useful lives in 2015. This new October 2015 launch date of the first GOES-R satellite, and program officials series is considered critical to the now acknowledge that the launch date may be delayed by 6 months.
    [Show full text]
  • NOAA NESDIS Independent Review Team Final Report 2017 Preface
    NOAA NESDIS Independent Review Team Final Report 2017 Preface “Progress in understanding and predicting weather is one of the great success stories of twentieth century science. Advances in basic understanding of weather dynamics and physics, the establishment of a global observing system, and the advent of numerical weather prediction put weather forecasting on a solid scientific foundation, and the deployment of weather radar and satellites together with emergency preparedness programs led to dramatic declines in deaths from severe weather phenomena such as hurricanes and tornadoes.“ “The Atmospheric Sciences Entering the Twenty-First Century”, National Academy of Sciences, 1998. 2 Acknowledgements ▪ The following organizations provided numerous briefings, detailed discussions and extensive background material to this Independent Review Team (IRT): – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) Program Office – Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office – NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and information Service (NESDIS) IRT Liaison Support Staff • Kelly Turner Government IRT Liaison • Charles Powell Government IRT Liaison • Michelle Winstead NOAA Support • Kevin Belanga NESDIS Support • Brian Mischel NESDIS Support ▪ This IRT is grateful for their quality support and commitment to NESDIS’ mission necessary for this assessment. 3 Overview ▪ Objective ▪ NESDIS IRT History ▪ Methodology
    [Show full text]
  • THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT Second Session of the INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP on DATA MANAGEMENT FOK
    •.. '' . THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT Second Session of the INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP ON DATA MANAGEMENT FOK THE GLD~AL ~(C\P1\"'AllOJ\) CL,./1v/1-)TDL0G-.y Pt<oJCCT ( !92'+ '. He<&l S..?V,,Jr_fl) (Madison, USA, 9-11 September 1987) March 1988 WCRP - 6 WMO/TD - NO. 221 1 i s;r}, s·n: ~n.ro7 . 36i.t: s-n,ro 1,.6 1rvr CNTER!NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WORLD METEOROLOGICAL 'CIENTIFIC UNIONS L: ORGANIZATION 01-so2T- The World Climate Programme launched by the World Meteorological Organiza­ tion (WMO) includes four components: The World Climate Data Programme The World Climate Applications Programme The World Climate Impact Studies Programme The World Climate Research Programme The World Climate Research Programme is jointly sponsored by the WMO and the International Council of Scientific Unions. This report has been produced without editorial revision by the WMO Secretariat. It is not an official WMO publication and its distribution in this form does not imply endorsement by the Organization of the ideas expressed. "· TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS 111 1. OPENING OF THE SESSION 1 2. PROJECT MANAGER'S STATUS REPORT 1 3. STATUS REPORTS OF THE GPCP CENTRES 2 3.1 Geostationary Satellite Data Processing Centres 2 3.1.1 GSDPC for METEOSAT ........................ 2 3.1.2 GSDPC for GMS ............................. 2 3.1.3 GSDPC for GOES ............................ 3 3.1.4 GSDPC for INSAT ........................... 4 3.2 Geostationary Satellite Precipitation Data Centre .. 4 3.3 Polar Satellite Data Processing Centre 6 3.4 Polar Satellite Precipitation Data Centre 7 3.5 Global Precipitation Climatology Centre 7 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Name NORAD ID Int'l Code Launch Date Period [Minutes] Longitude LES 9 MARISAT 2 ESIAFI 1 (COMSTAR 4) SATCOM C5 TDRS 1 NATO 3D AR
    Name NORAD ID Int'l Code Launch date Period [minutes] Longitude LES 9 8747 1976-023B Mar 15, 1976 1436.1 105.8° W MARISAT 2 9478 1976-101A Oct 14, 1976 1475.5 10.8° E ESIAFI 1 (COMSTAR 4) 12309 1981-018A Feb 21, 1981 1436.3 75.2° E SATCOM C5 13631 1982-105A Oct 28, 1982 1436.1 104.7° W TDRS 1 13969 1983-026B Apr 4, 1983 1436 49.3° W NATO 3D 15391 1984-115A Nov 14, 1984 1516.6 34.6° E ARABSAT 1A 15560 1985-015A Feb 8, 1985 1433.9 169.9° W NAHUEL I1 (ANIK C1) 15642 1985-028B Apr 12, 1985 1444.9 18.6° E GSTAR 1 15677 1985-035A May 8, 1985 1436.1 105.3° W INTELSAT 511 15873 1985-055A Jun 30, 1985 1438.8 75.3° E GOES 7 17561 1987-022A Feb 26, 1987 1435.7 176.4° W OPTUS A3 (AUSSAT 3) 18350 1987-078A Sep 16, 1987 1455.9 109.5° W GSTAR 3 19483 1988-081A Sep 8, 1988 1436.1 104.8° W TDRS 3 19548 1988-091B Sep 29, 1988 1424.4 84.7° E ASTRA 1A 19688 1988-109B Dec 11, 1988 1464.4 168.5° E TDRS 4 19883 1989-021B Mar 13, 1989 1436.1 45.3° W INTELSAT 602 20315 1989-087A Oct 27, 1989 1436.1 177.9° E LEASAT 5 20410 1990-002B Jan 9, 1990 1436.1 100.3° E INTELSAT 603 20523 1990-021A Mar 14, 1990 1436.1 19.8° W ASIASAT 1 20558 1990-030A Apr 7, 1990 1450.9 94.4° E INSAT 1D 20643 1990-051A Jun 12, 1990 1435.9 76.9° E INTELSAT 604 20667 1990-056A Jun 23, 1990 1462.9 164.4° E COSMOS 2085 20693 1990-061A Jul 18, 1990 1436.2 76.4° E EUTELSAT 2-F1 20777 1990-079B Aug 30, 1990 1449.5 30.6° E SKYNET 4C 20776 1990-079A Aug 30, 1990 1436.1 13.6° E GALAXY 6 20873 1990-091B Oct 12, 1990 1443.3 115.5° W SBS 6 20872 1990-091A Oct 12, 1990 1454.6 27.4° W INMARSAT 2-F1 20918
    [Show full text]
  • Space Debris Proceedings
    REORBITING STATISTICS OF GEOSTATIONARY OBJECTS IN THE YEARS 1997-2000 R. Jehn(1) and C. Hernandez´ (1) (1)European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), (1)Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT crease 300-400 km above GEO depending on spacecraft characteristics” [4]. At the same time, space agencies Based on orbital data in the DISCOS database the sit- like NASA, NASDA, RKA and ESA developed national uation in the geostationary ring is analysed. From 878 guidelines. All recommended an altitude increase of known objects, 305 are controlled inside their longitude more than 200 km above GEO. Finally in 1997, an in- slots, 353 are drifting above, below or through GEO, and ternational consensus was found within the Inter-Agency 125 are in a libration orbit (status of Jan. 2001). In the last Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC). The rec- four years (1997-2000) 58 spacecraft reached end-of-life. ommended altitude increase (in km) is given as 20 of them were reorbited in compliance with the IADC recommendations, 16 were reorbited below this recom- mendation and 22 were abandoned without any end-of- H = 235 + 1000 C A=m life disposal manoeuvre. R (1) 1. INTRODUCTION C where R is the solar radiation pressure coefficient (usu- The geostationary ring is a valuable resource currently ally with a value between 1 and 2), A is the average cross- populated by some 300 operational satellites. Unlike in sectional area and m is the mass of the satellite [5]. low Earth orbit there is no atmospheric drag which will remove abandoned objects over time.
    [Show full text]
  • User's Guide for Building and Operating Environmental Satellite Receiving Stations
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration User's Guide for Building and Operating Environmental Satellite Receiving Stations Updated: February 2009 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service FORWARD This is an update of the User's Guide for Building and Operating Environmental Satellite Receiving Stations, which was published in document form in July of 1997. There have been several changes in the technology and availability of receiving equipment as well as changes to the NOAA operated satellites since the previous publication. This has made a new User's Guide necessary to maintain the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's commitment to serve the public by providing for the widest possible dissemination of information based on its research and development activities. The previous version of this User's Guide was a major update of NOAA Technical Report 44, Educator's Guide for Building and Operating Environmental Satellite Receiving Stations, originally published in 1989, and reprinted in 1992. The environmental/weather satellite program has its origins in the early days of the U.S. Space program and is based on the cooperative efforts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and their predecessor agencies. A portion of this publication is devoted to examining inexpensive methods of directly accessing environmental satellite data. This discussion cites particular items of equipment by brand name in an attempt to identify examples of readily available items. This information should not be construed to imply that these are the only sources of such items, nor an advertisement or endorsement of such items or their manufacturers.
    [Show full text]
  • Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment
    NASA Reference Publication 1390 Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield, R.D. Leach, and M.B. Alexander, Editor Neutral ThermosphereNeutral Thermal Environment Solar EnvironmentSolar ll SSppaacc Plasma rraa ee uu EE tt nn v aa v Ionizing i Ionizing i r Meteoroid/ N N r Radiation o Orbital Debris o Radiation e e n n h h m m T T e e n n t t s s Geomagnetic Field Gravitational Field August 1996 NASA Reference Publication 1390 Spacecraft System Failures and Anomalies Attributed to the Natural Space Environment K.L. Bedingfield Universities Space Research Association • Huntsville, Alabama R.D. Leach Computer Sciences Corporation • Huntsville, Alabama M.B. Alexander, Editor Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center • MSFC, Alabama 35812 August 1996 i PREFACE The effects of the natural space environment on spacecraft design, development, and operation are the topic of a series of NASA Reference Publications currently being developed by the Electromagnetics and Aerospace Environments Branch, Systems Analysis and Integration Laboratory, Marshall Space Flight Center. This primer provides an overview of seven major areas of the natural space environment including brief definitions, related programmatic issues, and effects on various spacecraft subsystems. The primary focus is to present more than 100 case histories of spacecraft failures and anomalies documented from 1974 through 1994 attributed to the natural space environment. A better understanding of the natural space environment and its effects will enable spacecraft designers and managers to more effectively minimize program risks and costs, optimize design quality, and achieve mission objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • GOES X-Ray Sensor (XRS)
    GOES X-ray Sensor (XRS) Measurements Janet Machol, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES) Rodney Viereck, NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) 10 June 2016, Version 1.4.1 Important notes for users Scaling factors: For GOES 8-15, the archived fluxes have had SWPC scaling factors applied. To get true fluxes, these factors must be removed. To get true fluxes from the archived data, users must divide short channel fluxes by 0.85 and divide the long channel fluxes by 0.7. Similarly, to get true fluxes for pre-GOES-8 data, users should divide the archived fluxes by the scale factors. No adjustments are needed to use the GOES 8-15 fluxes to get the traditional C, M, and X alert levels. (See Section 2.) Time stamps: The raw data time stamps are offset 1.024 s after the integration periods. The timestamps for averaged data have a 1-3 s offset from the start of the data. (See Section 3.) Version Date Description of major changes author 1.4.1 9 June 2016 3 s data for GOES 8-12 added to archive. Revised table of Machol chronology of primary and secondary satellites. Added references and discussion of digitization. 1.4 4 March 2015 original Machol Contents 1. GOES X-ray Sensor (XRS) ........................................................................................................................... 3 2. Data issues ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)
    CGMS-36, NOAA-WP-02&03 Prepared by C. Hampton Agenda Item: B/1 & B/2 Discussed in Plenary Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) manages a constellation of four geostationary and eleven polar orbiting meteorological spacecraft, including six military satellites, from the Satellite Operations Control Center (SOCC) in Suitland, Maryland. These satellites provide continuous observations of weather conditions and environmental features of the western hemisphere, monitor global climate change, verify ozone depletion and land surface change, monitor the critical space environmental parameters, and support search and rescue efforts across the globe. This document briefly addresses the status of the geosynchronous and low-earth-orbiting spacecraft constellations as of September 16, 2008. CGMS-36, NOAA-WP-02&03 Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 1. Report on the Status of Current Satellite Systems 1.1 Polar Orbiting Meteorological Satellite Systems (POES) The POES spacecraft constellation includes two primary, one secondary, two standby and one non-operational spacecraft. These spacecraft are in circular orbits inclined at approximately 98 degrees (retrograde). As of May 21, 2007, NOAA declared EUMETSAT's METOP-A as their mid-morning operational spacecraft. The primary operational spacecraft, NOAA-18 is in sun-synchronous afternoon orbit. Three secondary spacecraft, NOAA-17, NOAA-16 and NOAA-15 provide additional payload operational data. NOAA-12 - is standby spacecraft supporting additional user data requirements. NOAA-14 and NOAA-12 were decommissioned on May 23, 2007 and August 10, 2007, respectively. The next POES launch, NOAA-N' is slated for launch in February 2009.
    [Show full text]