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Presentation 1 Thanks to… Scott Bachmeier, Jordan J. Gerth, Scott S. Lindstrom, Mathew M. Gunshor, Jaime M. Daniels, Daniel T. Lindsey • Paul Menzel • Steve Goodman • Tina Buxbaum • Jean Phillips • Chris Schmidt • Joleen Feltz • Monica Coakley • CWG • Rick Kohrs • AWG • JMA • Fred Wu • Bill Line • SSEC Real Earth team • Michelle Smith • SSEC data center • ITT / Harris Corporation • Jun Li • Jim Nelson • Lockheed-Martin • Jinlong Li • Christopher S. Velden • GOES-R Program Office • GOES Operators • Kaba Bah • Entire GOES-R team! • OSPO • Steve Miller • Training teams • You. 2 • NASA • PRO Team • Pre-GOES Outline • GOES(-17) ABI – Background – Topics • Mode 6 • Cold Pixels around Fires • Predictive Cal • Temporal-spectral fusion – Imagery – Products • Summary – More information 3 A History of Geostationary “Weather” Satellites ATS (SSCC & MSSCC) SMS ATS (GVHRR) ABI=Advanced Baseline Imager 4 “Storm Patrol” Proposal (1964) Professors Verner Suomi and Robert J. Parent, suggested in a six–page proposal to NASA the possibility of a "storm patrol" experiment to monitor convective activity in the tropics from geostationary orbit. “…continuously monitor the weather motions over a large fraction of the earth's surface. Even though near -earth weather satellites have provided an impressive array of visible and infrared observations of the earth's weather on a nearly operational basis, the synchronous satellite affords another opportunity to gain a better understanding of the global weather circulation, the key to better weather prediction." The success of the spin scan system is far beyond even our [Suomi and Krauss] wildest dreams. 5 ATS-1 launched (1966) • NASA’s Applications Technology Satellite (ATS)-1 hosted the first geostationary imager, Spin-Scan Cloud Camera (SSCC) • Launched 6 december 1966. • Imaging instrument designer and SSEC co-founder, Verner E. Suomi, proclaimed, “Now, the weather moves, not the satellite.” 11 December 1966 North America 6 GOES History GOES-1/3 GOES-4/7 GOES-8/12 GOES-13/14/15 GOES-R/S+ Launched Launched Launched Launched Launched (Planned) 1975 1980 1994 2005 2016 1977 1981 1995 2009 2017 1978 1983 1997 2010 2020 1987 2000 2024 2001 Better navigation and One visible VISSR–VAS calibration. Faster coverage. and one visible, 12 IR. 3-axis stabilized. No eclipse outages. 16 Imager Bands. infrared. Imager Bands: 4 Better spatial Improved spatial. MSI (visible, IR; 1 visible. resolutions for the 6.5 Operational. IRW, and 2 um on GOES-12+ and No sounder. (Similar to additional IR Operational the 13.3 um band on SMS series) channels) Sounder GOES-14/15. Geostationary (18 IR bands) Lightning Mapper Operational Sounder http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/datacenter/archive.html 7 NOAA GOES Constellation (mid-2019) GOES-17 GOES-15 GOES-16 (~137W) (128W) (~75W) Supplemental Operations Operational Operational GOES-13 GOES-14 (60W) (105W) Storage Back-up 8 GOES-17 ABI First Light Imagery 29-July-2018 9 GOES-17 First Operational Day ABI “Solar Noon” GOES-West / GOES-East Mollweide Projection Composite February 12, 2019 10 ABI Spectral Bands Visible Near-IR (“near-vis”) 11 ABI Spectral Bands (IR) 12 Meso-scale box locations are 1 min movable 1 min th 5 min March 5 , 2019: New AK meso- scale sector coverage as default 10-min Fd Flex Mode Mat Gunshor, 13 CIMSS Mp4 Loop: Vis and SWD loop (animated gif on the web) 14 Mp4 Loop: Link to on-line animated gif 15 GOES-17 (Loop Heat Pipe) • During post-launch testing of the GOES-17 ABI instrument, an issue with the instrument’s cooling system was discovered. The loop heat pipe (LHP) subsystem is not operating at its designed capacity. The consequence of this is that the ABI detectors cannot be maintained at their intended temperatures under certain orbital conditions. GOES-17 predicted daily maximum longwave focal plane module (FPM) temperature. Courtesy of Harris Corporation. • Infrared signals with long wavelengths can be swamped by infrared light emitted by warm parts of the imager, degrading the signal. Eventually, local emissions and dark current noise overwhelm the signal from the Earth, and the channels saturate, meaning a useful signal is not available. Channel availability will also fluctuate seasonally depending on the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the instrument. • A great deal of progress has been made to optimize the performance of the GOES-17 ABI data and the instrument. 17 Loop: mp4 16-panel loop (animated gif) 18 Select Topics • Mode 6 now operational • 10-min Full Disk with 5-min PACUS with two 1-min meso-scale sectors • Slight time difference with Meso 2 (for GOES-17) • Cold Pixels around Fires • Latest predictive cal results • Software fix (late summer?) developed by the instrument vendor to improve the IR calibration for GOES-17 by time extrapolating various calibration coefficients • The corrected radiances will be part of the operational datastream • Temporal-spectral Fusion • Method to “fill in” the missing (due to saturation) spectral bands on GOES-17 for qualitative applications (developed at UW-Madison) 19 Mode 6 Switch at 16:00 UTC on 2nd of April, 2019. Reduced PICA in CONUS (and mesos) 20 GOES-17 Meso-sector #1: even spacing G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:58:27 From Calibration WG: Mode 6M G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:57:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:56:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:55:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:54:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:53:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:52:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:51:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:50:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:49:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:48:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:47:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:46:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:45:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:44:27 M1 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:43:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:42:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:41:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:40:27 Full Disk: 23:50:33, 23:40:33 UTC G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:39:27 CONUS: 23:56:19, 23:51:19, 23:46:19 UTC … G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:38:27 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:37:27 GOES-17 Meso-sector #2: not even, “next” min From Calibration WG: G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:58:57 Mode 6M G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:57:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:56:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:55:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:54:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:53:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:52:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:51:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:51:01 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:49:51 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:48:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:47:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:46:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:45:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:44:57 M2 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:43:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:42:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:41:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:41:01 Full Disk: 23:50:33, 23:40:33 UTC G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:39:51 CONUS: 23:56:19, 23:51:19, 23:46:19 UTC … G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:38:57 G-17 IMG 20 FEB 19051 23:37:57 CPAF (Cold Pixel Around Fires) Chris Schmidt AWG Land Team UW-CIMSS • GOES-16: Band 7 resampler updated at 20:15 UTC April 23, 2019 to correct the cold pixels around fire (CPAF) • GOES-17: Band 7 resampler update at 18:32 UTC April 18, 2019 to correct the cold pixels around fire (CPAF). 23 Old vs new resampling kernel • Old kernel produced “ringing” of cooler pixels around fires in most cases, but it could be hard to see most of the time • For hot fires (such as >350 K in band 7) it would often produce a very notable cold pixel anomaly (CPAF) • GOES-17 data on 17 February 2019 from 16-24 UTC in 30 minute steps processed with the new kernel was provided to fires team, along with L2 data produced from it • Ringing was found in some cases, but these did not include the classic CPAF white pixels • Following example compares the two for a fire in Mexico • The ring around the fire pixels (yellow box) is red, meaning it warmed with the new kernel, and the fire itself is cyan, meaning the peak temperature is cooler • Validation results for FDC (Fire/Hot Spot Detection and Characterization) fire radiative power show a consistent over-estimate of FRP (Fire Radiative Power) compared to other platforms; the new kernel may help that 24 Old vs new resampling kernel Temperatures increased in a ring around the fire, as expected, with the largest increase and largest decrease being adjacent pixels. 25 Predictive Cal • Predictive Calibration is an update to the calibration supplied by the instrument vendor • Predictive Calibration data provided for February 26, 2019, the peak heating day prior to spring equinox. • Comparing a section of GOES-17 FD to GOES-16 FD • Original GOES-17 minus GOES-16 • Predictive Cal GOES-17 minus GOES-16 • GOES-17 ABI was running mode 6 • Change from our previous analysis (of 3/12/2019) to remap both GOES-16 and GOES- 17 into a common Mercator projection.
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