Timeline, 1603-1685

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England and the British Isles, 1603-1685, Newton Key, Eastern Illinois University, Fall 2012 1603-1625 Reign of James VI & I 1625-1649 Reign of Charles I 1628 Parliament, 1628-29; Petition of Right; assassination of Buckingham 1629 Tumult in Commons; Beginning of eleven year's unparliamentary government 1637 Beginnings of Covenanter Revolt 1640 Short Parliament 1640 Long Parliament begins 1641 Irish Massacre 1642-1646 1st Civil War 1642 Battle of Edgehill 1644 Battle of Marston Moor 1644-45 Self-denying Ordinance; New Model Army created 1645 Battle of Naseby 1646 Surrender at Oxford 1647 1 June Refusal to disband 3 June Seizure of the King 14 June Army declaration 23 June Remonstrance of the Army July Articles of Impeachment against the 11 Members 15-20 July Army Debates/March on London/11 MPs withdraw 26 July Invasion of Parliament by apprentices 30 July Parliament sits in absence of Speaker 2 Aug. Heads of Proposals 3 Aug. MPs who fled join Army for march to London 18 Aug. Army remonstrance, re: acts from 30 July 30 Sept. Emergence of new agitators 15-18 Oct. Case of the Army Truly Stated 22 Oct. examination of Case 29 Oct. meeting of council with authors of Case; presentation of the Agreement of the People 29 Oct.-6 Nov. Putney Debates 11 Nov. King "escapes" to Isle of Wight 15 Nov. Ware (Corkbush Field) mutiny 1648 Jan. Parliament votes no further negotiations with King Apr.-Sept. 2nd Civil War Sept.-Nov. Negotiations with King, "Treaty" of Newport 6 Dec. Pride's Purge Dec.-Jan. Whitehall Debates 1649 Jan. Trial of King 30 Jan. Execution of King Feb.-Apr. Further Leveller Agitation March Act Abolishing Kingly Office March Act Abolishing House of Lords Apr. Digger experiments May Last Army mutiny May England Declared a Free Commonwealth 1650 Engagement (Oath) Act; Act for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales 1651 Navigation Act 1653 Assembly of Saints (Barebone's Parliament) 1658 Death of Oliver Cromwell 1660 Restoration of Charles II 1672, 1673 Declaration of Indulgence (Charles II); Test Act 1678-79 Popish Plot 1679-81 Exclusion Parliaments 1683 Discovery of failed Rye House Plot 1685 Death of Charles II; Accession of James II.

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THE PUTNEY DEBATES EXHIBITION ST MARY’S CHURCH PUTNEY THE LEVELLERS social rank, driven by principle rather than personal material grievance. Lilburne, in particular, had been an active campaigner for a decade. In 1637, he had been flogged, pilloried, and imprisoned for publishing pamphlets critical of the bishops; nine years later, he was imprisoned by the House of Lords on various charges of seditious conduct (and indeed was still in the Tower at the time of the Putney Debates.) Lilburne argued that true sovereignty derived from the people. Popular sovereignty, he maintained, was an inalienable right, which had only been subverted after the Norman Conquest by the new landowning class as it developed institutions and The Putney Debates are an important practices which consolidated its own landmark in English political history. power. Following the Civil War, it was At St Mary’s Church, Putney, in the not enough to replace monarchical autumn of 1647, leading members of tyranny with a system which the Army Council, which then perpetuated the power of the effectively controlled England in the landowners represented in parliament. aftermath of Charles I’s defeat in the As Lilburne told the Lords at his trial Civil War, deliberated on proposals for in 1646, “all you intended when you a radical overhaul of the constitution. set us a - fighting was merely to These proposals, which for their time unhorse and dismount our old riders were breathtaking in their and tyrants, so that you might get up revolutionary boldness, anticipated and ride in their stead.” What was many of the ideological fault lines of needed was a system which reflected the next three to four centuries.
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Activity 6. Putney Debates Define the Rights of Englishmen Source
Activity 6. Putney Debates Define the Rights of Englishmen Source: Adapted from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUputneydebates.htm, accessed May 30, 2010 Background: The Putney Debates in England took place in 1647. They involved leaders of the New Model Army and Parliament that were challenging King Charles I for power. The question debated was whether ordinary men without property were entitled to the right to vote. Participants in the debate included Thomas Rainsborough, a military officer and Member of Parliament, who was considered a radical and supporter of the Leveller movement, Edward Sexby and John Wildman, military officers who were leaders of the Levellers, and Henry Ireton, who represented the senior officers in the New Model Army and argued that the vote should be based on the ownership of property. Ireton and his supporters believed that while men might have the same “natural rights” before God, they had different civil rights awarded by government. The political program of the Levellers included voting rights for all adult males, annual elections, complete religious freedom, an end to the censorship of books and newspapers, trial by jury, and the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords. A year after the Putney Debates, Thomas Rainsborough was murdered by his opponents. Instructions: After you read and reenact the debate, imagine you are assigned to be the final speaker and write a presentation expressing your views. As a follow-up, write a 250- word editorial for an American colonial newspaper explaining how the Putney Debates and the positions taken by the Levellers will affect colonial rights.
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The Levellers Movement and Had Been Amongst the Leaders of a Mutiny Against Cromwell, Whom They Accused of Betraying the Ideals of the ‘Civil War ’
Levellers Day book cover_Levellers Day book cover 04/05/2015 08:33 Page 1 Written by PETA STEEL T H E L E THE V Published in May 2 01 5 by SERTUC E Congress House, Great Russell Street L L London WC1B 3LS E R LEVELLERS MOVEMENT 020 7467 1220 [email protected] S M O V AN ACCOUNT OF PERHAPS THE FIRST POLITICAL MOVEMENT E M TO REPRESENT THE ORDINARY PEOPLE E N T Additional sponsorship from Including THE DIGGERS AND RANTERS, ASLEF, Unison South East Region, and Unite OLIVER CROMWELL, THE AGREEMENT OF THE PEOPLE and MAGNA CARTA South East S E R T U C Printed by Upstream PUBLISHED BY SERTUC 020 7358 1344 [email protected] £2 Levellers Day book cover_Levellers Day book cover 04/05/2015 08:33 Page 2 CONTENTS THE LEVELLERS 1 THE DIGGERS AND THE RANTERS 11 THE CIVIL WARS 15 THE NEW MODEL ARMY 19 AGREEMENT OF THE PEOPLE 23 THE PUTNEY DEBATES 27 THOMAS RAINSBOROUGH 31 PETITIONS 34 THE BISHOPSGATE MUTINY 37 THE BANBURY MUTINY 38 THE MAGNA CARTA 40 OLIVER CROMWELL 43 JOHN LILBURNE 49 GERRARD WINSTANLEY 55 RICHARD OVERTON 58 KATHERINE CHIDLEY 60 KING CHARLES I 63 THE STAR CHAMBER 66 JOHN MILTON 68 Levellers Day book new_Levellers book new to print 04/05/2015 09:07 Page 1 FOREWORD THERE’S little to disagree with the Levellers over: “they wanted a democracy where there was no King, and a reformed House of Commons that represented the people, and not the vested interests of the ruling classes ”.
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Putney Started Life As a Small Dwelling by the River Thames, and Has
THE CENTRE OF PUTNEY SINCE 1990 1684 1883 The Waterman School in Putney is founded in by Former Prime Minister Clement Attlee a London merchant as a token of his gratitude for 1729 is born in Putney. being saved from drowning by a Putney Waterman. An Act of Parliament is passed due to the efforts of Sir Robert Walpole and the original timber Putney Bridge is eventually built in 1729. Only the second bridge to be built across the 1880 Thames in London after London Bridge. 1990 Putney Bridge underground station opens, with Putney Exchange opens in May 1990. The mall East Putney following in 1889. Both were served costs £40million to build, and is bought 5 years by steam locomotives until electrification in 1905. later by our current owners. Designed by Chapman Taylor, with Stained Glass windows designed by Alan Younger, famous in his field. 2015 1302 For the first time in history the Putney started life as a small dwelling by the river Putney church near the bridge is dedicated 1846 men and women’s Oxford & to St Mary, built originally as a chapel of Cambridge boat races both start Putney Station opens. ease to Wimbledon. Precise date unknown from Putney, with both teams but records date an ordination in 1302. 1780 racing on the same day. Thames, and has evolved into one of the most A hurricane strikes the Putney area, damaging buildings and land from Lord Besborough’s desirable and celebrated areas of London. house at Roehampton, ending at Hammersmith where the church sustained considerable damage It is also the birthplace of some of history’s most 1647 The Putney debates, where officers and soldiers of ST.
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The English Civil War: the Declaration of 14Th June 1647 And
History 7A, Merritt College, Instructor John Holmes The English Civil War: The Declaration of 14th June 1647 and the Putney Debates “We were not a mere mercenary Army, hired to serve any arbitrary power of a state, but called forth and conjured by the several declarations of Parliament, to the defence of our own and the people’s just rights and liberties. And so we took up arms in judgment and conscience … and are resolved … to assert and vindicate the just power and rights of this kingdom in Parliament, for those common ends premised, against all arbitrary power, violence and oppression.” So the Army justified its intervention in politics.… The soldiers were citizens in uniform, who had regained the rights of freeborn Englishmen. Christopher Hill, The Century of Revolution, 1603-1714, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1982, page 110. The Declaration was issued by the Army Council of Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army. The New Model Army had just won the Civil War, defeating the royalist forces. The Army Council was an historically unprecedented body, because it was elected. Officers and rank and file soldiers were represented together. It was formed after the Army, in defiance of the majority of Parliament which wanted to disband the Army and restore the King, marched on London and seized Charles I’s royal person. The Declaration further called for a purge of Parliament, its dissolution, and new elections. Many historians regard this Declaration as the commencement of modern politics founded on popular sovereignty. The English Civil War, its impact on the American colonies, and the relationship between it and modern concepts of freedom and democracy are discussed in your textbook on pages 81-86.
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The World Turned Upside Down • to Stir up Political and Religious Thoughts
Teachers’ Resource Pack The ideas in this Teacher’s Resource Pack can committed during the war. With the growing influence of be adapted by primary and secondary school the Leveller movement in the rank and file, the army had produced political pamphlets challenging ancient teachers to suit the needs of their schools, feudalism. One such pamphlet An Agreement of the classes and pupils. People prompted the Putney debates, which began on 28th October 1647. A study of the Putney Debates would form an excellent basis for the study of Local History, The Debates were a meeting of the General Council of and offers cross-curricular opportunities with the Army which consisted of senior officers such as Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton, as well as ‘agitators’, English, Geography, Art, RE, and such as Edward Sexby and Thomas Rainsborough, Citizenship. who had been elected by the junior officers and rank and Background to the Putney Debates file to represent them. Their aim: to re-establish unity in the army. After the first English Civil War of 1642-1646 England was in a state of confusion and upheaval never experienced before. Although England had seen civil war before, never in its history had fighting gone to such unimaginable lengths and concluded so dramatically. In 1647 Parliament found themselves in an unprecedented and very difficult situation. King Charles I was in prison at Hampton Court Palace under the guard of the army and negotiations had begun with the intent to create a new system of government, proposals which the King neither accepted nor rejected.
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Cromohs Seminari - Hessayon - Fabricating Radical Traditions
Cromohs Seminari - Hessayon - Fabricating radical traditions http://www.cromohs.unifi.it/seminari/hessayon2_radical.html Cromohs Virtual Seminars Seminar index Fabricating radical traditions 1. Radicalism and the English revolution Ariel Hessayon Mario Caricchio Goldsmiths, University of London Glenn Burgess A. Hessayon, "Fabricating radical traditions", in M. Caricchio, G. Tarantino, eds., Cromohs Virtual Seminars. Recent historiographical trends of the British Ariel Hessayon Studies (17th-18th Centuries) , 2006-2007: 1-6 Nicholas McDowell <http://www.cromohs.unifi.it/seminari/hessayon2_radical.html> Nigel Smith 2. Britain 1660-1714: competing 1. Introduction historiographies Giovanni Tarantino It is a commonplace that the past is at the mercy of the present and that in every generation there are those who deliberately distort Mark Knights aspects of it to reflect a vision of their own or another's making. Most Yaakov Mascetti historical writing about radicalism and the English Revolution can be considered fabrication - in the sense of both manufacture and 3. The Church of England invention. There have been several important studies documenting this in the eighteenth century [1] process, including recent work by Mario Caricchio. I do not wish to Guglielmo Sanna argue here that there was a single, continuous English radical tradition, William Gibson but nor would I like to dismiss the notion entirely. Instead what I want to suggest is that though radicalism lacks a connected history the Robert G. Ingram imagined relationship between radicals of the English Revolution and Robert D. Cornwall their predecessors and successors has served as a powerful substitute. So much so, that multifaceted traditions have emerged as part of the 4.
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1642-1652: the Diggers and the Levellers
1642-1652: The Diggers and the Levellers A history of the radical movements the Diggers and the Levellers which sprung up around the English Civil War. The political and social upheaval that resulted from the English Civil War in the seventeenth century [effectively two conflicts between 1642 -1646 and 1647/48] led to the development of a set of radical ideas centred around movements known as ‘Diggers’ and ‘Levellers’ The Diggers [or ‘True Levellers’] were led by William Everard who had served in the New Model Army. As the name implies, the diggers aimed to use the earth to reclaim the freedom that they felt had been lost partly through the Norman Conquest; by seizing the land and owning it ‘in common’ they would challenge what they considered to be the slavery of property. They were opposed to the use of force and believed that they could create a classless society simply through seizing land and holding it in the ‘common good’. To this end, a small group [initially 12, though rising to 50] settled on common land first at St George’s Hill and later in Cobham, Surrey and grew corn and other crops. This small group defied the landlords, the Army and the law for over a year. In addition to this, groups travelled through England attempting to rally supporters. In this they had some successes in Kent and Northamptonshire. Their main propagandist was Gerard Winstanley who produced the clearest statement of Digger ideas in ‘The Law of Freedom in a Platform’ published in 1652. This was a defence and exposition of the notion of a classless society based in secularism and radical democracy The relatively small group of followers of Digger ideas was never particularly influential and was quite easily suppressed by Cromwell and Fairfax.
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The Leveller Influence in the New Model Army from 1647 to 1649 G
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 1-15-1964 The Leveller influence in the new model army from 1647 to 1649 G. Elaine Johnson Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Recommended Citation Johnson, G. Elaine, "The Leveller influence in the new model army from 1647 to 1649" (1964). Honors Theses. Paper 504. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LEVELLER INFLUENCE IN THE NEW NODEL ARNY FR011 1647 TO 1649 G. Elaine Johnson Senior Thesis January 15, 1964 PREFACE Although the scope of this paper, from February of 1647 to January of 1649, would seem rather limited, the actual impact of Leveller principles and methods was felt during this short span of time. After the final Agreement of the People in early 1649, the movement seemed to center around personal attacks, reiteration of previous ideas, and defensive measures. The establishment of the Commonwealth, under the thumb of Oliver Cromwell, left behind all the Leveller plans of government, which had been discussed and approved by the Agitators and the Army Council. Other aspects of the Leveller movement, such as their concept of religious toleration, could have received greater attention, but it was not felt necessary to the sense of the paper. Likewise, the political situation and intrigues of the period could have been covered in a more thorough manner, but only the events pertinent to the Army-Leveller relationship were explained in detail.
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A Putney Light Shines
1 A Putney Light Shines By Maria Oshodi directed by Tom Marshall assisted by Tamara Hinchco designed by Caroline Jones/Michael Bull lighting by Miguel Ribeiro producer: Sue Rolfe Cast in order of appearance Verger Michael Bull John Lilburne Michael David Soldier 1 James Rigby Soldier 2 Robert Emms Soldier 3 Stewart Marquis John Wildman Tim Stark Edward Sexby Oliver Campbell-Smith Lord of Misrule Peter Sproule Chicken Tony Rohr Lieutenant-General Oliver Cromwell Tom Marshall Commissary-General Henry Ireton Nick Tennant Colonel Thomas Rainborough Michael Lovatt Mr Everard Chris Tranchell Lieutenant-Colonel William Goffe Clive Merrison Mr Petty Michael David Performance of this script is allowed provided credit is given as follows: A Putney Light Shines, by Maria Oshodi, Extant, First performed at St Mary’s Church, Putney 27-29 October, 2007 2 Scene 1 . (John Lilburne in tower, appears high up centre, lit by a spot.) John Lilburne: Oh Englishmen! Where are your freedoms? And what has become of your liberties and privileges that you have been fighting for all this time? (Military drum roll - Below a light comes up on several soldiers entering) Soldier 1 : (holding a crown) I fought for parliament to curb the King Soldier 2: (holding a bible) I fought for God to cleanse the land Soldier 3: (Holding a sword) I fought for the people, to be free John Lilburne : ( writes furiously.) You have expended your bloods and estates – and are tied in bondage faster than before. Look about you brothers, while there be still time, and give not occasion to your children yet unborn to curse you for making them slaves.
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The Putney Debates (1647)1
AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONALISM VOLUME II: RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES Howard Gillman • Mark A. Graber • Keith E. Whittington Supplementary Material Chapter 2: The Colonial Era—Foundations/Principles The Putney Debates (1647)1 The Putney Debates sought to resolve a controversy over political participation that broke out during the English Civil War within the military forces siding with Parliament. Many members of what had become known as the New Model Army wanted to radically democratize Great Britain. Led by John Wildman, Maximilian Petty, and Colonel Thomas Rainsborough, they insisted that universal male suffrage should be the central commitment of the new British Constitution. Most of the Parliamentary leadership disagreed. Led by Oliver Cromwell and Cromwell’s son-in-law, Henry Ireton, they believed no fundamental changes to Parliament were necessary. Cromwell and his allies wished only to limit royal prerogative. Members of the Army debated these and related issues during the fall of 1647, while the New Model Army was encamped outside of London in the town of Putney. The soldiers failed to persuade their leaders. Cromwell and Ireton agreed that soldiers should be allowed to vote, but they rejected claims for more universal suffrage. Most colonial Americans were familiar with the Putney debates and with the general principles articulated by Rainsborough and Ireton. Many were far more sympathetic than Parliamentary leaders with demands for government by the consent of the people. As modified by a number of later republican thinkers in the eighteenth century, the themes Rainsborough and others articulated became staples of American colonial rhetoric. As you read the materials below, ask yourself the following questions.
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English Civil War 1640-1660
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1640-1660 HSTEU302 James I Stuart 1603-1625 James VI of Scotland and James I of England James VI of Scotland imposes Bishops on Scottish Presbyterian Church James I as head of Anglican Church: episcopal structure as hierarchical, culminating in King as head of Church 1604 Hampton Court Conference: declares “no Bishops, no King” strong opposition to Presbyterian movement in England authorizes the “King James” translation of Bible Catholics: seen as treasonous, called “recusants” (refusers) since 1588 Spanish Armada James I Stuart 1621 Portrait by Daniel Mytens Duke of Buckingham George Villiers Court favorite of James I, major role under Charles I Assassinated in 1629 by a “disappointed office seeker” Portrait by Peter Paul Rubens 1625 Charles I Stuart 1625-1649 Equestrian Anthony Van Dyck (1599-1641) Flemish Baroque painter Triptych of Charles I Anthony van Dyck Charles I versus Parliament: Financial issues: refusal to vote traditional revenues for life King uses “forced loans” 1628 Petition of Right: Parliament wants all funds levied only with its consent, due process of law 1629-1640 Personal rule of Charles I Parliament not called for 11 years 1635 Ship Money: extended to inland towns 1637 John Hampden: Puritan tax resister ARMINIANISM -- High Church party (Arminius = Dutch theologian) 1) worship: sacraments, Mass, vestments, altar railings enforcement of Book of Common Prayer uniform services throughout England 2) theology: latitudinarian (broad access to salvation) anti-predestinarian LAUDIAN REVIVAL: 1633 Archbishop
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