A Putney Light Shines
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The Levellers' Conception of Legitimate Authority
Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades ISSN: 1575-6823 ISSN: 2340-2199 [email protected] Universidad de Sevilla España The Levellers’ Conception of Legitimate Authority Ostrensky, Eunice The Levellers’ Conception of Legitimate Authority Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades, vol. 20, no. 39, 2018 Universidad de Sevilla, España Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=28264625008 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative e Levellers’ Conception of Legitimate Authority A Concepção de Autoridade Legítima dos Levellers Eunice Ostrensky [email protected] Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil Abstract: is article examines the Levellers’ doctrine of legitimate authority, by showing how it emerged as a critique of theories of absolute sovereignty. For the Levellers, any arbitrary power is tyrannical, insofar as it reduces human beings to an unnatural condition. Legitimate authority is necessarily founded on the people, who creates the constitutional order and remains the locus of political power. e Levellers also contend that parliamentary representation is not the only mechanism by which the people may acquire a political being; rather the people outside Parliament are the collective agent able to transform and control institutions and policies. In this sense, the Levellers hold that a highly participative community should exert sovereignty, and that decentralized government is a means to achieve that goal. Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Keywords: Limited Sovereignty, Constitution, People, Law, Rights. Filosofía, Política y Humanidades, vol. Resumo: Este artigo analisa como os Levellers desenvolveram uma doutrina da 20, no. -
6Th Form Text.Pdf
THE PUTNEY DEBATES EXHIBITION ST MARY’S CHURCH PUTNEY THE LEVELLERS social rank, driven by principle rather than personal material grievance. Lilburne, in particular, had been an active campaigner for a decade. In 1637, he had been flogged, pilloried, and imprisoned for publishing pamphlets critical of the bishops; nine years later, he was imprisoned by the House of Lords on various charges of seditious conduct (and indeed was still in the Tower at the time of the Putney Debates.) Lilburne argued that true sovereignty derived from the people. Popular sovereignty, he maintained, was an inalienable right, which had only been subverted after the Norman Conquest by the new landowning class as it developed institutions and The Putney Debates are an important practices which consolidated its own landmark in English political history. power. Following the Civil War, it was At St Mary’s Church, Putney, in the not enough to replace monarchical autumn of 1647, leading members of tyranny with a system which the Army Council, which then perpetuated the power of the effectively controlled England in the landowners represented in parliament. aftermath of Charles I’s defeat in the As Lilburne told the Lords at his trial Civil War, deliberated on proposals for in 1646, “all you intended when you a radical overhaul of the constitution. set us a - fighting was merely to These proposals, which for their time unhorse and dismount our old riders were breathtaking in their and tyrants, so that you might get up revolutionary boldness, anticipated and ride in their stead.” What was many of the ideological fault lines of needed was a system which reflected the next three to four centuries. -
Activity 6. Putney Debates Define the Rights of Englishmen Source
Activity 6. Putney Debates Define the Rights of Englishmen Source: Adapted from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUputneydebates.htm, accessed May 30, 2010 Background: The Putney Debates in England took place in 1647. They involved leaders of the New Model Army and Parliament that were challenging King Charles I for power. The question debated was whether ordinary men without property were entitled to the right to vote. Participants in the debate included Thomas Rainsborough, a military officer and Member of Parliament, who was considered a radical and supporter of the Leveller movement, Edward Sexby and John Wildman, military officers who were leaders of the Levellers, and Henry Ireton, who represented the senior officers in the New Model Army and argued that the vote should be based on the ownership of property. Ireton and his supporters believed that while men might have the same “natural rights” before God, they had different civil rights awarded by government. The political program of the Levellers included voting rights for all adult males, annual elections, complete religious freedom, an end to the censorship of books and newspapers, trial by jury, and the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords. A year after the Putney Debates, Thomas Rainsborough was murdered by his opponents. Instructions: After you read and reenact the debate, imagine you are assigned to be the final speaker and write a presentation expressing your views. As a follow-up, write a 250- word editorial for an American colonial newspaper explaining how the Putney Debates and the positions taken by the Levellers will affect colonial rights. -
The Levellers Movement and Had Been Amongst the Leaders of a Mutiny Against Cromwell, Whom They Accused of Betraying the Ideals of the ‘Civil War ’
Levellers Day book cover_Levellers Day book cover 04/05/2015 08:33 Page 1 Written by PETA STEEL T H E L E THE V Published in May 2 01 5 by SERTUC E Congress House, Great Russell Street L L London WC1B 3LS E R LEVELLERS MOVEMENT 020 7467 1220 [email protected] S M O V AN ACCOUNT OF PERHAPS THE FIRST POLITICAL MOVEMENT E M TO REPRESENT THE ORDINARY PEOPLE E N T Additional sponsorship from Including THE DIGGERS AND RANTERS, ASLEF, Unison South East Region, and Unite OLIVER CROMWELL, THE AGREEMENT OF THE PEOPLE and MAGNA CARTA South East S E R T U C Printed by Upstream PUBLISHED BY SERTUC 020 7358 1344 [email protected] £2 Levellers Day book cover_Levellers Day book cover 04/05/2015 08:33 Page 2 CONTENTS THE LEVELLERS 1 THE DIGGERS AND THE RANTERS 11 THE CIVIL WARS 15 THE NEW MODEL ARMY 19 AGREEMENT OF THE PEOPLE 23 THE PUTNEY DEBATES 27 THOMAS RAINSBOROUGH 31 PETITIONS 34 THE BISHOPSGATE MUTINY 37 THE BANBURY MUTINY 38 THE MAGNA CARTA 40 OLIVER CROMWELL 43 JOHN LILBURNE 49 GERRARD WINSTANLEY 55 RICHARD OVERTON 58 KATHERINE CHIDLEY 60 KING CHARLES I 63 THE STAR CHAMBER 66 JOHN MILTON 68 Levellers Day book new_Levellers book new to print 04/05/2015 09:07 Page 1 FOREWORD THERE’S little to disagree with the Levellers over: “they wanted a democracy where there was no King, and a reformed House of Commons that represented the people, and not the vested interests of the ruling classes ”. -
The Making of Englishmen Studies in the History of Political Thought
The Making of Englishmen Studies in the History of Political Thought Edited by Terence Ball, Arizona State University JÖrn Leonhard, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Wyger Velema, University of Amsterdam Advisory Board Janet Coleman, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK Vittor Ivo Comparato, University of Perugia, Italy Jacques Guilhaumou, CNRS, France John Marshall, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA Markku Peltonen, University of Helsinki, Finland VOLUME 8 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ship The Making of Englishmen Debates on National Identity 1550–1650 By Hilary Larkin LEIDEN • BOSTON 2014 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www. knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover illustration: Titian (c1545) Portrait of a Young Man (The Young Englishman). Galleria Palatina (Palazzo Pitti), Florence, Italy. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Larkin, Hilary. The making of Englishmen : debates on national identity, 1550-1650 / by Hilary Larkin. -
Putney Started Life As a Small Dwelling by the River Thames, and Has
THE CENTRE OF PUTNEY SINCE 1990 1684 1883 The Waterman School in Putney is founded in by Former Prime Minister Clement Attlee a London merchant as a token of his gratitude for 1729 is born in Putney. being saved from drowning by a Putney Waterman. An Act of Parliament is passed due to the efforts of Sir Robert Walpole and the original timber Putney Bridge is eventually built in 1729. Only the second bridge to be built across the 1880 Thames in London after London Bridge. 1990 Putney Bridge underground station opens, with Putney Exchange opens in May 1990. The mall East Putney following in 1889. Both were served costs £40million to build, and is bought 5 years by steam locomotives until electrification in 1905. later by our current owners. Designed by Chapman Taylor, with Stained Glass windows designed by Alan Younger, famous in his field. 2015 1302 For the first time in history the Putney started life as a small dwelling by the river Putney church near the bridge is dedicated 1846 men and women’s Oxford & to St Mary, built originally as a chapel of Cambridge boat races both start Putney Station opens. ease to Wimbledon. Precise date unknown from Putney, with both teams but records date an ordination in 1302. 1780 racing on the same day. Thames, and has evolved into one of the most A hurricane strikes the Putney area, damaging buildings and land from Lord Besborough’s desirable and celebrated areas of London. house at Roehampton, ending at Hammersmith where the church sustained considerable damage It is also the birthplace of some of history’s most 1647 The Putney debates, where officers and soldiers of ST. -
The Politics of Commonwealth Citizens and Freemen in Early Modern England
The Politics of Commonwealth Citizens and Freemen in Early Modern England The Politics of Commonwealth offers a major reinterpretation of urban political culture in England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Examining what it meant to be a freeman and citizen in early modern England, it also shows the increasingly pivotal place of cities and boroughs within the national polity. It considers the practices that constituted urban citizenship as well as its impact on the economic, patriarchal, and religious life of towns and the larger commonwealth. The author recovers the language and concepts used at the time, whether by eminent citizens or more humble tradesmen and craftsmen. Unprecedented in terms of the range of its sources and freshness of its approach, the book reveals a dimension of early modern culture that has major implications for how we understand the English state, economy, and ‘public sphere’; the political upheavals of the mid-seventeenth century; and popular political participation more generally. phil withington is Lecturer in Cultural History at the University of Aberdeen. He is the co-editor of Communities in Early Modern England (2000). Cambridge Social and Cultural Histories Series editors: Margot C. Finn, University of Warwick Colin Jones, University of Warwick Keith Wrightson, Yale University New cultural histories have recently expanded the parameters (and enriched the metho- dologies) of social history. Cambridge Social and Cultural Histories recognises the plurality of current approaches to social and cultural history as distinctive points of entry into a common explanatory project. Open to innovative and interdisciplinary work, regardless of its chronological or geographical location, the series encompasses a broad range of histories of social relationships and of the cultures that inform them and lend them meaning. -
The English Civil War: the Declaration of 14Th June 1647 And
History 7A, Merritt College, Instructor John Holmes The English Civil War: The Declaration of 14th June 1647 and the Putney Debates “We were not a mere mercenary Army, hired to serve any arbitrary power of a state, but called forth and conjured by the several declarations of Parliament, to the defence of our own and the people’s just rights and liberties. And so we took up arms in judgment and conscience … and are resolved … to assert and vindicate the just power and rights of this kingdom in Parliament, for those common ends premised, against all arbitrary power, violence and oppression.” So the Army justified its intervention in politics.… The soldiers were citizens in uniform, who had regained the rights of freeborn Englishmen. Christopher Hill, The Century of Revolution, 1603-1714, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1982, page 110. The Declaration was issued by the Army Council of Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army. The New Model Army had just won the Civil War, defeating the royalist forces. The Army Council was an historically unprecedented body, because it was elected. Officers and rank and file soldiers were represented together. It was formed after the Army, in defiance of the majority of Parliament which wanted to disband the Army and restore the King, marched on London and seized Charles I’s royal person. The Declaration further called for a purge of Parliament, its dissolution, and new elections. Many historians regard this Declaration as the commencement of modern politics founded on popular sovereignty. The English Civil War, its impact on the American colonies, and the relationship between it and modern concepts of freedom and democracy are discussed in your textbook on pages 81-86. -
Radical Republicanism in England, America, and the Imperial Atlantic, 1624-1661
RADICAL REPUBLICANISM IN ENGLAND, AMERICA, AND THE IMPERIAL ATLANTIC, 1624-1661 by John Donoghue B.A., Westminster College, New Wilmington, PA, 1993 M.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2006 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Faculty of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by John Donoghue It was defended on December 2, 2005 and approved by William Fusfield, Associate Professor, Department of Communication Janelle Greenberg, Professor, Department of History Jonathan Scott, Professor, Department of History Dissertation Director: Marcus Rediker, Professor, Department of History ii Copyright by John Donoghue 2006 iii RADICAL REPUBLICANISM IN ENGLAND, AMERICA, AND THE IMPERIAL ATLANTIC, 1624-1661 John Donoghue, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, April 30, 2006 This dissertation links the radical politics of the English Revolution to the history of puritan New England. It argues that antinomians, by rejecting traditional concepts of social authority, created divisive political factions within the godly party while it waged war against King Charles I. At the same time in New England, antinomians organized a political movement that called for a democratic commonwealth to limit the power of ministers and magistrates in religious and civil affairs. When this program collapsed in Massachusetts, hundreds of colonists returned to an Old England engulfed by civil war. Joining English antinomians, they became lay preachers in London, New Model Army soldiers, and influential supporters of the republican Levellers. This dissertation also connects the study of republican political thought to the labor history of the first British Empire. -
Political Theology and the Levellers: a Discussion Of
Durham E-Theses Political Theology and the Levellers: A discussion of the theological sources of the political thought of the Levellers and of some implications for modern understandings of political liberalism MASON, COLIN How to cite: MASON, COLIN (2009) Political Theology and the Levellers: A discussion of the theological sources of the political thought of the Levellers and of some implications for modern understandings of political liberalism , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/235/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Political Theology and the Levellers: A discussion of the theological sources of the political thought of the Levellers and of some implications for modern understandings of political liberalism Colin Mason Thesis submitted for Ph.D. degree Durham University Department -
1 La Vida Y La Obra De Edward Sexby El Militar Puritano Y Nivelador
La vida y la obra de Edward Sexby El militar puritano y nivelador Edward Sexby nació en Suffolk en 1616, cuando Carlos I tenía 16 años. Sexby tenía ya veintisiete años cuando ingresó en plena guerra civil en el regimiento de caballería de Oliver Cromwell en 1643, formado por aquellos célebres soldados apodados los Ironsides o costillas de hierro. En 1647, cuando Sexby todavía formaba parte del regimiento, que estaba entonces bajo las órdenes de Thomas Fairfax, participó en el movimiento de los soldados que se oponía a la eliminación del ejército. Fue uno de los agitadores y desempeñó un papel activo en los debates del consejo del ejército, los llamados debates de Putney, en octubre de 1647 Sus discursos fueron muy vigorosos. Era delegado de un regimiento y se opuso violentamente a Cromwell. También se opuso a cualquier arreglo con el rey y exigía el sufragio universal para todos los hombres adultos. En 1651 Cromwell y el comité de inteligencia del consejo de Estado enviaron a Sexby en una misión a Francia. Se le encargó informar sobre la condición política y la actitud del pueblo. Negoció con Armando de Borbón, príncipe de Conti, y los frondistas de Guyana, a quienes les propuso un acuerdo del pueblo para establecer una constitución republicana en Francia, junto con los hugonotes de Languedoc. Sexby corrió peligros en aquella misión, pero logró darse cuenta de que la Fronda había degenerado en una querella entre los nobles y que estos no querían en realidad establecer una república. Regresó a Inglaterra en agosto de 1653, y un año después recibió mil libras por los gastos en que había incurrido durante su viaje. -
Left History 9.2 229 Field. If One Had to Point to Any Weaknesses in This
Left History 9.2 229 field. If one had to point to any weaknesses in this study, I would say that I sometimes wanted to hear the sources speak more clearly for themselves. I wanted to read, for instance, the words of band members as they appealed to Indian Affairs, or those of self-satisfied Indian agents as they rejected their appeals. More substantively, some might suggest that Brownlie is over ambi- tious with this project; that one is hard-pressed to cover the history of treaty rights, band politics, the organization of First Nations relief, health care, edu- cation, and even Native participation in fairs in some 150 pages. On the other hand, what might be seen as a limitation might also be this book's unique appeal. What it offers is the "big picture" of a small picture. When I finished it, I felt I could imagine the day-to-day life of an interwar reserve in greater totality than was previously possible. Given most scholars' on-going preference for narrowly defined projects of historical research, this "slice-of-life" study comes as a welcome addition to the historiography. More than this, this is the kind of book you could give to an undergraduate class and have them walk away with a solid understanding of the grievances which underlie modem Aboriginal rights movements. And, in light of Brownlie's own commitment to "dismantl[ing] colonialism in Canada" (154), I would think that broadly educating the next generation would be seen as a most worthy goal. Sharon Wall University of British Columbia l For instance, in a 1994 CO-authoredarticle, Brownlie took issue with those historians who "go beyond the argument for the recognition of Native agency to one that uses evi- dence of Native resilience and strength to soften, and at times to deny, the impact of colonialism, and thus, implicitly, to absolve its perpetrators." Clearly Brownlie does not wish to do this here.