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Virgin Islands National Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report

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Virgin Islands National Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Virgin Islands National Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2010/226 THIS PAGE: Underwater ecosystems including coral reefs are a primary natural resource at Virgin Islands National Park. National Park Service photograph. ON THE COVER: This view of Trunk Bay shows the steep slopes characteristic of Virgin Islands Na- tional Park. National Park Service photo- graph courtesy Rafe Boulon (Virgin Islands National Park). Virgin Islands National Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2010/226 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 July 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U. S. Government. Printed copies of this report are produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is available from the Geologic Resources Inventory website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/inventory/gre_publications.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/ NRPM). Please cite this publication as: Hall, K. and K. KellerLynn. 2010. Virgin Islands National Park: geologic resources inventory report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2010/226. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 161/104872, July 2010 ii NPS Geologic Resources Division Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... vi Credits ........................................................................................................................................................................ vi Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Geologic Resources Inventory ............................................................................................................... 1 Park Setting ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Geologic Issues .............................................................................................................. 5 Slope Stability and Erosion ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Windblown Dust .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Sea Level Rise............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Anthropogenic Modifications ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Recreational Impacts .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Benthic Habitat Mapping ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Geologic Features and Processes ................................................................................ 10 Beach Types ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Coastal Sediments ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Coral Reefs ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Igneous and Volcanic Features and Processes ............................................................................................................. 10 Salt Ponds .................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Seismic Activity .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Paleontological Resources .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Map Unit Properties .................................................................................................... 19 Geologic History .......................................................................................................... 23 Lameshur Volcanic-Intrusive Complex ......................................................................................................................... 23 Louisehoj Formation ................................................................................................................................................... 23 Outer Brass Limestone ............................................................................................................................................... 23 Tutu Formation .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Dikes, Narrows Pluton, and Virgin Gorda Batholith ..................................................................................................... 24 Surficial Deposits ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Glossary ........................................................................................................................ 25 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................ 28 Additional References ................................................................................................. 31 Appendix A: Overview of Digital Geologic Data ....................................................... 32 Appendix B: Scoping Meeting Participants ................................................................ 35 Attachment 1: Geologic Resources Inventory Products CD VIIS Geologic Resources Inventory Report iii List of Figures Figure 1. Map of Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands ........................................................................ 3 Figure 2. Tectonic map of the Caribbean plate ................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 3. Seismicity map of Central America and the Caribbean........................................................................................ 4 Figure 4. Rockslide ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 5. Relative coastal vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 6. Geomorphologic areas ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 7. Cobbles and beachrock ................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 8. Cobblestone beach ........................................................................................................................................
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