details: www.ssl.energy.gov. details: fluorescent benchmarks. of short falls performance their that finds and date, to lamps replacement T8 LED different 12 tested has gram pro CALiPER DOE’s manufacturers? lamp-ballast systems, as claimed by many fluorescent T8 to equivalent “drop-in” a lamps replacement LED Are fixtures. fluorescent of base installed significant a represent and applications, lighting specified incommercialandinstitutional foot fluorescent T8lampsarecommonly four- with fixtures “troffer” Recessed replacement applications? performance shouldbuyersspecifyfor efficiency? WhatlevelofLEDproduct distribution, colorquality, andenergy cent T8 systemsintermsoflightoutput, do theseproductscomparetofluores ating inthelightingmarketplace.How LED T8 replacementlampsareprolifer LED T8 Replacement Lamps Specification Series: LED Performance lower lightoutputhowever. not enoughtocompensateforthemuch light islostinsidethefixture. Thiswas because LEDsaredirectional,soless T8s LED with higher was ciency effi fixture T8s. Average fluorescent the of that below significantly was the LED T8 replacementperformance CRI, and efficacy, luminaire output, fixture two-lamp efficacy, system two-lamp initial On T8s. fluorescent for average the one-third about was tested replacements T8 LED the of output light lamp bare initial Average Table1. in benchmarks rized andcomparedwithfluorescent (bare lampandinafixture)aresumma 1 See CALiPER Round 5 and Round 9 summary reports for additional additional for reports summary 9 Round and 5 Round CALiPER See

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- light outputtofluorescentwoulddraw38watts,increasing totalener equivalent producing T8 LED an lm/W.efficacy, 70 that At approximately is date to measured efficacy highest The watt. per lumens 44 is date to CALiPER by tested T8s would have to achieve to meet the specified initial light output. Median efficacyLED for age varies. Table 2belowshowstheefficacylevelsmostcommon LED T8 wattages Note that luminous efficacy for the LED T8 is not specified. This is because LED T8 watt ciation, and the better fixture efficiency measured with LED T8s compared to fluorescent. matching fluorescent T8 lumens, and accounting for fluorescentmended ballast specifications aresummarizedin Table 3(over).Initial light outputisbasedon factor, lumen depre What performance level is reasonable to demand of LED T8 replacements? DOE’s recom Performance Minimum Defining become twotothreetimesmoreefficaciousthantheyare today. to need will T8s energy,LED save also and T8s fluorescent to output light equivalent T8 REPLACEMENT LAMPS LED PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION SERIES: Initial LuminaireEfficacy(lm/W) Fixture Efficiency(%) Initial CRI Initial 2-LampFixtureLightOutput(lm) Initial 2-LampSystemEfficacy(lm/W) Initial LampLightOutput(lm) Performance Characteristics frosted lens,allinamediumbi-pin T8 lamppackage. LED T8 replacementsmaycontaindozensofhighpowerLEDsorhundreds5mmbehindaclear LED T8wattage Table 1.CALiPERTest Resultsfor4-footLEDT8 Provide LightOutputEquivalenttoFluorescent Replacements withFluorescentBenchmarks 15 16 17 18 19 20 Table 2.ImpliedLEDT8LampEfficacyto (12 lampstested) 597 –2,038 345 –1,579 LED T8Replacements Implied efficacyfor2,700initiallumens (lm/W) 17 –57 74 –86 63 –76 19 –76 Range Average 1,563 1,111 41 83 71 50 180 169 159 150 142 135 (75 lamps) Mfr. Data 75 –80 3,577 2,778 Fluorescent Benchmarks 64 74 87 gy use. (2 fixturestested)

To provide CALiPER 4,064 3,091 57 66 82 --- continued >

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Photo credit: PNNL LED T8 REPLACEMENT LAMPS 2

Table 3. Suggested Specifications for A Strong Energy Portfolio Four-Foot LED Linear Replacement Lamps for a Strong America Performance Attribute Specification Notes Energy efficiency and clean, renewable Initial minimum lamp light output 2,700 lumens Based on equivalency to fluores- energy will mean a stronger economy, a LED useful life is based on cent T8 (average of 75 T8 lamps) cleaner environment, and greater energy 70% lumen maintenance. with the following: independence for America. Working – Average initial fluorescent Fluorescent T8 lamps have with a wide array of state, community, much higher lumen mainte- T8 lumens = 2,778 industry, and university partners, the nance, about 94%. The initial – Normal ballast factor = 0.87 lumen specification for LED T8 – Depreciation of fluorescent lamp U.S. Department of Energy’s Office aims to ensure equivalent output lumens at time of relamping of Energy Efficiency and Renewable to fluorescent T8. (70% of rated life) = 0.94 Energy invests in a diverse portfolio Measured fixture efficiency with – Fixture efficiency factor, fluores- of energy technologies. LED T8s averaged 17% higher cent compared to LED = 0.17 than with fluorescent, due to – Fluorescent depreciated lumens LED directionality. = 1,886 For more information contact: – Divide by 0.7 to get LED initial EERE Information Center lumens = 2,694, round to 2700 1-877-EERE-INF Minimum lamp life, L70 35,000 hours Fluorescent T8 rated life averages (1-877-337-3463) Unlike for conventional light Ask for 6000 hours of integral 24,000 hours on 3-hour starts and www.eere.energy.gov sources, there is no standard life lamp operating data (not just 30,000 hours on 12-hour starts, rating method for LED T8 lamps. LED data). Lumen mainte- both on instant start ballasts. The products are too new nance at 6000 hours should be Longer life of 40,000 hours or to have long-term operating at least 94.1% of initial value. more is possible with programmed data available. start ballasts. Luminous intensity distribution Varies, but users are strongly encouraged to evaluate intensity distributions in comparison to those from fluorescent systems. If For Program Information possible ask for an intensity distribution plot for the LED T8 lamps in on the Web: the intended fixture type (e.g., parabolic, lensed, etc). www.ssl.energy.gov Correlated color temperature Nominal CCTs and tolerances Chromaticity tolerances defined DOE sponsors a comprehensive (CCT) (Kelvin) as defined in ANSI_NEMA_ in ANSI C78.377 correspond to ANSLG C78.377-2008, approximately 7-step Macadam program of SSL research, development, “Specifications for the ellipses for fluorescent chromaticity. and commercialization. Chromaticity of Solid State In addition to the six nominal CCTs Lighting Products.” defined for fluorescent sources, For Program Information: Nominal CCT Tolerance the standard defines 4500K and 5700K for SSL products. 2700 K 2725 ± 145 Kelly Gordon 3000 K 3045 ± 175 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 3500 K 3465 ± 245 Phone: (503) 417-7558 4000 K 3985 ± 275 E-mail: [email protected] 4500 K 4503 ± 243 5000 K 5028 ± 283 PNNL-19316-1 5700 K 5665 ± 355 April 2010 6500 K 6530 ± 510 Minimum CRI 80 Equivalent to 800 series fluores- cent lamps. Warranty 3 years Electrical Safety ANSI/UL 8750

What information should you request from the LED T8 replacement lamp manufacturer? • LM-79 photometric test report from a CALiPER-qualified or NVLAP-accredited laboratory (see DOE SSL website www.ssl.energy.gov for more information). • Lumen maintenance testing on the full lamp. At least 6,000 hours is recommended.