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Zeyve Höyük-Porsuk: Bilan Des Recherches Sur Les Niveaux Du Bronze Et Du

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Zeyve Höyük-Porsuk: Bilan Des Recherches Sur Les Niveaux Du Bronze Et Du Zeyve höyük-Porsuk : bilan des recherches sur les niveaux du Bronze et du Fer Dominique Beyer To cite this version: Dominique Beyer. Zeyve höyük-Porsuk : bilan des recherches sur les niveaux du Bronze et du Fer. Premières Rencontres d’Archéologie de l’Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes - Archéologies et espaces parcourus, Nov 2010, Istanbul, Turquie. pp.45-56. halshs-00718906 HAL Id: halshs-00718906 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00718906 Submitted on 19 Jul 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ZEYVE HOYUK-PORSUK : BILAN DES RECHERCHES SUR LES NIVEAUX DU BRONZE ET DU FER Dominiqu B y r Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7044 [email protected] Résumé : C sit d Cappadoc m)ridional , au pi d d la cha-n du Taurus, a .ait l/o01 t d r ch rch s arch)ologiqu s d puis la .in d s ann) s 30. Fond) au6 nvirons d 1300 aC, il st occup) durant tout la p)riod hittit , c ll d l/anci n royaum comm c ll d l/ mpir . L/un d s int)r9ts du sit st d pr)s nt r )gal m nt, sous d s niv au6 h ll)nistiqu s t romains, un occupation d l/:g du F r, mais dont l s d)0uts sont ncor di..icil s ; .i6 r dans l t mps d manièr pr)cis , après un hiatus cons)cuti. ; la d struction viol nt au Bronz R)c nt. L s r ch rch s l s plus r)c nt s m tt nt surtout n lumièr l/importanc inatt ndu d la p)riod hittit anci nn . Mots clés : Cappadoc m)ridional , Bas Pays hittit , P)riod hittit anci nn , P)riod hittit imp)rial , :g du F r, :g du Bronz , Forti.ications, Tunna/Dunna, inscription louvit hi)roglyphiqu Abstract: This sit south o. Cappadocia, at th .oot o. th Taurus, is th su01 ct o. archa ological r s arch sinc th lat 30s. Found d around 1300 BC, it is a s ttl m nt throughout th Hittit p riod, th anci nt kingdom as w ll as th mpir . On o. th sit As advantag s is th pr s nc , und r th Roman and H ll nistic p riod, o. an Iron A2 s ttl m nt, whos origins ar still di..icult to .i6 in tim pr cis ly, a.t r a hiatus r sulting .rom th viol nt d struction o. th Lat Bronz Ag . Th lat st works show th un 6p ct d importanc o. th anci nt Hittit p riod. Keywords: South rn Cappadocia, Hittit low land, Anci nt Hittit p riod, Imp rial Hittit p riod, Iron A2 , Bronz Ag , Forti.ications, Tunna/Dunna, Luwian hi roglyphic inscription n d)tail, r marquant l s v stig s d/un sort d pot rn av c appar il d pi rr d/allur hittit 2. Il propos d/y voir la Tunna/Dunna d s t 6t s assyri ns t hit- tit sN. V rs 1930, c/ st un 0ulldoz r, lors d la r)alisation d la p tit rout qui 0ord l sit , qui d)plac un dall d pi rr ; inscription louvit hi)roglyphiqu prov - nant vrais m0la0l m nt d l/ 6tr)mit) ou st d c t hGyHk, larg m nt ntam) par c s tra- vau6 : l/inscription m ntionn un g)n)ral ParahwarasO, su1 t du roi Masaurhisas, sans Figure 1 dout vassal du roi d Tuwanuwa Dla Tyan / st dans un vall) long ant l pi d classiqu F v rs la .in du 8 siècl aC. C tt du Taurus, près d la p tit vill d)couv rt st ; l/origin d s pr mièr s d/UlukBCla Dvilay t d NiEd F, n Cap- missions d .ouill , con.i) s dès 1938 ; Oli- C vi r P lon. Il y mèn 15 campagn s 1usqu/ n padoc m)ridional , qu s situ Porsuk, 5 qui st )gal m nt connu par l/app llation 2002. J lui succèd n 200N . local d Z yv hGyHk Dfigs. 1-2F. L/un d s int)r9ts ma1 urs d c sit r)sid pr)cis)m nt dans sa localisation sur l/un d s grand s voi s d communication qui assur nt la liaison ntr l plat au anatoli n t l mond syro-m)sopotami n par l/int rm)diair d s Portes Ciliciennes ; trav rs la cha-n du Taurus. C tt montagn , sans dout la IMontagn d/Arg nt/ d s t 6t s m)sopota- mi ns, )tait rich n gis m nts d plom0 t d/arg nt, dont l s min s )tai nt ncor n Figure 3 activit) dans un pass) r)c nt1. L sit , d O50 sur 200 m nviron Dfig. 3F, compr nd R ; 8 m nviron d couch s arch)ologiqu s qui s sup rpos nt sur un ta0l d conglom)rat qui o..rait, ; la con.lu nc d d u6 rivièr s, un situation privil)gi) pour un ha0itat .orti.i). En d hors d s kerpiç, larg m nt utilis)s na- tur ll m nt dans la construction, l s pi rr s prov nai nt d l/impr ssionnant montagn d gyps qui domin l sit , ; l/Ou st, t d gis m nts voisins .ournissant 0locs t plaqu s d grès. Pas d di..icult) non plus pour l/appro- visionn m nt n 0ois d cèdr , d pin ou d 2 Forrer 1937. Figure 2 3 On pourra consulter un historique des premières C/ st Ramsay, visitant l sit n 1891 t n découvertes chez Dupré 1983. 4 Hawkins 1969. 1902, qui m ntionn c sit d Porsuk pour 5 On trouvera les résultats des fouilles récentes dans les la pr mièr .ois. Forr r n 1923 l/ 6amin différents rapports publiés dans Anatolia Antiqua à partir de 2004, voir la bibliographie en fin d’article. Pour un résumé des acquis de la mission Pelon, cf. 1 Cf. Pelon/Kuzucuoğlu 1999. Pelon 2005. g n)vri r, spèc s qui d vai nt prosp)r r sur l s p nt s du Taurus. Figure 5 Figure 4 La tour Est, r)c mm nt d)gag) , t prot)- g) provisoir m nt par un toit d tTl s, cons rv En raison d la pr)s nc d/importants un )l)vation r marqua0l t d nom0r us s niv au6 d/occupation romain t h ll)nis- poutr s d l/am)nag m nt int)ri ur Dfig. 5F8. tiqu s, l/ 6ploration d s niv au6 l s plus anci ns, appart nant ; l/:g du Bronz t ; c lui du F r, s/avèr di..icil . Jusqu/; pr)- s nt, l s r ch rch s ont )t) pour l/ ss nti l limit) s au6 6tr)mit)s Est t Ou st du sit , l s chanti rs IV t II, oS d/importants v stig s d s systèm s d .orti.ication ont pu 9tr mis au 1our. En r vanch , la zon int rn du hGyHk r st inconnu . L Bronz R)c nt Il s m0l qu la plus anci nn occupation du sit corr spond ; la .in du Figure 6 Bronz Moy n t au d)0ut du Bronz r)c nt, Sur la p nt ou st, nous avons pu montr r soit au6 nvirons d 1300 aC, c/ st-;-dir qu l s murs d la port , cons rv)s ; un haut ur durant la p)riod d l/Anci n Royaum hit- d 3 mètr s, ont )t) pro.ond)m nt ins)r)s tit , comm l montr nt qu lqu s t ssons t par l s 0Utiss urs ; l/int)ri ur du .lanc du )chantillons d c)r)al s t d 0ois car0o- sit , coupant l s 0ancs d conglom)rat ; la 0as nis)s, analys)s par C1O ou d ndrochronologi 3. Il Dfig. 6F. L s murs, d kerpiç sur sou0ass m nt st t ntant d li r la .ondation d la cit) au6 d pi rr s, r n.orc)s par d s cha-nag s d activit)s d s .ils du roi Hittit Hattusili I r 0ois t un r mplissag d mo llons d gyps , ont dans la r)gion d TuwanuwaR. )t) ainsi appliqu)s contr l s d u6 cTt)s du C/ st ; c tt p)riod qu/il .aut rattach r passag 9. l/)di.ication du systèm d .orti.ication du L s murs d part t d/autr n/apparti nn nt Chanti r II, cons rv) d manièr ass z pourtant pas ; la tout pr mièr installation Dqu impr ssionnant , av c un passag condui- nous app lons Porsuk VIF: la port d la phas sant v rs l/int)ri ur du sit , ; trav rs un la plus anci nn st situ) plus ; l/int)ri ur, couloir coud), prot)g) par d u6 tours Dfig.
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