TRANSATLANTIC MAIL STUDY GROUP OF THE British North American Philatelic Society

Newsletter No. 70 August 1999

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (4)

This is the last planned PEI special issue; I hope I have also tried to make some sense of the rates that more such material will be found and will that appear on the early letters and to list and include it in future News-letters, but I believe illustrate the route options for mail to and from that the subject of the trans-Atlantic mails of the island, by period. This last is only by nature PEI through to Dominion has been reasonably of a guess and I would welcome your corrections well-covered now. It remains in this issue to (with sources !). I would also welcome any bring up to date the information from the earlier information on other PEI covers and collections Newsletters and include some of the illustrations that you have unearthed in the meantime. Now, previously excluded on grounds of lack of space. how about sending me New Brunswick material?!

THE CHANGE OF NAME

Figure 1: Edinburgh, Scotland to Prince Edward Island, 4`h March 1800.

St. John's Island was renamed Prince Edward under its new name. It comes from the same Island in 1799. The letter at Figure 1 is the correspondence as the majority of the early Pnrliest that I have seen addressed to the island covers, a prepaid letter from Edinburgh to James Douglas, the comptroller of customs at The letter arrived in on 29`h April Charlottetown, but through the Customs Officer 1800 and was marked in transit with the 2-line at Halifax. Prepayment was `212' (2s 2d Stg): is `HALIFAX APR 29 1800' handstamp, in black. It 2d, the rate for 600-700 miles (Edinburgh to was either delivered to/collected by the Halifax Falmouth was 666 miles) and is the Packet fee Custom House and then returned to the post. from Falmouth to North America (37 Geo. III, Cap. 18, effective 5`h January 1797). Additional charges were raised in North America: `41/2' and `21/2' (pence, Cy). It is these The letter was carried from Falmouth by the charges that are difficult to explain as 4'/2d Cy is Packet `Princess Hobart' ('Handbook on too low a charge for the land journey from Transatlantic Mail', JC Arnell (Editor)): `Princess Halifax to Pictou, although this cannot be ruled Hobart' left Falmouth on 18`h March 1800 and out. The 2'/2d charge, possibly a ship charge, is in made Halifax on 291h April 1800. a different hand to the first.

REVISED BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ser Author Title Comment

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1. R.E.R. Dalwick `Prince Edward Island'. `The Postage Stamp Handbook' series. Date of (edited by Fred J. publication unknown (between the wars?), price Melville). sixpence. An essential element of any PEI collection!

2. Douglas Campbell `Prince Edward Island Postal History, Privately published. 1790-1860'.

3. Leslie G. Tomlinson. `Prince Edward Island Cancellations, `The London Philatelist' July 1849, et seq. 1817-1873'. Extensively quoted by JC Lehr.

4. Leslie G. Tomlinson, `Prince Edward Island'. Published by `The Postal History Society', in 1959. Nugent M. Clougher. A useful background, with some sources, probably much quoted in later publications.

5. C.M. Jephcott, V.G. `The Postal History of Nova Scotia Published in 1964; contains a great deal of Greene, and New Brunswick, 1754-1867'. information (and sources) about mail movements John H.M. Young to and from PEI; in the main gives sources.

6. Robson Lowe. `The Encyclopaedia of British Empire Published in 1973; essential reading, but a little Postage Stamps', Volume V, pages thin on sources. 402-421.

7. James C. Lehr. `The Postage Stamps and A comprehensive review, predominantly of the Cancellations of Prince Edward philatelic aspects of the subject. Island'.

8. G. Douglas Murray. `2000 Postmarks of Prince Edward A comprehensive reference volume for the Island, 1884-1995'. postmarks.

ROUTES, RATES AND DATES

I have often maintained that the Newsletter is a I have tried to gather together what has been good place to speculate and seek advice before published and link the information to known committing to a more carefully prepared work. I sources. I will also consider it alongside the am about to test my theory! One thing about known letters to the island. which all previous writers have agreed is that there is a dearth of factual information about the Rates established by law: PEI Post Office. There is also very little material available for study, although that has improved The legal rates for the North American Colonies recently with the appearance of the `Douglas' had originally been established in the reign of correspondence. Queen Anne and were reaffirmed in 1765, under 5 Geo. III, Cap. 25, 10th October 1765 ( the rates Table II (page 316), 1800-1835: are in Stg and I have added Cy equivalents; it should be noted that these varied slightly from Halifax to Pictou: 7d Cy time to time): Halifax to PEI, via Pictou: 9d Cy

Inland: ... and, rather unhelpfully: 0-60 miles: 4d Stg/41/z Cy 61-100 miles: 6d Stg/7d Cy Table III (page 316), 1818-1835: 101-200 miles: 8d Stg/9d Cy Pictou to Halifax: 9d Cy Between two ports in North America: 4d Stg/41/2d Cy Table IV A (page 317), 1835 - 4`h January 1843: Ship letter fees: Halifax to PEI (unpaid) 8d Cy Outbound: ld Stg/Cy Halifax to Pictou (paid or unpaid) 7d Cy Incoming: 2d Stg/21/2d Cy Halifax to Amherst (paid): 7d Cy Plus inland rates (if any). Halifax to Amherst (unpaid): 9d Cy Pictou to PEI (paid or unpaid): 41/2d Cy 'Be Packet rates from the UK are listed at (a footnote states that the rate was is in winter). TANEWS #64, page 10. Amherst (formerly Cumberland) and Pictou are These rates remained the legal basis for the included as they appear to be the main routes to Maritime Provinces until 1851 when the Colonies PEI at these times. The rates may have been began to assume control of their postal affairs. complicated (for instance, a letter carried by an However, the rates were not consistently applied unusual route) by the practice which had unpaid and John Howe Senior, Deputy Postmaster letters being rated from post town to post town General at Halifax, stated that he was aware of (page 228) and by the 2d fee allowed way office no official rates when he assumed his office. keepers.

Jephcott, Greene and Young (JGY) quote a At page 228, JGY states: letter from him dated 4`b April 1817 to Francis Freeling, Secretary of the General Post Office, `Prior to 1842, the postage charged on single letters London (Post Office Archives, 239B/27' June between Halifax and Charlottetown was 8 pence. 1817): On January 5`4, 1843 the postage on such letters was increased to 11'/2 pence in winter and 9 pence '... when you enquire of me the exact Rates of the in summer.' Internal Postage, and under what authorities these Rates are generally regulated - I am at a loss to Fortunately, for the purpose of the trans-Atlantic answer you. -The only Paper I could ever find in mails, this can be ignored , for the Colonial the office on the subject I now inclose you. -It is in portion of the postage was by this time wrapped the handwriting of Mr. Peters, who was PostMaster up (after 1840) into the uniform is 2d through here many years ago; and in whose time the rate between the United Kingdom and PEI. present Rates of Postage were principally settled. In adjusting any new Route I have merely There is little information to be gleaned about proportioned it as near as I could to the postage rates prior to 1817, but the other sources give required from any old office at a similar distance. some confirmation of the rates from Halifax to But I have long been of the opinion that these rates PEI, for instance, Robson Lowe has (page 360): bear no proportion to each other.' 'In Currency, 1800-1835: So, while noting the official rates , the actual rate Halifax to Pictou: 7d may as well be determined by recording the Halifax to PEI via Pictou: 9d surviving examples. All known variants are listed In Currency, 1818-1835: in the table which follows (pages 7/8). John Pictou to Halifax: 9d Howe Senior and his son who succeeded him Prior to 1842, a single letter from Halifax to continued to set their own rates; JGY provide Charlottetown cost 8d. Legal rates came into force some further details in various tables. These based on mileage on 5' January 1843 and these tables appear to be the best-authenticated of the remained until 6' July 1851. The rate from Halifax accounts and may provide the source for some to Charlottetown was then increased to 111/2d in other references published later. winter via Amherst and 9d in summer via Pictou.' To return to JGY. Table IV B (page 321, 1835 - 4`h January 1843 adds the following information:

From Halifax to Prince Edward Island From Halifax to Prince Edward Island during the summer via Pictou during the winter via Amherst

5d 5d Truro 62 Truro 65

7d 4d Pictou 9d 5d Amherst 102 40 141% 76'

8d 4%d Prince Edward 8d Charlottetown 158 90 50 Island 211Y 146/ 70

ROUTES

The early routes from Halifax to Charlottetown Indeed, it is necessary to make an assumption: are open still to some speculation, but while that no private carriers raising independent speculating it is worth bearing in mind that many charges were involved. of the known letters passed through the hands of third parties, variously merchants in Halifax, or Distances: Halifax to Pictou overland was 102 Joshua Newton at the Halifax Custom House. miles, in the table of distances and rates These `agents' could be expected to be published by the Nova Scotia and New particularly well informed of coastal shipping and Brunswick Post Offices 1835-1843. Pictou to may have directed letters by seemingly obscure Prince Edward Island is shown as 50 miles. The routes; a few letters may have been carried winter route was longer: Halifax to Amherst was privately to Charlottetown, thus avoiding further 1411/2 miles and Amherst to Charlottetown, 70. postal charges. The options appear to have been: Whether there is any significance in the lack of 1. Across Nova Scotia to Pictou or Amherst and consistency in these tables is also open to then by boat to Charlottetown (Tatamagouche is speculation. For instance, the summer route is also mentioned as an early transit point). shown to PEI, the winter (for which no examples of trans-Atlantic mail are yet recorded, please 2. Direct by boat to Charlottetown. check your collections!) is shown to Charlottetown. If this was deliberate, it could 3. By boat via some intermediate port, perhaps account for additional charges raised in PEI ... Pictou or Sydney. but this is, again, pure speculation. Effective 5`h January 1843 the distance from Halifax to Prince It would be nice to be able to make assertions Edward Island is given as 145 miles in summer about the routes, but it is just not possible. and 210 miles in winter.

CURRENCY

JGY, at Table X (page 340 ) give Sterling/ This is not entirely consistent with Charles de Currency conversions `According to Post Office Volpi's work on currency fluctuations, which Regulations', but these may not tell the whole suggests a much less stable situation in North story. Amongst them are (until 1851): America. Further, there is no explanation for quoting the 8d rate between Halifax and ld Stg: id Cy Charlottetown occasionally quoted. If Currency, 2d Stg: 2'/,d Cy this would have represented a 7d Sterling rate, 4d Stg: 4'/2d Cy which could have only have occurred by some for 6d Stg: 7d Cy of aggregation. If Sterling, it casts some doubt on 8d Stg: 9d Cy other rates given. These problems are unlikely to is Stg is 1'/2d Cy be clarified! ROUTES TO PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

Serial Dates Route Source/Remarks

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1. 1775 Winter: Wood is: and-Pictou J.C.Lehr.

2. 1790's Summer: Charlottetown-Pictou Jephcott, Greene & Young. Winter: Cape Travers-Cape Tormentine Believed to be infrequent.

3. 1801 Charlottetown-Pictou J.C.Lehr. Packet service assumed to be short-lived.

4. 1816 Charlottetown-Pictou J.C.Lehr. Packet service.

5. 1832 Charlottetown-Pictou Jephcott, Greene & Young. Packet service; believed to be short-lived.

6. 1836 PEI (1842 Bedequee)-Baye Verte , New Brunswick Jephcott, Greene & Young.

7. 1840's Summer: Georgetown , Belfast and Wood Island-Pictou J.C.Lehr. Packet service. Winter: Cape Traverse-Amherst via Cape Tormentine

8. 1840's on Occasionally Bedeque to Shediac J.C.Lehr.

9. 1847 Charlottetown-Shediac Jephcott, Greene & Young.

10. 1849 Charlottetown-Pictou Jephcott, Greene & Young.

11. 1854 Charlottetown- Pictou and Charlottetown-Summerside-Shediac Jephcott, Greene & Young.

12. 1855 Above plus Charlottetown-Richibucto, New Brunswick J.C.Lehr.

13. 1859 Summer: PEI-Pictou and Shediac J.C.Lehr. Winter: Cape Travers-Cape Tormentine

14. 1860 Steamship connection with railway from St. John, New Jephcott, Greene & Young. Brunswick at Shediac

15. 1864 Steamship service Charlottetown , Shediac and Miramichi Jephcott, Greene & Young.

16. 1864 Steamship service Charlottetown , Halifax and Boston. Jephcott, Greene & Young.

The cover below, courtesy of Ron Saint, was The Falmouth Packet `Manchester' carried it to prepaid 8d Cy at Charlottetown, taken across the England where it was charged 2s 2d Stg, the Northumberland Strait presumably to Pictou, Packet rate between North America and thence overland to Halifax. London.

Figure 2: Charlottetown to London, 1" May 1820. ROUTES TO PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

Figure 3 : Eighteenth Century options between Halifax and Charlottetown.

Charlottetown

Cape Traverse

I Georgetown

Belfast ant B > To ah Cape Tormentine

Amherst Pictou To Halifax I L Ir

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Figure 5: Georgetown, PEI to Edinburgh, Scotland, 22°d July 1850.

Allan Griffiths has provided the illustration at the only recorded example of this handstamp), it Figure 5, a double rate letter posted in the year was carried by the Cunard Line `America' to after the postage between the United Kingdom Liverpool. First addressed to Rugby, it was and PEI was reduced to a shilling, if via Halifax. redirected and charged a further twopence as a Paid two shillings at George-Town (and I believe double letter to Edinburgh. LATER COVERS

The two cover which follow illustrate the period The second, provided by Martyn Cusworth, shortly after the reduction in the postage rate shows the specially designed stamp used only between the United Kingdom and PEI to from June 1870 to February 1872 . Both were threepence Sterling, fourpence halfpenny carried out through Halifax , Nova Scotia, the Currency. The first (ex Carr collection,, present first by the Inman Line `City of Baltimore', the whereabouts unknown) has been franked by two second by the Allan Line `Hibernian'. Other twopence stamps and a bisected penny to make examples of mail carried to and from PEI would up the fourpence halfpenny Currency rate. be gratefully received.

Figure 6 : PEI to County Tyrone, 141h December 1870.

Figure 7: Charlottetown, PEI to Edinburgh, Scotland, January 1872. THE

I am grateful to Mike Salmon (a collector of follow. Although a little later than the period Prince Edward Island who has recently joined covered, it gives a valuable insight into the the Study Group) for the extracts from the routes and methods of communication and a Intercolonial Railway 1907 publication which touch of the 'life and times'.

YI PUBLICATIONS MURRAY_ BAY«;SERVICE 'ISSUED.BY;

Levis ana M MuairmWind .ev3e ntercolori al : Railwa 7 ;Levis, Dept . 13. B. ^" Champlain .., - Ri7lere Oaelle Wharf Ar Cap LAlgle. -..nip i6 a" 1 Murray 13&7.. ;s..8. „Champlain". leaves R[v. St.Irene....3- ..:.:...... _.::: Ouelle Wbt ... Dep Riv.Oealle-Wharf ..Ar iz INTERCOLONIAL Arrives St. Irene...... Riv.Oaelle Wharf ...... Dep Levis -err. _.. ;12.461 Titre Table; of.:'s .Famous - Train M u r r ay '.THE;"MARITIME '"EXPRESS " -•Ths --S. S. " Champlain " will run betweenBiviere )uelle Wharf and North Shore;'. with descriptive notes. weather permitting , and will call at Pap I'Aigie and St Irene nnir when there` are passengers to land or take on but . will not cell at these places 'rri= rough weather or "atter dark.

INTERCOLONIAL - i--Daily except Bundm. "FISHING ` AND HUNTING Descriptive. of the Fishing and ]{iiiing Resorts reached by theIntercolonial Railway.

INTERCOLONIAL THE INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY of Canada is in more senses;, than one the People's Line. As a government road it in -owned by" "TOURS TO SUMMER " HAUNTS the people, and in .the operating of the line this principle is ever kept An illustrated booklet describing the places of most view, so that the beat available servioe will be'given .: In another sense it is the People's Line, because it is poppular as the great All Canadian system interest.to the summer visitor and the only All "• Raii line from Monttealto ' the extreme points of the; .Maritime Provinces. It in . equally popular ae'.the great tourist and;° sportsman'. route, and that by which the desirable places in the Provinces by the Sea can be most conveniently reached. VIA THE'INTERCOLONIAL FOR The Intercolonial Railway, with the Prince Edward Island Railway: "'A'WEEK ` INTHE CANAANWOODS embraces nearly 1,700 miles -of thoroughly built road with rail,and` An illustrated folder interesting to steamer connections for' many hundreds of miles in "addition to this . and' it traverses the most varied and inviting tourist country on the continent.` hunters of big game. Each year the. advantages of this route are becoming better known and' the volume of travel is increasing, until the ' country '`the Intercolonial, attracts tourists from.. every part of the civilized .world: INTERCO.LGINI-AL Starting from, , .the Interoolonial crosses the Victoria Jubilee Bridge, passing through the beautiful country east of"the ?Canadian `THE HUNTING GROUNDS OF THE'MICMACS"',_k Metropolis and takes the shortest and most direct route to . In: -this noted city, where the romance • of - history is impressed' upon the' Briefly. telling of some Indian historic lore of the North visitor at every, turn, there is much to attract and occupy the stranger, '-Z Shore of New Brunswick, and also of .and one would be.reinctant to leave -it Were there not so much of a glop- its present sporting possibilities,, one country yet to. be Been along the-route to the east and south of the Ancient Capital.;, Following the south "shore of the Lowe wit. Lawrence", the Intercolonial makes its way among picturesque, French-Canadian villages, and reaching such well known summer resorts as Riviera du Loup; IN T ERCOLONIAL Cacoana and Little Matis, with other places most attractive to tourists. Beyond , these it: traverses. the. Matape is Valley and enters upon the' "BIG GAME OF THE SOUTH WEST MIRAMICHI": great salmon and trout fishing region. Thin includes the Matapedia`and' other streams in Quebec, as well as the Camcapedis and other noted riverd" Describes a famous hunting and fishing territory in Gaspe, with the famed Reetipouche, Nepisignit and Miramiehi in New. the Fredericton Section of the Iiitercolomal Brunswick. 'The Restigouche is the boundary ;river-between' the two'` provinces, and after passing, Campbellton the Railway runs alongg the Railway and how best reached-from shore of the Bade des'Chaleurs. On the opposite side of this-wonderful stations along that division. haven- Is seen the Gaspe Peninsula, the land of bold and improseive scenery.- On the New Brunswick. side'suuh places as Dalhousie :and Bathurst have 'Write to General Passenger Department, Moncton, N. B. much to attract,'while'further on- are the `flourishing towns of Newcastle; and Chatham.. From Chatham, the Fredericton section of the-Inter colonial runs through the famous. Miraniichi' districtto -Fredericton the beautiful capital of the Province, on the river St. ,John,- and along this`

Figure 8: Introductory pages on Intercolonial Railway. (Courtesy Mike Salmon)

70-11 THE INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY

: INTERCOLONIAL RAI L LATER NLONIAL" RAILWAY] STEAMER CON'N ECTIONS: STEAMER.C.O:NNECTIONS.

WBATHHB PERILIRTING" STEAMER' CONNECTIONS.- NTINUE EASTPORT ,' PORTLAND , BOSTON ,% ETC. MuLGRAVE , N. S.-S.S."John L. Cann will leave for Canso Tuesday . Thursday " The Eastern S. S. Co.-advise: and Saturday, and for Guycboro on Monday, aad:Friday: =' 6ommenc[ng 'April - 8th Steamers of this line will leave St. John on Tuesday and Friday , at 6.80 . p. in. Returning leaves Boston, Monday and S. S. "P. L. M. Paint" win leave daily. ( except Sunday) for Port Hawkesbarys. Thursday at9 a. m.,•. and Port Hastings. and connecting from the above ports with all regular express trains, until close of navigation, The'Plant Steamship Line . advise '.commencing May lst,, Steamer leaves Halifaz ednesday atmidnlght for Boston . Returning leave Boston for Halifax Saturday Mon. S. S. '^ Percy Cana " will leave daily (except Sunday) for Arichat. Petit de Grat Distance .....:...... Sa miles

.y NEWFOUNDLAND VIA NORTH SYDNEY. _ When navigation opens steamer Empress will leave Point do Chene daily except Sunday for Summerside after arrival of train leaving St. John at 11.45 S.S BruceleaveaNorthSydneyTueeday , ThnredayandSaturday on arrival of Moncton 14.4.5, -• - - Hxpreea Train from the want connecting at Port anx Basques with the Reid Newfoundland Company System, Returning. S. S. "Brace" leaves Port anx QUEBEC , DUE.-Ferry steamers ( after 25th November) every 30 minutes between Basques Monday Wednesday . Friday. John's, on the arrival oftrain leaving St. Qoebee'and Levi,, up to 6.00 p. in ., after that boarsp6cialtripe--From Qnebee Newfoundland , Sunday, Tuesday and. Thursday at 5 p in. (Newfoundland time). . - 7.00 D. m., - 200 p.m •, 11,80 p . m, From Levis 7.80 D. m., 9 . 30 D. m.. and uiid- Sleeping and dining cars on all "Pro m trains between AL John's and Port anz 00 p. in., and after that every half hour Basques.. 'night: Sunday every hour until 1 . until 8,00 p. in, Distance--109 miles between N. Sydney and , Por auzasques.t B ST. JOHN , N. B.-Pickford & Black 's steamships will leave fortnightly com- mencingNovember 14th, for Bermuda, St. Lucia. Barbados ,. Trinidad and Nora-passengers from Newfoundland for'Montreal and western points should stop every Your weeks at St,- Edtts,- Antlgda, -Montserrat, St. Vincent, take train No.- 20 which makes connection at Truro with ()owada' a Famous Grenada,Tobago.

. Riverside HAUFAX ,` N, S.--S. S. "Dufrerln " leaves Thursday& 10.00 D . m. for S. B. "Beaver " will leave alternate Thursdays for Albert, Waterside and Intermediate Port. returning Tuesday. . Harvey Bann . Hillsboro and Hopewell Cape.

S. S. Pierre Miquelon " leaves Halifax for St . Pierre and Miquelon every S. S. "Aurora" of the Grand Manan Steamship's Co.'s Line, will leave Wednes- alternate Monday dating from November 18th. calling at North Sydney , C.B. day at 7.80 am. for Grand Manan, via Eastport and Campobello, Returning will leave Grand Manan every Monday at 8.90 s . in. for St. John via Eastport S. S.' Margaret " will leave Cook's wharf every Friday night at 10 o'clock 'and Campobello. for Sheet Harbor, calling at Jeddore , Owl's Head, Ship Harbor, Tangier and Spry Bay. Distance-St.John and Grand Manan. 55 miles. 8.8, "Katbinka " leaves monthly for Santiago and Jamaica S. S. "Benlac" will leave Thursdays at 6.00 p. m for Yarmouth and South Shore 8.8. "Atlantic" will sail for Bridgewater direct on Saturday April 6th at 7. a.m. points. .snd regularly thereafter on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The steamer calla at La have and Conquerall Bank. B. S. "Brunswick " Will leave Tuesday evening (according to tide) for Bass River. Maitland , Canning, and Parraboro. 8. S. "Senlac ", leaves every Monday at 5.00 D. in. for Lnnenburg, Liverpool:' . _Lockeport, Shelburne. Barrington, Yarmouth. Dominion Atlantic B.S. "Prince Rupert" leaves SL John Monday, ednesday and Saturday at 7.45 a. m. for Digby: arrives at St. John at 6 p .- M. , B. S. ' Mahone ", will.: make weekly trip to Mahone Bay. and Chester, calling EUROPEAN STEAMSHIP SAILINGS. Plekford & Black's steamers will leave every twelve days for Bermuda, West Indies, and Demerara (See daily papers or exact date.) FURNESS LINE.

S. S, Beta will leave on the 20th of every month for Bermuda, Turk's Island ENO. Faom H--AX Santiago and Jamaica, Fog LONDON , ENO. Fnog HALIFAX Fog LIyERFOOI , S. S. 'Kanawha . .. .. May 17 -- + 8.8." Dluuda"...... May 21 8. 8 Boston sails the 28th of every month for Santiago Ond Jamaica ' "St. John City" ...... "Annapolis '...... June 4 '*llappahannock"...... May 31 " Dahome "...... June 18 Laupar sells the 12th of every month for Santiago and Jamaica, ''ohenandoah"...... l... June 15 "U lunda...... July 2 "Itanawba '...... :-. June 90 _ :. ^.. B. S_ Bridgewater " will leave Campbell's wharf every Wednesday at 10 p.m. for Port Hilford, Port lhkerton, Isaac's Harbor, Goldboro, Whitehead, EUROPEAN MAIL SERVICE. 'Canso, Qneeneport and Guy share. -A special passenger and mail train leaves Montreal at 19 .45 every Friday for 8.8. "Dufferin" will sail from Pant Wharf every Thursday at 10.00 p. in. for North Sydney, where connection is made with the outward bound mail steamers. 1 Sherbrooke, calling at Port Dufferin, Moser River, Ecuen Boom, Mane '..Joseph. Liscomb and Sonora. European mail Steamers inward and outward bound will until the season of navigation through the Straits of Belle Isle is open , leave off and take on the Bee special notice for Eastport. Portland and Boston connections above.' <.. mail at North Sydney , and after the arrival of the inward bound mail steamer a special train will be run toMontreal . - , IONA.-S. B. "Blue HID" connects with trains 19 and 20, to and from Baddeck =

Figure 9: Steamer connections to Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. (Courtesy Mike Salmon)

Comments, further inputs (especially photocopies) and contradictions, please, to:

Malcolm B Montgomery 76 Glen Eyre Road Southampton S016 3NL ENGLAND Telephone 44 (0)1703 768222 E-mail: [email protected]

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