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Railway from St TRANSATLANTIC MAIL STUDY GROUP OF THE British North American Philatelic Society Newsletter No. 70 August 1999 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (4) This is the last planned PEI special issue; I hope I have also tried to make some sense of the rates that more such material will be found and will that appear on the early letters and to list and include it in future News-letters, but I believe illustrate the route options for mail to and from that the subject of the trans-Atlantic mails of the island, by period. This last is only by nature PEI through to Dominion has been reasonably of a guess and I would welcome your corrections well-covered now. It remains in this issue to (with sources !). I would also welcome any bring up to date the information from the earlier information on other PEI covers and collections Newsletters and include some of the illustrations that you have unearthed in the meantime. Now, previously excluded on grounds of lack of space. how about sending me New Brunswick material?! THE CHANGE OF NAME Figure 1: Edinburgh, Scotland to Prince Edward Island, 4`h March 1800. St. John's Island was renamed Prince Edward under its new name. It comes from the same Island in 1799. The letter at Figure 1 is the correspondence as the majority of the early Pnrliest that I have seen addressed to the island covers, a prepaid letter from Edinburgh to James Douglas, the comptroller of customs at The letter arrived in Nova Scotia on 29`h April Charlottetown, but through the Customs Officer 1800 and was marked in transit with the 2-line at Halifax. Prepayment was `212' (2s 2d Stg): is `HALIFAX APR 29 1800' handstamp, in black. It 2d, the rate for 600-700 miles (Edinburgh to was either delivered to/collected by the Halifax Falmouth was 666 miles) and is the Packet fee Custom House and then returned to the post. from Falmouth to North America (37 Geo. III, Cap. 18, effective 5`h January 1797). Additional charges were raised in North America: `41/2' and `21/2' (pence, Cy). It is these The letter was carried from Falmouth by the charges that are difficult to explain as 4'/2d Cy is Packet `Princess Hobart' ('Handbook on too low a charge for the land journey from Transatlantic Mail', JC Arnell (Editor)): `Princess Halifax to Pictou, although this cannot be ruled Hobart' left Falmouth on 18`h March 1800 and out. The 2'/2d charge, possibly a ship charge, is in made Halifax on 291h April 1800. a different hand to the first. REVISED BIBLIOGRAPHY PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHY Ser Author Title Comment (a) (b) (c) (d) 1. R.E.R. Dalwick `Prince Edward Island'. `The Postage Stamp Handbook' series. Date of (edited by Fred J. publication unknown (between the wars?), price Melville). sixpence. An essential element of any PEI collection! 2. Douglas Campbell `Prince Edward Island Postal History, Privately published. 1790-1860'. 3. Leslie G. Tomlinson. `Prince Edward Island Cancellations, `The London Philatelist' July 1849, et seq. 1817-1873'. Extensively quoted by JC Lehr. 4. Leslie G. Tomlinson, `Prince Edward Island'. Published by `The Postal History Society', in 1959. Nugent M. Clougher. A useful background, with some sources, probably much quoted in later publications. 5. C.M. Jephcott, V.G. `The Postal History of Nova Scotia Published in 1964; contains a great deal of Greene, and New Brunswick, 1754-1867'. information (and sources) about mail movements John H.M. Young to and from PEI; in the main gives sources. 6. Robson Lowe. `The Encyclopaedia of British Empire Published in 1973; essential reading, but a little Postage Stamps', Volume V, pages thin on sources. 402-421. 7. James C. Lehr. `The Postage Stamps and A comprehensive review, predominantly of the Cancellations of Prince Edward philatelic aspects of the subject. Island'. 8. G. Douglas Murray. `2000 Postmarks of Prince Edward A comprehensive reference volume for the Island, 1884-1995'. postmarks. ROUTES, RATES AND DATES I have often maintained that the Newsletter is a I have tried to gather together what has been good place to speculate and seek advice before published and link the information to known committing to a more carefully prepared work. I sources. I will also consider it alongside the am about to test my theory! One thing about known letters to the island. which all previous writers have agreed is that there is a dearth of factual information about the Rates established by law: PEI Post Office. There is also very little material available for study, although that has improved The legal rates for the North American Colonies recently with the appearance of the `Douglas' had originally been established in the reign of correspondence. Queen Anne and were reaffirmed in 1765, under 5 Geo. III, Cap. 25, 10th October 1765 ( the rates Table II (page 316), 1800-1835: are in Stg and I have added Cy equivalents; it should be noted that these varied slightly from Halifax to Pictou: 7d Cy time to time): Halifax to PEI, via Pictou: 9d Cy Inland: ... and, rather unhelpfully: 0-60 miles: 4d Stg/41/z Cy 61-100 miles: 6d Stg/7d Cy Table III (page 316), 1818-1835: 101-200 miles: 8d Stg/9d Cy Pictou to Halifax: 9d Cy Between two ports in North America: 4d Stg/41/2d Cy Table IV A (page 317), 1835 - 4`h January 1843: Ship letter fees: Halifax to PEI (unpaid) 8d Cy Outbound: ld Stg/Cy Halifax to Pictou (paid or unpaid) 7d Cy Incoming: 2d Stg/21/2d Cy Halifax to Amherst (paid): 7d Cy Plus inland rates (if any). Halifax to Amherst (unpaid): 9d Cy Pictou to PEI (paid or unpaid): 41/2d Cy 'Be Packet rates from the UK are listed at (a footnote states that the rate was is in winter). TANEWS #64, page 10. Amherst (formerly Cumberland) and Pictou are These rates remained the legal basis for the included as they appear to be the main routes to Maritime Provinces until 1851 when the Colonies PEI at these times. The rates may have been began to assume control of their postal affairs. complicated (for instance, a letter carried by an However, the rates were not consistently applied unusual route) by the practice which had unpaid and John Howe Senior, Deputy Postmaster letters being rated from post town to post town General at Halifax, stated that he was aware of (page 228) and by the 2d fee allowed way office no official rates when he assumed his office. keepers. Jephcott, Greene and Young (JGY) quote a At page 228, JGY states: letter from him dated 4`b April 1817 to Francis Freeling, Secretary of the General Post Office, `Prior to 1842, the postage charged on single letters London (Post Office Archives, 239B/27' June between Halifax and Charlottetown was 8 pence. 1817): On January 5`4, 1843 the postage on such letters was increased to 11'/2 pence in winter and 9 pence '... when you enquire of me the exact Rates of the in summer.' Internal Postage, and under what authorities these Rates are generally regulated - I am at a loss to Fortunately, for the purpose of the trans-Atlantic answer you. -The only Paper I could ever find in mails, this can be ignored , for the Colonial the office on the subject I now inclose you. -It is in portion of the postage was by this time wrapped the handwriting of Mr. Peters, who was PostMaster up (after 1840) into the uniform is 2d through here many years ago; and in whose time the rate between the United Kingdom and PEI. present Rates of Postage were principally settled. In adjusting any new Route I have merely There is little information to be gleaned about proportioned it as near as I could to the postage rates prior to 1817, but the other sources give required from any old office at a similar distance. some confirmation of the rates from Halifax to But I have long been of the opinion that these rates PEI, for instance, Robson Lowe has (page 360): bear no proportion to each other.' 'In Currency, 1800-1835: So, while noting the official rates , the actual rate Halifax to Pictou: 7d may as well be determined by recording the Halifax to PEI via Pictou: 9d surviving examples. All known variants are listed In Currency, 1818-1835: in the table which follows (pages 7/8). John Pictou to Halifax: 9d Howe Senior and his son who succeeded him Prior to 1842, a single letter from Halifax to continued to set their own rates; JGY provide Charlottetown cost 8d. Legal rates came into force some further details in various tables. These based on mileage on 5' January 1843 and these tables appear to be the best-authenticated of the remained until 6' July 1851. The rate from Halifax accounts and may provide the source for some to Charlottetown was then increased to 111/2d in other references published later. winter via Amherst and 9d in summer via Pictou.' To return to JGY. Table IV B (page 321, 1835 - 4`h January 1843 adds the following information: From Halifax to Prince Edward Island From Halifax to Prince Edward Island during the summer via Pictou during the winter via Amherst 5d 5d Truro 62 Truro 65 7d 4d Pictou 9d 5d Amherst 102 40 141% 76' 8d 4%d Prince Edward 8d Charlottetown 158 90 50 Island 211Y 146/ 70 ROUTES The early routes from Halifax to Charlottetown Indeed, it is necessary to make an assumption: are open still to some speculation, but while that no private carriers raising independent speculating it is worth bearing in mind that many charges were involved.
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