American Rhododendron Society VALLEY FORGE CHAPTER
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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Rhododendron L. Section Pentanthera G
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF RHODODENDRON L. SECTION PENTANTHERA G. DON (ERICACEAE) BY KATHLEEN ANNE KRON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1987 , ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the supervision and encouragement given to me by Dr. Walter S. Judd. I thoroughly enjoyed my work under his direction. I would also like to thank the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Bijan Dehgan, Dr. Dana G. Griffin, III, Dr. James W. Kimbrough, Dr. Jonathon Reiskind, Dr. William Louis Stern, and Dr. Norris H. Williams for their critical comments and suggestions. The National Science Foundation generously supported this project in the form of a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant;* field work in 1985 was supported by a grant from the Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina. I thank the curators of the following herbaria for the loan of their material: A, AUA, BHA, DUKE, E, FSU, GA, GH, ISTE, JEPS , KW, KY, LAF, LE NCSC, NCU, NLU NO, OSC, PE, PH, LSU , M, MAK, MOAR, NA, , RSA/POM, SMU, SZ, TENN, TEX, TI, UARK, UC, UNA, USF, VDB, VPI, W, WA, WVA. My appreciation also is offered to the illustrators, Gerald Masters, Elizabeth Hall, Rosa Lee, Lisa Modola, and Virginia Tomat. I thank Dr. R. Howard * BSR-8601236 ii Berg for the scanning electron micrographs. Mr. Bart Schutzman graciously made available his computer program to plot the results of the principal components analyses. The herbarium staff, especially Mr. Kent D. Perkins, was always helpful and their service is greatly appreciated. -
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ERICACEAE
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ERICACEAE ERICACEAE (Heath Family) A family of about 107 genera and 3400 species, primarily shrubs, small trees, and subshrubs, nearly cosmopolitan. The Ericaceae is very important in our area, with a great diversity of genera and species, many of them rather narrowly endemic. Our area is one of the north temperate centers of diversity for the Ericaceae. Along with Quercus and Pinus, various members of this family are dominant in much of our landscape. References: Kron et al. (2002); Wood (1961); Judd & Kron (1993); Kron & Chase (1993); Luteyn et al. (1996)=L; Dorr & Barrie (1993); Cullings & Hileman (1997). Main Key, for use with flowering or fruiting material 1 Plant an herb, subshrub, or sprawling shrub, not clonal by underground rhizomes (except Gaultheria procumbens and Epigaea repens), rarely more than 3 dm tall; plants mycotrophic or hemi-mycotrophic (except Epigaea, Gaultheria, and Arctostaphylos). 2 Plants without chlorophyll (fully mycotrophic); stems fleshy; leaves represented by bract-like scales, white or variously colored, but not green; pollen grains single; [subfamily Monotropoideae; section Monotropeae]. 3 Petals united; fruit nodding, a berry; flower and fruit several per stem . Monotropsis 3 Petals separate; fruit erect, a capsule; flower and fruit 1-several per stem. 4 Flowers few to many, racemose; stem pubescent, at least in the inflorescence; plant yellow, orange, or red when fresh, aging or drying dark brown ...............................................Hypopitys 4 Flower solitary; stem glabrous; plant white (rarely pink) when fresh, aging or drying black . Monotropa 2 Plants with chlorophyll (hemi-mycotrophic or autotrophic); stems woody; leaves present and well-developed, green; pollen grains in tetrads (single in Orthilia). -
The Natural Communities of South Carolina
THE NATURAL COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA BY JOHN B. NELSON SOUTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE & MARINE RESOURCES DEPARTMENT FEBRUARY 1986 INTRODUCTION The maintenance of an accurate inventory of a region's natural resources must involve a system for classifying its natural communities. These communities themselves represent identifiable units which, like individual plant and animal species of concern, contribute to the overall natural diversity characterizing a given region. This classification has developed from a need to define more accurately the range of natural habitats within South Carolina. From the standpoint of the South Carolina Nongame and Heritage Trust Program, the conceptual range of natural diversity in the state does indeed depend on knowledge of individual community types. Additionally, it is recognized that the various plant and animal species of concern (which make up a significant remainder of our state's natural diversity) are often restricted to single natural communities or to a number of separate, related ones. In some cases, the occurrence of a given natural community allows us to predict, with some confidence, the presence of specialized or endemic resident species. It follows that a reasonable and convenient method of handling the diversity of species within South Carolina is through the concept of these species as residents of a range of natural communities. Ideally, a nationwide classification system could be developed and then used by all the states. Since adjacent states usually share a number of community types, and yet may each harbor some that are unique, any classification scheme on a national scale would be forced to recognize the variation in a given community from state to state (or region to region) and at the same time to maintain unique communities as distinctive. -
Recent Trends in Certified Organic Tree Fruit in Washington State: 2016
Recent Trends in Certified Organic Tree Fruit in Washington State: 2016 Document date June 8, 2017 Elizabeth Kirby and David Granatstein WSU-Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources In cooperation with Washington State Department of Agriculture Organic Program, Oregon Tilth, and CCOF Document Outline Slides • Introduction 3 • Demand Trends 3 - 9 • Global and National Area 10-19 • Washington State Trends 21-25 • Organic Apples 26-55 • Organic Pears 56-64 • Organic Cherries 65-71 • Soft Fruit 72 • Exports 73-77 • Additional U.S. Data 79-82 Abbreviations used: CSANR WSU Center for Sustaining Agriculture & Natural Resources CSA Community Supported Agriculture operation AMS USDA Agricultural Marketing Service ERS USDA Economic Research Service NOP USDA National Organic Program 2 NASS USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service WSDA Washington State Dept. of Agriculture The following set of slides presents the current data on organic tree fruit area and production for Washington State, with some associated global and national data. Data come from various sources including certifiers [e.g., Washington St. Dept. of Agriculture (WSDA) Organic Program; Oregon Tilth Certified Organic (OTCO), California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF)], The World of Organic Agriculture annual publication http://www.organic-world.net/index.html, USDA, Calif. Dept. Food and Agric. (CDFA), and industry sources [Washington State Tree Fruit Association (WSTFA), Wenatchee Valley Traffic Association (WVTA), Washington Growers Clearinghouse (WGCH), Pear Bureau Northwest (PBNW)]. Data from WSDA were extracted on March 27, 2017. Organic agriculture continues to be consumer driven. Globally, retail sales of organic food were $81.6 billion in 2015. The U.S. was the largest single country market (35.8 billion €), followed by Germany (8.6 billion €), France (5.5 billion €), and China (4.7 billion €). -
Towards Broader Adaptability of North American Deciduous Azaleas Alexander Q
Towards Broader Adaptability of North American Deciduous Azaleas Alexander Q. Susko, James M. Bradeen, and Stan C. Hokanson orth American deciduous azaleas have and many shades in between, providing tremen- long been adored by horticulturists. dous spring and summer interest in the garden. NThese plants, which belong to the Quickly recognized for their horticultural merit, genus Rhododendron sect. [section] Pentan- North American deciduous azaleas piqued the thera, comprise 15 species distributed from interest of plant collectors upon their discovery Texas to Florida, extending northwards to and continue to be widely lauded by gardeners southern Maine, and with one species occurring today. This has led to a proliferation of cultivars in mountainous areas of Oregon and California. and interspecific hybrids that provide a beauti- These species display a wide range of flower ful floral display every year both in gardens and color, from pure white to deep orange, pink, in the wild (Azalea Society of America 2016). WILLIAM (NED) FRIEDMAN As a common name, “rhododendron” usually refers to large evergreen shrubs whose flowers have ten stamens, such as this elepidote cultivar ‘Album Grandiflorum’ (accession 22810-A) growing in the Arnold Arboretum’s Rhododendron Dell. 16 Arnoldia 74/2 • October 2016 Over 240 unique accessions of Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera exist at the Arnold Arbore- tum including many interspecific hybrids, vari- The Linnaean system classifies organisms into ous cultivars, and 12 of the 15 deciduous azalea increasingly narrow groups until reaching the species native to North America (Table 1). The individual species level. Classification (to the accessions at the Arnold Arboretum have ori- section level) for the North American deciduous gins in a wide range of environments and could azaleas is shown here (US-GRIN 2016). -
Fitness Fair
The Current September 1, 2019 ISSUE #9 Subscription Price: FREE A Physician led 501 (c)(3) federal income tax exempt public charitable organization with a mission to improve the health of our A Monthly Publication of the Oshkosh Seniors Center supported by The Friends of the Oshkosh Seniors Center, Inc. local community. Join us for a Brain Fitness Fair Wednesday, September 11 10 am to 1 pm * Breakout Sessions Keynote Speaker: * Memory Screening Stephanie Garland, APNP Neurology * Expert Vendors * Brain Healthy Cooking Demo * Door Prozes * Free Samples and tokens To see the newsletter on-line go to: www.ci.oshkosh.wi.us/Senior_Services/ 920-232-5300 Newsletter Folding (S) Wednesday, September 18, 1 pm Please join us in folding our newsletters. Choice Bank provides refreshments. The newsletter will be ready for delivery on Thursday, September 19. If you are unable to deliver your route, please call Sara at 920-232-5310. Thank you volunteers for your commitment to newsletter folding and delivery! Not registered as a volunteer? Please see a staff member. OSC will be closed Monday, September 2 WHAT’S IN THIS ISSUE? Classes are listed alphabetically by category and then by date order. Volunteer Opportunities Page 2 Social and Educational Page 19-25 Support Opportunities Page 3 Other Available Services Page 26 Enrichment Page 4-7 Upcoming Page 27 Fitness Page 9-11 Friends of OSC Page 28 Wellness Page 12-16 Winnebago Senior Tours Page 29-31 Senior Expo Page 18 2 How Can YOU Support the Center? It has been another successful year of Food Truck Fridays. -
The Red List of Rhododendrons
The Red List of Rhododendrons Douglas Gibbs, David Chamberlain and George Argent BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the International, Richmond, UK world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve © 2011 Botanic Gardens Conservation International threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of ISBN: 978-1-905164-35-6 human needs. Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is undertaken through a partnership between FFI and BGCI, working with a wide range of other The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not organizations around the world, to save the world’s most threatened trees imply any expression on the part of the authors and the habitats in which they grow through the provision of information, or Botanic Gardens Conservation International delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use. -
Vascular Plant Inventory and Ecological Community Classification for Cumberland Gap National Historical Park
VASCULAR PLANT INVENTORY AND ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY CLASSIFICATION FOR CUMBERLAND GAP NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK Report for the Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories: Appalachian Highlands and Cumberland/Piedmont Networks Prepared by NatureServe for the National Park Service Southeast Regional Office March 2006 NatureServe is a non-profit organization providing the scientific knowledge that forms the basis for effective conservation action. Citation: Rickie D. White, Jr. 2006. Vascular Plant Inventory and Ecological Community Classification for Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. Durham, North Carolina: NatureServe. © 2006 NatureServe NatureServe 6114 Fayetteville Road, Suite 109 Durham, NC 27713 919-484-7857 International Headquarters 1101 Wilson Boulevard, 15th Floor Arlington, Virginia 22209 www.natureserve.org National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Atlanta Federal Center 1924 Building 100 Alabama Street, S.W. Atlanta, GA 30303 The view and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. This report consists of the main report along with a series of appendices with information about the plants and plant (ecological) communities found at the site. Electronic files have been provided to the National Park Service in addition to hard copies. Current information on all communities described here can be found on NatureServe Explorer at www.natureserveexplorer.org. Cover photo: Red cedar snag above White Rocks at Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. Photo by Rickie White. ii Acknowledgments I wish to thank all park employees, co-workers, volunteers, and academics who helped with aspects of the preparation, field work, specimen identification, and report writing for this project. -
Swamp Azalea (Rhododendron Viscosum)
Swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) For definitions of botanical terms, visit en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms. Swamp azalea is a long-lived perennial shrub to small tree with fragrant, showy blooms. It occurs naturally in wet flatwoods, seep and bay swamps and along lake margins. It flowers in midsummer and is attractive to a variety of pollinators, including hummingbirds. Swamp azalea is Florida’s only white-flowered and summer- blooming rhododendron. Flowers are white and may be tinged with pink. The long corolla is tubular and covered in sticky, gland-tipped hairs. It opens into five lobes, exposing five conspicuous stamens that extend well beyond the corolla. Leaves are simple and elliptic to oblong with a minute tooth at the apex. They are alternately arranged. Leaf margins are finely pubescent. Photo by Stacey Matrazzo The genus Rhododendron comes from the Greek rhodon, or “rose,” and dendron, or “tree.” The species viscosum epithet refers to the viscous glands on the corolla tube. Family: Ericaceae (Heath family) Native range: Panhandle, North and Central Florida To see where natural populations of Swamp azalea have been vouchered, visit www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu. Hardiness: Zones 8A–9B Soil: Moist to wet, organic soil Exposure: Filtered shade Growth habit: 4–6’+ tall, often twice as wide Propagation: Seeds, cuttings, layering Garden tips: Swamp azalea may be difficult to establish in a home landscape as it requires moisture throughout the summer. Although shade-adapted, it can tolerate sunlight and does well in canopied areas with light gaps and on edges where it receives dappled sunlight. It is not salt tolerant. -
A Field Guide to Selected Trees and Shrubs of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Campus
A Field Guide to Selected Trees and Shrubs of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Campus Written and Illustrated by: Richard H. Uva Class of 1991 Department of Biology Univeristy of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth, MA Edited by: James R. Sears Professor of Biology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Converted to Web Format by: Sustainability Studies Seminar Class Spring 2012 University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 1 Table of Contents RED MAPLE Ȃ ACER RUBRUM ............................................................................................................. 4 YELLOW BIRCH - BETULA LUTEA ...................................................................................................... 6 GRAY BIRCH - BETULA POPULIFOLIA .............................................................................................. 8 SWEET PEPPERBUSH - CLETHRA ALNIFOLIA .............................................................................. 10 SWEETFERN - COMPTONIA PEREGRINE ........................................................................................ 11 FLOWERING DOGWOOD - CORNUS FLORIDA .............................................................................. 13 AMERICAN BEECH - FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA ................................................................................... 15 WITCH-HAZEL - HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA ................................................................................... 17 INKBERRY - ILEX GLABRA ................................................................................................................ -
After Two Decades of Research and Development, WA 38 Lands This Fall
he California Sunday Magazine AAfftteerr ttwwoo ddeeccaaddeess ooff rreesseeaarrcchh aanndd ddeevveellooppmmeenntt,, WWAA 3388 llaannddss tthhiiss ffaallll.. IItt ccoouulldd ddiissrruupptt aann eennttiirree iinndduussttrryy.. IItt’’ss aann aappppllee.. J U LY 1 8 , 2 0 1 9 By Brooke Jarvis Photographs by Aysia Stieb On a hot morning in Bloom, a time period that those who don’t work with tree fruit might call early May, the subject of this profile was in the midst of a busy couple of weeks, bursting into fuzzy green being somewhere on the order of tens of millions of times over. e leap from flower to fruit is a subtle one: By the time the bees have stopped by and the corolla of petals and pollen has dropped away, the ovary beneath the flower begins to swell into appledom. Bloom wore on, and the long rows of trees that march endlessly across the hillsides and river valleys of central Washington slowly lost their blanket of blossoms. e great hope of the state’s apple industry was born, and born, and born. In this particular orchard, high above a bend in the Columbia River, the baby apples owed their place in the sun to Scott McDougall, the fourth generation of his family to grow the fruit for market near Wenatchee, a town built right where the buck and roll of the Cascade Range give way to the arid central Washington steppe that, thanks to heavy irrigation, has become the nation’s most productive apple-growing region. When he started his own company in 1976, Scott was the Son part of McDougall & Sons; nowadays, he is the McDougall, and the company is a large, vertically integrated grower- packer-shipper.