Tour Notes

Enigmatic landscapes of – Tailormade Tour Duration – 17 Days

Tour Rating Fitness ●●●○○ | Off the Beaten Track ●●●●○ | Culture ●●●○○ | History ●●○○○ | Wildlife ●●●●○

Best time to travel May – November – Travel outside of this time is not possible due to road conditions in the West

Tour Highlights

✓ Experience the best of the spectacular landscapes and vistas of Madagascar. ✓ Diverse geography from and mountains to limestone massifs and coastal idylls. ✓ Spend time with the Mikea and Zafimaniry tribes, enjoying their customs, skills and crafts. ✓ Explore isolated and unfrequented far reaches of the island. ✓ View the fantastical tsingy features of the Bemaraha park and take on the Grand Tsingy circuit ✓ Encounter a superb cross-section of Madagascar’s endemic flora and fauna.

Tour Map

Enigmatic landscapes of Madagascar

Tour Essentials

Accommodation: Mix of simple but comfortable lodges, hotels and tented camps. 1 night in spent in basic accommodation. Included : Daily (B), plus (L) and dinners (D) as shown in the itinerary Group Size: Private tour with English speaking driver Start Point: End Point: Antananarivo Transport: 4WD road transport and one domestic flight from Antananarivo to Morondava Country Visited: Madagascar

Enigmatic landscapes of Madagascar The island of Madagascar occupies a unique place, both culturally and geographically, within Africa. Separated from the mainland millions of years ago, its fauna has developed very differently from the rest of the continent’s wildlife, and it is home to countless species found nowhere else on earth. Its people are an intriguing mix of Malay and African ancestry, with complex patterns of beliefs and an unusual history. Our adventure traverses some of the stunning landscapes that Madagascar has to offer as we seek out the most photogenic scenes and memorable canvases, as well at times, getting up close to the extraordinary flora, fauna and people of this enigmatic land. From the capital, we head south west to the land of the ancient baobab and the mesmerising and bird-life of Kirindy. Here is possibly the best chance on the island to spot the shy and elusive Fossa. Heading into the untrodden ways of the region, we visit Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park and have the chance to explore the other-worldly landscape of the tsingy from the exhilarating vantage point of the ‘via ferrata’ there. Further exploration of the less-explored areas of the island culminates on the beautiful west coast at the beach paradise that separates Mikea Forest from the Indian Ocean, giving you time to both relax and explore the Mikea people’s homeland. The return northwards takes in two of the very best National Parks: firstly the much vaunted and incredibly biologically diverse Isalo reserve, where stunning panoramas are complimented by beautiful natural springs and a reminder of the rapidly declining forest delights that once clad so much of Madagascar; and then the little-visited, but awe-inspiring granite topography of Andringitra. Before the journey is over, we head to the highlands where the Zafimaniry people ply their incomparable wood skills. Madagascar is unlike anywhere else on earth – join us to experience its diverse charms on a trip that will challenge what you thought you knew about Africa.

Tour itinerary notes The day-by-day itinerary as given below is an exemplar and, upon request, has a large degree of flexibility built in. This may include additional side excursions, stop-offs en route or indeed further days to visit other sites. Overnight stops may vary from those suggested and on occasions alternative accommodation, of a similar standard to that named below, will be used. Although we try to be as accurate as possible, distances and timings indicated in the itinerary are meant as guidelines only and can substantially vary from one departure to another one depending on local safety initiatives, road conditions, road traffic and other unforeseen events.

Tour Guide Our guides are a key strength, chosen for their knowledge of and passion for the areas in which they work. All of our guides are carefully hand-picked, and are not merely passing through these countries, but are usually locally born. Unlike some companies, it should be noted we do not send a guide or tour leader from Undiscovered Destinations in the UK: we have every confidence in our locally appointed representative who is responsible for operating the tour on our behalf. On this tour you will be accompanied by an English- speaking professional driver and in addition at the parks and reserves adopt the services of local park guides. It is also possible to be accompanied throughout the whole tour by a professional English-speaking guide. Just inform us of your preference.

Itinerary

Day 1: Arrive in Antananarivo Arrive in ‘Tana’. On arrival, you will be met and a member of our local team who will travel with you to the hotel. Depending on your time of arrival, you may have time to explore the city. Overnight Gassy Country House, or similar. No guided activities or meals are included today.

Accommodation Description: Gassy Country House: Simple but comfortable small-scale hotel Situated conveniently only 3 minutes from Ivato International Airport and 30 to 40 minutes to the centre this is a simple but comfortable small hotel designed for guests looking for comfort in a place not far from the centre and near the airport. A haven of local hospitality, guests at Gassy Country House are treated as friends rather than guests. The hotel accommodates only 30 guests and rooms are decorated vibrantly and offer a good level of comfort. Bathrooms are ensuite and some rooms have verandas. The hotel has a small swimming pool and terrace area to relax after or before a long flight. The restaurant offers a choice of European and Malagasy and there is also a small bar. WIFI is available at the hotel (connections cannot be guaranteed), as are services such as laundry. The local staff at the hotel is always happy to make local recommendations as well for eating out. The hotel accepts Visa credit card and also is able to change currency at good rates.

Antananarivo Antananarivo, locally known affectionately as ‘Tana’, is the capital and largest city in Madagascar. The name Antananarivo literally translates as ‘the City of the Thousands’, named after the thousand warriors of King Andrianjaka, who established Tana as the capital city of the Merina tribe at the end of the 16th century. The sacred city was largely chosen for its privileged location – being on high ground (1,370m) and surrounded by marsh made it easily defensible. By 1808, it had become the island’s effective capital city, as the Merina established overlordship of the whole island. Tana has idiosyncratic French and Asian inspired architecture with winding cobblestone streets and staircases that lend it a medieval air. The city is built on three essential levels, making it hilly, but very compact to explore. The main street of Araben ny Fahaleovantena (Avenue de l'Independence) is a good orientation point with sundry shops and excellent restaurants. Other attractions include the colourful daily flower market beside tranquil Lake Anosy and the botanical and zoological gardens, where you can view the egg and 3m-tall skeleton of the extinct , or . The Rova (Queen's Palace) burned to the ground in 1996; currently being restored, its gardens and partially renovated King’s House, baths and tombs are impressive and lend you a spectacular 360⁰ vista of the capital. Antananarivo may not have too much in the way of conventional sightseeing, but if you enjoy walking around, watching local scenes and experiencing the laid-back atmosphere that is prevalent here, the city is fascinating – vibrant markets, decadent colonial buildings, deliciously stocked cafés (a must!) and many craft shops make it a great destination to delve into.

Day 2: Antananarivo – Morondava – Kirindy (Flight – 1 hour; Drive time: approximately 2 hours) Enjoy a refreshing breakfast at the hotel before embarking on the first phase of this adventure in Madagascar. After breakfast our local team will meet with and brief you on the itinerary and your needs for the entirety of the tour. From here, transfer the short distance to the airport and fly to Morondava, a sleepy seaside town which provides the gateway to one of Madagascar’s most iconic sights: as you embark upon the drive to Kirindy, your route will lead you through the incomparable “Allée or Avenue des Baobabs”, a protected natural monument where the road is flanked by magnificent baobab trees, some of them calculated to be over 1000 years old, which tower above you on either side. After arrival and check-in at Kirindy’s bungalow accommodation in the forest, you will be guided on an hour’s hike in Kirindy Reserve. At around 6pm, you will meet your guide again for a thrilling night walk in search of an array of nocturnal creatures. Overnight Relais de Kirindy, or similar. (B)

Accommodation Description: Relais de Kirindy: Comfortable mid-range standard – Lodge Style A relatively new property, Relais du Kirindy is just a short drive from the dry deciduous Kirindy Forest, an excellent reserve to spot many endemic species of flora and fauna. The property has 26 spacious bungalows which are raised on desks. The bungalows have mosquito nets and fly screens. Cooling is by way of fan rather than air conditioning. En suite bathrooms are a feature of all bungalows. To the front one can relax on your own decking area. The main part of the lodge is very comfortable with a nice swimming pool to enjoy.

The restaurant serves good local and international options and there is a bar and open-plan lounge area to relax with a drink.

Kirindy Reserve This privately managed reserve preserve 100 km² of some of the most threatened and exquisite habitat on the island: famous for the iconic baobab tree, the dry deciduous forest that remains is a mere 3% of its original extent. This makes the landscape especially rich in flora and fauna which seek a refuge here. The reserve is home to 8 species of , most evident of which are the diurnal Common brown lemurs and the Verreaux's sifakas which abound in the high canopy. Kirindy also prides itself on being the island’s best site for seeing the Fossa, the only predator for lemurs and the world’s smallest primate, the Giant jumping rat, as well as dozens of amphibian and reptile species and 70 species of bird, including Madagascar crested ibis and several species of the endemic Vanga family (and no poisonous snakes!). The site has its present origins since the 1970s in sustainable logging which, evidenced by the abundance in wildlife, may well be the saving act for the remainder of the dry forest. Its success is best evidenced at night-time when nocturnal lemurs such as Grey mouse lemur, fat-tailed dwarf lemur and fork-marked lemur are relatively easily spotted and the rare White-breasted mesite emerge – a night’s stay here is definitely the best way to experience the park’s idiosyncrasies.

Lemurs Lemurs are a unique group of primates found only on Madagascar and the Comoros Islands. There are fifty species of lemurs, seventeen of which are on the endangered species list. Lemurs are prosimians, or primitive primates. They are social animals with long limbs, flexible toes and fingers, and long noses. Habitat loss is the main threat to lemurs today, as native forests are cleared for farmland. How and when lemurs became separated from the monkey family is unclear. Although it was once thought that lemurs were on Madagascar when the island separated from Africa, recent advances have shown that Madagascar was separated from Africa by hundreds of kilometres before lemurs evolved. Accordingly, the ancestors of Madagascar's lemurs must have crossed over from Africa on floating vegetation early in primate evolution and become isolated from Africa. Once on Madagascar, the lemurs evolved into the different species. Then, about 2,000 years ago, the first human settlers arrived on Madagascar from the Malaysian-Indonesian area. By the time the Europeans who wrote about the natural history of the island reached Madagascar in the mid- 1600s, 17 species of lemurs had become extinct.

Day 3: Kirindy – Bekopaka (Drive time: approximately 6 hours) Since Kirindy enjoys such a strong list of species of birds, you will explore the park on foot for 2 hours before breakfast to look for some of the rarities here. After breakfast, at around 9.00am, your 4X4 will drive you the 2 hours to Tsimafana through the majestic Baobab forest, surrounded by the rugged landscape and vivid red soils of the west. A small ferry-boat transfer across the languid waters of the River Tsiribihina takes you to Belo, home of the Sakalava tribe’s royal family and an ideal spot for a short break. Then head on to Bekopaka for another 4 hours of adventure along the dirt track. This drive, only passable in the dry season, brings us to an isolated and stunning part of Madagascar, the African-style-bush western region of the country with its arid, russet terracotta soil. Here, one gets some insight into the lifestyles of the , eking out an existence in the driest part of the country. You will arrive in Bekopaka by end of the afternoon and check into the lodge, perched above the Behamara National Park, with its swimming pool that boasts incomparable views of the immediate region. Overnight Le Soleil des Tsingy lodge, or similar. (BD)

Accommodation Description: Soleil de Tsingy: Superior small scale - lodge style This small scale intimate lodge has just 17 bungalows and provides guests with a private and secluded experience. Each bungalow provides en-suite facilities and has its own terrace, allowing guests to relax and admire the outstanding views. Constructed with local, natural materials, the wooden bungalows are appointed with hand-made furnishings and decorations, ensuring the lodge is in keeping with its surroundings.

Communal areas include a comfortable lounge, and pool room complete with board games. Outside, a large terrace offers views of the canopy below, with a 15-metre pool in which guests can unwind after a day of exploring the surrounding area. The lodge restaurant offers a nice blend of traditional Malagasy and European . The lodge location is excellent for exploring the stunning limestone karsts of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park.

Day 4: Bekopaka - Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park This morning, experience the exquisite beauty of the landscape from the timeless elegance of pirogue: you sail along the river to the dramatic Gorge of Manambolo admiring the splendour of the environment. The scenery is framed by gravity-defying undercut sandstone cliffs topped by luxuriant forest. Afterwards there will be the opportunity to take an hour-long walk on the Petit Tsingy circuit and enjoy the panoramic view atop the dizzying plateaux. If the challenge wins you over, the route of the Grand Tsingy circuit with its precipitous walkways and awe-inspiring vistas is also highly recommended for you tomorrow. Overnight Le Soleil des Tsingy lodge, or similar. (BD)

Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park The Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park is an unmissable site for those travelling in the west side of Madagascar. Designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1990, it comprises of 1575 km² dominated by the limestone which rises 400m above the valley floor at its highest point. The remoteness of the area meant that it wasn’t until 1998 that the southern half was designated a National Park. Visitors come for a variety of reasons: first and foremost, it is a sight whose beauty is almost unfathomably varied, from a multitude of intricately eroded pinnacles (tsingy literally means “walking on tiptoes”) and labyrinth of deep, impenetrable humid gorges to placid mangrove swamps and unsullied swathes of deciduous forest canopy – a veritable photographer’s dream. Many people will opt for the exhilarating via ferrata tsingy trek, characterised by extraordinary feats of engineering to suspend walkways and, ladders and cables which thread their way through the karst spires, high above the forest floor. The two main routes – Petit and Grand Tsingy require patience and a decent head for heights but offer astounding visual rewards. Of equal draw is the wildlife: endemism here is thought to be at 80%! The dry western deciduous forest houses plants typical of these dry limestone areas, such as species of Aloe and Baobab Andasonia, as well as the red-flowered flamboyant tree, Delonix regia, which is so widely seen in the tropics. Nature lovers seek out the critically endangered stump-tailed chameleon, the 11 species of lemur on view, including Decken's sifaka, Fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cleese's woolly lemur and the Sambirano lesser bamboo lemur. The bird list stands at over 100 species, including many ornithologists’ most-prized Madagascan bird, the Madagascar fish eagle. Amazingly, the 45 reptile and amphibian species which are found here are all endemic.

Day 5: Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park Enjoy a further day in this incredible park. You can opt to take the more challenging Grand Tsingy circuit (speak to one of our team if you would like a personal account of this trek) or simply enjoy the views from the pool deck at the lodge. Overnight Le Soleil des Tsingy, or similar. (BD)

Day 6: Bekopaka – Morondava (Driving time: approximately 8 to 10 hours) After breakfast and perhaps a quick early morning swim, take the 4x4 track south towards Morondava. The route will be broken by a series of stops to take in the myriad of photo opportunities that arise as you pass through the arid western landscape. The drive will be timed with the ultra-rewarding aim of reaching the Allée des Baobabs for sunset, the best time at which to capture the drawing out of the trees’ shadows and the softening of the light and colours at this unique location. The last half hour drive will take you to your comfy beach-side hotel at Morondava with its beautiful outlook. Overnight Hotel Palissandre Cote Ouest resort, or similar. (BD)

Accommodation Description: Palissandre Cote Ouest: Small scale comfortable beach property Located on Nosy Kely beach, this Palissandre Cote Ouest is a small scale but stylish property with 30 thatched bungalows set in well-maintained gardens scattered with coconut palms, each with air-conditioning, en-suite bathrooms and a private terrace, perfect for viewing the stunning ocean sunsets over the Indian Ocean. A few family bungalows are also available. The restaurant is renowned for serving excellent including delicious Malagasy cuisine, themed buffet nights and beach barbecues.

Day 7: Morondava – Manja (Drive time: approximately 6 hours) After breakfast, your vehicle drives southwards towards Manja, ultimately via a private road owned by Kanto Hotel, our evening destination. These next couple of days will really feel like frontier-land, as the road snakes through arid landscapes of thorn, savannah and passes typical west Madagascar villages consisting of tiny wooden huts. The locals will greet you with warmth and genuine interest, and children love to run alongside the vehicles, as their mothers stride on, carrying unfeasibly heavy loads to and from local markets, atop their heads. Some of today’s most memorable features are the water crossings as you ford your way across saline flats and through rivers, the most substantial of which is the Kabatomena. Along the way, watch out for chameleons and some of the many non-poisonous snakes of the island. Expect to arrive in Manja late afternoon. A former colonial hub, as evidenced by the exquisite, but faded grandeur of its more substantial buildings, nowadays, the locality is characterised by its fertility – corn, and beans all fill the region’s fields, making Manja a small, but bustling market town. We stay in the basic Hotel Kanto, the only real option amidst such isolation, but a clean and safe place to overnight. Overnight Hotel Kanto, or similar. (B)

Accommodation Description: Hotel Kanto: Basic small hotel The small and basic Kanto Hotel represents the only feasible accommodation option in Manja and is really only suitable for a short overnight stay. The small and simple bungalows have an en suite bathroom and mosquito nets over each bed. There is no air conditioning or fan. In this remote part of the country electricity outages can be experienced and it cannot be guaranteed that hot water will always be available. The small restaurant serves a limited menu but sufficient for most tastes. This will be the most basic night on the tour but it is well worth as you continue your adventure through this remote part of Madagascar.

Day 8: Manja – Andavadoaka (Drive time: approximately 7 to 8 hours) Today’s drive is immensely rewarding, and its length is easily forgotten as the landscape gives way to stunning scenery all round: you will be enthralled by the wonderful range and variety of the baobabs, from towering columns to squat, immensely-trunked pill boxes. The spiny forest with its distinctive bush is home to a host of natural wonders: 95 percent of plant species here are endemic and lemur, mongoose, sifaka and even the Madagascar radiated tortoise are all to be seen in the landscape, so it is well worth keeping an eye on the surroundings. For those keen on birding, several coua and vanga species are to be seen and Madagascar buzzards and Madagascar kestrels are regular companions in the skies above. The drive includes a ferry across the Mangoky River to reach the town of Bevoa and the crossing of two further rivers. The road then sweeps west towards the coast and you will stop on several occasions before your arrival by the end of the afternoon at Andavadoaka’s stunning coastal location. Here you feel as if you’ve truly escaped time itself: centuries old traditional fishing outrigger-canoes ply their trade amongst the azure turtle and manta filled waters. Your hotel is comprised of a series of beautiful sea-front private bungalows where you can unwind in a veritable paradise. Overnight Olo Be lodge, or similar. (B)

Accommodation Description: Olo Be Lodge: Small scale comfortable beach property Set on a beautiful stretch of beach on the Mozambique Channel, Olo Be is a lovely comfortable property to stay in as you pass through this remote part of Madagascar. The hotel is small with only 7 nicely appointed bungalows in total enjoying small patios with views out to the azure ocean.

Beds have mosquito nets and cooling is by way of ceiling fan. The en-suite bathrooms are open air. Deluxe bungalows have easier access to the beach and there are also larger family sized bungalows which can occupy up to 4 guests. The hotel has an open plan bar, lounge and dining area that looks out to the beach. The food is especially good and in particular give the delicious fresh seafood a try. The hotel offers a range of exciting activities such as pirogue trips, fishing and snorkelling. If you are staying between June and September then you may wish to enjoy a special trip to see migrating whales as they pass through the Mozambique Channel.

Day 9: Andavadoaka – Andravona (Drive time: approximately 2 to 3 hours) This morning there will be ample time to enjoy the beauty of this unique landscape, a synthesis of natural wonders from the sapphire sea’s surge and its obscure, hidden creeks to the magnificence of the spiny forest. The much briefer next stage of your adventure initially takes us a mere 4km to the utterly photogenic baobab pond, where the stately arboreal guardians oversee waters which are a real draw to wildlife. Continuing the drive, plunging through the coastal dunes, flanked by the sparkling ocean and the spiny forest. The final 30km of sandy roads are a challenging pathway to Befandefa before we reach the idyllic charm of Andravona and your relatively luxurious home for the night, either high quality bungalows or, if you choose, tented rooms, nestling in the alabaster dunes. Arrival here early afternoon again allows you some time to settle, unwind and simply enjoy the panorama of delightful sea, sands, lagoon and languid fishing village. Overnight Mikea lodge, or similar. (BD)

Accommodation Description: Mikea Lodge: Comfortable beachfront eco-concept lodge Positioned on a stunning and isolated stretch of coastline overlooking the azure waters of the Mozambique Channel, the peaceful Mikea Lodge is a simple but unique property in this part of Madagascar. The lodge offers 10 tented rooms raised up on decks with excellent views to the ocean. The tents are spacious and comfortable inside. Enjoy the natural sea breezes by rolling down the flaps on gauze covered windows. Your own private attached shower and toilet area is open to the elements, a wonderful feature of this property. The restaurant offers a simple menu of 3 dishes each day but the food is wonderfully fresh and delicious, focusing on local ingredients. The seafood is especially noteworthy. There are a number of activities on offer from the lodge such as snorkelling, fishing, canoe rides and between June and August you will also have an opportunity to spot migrating whales. Others may wish to venture into the forest and meet the Mikea people who live of the land in the spiny forest.

Day 10: Andravona Andravona’s location on pristine sands, where the spiny forest and baobabs stretch as far as the shore makes it a photographer’s dream with its carnival of colours While its visually stunning enchantments may be enough, the hotel also offers the opportunity to head into Mikea Forest to experience its cornucopia of natural wonders and to spend valuable time with the last remaining members of the Mikea tribe, experiencing a little of their way of life, traditions and arts. Another equally attractive opportunity is to enjoy the walk along to the Vezo fisherman’s village, watch the enthralling spectacle of the return of the fishermen from the sea and see the explosion of activity as the waiting women and children greet the daily catch. Overnight Mikea lodge, or similar. (BD)

Mikea Forest Mikea Forest consists of around 4000km² of (as yet much of unprotected) transition dry deciduous and spiny forest. Although under constant threat of deforestation, the area still holds on as a last bastion of many of Madagascar’s rarer species. Whilst Ring-tailed lemur still are relatively easy to see here, they are becoming increasingly isolated in pockets of population owing to habitat loss, as are the other 9 species of lemur found in this terrain. One of the island’s most iconic birds, the Long-tailed ground roller, also still has a stronghold here. A favourite with botanists, there are countless endemic species of plant here and 3 of the world’s 8 species of baobab are to be found in Mikea.

However, it is the Mikea tribe themselves who many people come first and foremost to encounter: a much reduced population and availability of forest territory has seriously endangered their way of life. Principally hunter-gatherers, the tribe have an almost mythical status amongst other cultures on the island. They are associated with the magic and legend of the forest and subsist off its harvest, originally having sought refuge and escape from pressures exerted by other tribes and developments in the trees. Some of their customs, which you might experience, is their eerie musical skill, a combination of falsetto voice and hiccup-like ululations.

Day 11: Andravona – Tulear - Zombitse National Park - Isalo (Drive time: approximately 7 hours) After breakfast, we head south to Ifaty. The road follows the same synthesis of dazzling ocean to the right and dry dunes, baobab and scrub on the left. At Tuléar, you will move onto the relative luxury of Madagascar’s premium highway, National Route 7 but do expect too much! This stretches as far as the capital, but today your goal is Isalo. From there, take the National Route 7 which links Tuléar to the capital; for Isalo, 4 hours’ drive away. En route, the road is flanked by a multitude of magnificent colourful tombs of the , Masikoro and tribes. A few kilometres ahead, in Andranomaintso, you pass through the plateaux of baobab Andansonia za, a species unique to Madagascar. Continue to the protected forest-island of Zombitse National Park, which hosts many birding wonders, perhaps the highlight of which is the terrestrial Appert's Greenbul, one of Madagascar’s rarest endemics. Afterwards, the road leads through Ilakaka, the town at the centre of the burgeoning sapphire industry where you will have a stop. Arrive in Isalo National Park late afternoon, where you check into the bungalows at Satrana Lodge which nestle against the rocky slopes and look across the beautiful park. The Lodge has an excellent restaurant and fabulous swimming pool from which you may wish to enjoy one of nature’s stunning sunsets. Overnight Satrana lodge, or similar. (B)

Accommodation Description: Satrana Lodge: Comfortable lodge Located at the entrance to Isalo National Park, Satrana Lodge has been designed to blend with its unique landscape of rolling savannahs and deep canyons. Each tented suite has the romantic charm of a traditional safari experience and features many modern comforts. The private wooden decks have lovely views across the Horombe Plain and the private gardens feature an outdoor shower. Located at the top of a hill, the bar and restaurant have wonderful views across the landscape. The swimming pool is perfectly integrated into the granite rock and is a lovely place to relax after a day exploring one of Madagascar's great parks.

Isalo National Park The Isalo National Park’s 815 km square area was created in the 1960s and is comprised of the entire stretch of the Isalo Massif. A spectacular landscape, with its eroded sandstone dome, cut by deep canyons, it makes for the most breath taking scenery and hence is the most visited national park in the country. Reminiscent of The Grand Canyon in the USA, its geological layers lend it the appearance of a relief map. The sandstone has been eroded into exotic shapes, pillars, towers, and is cut through by impressive gorges and canyons. Vegetation is concentrated in the sheltered canyon bottoms where streams still flow. These wooded areas dominated by the fire-resistant Tapia-tree, on which a Malagasy endemic silkworm feeds. On the cliffs and rocks are several endemic succulents including the elephant’s foot and the localised endemic Isalo Aloe. The balance of nature here is intriguingly harmonious: plants have adapted perfectly to the harsh and dry climate of Isalo. Pachypodium, which grow in the rocks, have some of the succulent qualities of cacti, having specialist water-storing roots and trunks which ensures survival without water for many months. For animal lovers you may encounter ring-tailed and brown lemurs, many types lizard, and the exceptional jewelled chameleon: in all, Isalo proudly boasts 82 species of birds, 33 species of reptiles, 15 species of frogs and 14 species of . The massif is also the place where the Bara tribe buries its dead, first in temporary graves, pausing to raise enough silver, then into definitive tombs. The tribe were essentially the last to lose their independence, resisting the national amalgamation under the Merina, and only falling into submission during the French colonisation. Traditionally there were a warlike group, whose young men only attained manhood by rustling cattle from neighbours!

Day 12: Isalo National Park After breakfast, take a guided half day or full day excursion in the National Park of Isalo: one option is the trail to the top of the mountain, where a fantastic panoramic view of the eroded mountain is attained, with its kaleidoscope of rock shades, shifting from ochre to russet to blue-gray. From here you might choose to visit the natural swimming pool, and then perhaps head on to reach “the Canyon des Singes”. A most profitable area if you enjoy bird watching is the oasis and forested area around Relais de la Reine: here we can spot Benson’s rock-thrush, Lesser vasa parrot, Madagascar coucal, Madagascar bee-eater and even Giant coua. The walk can be tailored to how you feel on the day. At the end of the afternoon you may wish to visit the Fenetre de l’Isalo, a natural rock formation in the shape of an exquisitely airy window, where one can experience the beautiful sunset framed magnificently between the rocks. Overnight Satrana lodge, or similar. (B)

Day 13: Isalo – Andringitra (Drive time: approximately 6 hours) In the morning, head northward, experiencing a rich diversity of settings, landscapes, with great options for photo stops on the way. The drive is through the huge savannah region of Plateaux de Horombe, with its vivid red soil, until arrival in Ihosy the capital of Bara tribes, the proudly independent shepherd tribe who herd the idiosyncratic Zebu cattle. The tribal culture is wound closely around the Zebu: to be allowed to marry a wife, a man has to steal several zebus as a badge of his strength and virility. The death of a Bara hunter is similarly marked by the sacrifice of the cattle. The next phase of the trip heads towards the spectacular mountain chain of Andrigitra National Park: the landscape changes dramatically, with huge domes of granite searing out of the flower-carpeted grassy plains, with Varavarana (“The gateway to the South”) and the imposing and locally sacred Bonnet de L’Evêque (“Bishop’s Mitre”) being especially dramatic examples. The latter is held locally to be a sacred spot, where few traditionally ventured. The route continues down an exhilarating dirt track for an hour of some of the most spectacular views that Madagascar has to offer, until you reach your destination in the heart of the Tsaranoro Valley, close to the gates of the National Park. Overnight Tsara Camp, or similar. (BD)

Accommodation Description: Tsara Camp – Simple but comfortable permanent tented camp Stunningly situated at the entrance of the dramatic Tsaranoro Valley, Tsara Camp is the most comfortable accommodation serving Andringitra National Park. Accommodation is provided in 15 tents arranged around a central communal area. Each tent has two simple beds or a double one, bedside-table and possibility to hang up clothes. Hot water is provided every morning in a wash-basin next to your tent. Behind each tent is a small private bathroom with an outside shower and toilet. Lighting is provided by atmospheric storm lanterns and candles. The food served here is of a good standard and a mixture of Malagasy and western food is offered. The views from this property are outstanding especially in the low late afternoon sunlight. A variety of excellent walks start from the camp.

Day 14: Andringitra and Tsaranoro Valley Access to Andringitra and the Tsaranoro Valley will involve touring round the tracks in a 4x4 and taking in some of the abundant highlights of these exceptional environs. You may choose to enter Andringitra National Park, or rather explore the delights of the Tsaranoro Valley. The Valley boasts a hotter, drier climate and is accessible all year round. Trekking opportunities abound, from low-level to ambitious mountainous routes. At every turn, photography opportunities present themselves in the guise of glorious vistas. If you wish, there are walks to a local waterfall where views of the sunset across the plain make for a stunning end to a day of exploring the area. Overnight Tsara Camp, or similar. (BD)

Andringitra The valley below Andringitra National Park, dotted with mango trees and abundant in zebu pasture, gives way to the huge granite outcrops of the National Park itself.

Since the 1920s, the 311 km² of inaccessible wilderness has been protected and it still manages to preserve a blend of rainforest, montane forest and high-altitude vegetation for the few visitors to tread so far off the usual RN7 tourist routes. Historically, it is held as a sacred place by the Bara tribe, being a place of ritualised burial and it was here that acts of mass suicide took place when the Merina tribe were seeking to force dominion over the whole island. The climate here can be varied, so warm-weather gear may sometimes need supplementing with waterproofs and, at nights, thermals and fleeces! The fauna here draws keen naturalists, offering 108 species of recorded birds, including Pollen’s vanga and the Madagascar blue pigeon, 34 types of reptile, an astonishing 55 frog species, 55 different types of and an impressive 13 lemur species. The Ring-tailed lemurs of Andringitra which populate the valley are distinct from those you might have spotted elsewhere, having adapted their colour, size and fur to the empty rocky environment in which they live. The few visitors who do make it as far as Andringitra are drawn by the dramatic landscapes and so the park offers a great range of treks, even as far as the summit of Pic Boby, the highest accessible peak in Madagascar: the trek can be done in two days, if you wished to extend your stay here.

Day 15: Andringitra – Anja Reserve - Antoetra (Drive time: approximately 7 hours) After breakfast continue to the thriving community-run reserve of Anja, a great place for charming close-up encounters with extremely tame ring-tailed lemurs. Beyond the lemurs, reptiles and insects here include the idiosyncratic trio of Barbour's day gecko, Dangalia lizard and planthoppers, as well as beautiful species of bird such as Grey-headed lovebird and Souimanga sunbird. The income from your visit will go towards the salaries of teachers in the local school. From here, continue north to the capital of the Betsileo tribes and known as the gateway to the south. A very catholic city, this is the seat of the Jesuits and boasts arguably Madagascar’s finest university. The upper old city and market are well worth investigation: the latter is a good opportunity to pick up locally produced and bottles of the celebrated Lazan’I Betsileo wine, grown on the surrounding slopes. Taking the road on from here, our route gradually bids farewell to the rainshadow of the south-west and fringes the outliers of the lush rainforest belt. You continue to Ivato and then take 15 km track to Ambalandingana where you will check in to the secluded and tranquil eco-lodges, nestling in the heartland of the highland farmland of the Zafirmaniry people. Overnight Sous le Soleil de Mada, or similar. (B)

Accommodation Description: Sous le Soleil de Mada: Simple but comfortable eco lodge concept Built entirely of eucalyptus wood and local tradition, Sous-Soleil de Mada is the only Eco lodge located in the heart of the Zafimaniry region. Surrounded by farmland and charming villages typical of the Highlands, this is a simple but comfortable base to discover the Zafimaniry and its traditions or simply to relax away from it all. The simply furnished bungalows have private bathroom and hot water available. The homely service and welcoming hospitality is a key feature of the property.

Day 16: Antoetra The lodge is the starting point for an intriguing hiking opportunity to discover the landscape of the Zafimaniry world and today you can choose from either a shorter half day walk or a more in depth full day exploring the area on foot. Antoetra is the only vehicle-accessible village amongst the set of 17 protected Zafimaniry tribal villages, a sub division of the much larger Betsileo tribe. The Zafimaniry are essentially a forest-based culture and make their living from a model of sustainable forest exploitation. They are masters of wood carving and their wooden huts comprise of exquisitely carved windows frames and doors, indeed virtually every wooden surface displays elaborate ornamentation. The tribe is the sole remaining people to sustain Madagascar’s unique woodcraft culture, previously widespread over the whole island. Their art is classified as a world heritage culture by UNESCO. You will spend the day with these welcoming and fascinating people, as well as exploring the inaccessible highland region they inhabit. Overnight Sous le Soleil de Mada, or similar. (BD)

Day 17: Antoetra – Antsirabe – Antananarivo – Departure (Drive time: approximately 6 hours) Today’s final drive emerges from the rural escape onto the Ambositra road. The drive takes us through the highlands, where the RN7 route takes traverses the ‘hauts plateaux’, with its spectacular eroded hole-features called lavaka, a journey that once took 3 days on foot, but now enjoys the best road surfaces on the island. The landscape is reminiscent of the far-east with its paddy fields and green landscapes covered with patchworks of and fruit . Stop briefly to visit some Zafimaniry handcrafts ateliers where one can pick up a souvenir such as examples of wood carving, marquetry and sculptures, which made this tribe very famous. Continue to the unusual city of Antsirabe (“Place of Much Salt”), an elegant European- styled city, residing at 1500m above sea level and boasting the reputation as the centre of Madagascar’s beer production. Founded by a Norwegian in 1856, it is the only Malagasy place which really feels and looks like a European city. It has a temperate climate and consequently fruits and which favour cooler conditions are grown here. Continue making our final approach to Tana and the conclusion of this amazing adventure through the diverse landscapes of Madagascar. A hotel room will be available for you to freshen up before your late evening flight or you may wish to extend your stay further of . (B)

Tour inclusions/exclusions Inclusions: Arrival and departure airport transfers Domestic flight from Antananarivo to Morondava All accommodation as per the itinerary Transport throughout the tour with a driver Services of English-speaking driver Services of English-speaking local guides in parks/reserves Meals as listed (B – Breakfast, L – , D – Dinner) Entrance fees for sites listed as part of the itinerary

Excluded: International flights Travel Insurance Visa (available on arrival at the airport – currently 35 EUR per person) Drinks Tips (discretionary) Items of a personal nature

Important Information

Foreign Travel Advice Warnings We constantly monitor the advice posted by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). In particular we will always advise clients of any travel warnings. At present there are no warnings against travel to Madagascar to areas that we travel to. Please feel free to contact us should you have any specific concerns or would like to know in detail what measures are being taken to ensure visits remain trouble free and without incident.

It should be noted that this information applies to British citizens. Other nationals are asked to check the current position of their respective government.

Accommodation and Meals

Hotel Check-in Times As a general rule most hotels will allow guests to check-in from 2pm. Please note that the price of your tour does not include guaranteed early check-in. Therefore please advise us if you would like to ensure that your room is available for an earlier arrival. This is particularly relevant on the first day of the tour and for early morning arrivals. One option is to pre-book and pay for an extra night at the beginning of your tour which will guarantee your accommodation is available irrespective of what time you arrive. Please contact us for information and costs.

It should also be noted that on many of our tours we have set-aside Day 1 of the itinerary as an ‘arrival day’. For this reason and because tour participants are likely to be arriving at different times, and often from different countries, guided sightseeing or other activities are not included. If you are arriving early or before the start date of the tour and would like to organise some extra arrangements on a private basis please contact us.

Accommodation Rating Apart from one night, the accommodation on this tailormade adventure is generally in simple but nice and comfortable accommodation with private bathrooms. A mixture of small-scale lodges, small hotels and eco- lodge concept properties. One night is spent in rather basic accommodation but still with private bathroom.

Food & Drink The daily basis is shown in the tour itinerary; breakfast (B), lunch (L) and dinner (D). Drinks are not included and will be payable locally in cash.

Dietary Requirements If you have any special dietary requirements you must notify us at the time of booking. While we will make every effort to cater for you, we cannot guarantee that this will be possible.

Budgeting for your Tour You will need some extra money to cover meals and drinks not included in the tour price, any optional sightseeing, souvenirs and items of a personal nature such as laundry.

Service Standards Please note that standards of service in much of Africa are not comparable to those of more developed countries, especially in the more off the beaten track locations. Service is often slow and lacks the same attention to detail, and your patience and understanding will be appreciated.

Food In general, the costs for meals may vary depending upon location, type of restaurant and number of courses eaten and so the prices given are an average guide. Local restaurants located off the beaten track may be less expensive, whereas an upmarket restaurant located in the centre of a major city may charge more. The costs below are indicative to eating at the hotel restaurants and range depending on number of courses. Please note that Satrana Lodge in Isalo is more expensive than the other hotels.

➢ A lunch is £5-10 ➢ A two-course dinner is £5-13

Drink The prices for drinks can vary greatly depending upon location and the prices detailed below are an average guide. In general, you would expect that drinks purchased in a supermarket or local bar to be less expensive, whilst drinks in an upmarket bar or restaurant may be more expensive.

➢ A bottle of water is £0.50 - £0.75 ➢ A bottle of local beer (THB) is £1 - £2 ➢ A fresh fruit juice is £1 - £1.50

Tipping – Guide and Drivers Although not compulsory, tipping is customary in Madagascar. If you are satisfied with the services you receive, please consider leaving a tip. Please, also bear in mind that waiters and bar staff in the regions are generally much lower paid than in Antananarivo.

The following represents an approximate guide for tipping in local currency (Malagasy Ariary - MGA):

➢ Staff at the hotel: 10,000 to 15,000 MGA per family – there is often a tip box at reception of the hotel where you can leave a tip. ➢ At a local restaurant: 5,000 to 10,000 MGA per table for the waiter/waitress ➢ Local guides in the parks and reserve: 10,000 to 20,000 MGA per local guide per family ➢ Porters: 3,000 MGA per porter ➢ Additionally, if you are happy with your English-speaking driver, a reasonable amount to tip is considered 15,000 to 25,000 MGA per day per family.

Foreign Exchange

ATM Availability: Madagascar’s larger cities are equipped with ATMs but they can be unreliable. We recommend you get your Ariary in Tana or at the airport. Credit and Debit Card Acceptance: Cards are not widely accepted as Madagascar is generally a cash economy, but those places that do accept them generally only take Visa Local Currency: Ariary Recommended Currency for Exchange: Euros, US Dollars, Pound Sterling Where to Exchange: Tana Airport or Gassy Country House. You guide will advise you. Please note that the exchange counters at the airport will be available to change money for all arriving flights.

Current exchange rate at the airport (as of January 2020, and always subject to change): - 1 EUR = 3,860 MGA (if banknotes changed are below 50 EUR) or 3,960 MGA (if banknotes changes are 50 EUR and over) - 1 USD = 3,460 MGA (if banknotes are below 50 USD) or 3,560 MGA (if banknotes are 50 USD and over) - 1 GBP = 4,140 MGA

Joining your Tour

Flight Information Our advertised prices do not include the cost of international flights. Please contact us if you would like a quotation to book a ‘flight inclusive’ package. Your flight inclusive package will be fully protected by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) ATOL protection scheme.

Internal Flights – Tsaradia ( branch) Tsaradia / Air Madagascar flights are subject sometimes to severe delay and cancellation. Our local team will do their very best to reschedule arrangements but your understanding in advance is appreciated. Therefore, changes to the itinerary may be necessary.

Joining Tour Abroad Customers booked on the ‘Land Only’ arrangements will receive a free airport transfer, both on arrival and departure. In order that the transfer can be arranged please ensure that you advise us of your flight information once available. Please advise the date, time and flight number for your arrival/departure. If we have not been advised of this information at least 2 weeks before travel, then you will be required to make your own way to the hotel on Day 1 of your tour.

Travel Insurance It is a condition of booking with Undiscovered Destinations that you have adequate valid travel insurance, the cost of which is not included in the price of the tour. It is your responsibility to arrange appropriate travel insurance and ensure you have read and understood the full terms and conditions of your travel insurance policy to ensure that you are covered for all activities you intend to undertake whilst on the tour, including all optional activities. Your Insurance Policy must fully cover you for medical expenses and emergency repatriation to your home country. Please ensure your policy includes medical emergency helicopter evacuation in the event of illness or injury and covers the entire duration of your holiday.

Visa Information Visitors from most countries, including UK, EU and US visitors require a visa for entering Madagascar. This is currently available on arrival for EUR 35 (or the equivalent in USD - $38 to $40) for most nationalities. However, visa regulations can frequently change and therefore we recommend that you check with your nearest embassy for the most up to date details.

When you arrive at Tana, do not join the queue for immigration, instead pass through the barrier and head to the visa counter located at the right-hand side of the arrivals hall where you can obtain your visa. You then continue to the police desk and then to baggage reclaim area.

Passports It is your responsibility to ensure that you are in possession of a full passport, valid for at least six months after the date of return to your country. We strongly advise that your passport contains a minimum of two blank pages, as this may be a requirement of the local immigration authorities. In addition certain countries will stipulate that the two blank pages are opposite each other. If you are unable to meet these requirements you may be refused boarding by your or denied entry by the immigration authorities.

For specific information about the requirements for your destination please check with the country’s embassy or consulate. Alternatively UK citizens can visit www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice

Vaccinations & Protection As with travel to most parts of Africa, we strongly recommend that you contact your doctor’s surgery or a specialist travel clinic around 6-8 weeks before departure for up-to-date information, advice and the necessary vaccinations. For a visit of less than one month, almost certainly you will be advised to have immunisations against the following: Diphtheria and Tetanus, Hepatitis A, Typhoid. We also recommend that you seek advice about malaria prophylactics.

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or purchased in your home country can be different in other countries. If you’re travelling with prescription or over-the-counter medicine, read this guidance from NaTHNaC on best practice when travelling with medicines.

For further information on the legal status of a specific medicine, you’ll need to contact the embassy, high commission or consulate of the country or territory you’re travelling to.

Yellow Fever Yellow Fever vaccination is required for travellers arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission. If you can’t produce a certificate, you will have to visit the Institut Pasteur in Antananarivo for vaccination.

Preparing for your tour

Climate Madagascar, being a large country, has many different climatic variations but it is generally felt that the best time to visit is between May and November, which are the winter months. Outside of these months rain can be heavy and there are frequently cyclones. The temperature on the island is usually pleasant, ranging from the low twenties to the low thirties (Celsius). Please note that during the winter months of June - August it can be cool/cold at night especially in the highlands with temperatures dropping into single figures Celsius. In general it is hotter in the west and south-west of the country whilst Antananarivo and the Central Highlands tend to be cooler.

General Travel in Madagascar Madagascar is not like safari destinations in Southern or Eastern Africa. It is one of the poorest countries in the world. Whilst tourists have been visiting the country for many years in small numbers the infrastructure is still not as well developed as tourist destinations in the western world or even some destinations in Africa. Things sometimes do not run according to plan. Travelling can be slow and tough going. Service at hotels and restaurants is not comparable to western standards. Please kindly travel with an open mind and if you experience any problems contact our local team on the telephone number on your tour voucher who will do their best to assist.

Access to the Internet Kindly note that access to the Internet via Wi-Fi is available in most locations, although could be very limited along the west coast. Wi-Fi is usually only available at the restaurant or main lobby of the accommodation and some places it may be very slow. In every instance, we cannot guarantee that Wi-Fi connection will be working when you stay at the properties.

Driving times The driving times stated in the itinerary are given in the best of faith. Driving times may on occasion be longer due to unforeseen circumstances such as poor weather, road construction activity, mechanical problems etc. Most of the roads in Madagascar are poorly maintained and asphalt is rare. On this itinerary, the driving will be quite slow on the way to the Tsingy de Bemaraha where dirty tracks are taken.

Clothing Madagascar is generally quite warm and so light clothes are generally a good idea. You should ensure that you bring warmer clothes for any cool evenings. When walking in the forest it is advisable to wear long trousers and sleeves. Madagascar has reasonably relaxed attitudes towards dress and shorts are acceptable throughout much of the country. You should bring a raincoat in case of any showers. A hat is essential. Some of the lodges have swimming pools so bring your swimwear.

Equipment Suncream/sunblock is a must. Insect repellent, including a bite spray will also be useful to have. Please bring a torch/head-torch as electricity outage can occur from time to time and also to assist with walking around hotel/lodges at night. If you use walking poles you may wish to bring them for walks in the national parks. You may also wish to bring a pair of cycling/sailing gloves for use in the Tsingy.

To limit unnecessary plastic waste, we do ask you to bring your own water bottle or flask that you can fill in with drinkable water for the whole length of stay.

Footwear Footwear is a main priority on this tour. Comfortable walking shoes/boots with closed toes and ankle support are recommended, as well as a pair of sandals for general travelling. In general when walking you will be sticking to trails/paths but there may be times when you will leave the main footpaths in the National Parks to see the wildlife which is when good grip is particularly necessary.

Wildlife Expectations On this tour you have the opportunity to see quite a good amount of wildlife. However please bear in mind these animals are wild and we certainly cannot guarantee sightings. Access is also dependent on weather conditions.

Luggage on tour Your luggage should not exceed 20kgs (44lbs). One large suitcase/rucksack, and one small hand luggage rucksack is acceptable.

For the internal flight one piece of checked luggage at 20kg and one piece of hand luggage up to 5kg are allowed per person.

Electric Supply & Plugs Electrical supply is 220V/50 Hz and plugs have two round pins like most European countries.

Tour Itinerary Versions Please ensure that you have an up-to-date copy of these tour notes immediately before you travel, as from time to time our itineraries may be amended, either for operational reasons or in response to feedback from customers. You will be informed of any major changes to your tour but small changes may just be added to these tour notes. These tour notes were updated 25th June 2020.