DOCSLIB.ORG

Ginsenoside Regulates Treg/Th17 Cell Ratio and Inhibits Inflammation to Treat COPD

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ginsenoside Regulates Treg/Th17 Cell Ratio and Inhibits Inflammation to Treat COPD ORIGINAL ARTICLES The First School of Clinical Medicine1, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Department of Pneumology2, Jiangning District Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Department of Pneumology3, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China Ginsenoside regulates Treg/Th17 cell ratio and inhibits inflammation to treat COPD YAN-QIU XU1,2, WEN LV2, HONG-JUAN WU2, SUO-FANG SHI3,* Received August 7, 2020, accepted September 18, 2020 *Corresponding author: Suofang Shi, Department of Pneumology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing 210029, China [email protected] Pharmazie 75: 590-594 (2020) doi: 10.1691/ph.2020.0696 Objective: Several studies have suggested an involvement of the immune system in the occurrence and devel- opment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of ginsenoside in inhibiting inflammation by regulating FOXP3 in COPD. Methods: Eighty COPD patients were selected and 35 healthy people were enrolled in the study to determine clinical efficacy, observation index, and SGRQ scores. Percentage of Treg and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry; HE staining was used to detect the effect of ginsenoside therapy on pathological changes of COPD in mice. Additionally, we transfected FOXP3 inhibitor; RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the inflam- mation related genes and proteins. Results: The basic information of the patients were comparable. The clinical outcome in the treatment group was better than that in the control group, which indicated that ginsenoside has a certain therapeutic effect on COPD patients. The lung function and 6MWT distance results indicated that ginse- noside could stabilize the clinical symptoms of COPD patients and improve their quality of life. Flow cytometry results showed that ginsenoside can increase Treg expression while reducing Th17 cell expression. RT-PCR and western blot results showed that the expression of TNF-α and IL-17 in the model group was significantly increased after treatment, obviously caused by an increased expression of FOXP3. Conclusion: Ginsenoside can inhibit inflammation in COPD by up-regulating FOXP3. 1. Introduction control local inflammation. Studies have shown that the number of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung Treg cells and FOXP3 mRNA are reduced in patients with COPD diseases characterized by airflow limitation. Airflow limitation is (Ito et al. 2019), and FOXP3 expression is increased in the airway not completely reversible and shows a progressive development of smokers with normal lung function and COPD patients. (Brandsma et al., 2017; Hillas et al. 2016). Chronic inflammation In our study, we planned to use patients with stable chronic obstruc- of the airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary blood vessels tive pulmonary disease, and randomly assign COPD patients with are typically involved in COPD (Barnes 2017). Inflammatory signed informed consent to a treatment group and a control group, cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes all with 40 cases in each group. The control group was recommended contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. The activation and aggre- to use combined inhalation of tiotropium bromide, salmeterol tica- gation of neutrophils are an important step in the inflammation sone powder inhalation and salmeterol inhalation. The treatment process of COPD (Scoditti et al. 2019; Szucs et al. 2019). The group was given ginsenoside treatment and given the same treat- release of neutrophil elastase, neutrophil cathepsin G, neutrophil ment after 3 mouths. We observed patients’ FOXP3 mRNA, IL-17, protease 3 and matrix metalloproteinase causes chronic mucus lung function, quality of life (CAT), 6-minute walking distance and hypersecretion and destroys the lung parenchyma. Therefore, in other indicators. The purpose of this study was to observe the clin- COPD treatment, it is an effective way to suppress the occurrence ical effect of ginsenosides on COPD patients in the stable phase, and development of inflammation. and to explore the role of ginsenosides in regulating Treg cells Both Treg and Th17 are derived from the common initial CD4+T and Th17 cells by inhibiting inflammation to improve the immune cells. Th17 cells have the effect of promoting inflammation, function of COPD patients and reduce the acute onset of disease. while Treg cells are antagonizing the inflammatory response (Mathur et al. 2019; Tahmasebinia and Pourgholaminejad 2017). 2. Investigations and results The dynamic balance of the two in terms of number and role is to maintain the body’s immune normal dynamics. Balance is of 2.1. Basic information of patients great significance and is an important prerequisite for the body to The 80 patients with COPD in the study were divided into two maintain immune homeostasis (Faschinget al. 2017). Th17/Treg groups according to random number table method; control group imbalance plays an important role in lung immune dysfunction. (n=40) was composed of 25 males and 15 females (Table 1). The There are enough Tregs in the lungs of smokers with normal lung average age was 40.94±3.13 years; the average course of disease function, which can inhibit the destruction of CD8+T cells. Even was 7.59±2.45 years. In the treatment group, there were 29 males smoking does not cause the disease, indicating that the normality and 11 females; the average age was 41.08±3.3 years; the average of regulatory T cells is one of the keys to COPD (Zhou et al. 2019). course of disease was 7.56±2.78 years. No obvious difference was Treg expression is elevated in COPD tissues, and its role may be to observed between the groups. 590 Pharmazie 75 (2020) ORIGINAL ARTICLES Table 1: Basic information about the patients Table 4: Comparison of SGRQ score between the two groups before and after treatment (x±s) Groups Blank Treatment Control Groups Clinical Activity Psychological Total score Males/females 25/10 29/11 25/15 symptoms ability influence Average age 41.78±3.26 41.08±3.37 40.94±3.13 Treatment (n=40) Average course - 7.56±2.78 7.59±2.45 Before treatment 22.18±1.45 23.74±4.42 9.65±1.17 55.57±10.04 After treatment 11.25±3.57*# 12.65±3.31*# 6.71±1.61*# 30.61±8.49*# 2.2. Clinical effi cacy Control (n=40) In order to verify the therapeutic effect of ginsenosides on patients Before treatment 22.87±4.76 23.98±5.62 9.29±1.62 56.14±12.00 with COPD, we judged the therapeutic effect by the clinical symp- After treatment 13.87±4.86* 16.63±5.90* 7.76±1.80* 38.26±12.56* toms and signs of the patients. The results show that there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of the total Compared with before treatment, *P<0.05; compared with control group, #P<0.05 effective rate between the two groups before and after treatment (P<0.05). The clinical outcome in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (Table 2). This proves that ginseno- 2.5. Ginsenosides treat COPD by increasing the ratio of side has a certain therapeutic effect on COPD patients. Treg to Th17 Compared with the model group, the proportion of Treg in the Table 2: Comparison of clinical efficacy between the two groups after control group and treatment group after treatment was significantly treatment increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the propor- Groups Clinical Marked Effective Invalid Total efficiency tion of Th17 cells in the control group and treatment group after control effect (%) treatment was significantly reduced (P<0.01); and the ratio of Treg to Th17 increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) (Table 5). Ginse- Treatment (n=40) 33 (82.5) 3 (7.5) 3 (7.5) 1 (2.5) 39(97.5) noside can increase Treg while reducing Th17 cell expression, and Control (n=40) 25 (62.5) 4 (0.1) 4 (0.1) 7(17.5) 33(82.5) it can treat COPD by increasing the ratio of Treg to Th17. 2.3. Comparison of lung function and 6MWT distance Table 5: Percentage of Treg and Th17 cells in each group(x±s) before and after treatment in two groups Groups Treg cells Th17 cells Treg/Th17 In order to verify the effect of ginsenosides on lung function in proportion/% proportion/% ratio COPD patients, the MASTERSCREEN spirometer was used to Treatment (n=40) measure the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at the first second before and after treatment, and Before treatment 1.881±0.695** 2.375±0.362** 0.803±0.307* the FEV1/FVC value was calculated. It can be seen from Table After treatment 3.413±1.618## 1.075±0.385## 3.536±1.837## 3, that FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and 6MWT were increased after Control (n=40) treatment compared to control, and the differences were statisti- cally significant (P<0.05). The improvement of lung function Before treatment 1.874±0.597** 2.298±0.402** 0.812±0.312* indexes and the distance of 6MWT were significantly better than After treatment 2.963±1.010# 1.213±0.629# 2.945±1.471# those of the control group (P<0.05). The above results indicate that Blank (n=35) 3.488±1.106 1.038±0.478 3.846±1.937 ginsenoside treatment can help relieve the clinical symptoms of COPD patients in the stable phase and improve lung function. Compared with before treatment, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; compared with control group, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 Table 3: Comparison of observation index between two groups of pa- 2.6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AHI 163D Expressions of Originality in Visual Art and Culture of Early
    AHI 163D Expressions of Originality in Visual Art and Culture of Early Modern China General Itinerary Professor Katharine Burnett University of California, Davis Summer Session I 2010 For AHI 163D in Summer 2010, we will be based in Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127‐1268), and a center of artistic production from that time on. Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China. Centered on the picturesque West Lake, it is rimmed with an important museum, teahouses and restaurants, temples with ancient sculptures, pagodas, and tea plantations. We will read Chinese poetry on its shores and take pleasure boat rides to enjoy the views. View of West Lake, Hangzhou As the course focuses on the visual art of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties for which the value of originality was paradigmatic and typically results in forms that are extremely idiosyncratic if not also outright wacky, Wu Bin (ca. 1543‐ca 1626), 500 Luohans, detail, handscroll, ink on paper, Cleveland Museum of Art Wu Bin, On the Way to Shanyin, 1608, detail, handscroll, ink on paper, Shanghai Museum we will take fieldtrips to Nanjing, the political capital of the Ming Dynasty (1368‐ 1644), and the cultural capital of China during the 17th century. Fuzi Miao market in Qinhuai District, Nanjing While in Nanjing, we will wander the ruins of the Ming Palace 明故宮, study paintings in the Nanjing Museum, and explore the Qinhuai District 秦淮区, home to artists and entertainers during the 17th century. While there, we will explore the Fuzi Miao and Imperial Examinations History Museum 夫子廟和江南公園歷史陳列館, the Linggu Temple 靈谷寺, Ming City Walls, and City Gates, Heaven Dynasty Palace 朝天宮, Jiming Temple 雞鳴寺, drum Tower and Bell Tower 大鍾停，鼓樓, as time permits.
    [Show full text]
  • SGS-Safeguards 04910- Minimum Wages Increased in Jiangsu -EN-10
    SAFEGUARDS SGS CONSUMER TESTING SERVICES CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIILITY SOLUTIONS NO. 049/10 MARCH 2010 MINIMUM WAGES INCREASED IN JIANGSU Jiangsu becomes the first province to raise minimum wages in China in 2010, with an average increase of over 12% effective from 1 February 2010. Since 2008, many local governments have deferred the plan of adjusting minimum wages due to the financial crisis. As economic results are improving, the government of Jiangsu Province has decided to raise the minimum wages. On January 23, 2010, the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Jiangsu Province declared that the minimum wages in Jiangsu Province would be increased from February 1, 2010 according to Interim Provisions on Minimum Wages of Enterprises in Jiangsu Province and Minimum Wages Standard issued by the central government. Adjustment of minimum wages in Jiangsu Province The minimum wages do not include: Adjusted minimum wages: • Overtime payment; • Monthly minimum wages: • Allowances given for the Areas under the first category (please refer to the table on next page): middle shift, night shift, and 960 yuan/month; work in particular environments Areas under the second category: 790 yuan/month; such as high or low Areas under the third category: 670 yuan/month temperature, underground • Hourly minimum wages: operations, toxicity and other Areas under the first category: 7.8 yuan/hour; potentially harmful Areas under the second category: 6.4 yuan/hour; environments; Areas under the third category: 5.4 yuan/hour. • The welfare prescribed in the laws and regulations. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIILITY SOLUTIONS NO. 049/10 MARCH 2010 P.2 Hourly minimum wages are calculated on the basis of the announced monthly minimum wages, taking into account: • The basic pension insurance premiums and the basic medical insurance premiums that shall be paid by the employers.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Distribution of Commuting Trips and Jobs-Housing Balance Using Smart Card Data: a Case Study of Nanjing, China
    sustainability Article Assessing the Distribution of Commuting Trips and Jobs-Housing Balance Using Smart Card Data: A Case Study of Nanjing, China Meina Zheng 1, Feng Liu 2 , Xiucheng Guo 1,* and Xinyue Lei 1 1 School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (X.L.) 2 School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1390-516-6411 Received: 2 September 2019; Accepted: 24 September 2019; Published: 27 September 2019 Abstract: The purpose of this research is to assess the distribution of commuting trips and the level of jobs-housing balance with Nanjing smart card data. A new approach is presented using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient based on the commuting time. This article also quantifies and visualizes Nanjing’s jobs-housing balance in each urban, suburban and exurban district. The core findings from this research are summarized as follows. First, the Gini coefficient of commuting time is 0.251 in urban areas, 0.258 for suburban areas and 0.267 for exurban areas. The gap of each non-urban district in commuting time is larger than urban districts. Second, the result of jobs-housing ratio (JHR) shows that jobs of Xuanwu district are far more than the working population of this district, whereas jobs and working population in other urban districts are relatively matched. The value of JHR is less than 0.8 in all suburban and exurban districts but Yuhuatai district, which suggests that jobs in these suburban districts (excluding Yuhuatai district) are in short supply compared with their working population.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. 海通證券股份有限公司 Annual Report 2019 2019 年度報告 2019 年度報告 Annual Report CONTENTS Section I DEFINITIONS AND MATERIAL RISK WARNINGS 4 Section II COMPANY PROFILE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS 8 Section III SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS 25 Section IV REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 33 Section V SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 85 Section VI CHANGES IN ORDINARY SHARES AND PARTICULARS ABOUT SHAREHOLDERS 123 Section VII PREFERENCE SHARES 134 Section VIII DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 135 Section IX CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 191 Section X CORPORATE BONDS 233 Section XI FINANCIAL REPORT 242 Section XII DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION 243 Section XIII INFORMATION DISCLOSURES OF SECURITIES COMPANY 244 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Board, the Supervisory Committee, Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of contents of this annual report (the “Report”) and that there is no false representation, misleading statement contained herein or material omission from this Report, for which they will assume joint and several liabilities. This Report was considered and approved at the seventh meeting of the seventh session of the Board. All the Directors of the Company attended the Board meeting. None of the Directors or Supervisors has made any objection to this Report. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP (Special General Partnership)) have audited the annual financial reports of the Company prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP and IFRS respectively, and issued a standard and unqualified audit report of the Company. All financial data in this Report are denominated in RMB unless otherwise indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Results Announcement for the Year Ended December 31, 2020
    (GDR under the symbol "HTSC") RESULTS ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 The Board of Huatai Securities Co., Ltd. (the "Company") hereby announces the audited results of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2020. This announcement contains the full text of the annual results announcement of the Company for 2020. PUBLICATION OF THE ANNUAL RESULTS ANNOUNCEMENT AND THE ANNUAL REPORT This results announcement of the Company will be available on the website of London Stock Exchange (www.londonstockexchange.com), the website of National Storage Mechanism (data.fca.org.uk/#/nsm/nationalstoragemechanism), and the website of the Company (www.htsc.com.cn), respectively. The annual report of the Company for 2020 will be available on the website of London Stock Exchange (www.londonstockexchange.com), the website of the National Storage Mechanism (data.fca.org.uk/#/nsm/nationalstoragemechanism) and the website of the Company in due course on or before April 30, 2021. DEFINITIONS Unless the context otherwise requires, capitalized terms used in this announcement shall have the same meanings as those defined in the section headed “Definitions” in the annual report of the Company for 2020 as set out in this announcement. By order of the Board Zhang Hui Joint Company Secretary Jiangsu, the PRC, March 23, 2021 CONTENTS Important Notice ........................................................... 3 Definitions ............................................................... 6 CEO’s Letter .............................................................. 11 Company Profile ........................................................... 15 Summary of the Company’s Business ........................................... 27 Management Discussion and Analysis and Report of the Board ....................... 40 Major Events.............................................................. 112 Changes in Ordinary Shares and Shareholders .................................... 149 Directors, Supervisors, Senior Management and Staff..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution Pattern of Minshuku in the Urban Agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta
    The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 3, Issue 1: 23-35, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.2021.030106 Spatial Distribution Pattern of Minshuku in the Urban Agglomeration of Yangtze River Delta Yuxin Chen, Yuegang Chen Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Abstract: The city cluster in Yangtze River Delta is the core area of China's modernization and economic development. The industry of Bed and Breakfast (B&B) in this area is relatively developed, and the distribution and spatial pattern of Minshuku will also get much attention. Earlier literature tried more to explore the influence of individual characteristics of Minshuku (such as the design style of Minshuku, etc.) on Minshuku. However, the development of Minshuku has a cluster effect, and the distribution of domestic B&Bs is very unbalanced. Analyzing the differences in the distribution of Minshuku and their causes can help the development of the backward areas and maintain the advantages of the developed areas in the industry of Minshuku. This article finds that the distribution of Minshuku is clustered in certain areas by presenting the overall spatial distribution of Minshuku and cultural attractions in Yangtze River Delta and the respective distribution of 27 cities. For example, Minshuku in the central and eastern parts of Yangtze River Delta are more concentrated, so are the scenic spots in these areas. There are also several concentrated Minshuku areas in other parts of Yangtze River Delta, but the number is significantly less than that of the central and eastern regions. Keywords: Minshuku, Yangtze River Delta, Spatial distribution, Concentrated distribution 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Suppliers, Lawyers, Logistics Providers, and Financial Service Companies That Can Help with PPE Procurement from China
    AmCham Shanghai has collated a list of personal protective equipment (PPE) suppliers, lawyers, logistics providers, and financial service companies that can help with PPE procurement from China. This list will be updated as we gain more contacts. For more information please reach out to AmCham Shanghai Government Relations Manager Daniel Rechtschaffen at [email protected]. Suppliers The following medical equipment suppliers have been recommended by AmCham Shanghai member companies. AmCham Shanghai has not independently verified the suppliers but can connect interested parties with third-party auditors. Order times for masks and gowns are around 5-7 days. Order times for ventilators vary from 4-8 weeks. 江苏鱼跃医疗设备股份有限公司 Jiangsu Yuyue Medical Equipment & Supply Co., Ltd. Location: Danyang City, Jiangsu Products: Ventilators, head thermometers, oxygenerators, breathing masks Order time: Four weeks Capacity: Varies, probably around 50 but need to reach out to supplier. Contact info: Jennifer Lu, (+86) 188 5183 7888, [email protected] 泰兴市苏星有限责任公司 Taixing Suxing Co., Ltd. Location: Taizhou, Jiangsu Products: Ventilators Order time: Two months Capacity: 50 ventilators Contact info: Wu Zhihua, (+86) 139 0526 6067, [email protected] Golden Pacific Fashion & Design Co., Limited Location: Room 1100-1101, Fl7, Section B, Huaqiao International Business Park, 2 Xugong Qiao Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu Products: KN95 respirator mask, disposable 3-ply nonwoven protective face mask Certifications: FDA Contact info: Michael D. Crotty, (+86)
    [Show full text]
  • A Perspective on Housing Price-To-Income Ratios in Nanjing, China
    sustainability Article Spatial Justice of a Chinese Metropolis: A Perspective on Housing Price-to-Income Ratios in Nanjing, China Shanggang Yin 1,2, Zhifei Ma 1,2, Weixuan Song 3,* and Chunhui Liu 4 1 School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (Z.M.) 2 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China 3 Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China 4 College of Humanities and Social Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 February 2019; Accepted: 20 March 2019; Published: 26 March 2019 Abstract: The housing price-to-income ratio is an important index for measuring the health of real estate, as well as detecting residents’ housing affordability and regional spatial justice. This paper considers 1833 residential districts in one main urban area and three secondary urban areas in Nanjing during the period 2009–2017 as research units. It also simulates and estimates the spatial distribution of the housing price-to-income ratio with the kriging interpolation method of geographic information system (GIS) geostatistical analysis and constructs a housing spatial justice model by using housing price, income, and housing price-to-income ratio. The research results prove that in the one main urban area and the three secondary urban areas considered, the housing price-to-income ratio tended on the whole to rise, presenting a core edge model of a progressive decrease from the Main Urban Area to the secondary urban areas spatially, with high-value areas centered around famous school districts and new town centers.
    [Show full text]
  • View’, Procedia-Social and Growth of That Area
    Avestia Publishing International Journal of Civil Infrastructure (IJCI) Volume 3, Year 2020 ISSN: 2563-8084 DOI: 10.11159/ijci.2020.004 Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Attended Collection and Delivery Points in Nanjing City, China Muhammad Sajid Mehmood1,2, Gang Li1,2*, Shuyan Xue1,2, Qifan Nie3, Xueyao Ma1,2, Zeeshan Zafar1,2, Adnan Rayit4 1College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University Xi’an 710127, China 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University Xi’an 710127, China *[email protected] 3Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama System, Tuscaloosa 35401, USA 4Agricultural Information Institute, Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China Keywords: Attended collection and delivery points, China Abstract - E-commerce and online shopping have become more Post stations, Cainiao stations, spatial pattern, convenient due to the rapid growth of the internet logistic influencing factors, Nanjing City. industry in many developed countries and is particularly popular and suitable in China. The method is primarily based on © Copyright 2020 Authors - This is an Open Access article logistic points like attended collection and delivery points published under the Creative Commons Attribution (ACDPs), an emerging industry for economic development. This License terms (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). article includes text analysis, descriptive statistics, and spatial Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium analysis to analyze the operation types, service objects, location are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. distribution, and influencing factors of ACDPs in Nanjing City using point of interest data (POI) of Cainiao stations and China Post stations.
    [Show full text]
  • SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS in NANJING, CHINA JIA YOU, SUN SHENG HAN and HAO WU Abstract Introduction
    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS IN NANJING, CHINA JIA YOU, SUN SHENG HAN and HAO WU Melbourne School of Design, the University of Melbourne, Australia Abstract Traditional location theory matches location choices and stakeholder (e.g. developer, user) decisions in a competitive efficient market framework. Developer profit and land value are directly linked to the location characteristics of the property development project. Recent progress in theory & empirical studies has indicated the imperfection of the market e.g. market competition is monopolistic in the urban property sector. Urban affordable housing is typically under direct government intervention e.g. planning, finance and taxation benefits and/or restrictions. We investigate the Nanjing (China) affordable housing sector. Data is collected from all existing affordable housing projects (2002-2010) in the city. Semi-structured interviews and site visits were conducted in 2009 and 2010. Through the study of the Nanjing affordable housing case, we found that (1) the site (location) selection of most projects has shown positive relationship with the general land value ingredient of Nanjing; (2) site selection is heavily influenced by nearby urban development projects, which cause strong resettlement demand; (3) due to the local government’s dual role, they consider the economic factors, such as the surrounding conditions of the sites, and the pervious use and compensation fees. We argue that demand and institutional factors place important role in determining the location of affordable housing projects in Nanjing. Keywords: Location distribution, government, allocation, affordable housing, Nanjing Introduction Affordable housing in China is a central government initiative to housing reform, which is a crucial part of economic reform started in 1978.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Softlines Approved Textile Laboratories for Buyer Programs
    GLOBAL SOFTLINES DEVELOPMENT OFFICE GLOBAL SOFTLINES, CONSUMER TESTING SERVICE WWW.SGS.COM/SOFTLINES GLOBAL SOFTLINES APPROVED TEXTILE LABORATORIES FOR BUYER PROGRAMS APPENDIX: TEXTILE LAB CAPABILITY OVERVIEW ASIA-PACIFIC Physical Chemical Chittagong Bangladesh Dhaka Cambodia Phnom Penh Changzhou Guangzhou Hangzhou Nanjing China Ningbo Qingdao Shanghai Tianjin Xiamen Hong Kong Hong Kong Bangalore Chennai India Gurgaon Tirupur Indonesia Jakarta Anyang Korea Kimhae Karachi Pakistan Lahore Philippines Manila Sri Lanka Colombo Taiwan Taipei Thailand Bangkok Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City GLOBAL SOFTLINES APPROVED TEXTILE LABORATORIES FOR BUYER PROGRAMS ¦ FEB 2015 © SGS Group Management SA - 2015 – All rights reserved - SGS is a registered trademark of SGS Group Management SA Page 1 of 10 GLOBAL SOFTLINES DEVELOPMENT OFFICE GLOBAL SOFTLINES, CONSUMER TESTING SERVICE WWW.SGS.COM/SOFTLINES GLOBAL SOFTLINES APPROVED TEXTILE LABORATORIES FOR BUYER PROGRAMS AFRICA Physical Chemical Egypt Cairo Madagascar Antananarivo Mauritius Phoenix Morocco Casablanca AMERICAS Physical Chemical Brazil Sao Paulo Mexico Mexico City USA Fairfield (NJ) EUROPE Physical Chemical Burgas Bulgaria Varna France Aix-en-Provence Germany Taunusstein Turkey Istanbul United Kingdom Leicester GLOBAL SOFTLINES APPROVED TEXTILE LABORATORIES FOR BUYER PROGRAMS ¦ FEB 2015 © SGS Group Management SA - 2015 – All rights reserved - SGS is a registered trademark of SGS Group Management SA Page 2 of 10 GLOBAL SOFTLINES DEVELOPMENT OFFICE GLOBAL SOFTLINES, CONSUMER TESTING SERVICE WWW.SGS.COM/SOFTLINES GLOBAL SOFTLINES APPROVED TEXTILE LABORATORIES FOR BUYER PROGRAMS ASIA-PACIFIC SGS Bangladesh – Chittagong SGS Bangladesh Ltd. IIUC Tower, 7th & 11th Floors, Plot no. 9- (Opposite side of Address Banani Complex), SK. Mujib Road, Agrabad C/A, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Phone +88 031 715 037, 715074 & 715082 Fax +88 031 710 165 Contact Ismail Hossain Email [email protected] SGS Bangladesh – Dhaka SGS Bangladesh Ltd.
    [Show full text]