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Volume 16, Issue 1, Winter 2020 Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (Online) Blogs.Uoregon.Edu/Ourj

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Volume 16, Issue 1, Winter 2020 Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (Online) Blogs.Uoregon.Edu/Ourj Volume 16, Issue 1, Winter 2020 Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (online) blogs.uoregon.edu/ourj Volume 16, Issue 1, Winter 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS WELCOME Cover Art – “The Woman” i Clara Hollowgrass Letter from the Editor ii Starla Chambrose Guest Editorial iii-iv Kevin D. Hatfield, Assistant Vice Provost for Undergraduate Research Art Feature – “Orange Cup Coral (Balanophyllia elegans)” v Lincoln Hopkins Meet the Editors vi-vii ARTICLES Caliban Yisrael: Constructing Caliban as the Jewish Other in 1-14 Shakespeare’s The Tempest DeForest Ariyel Rolnick-Wihtol Technology and Scientific Authority in United States Abortion 15-33 Policy: Concerns Over a Mechanistic Approach and a Better Way Forward Momo Wilms-Crowe Behavioral and Neural Predictors of Individual Differences in 34-48 Concept Generalization Takako Iwashita Negotiating Freedoms: Women Experiencing Homelessness in 49-90 Eugene, OR Violet Fox Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (online) blogs.uoregon.edu/ourj Cover Art—“The Woman” Clara Hollowgrass, Psychology* This piece is part of a series I did which focuses on the refinement found in a face. The medium is scratchboard, which I made myself from wood and black and white paint, and I used an old, empty fountain pen as my carving tool. I focus on the face because it is the part of people that we usually judge first. Ancient humans used a person’s smile or eyes to distinguish between friend and foe. But why do we still make such snap judgements today, and what could we be missing by relying on the physical appearance of solely a face? What is going on beneath someone’s surface? What about them can we not see? The process of making art on scratchboard itself exemplifies this concept. Through the action of scraping back layers to reveal a new dimension on the board, I mimicked the process of getting familiar with a person. You work to look beneath the surface, realizing that there is more than meets the eye. *Clara Hollowgrass is a freshman psychology major. She enjoys the outdoors as well as the exploration of creative expression. She aspires to partake in public relations or community outreach after her undergraduate degree is complete. Pleas direct correspondence to [email protected] Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (online) blogs.uoregon.edu/ourj Letter from the Editor Starla Chambrose, Biology and History* Dear readers, When I try hard enough to remember my elementary school days, I can picture myself sitting next to my dad at the dining room table, legs swinging because my feet couldn’t reach the floor. While he graded his sophomore English students’ essays, I would read the papers he had just corrected, trying to catch some mistake that he had missed; I guess I’ve always fancied myself an editor. So when I learned about the Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal (OURJ) in the fall of my freshman year, I was thrilled at the prospect of joining the editorial board. I had always loved the challenge of helping people improve their writing, so OURJ seemed like a natural fit. But now, two years and five editions later, I’ve realized that the editing part isn’t my favorite aspect of working on the journal. Rather, I’ve discovered that the greatest reward that comes from serving as an editor, and now as Editor-in-Chief, is the ability to interact directly with fellow undergraduate students from a variety of disciplines who are conducting truly fascinating research. In return for this opportunity to engage with such inspiring and impressive young scholars, our journal provides these budding researchers the chance to publicize their work. OURJ, however, is just one of the many platforms on campus that seek to broadcast undergraduates’ research achievements. I would be remiss to neglect mentioning the Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS), which celebrates its tenth anniversary in May of this year. This edition of the journal is fortunate enough to feature a guest editorial from one of the co-chairs of the symposium, Kevin Hatfield, Assistant Vice Provost for Undergraduate Research. Additionally, all four of the authors featured in this issue presented their work at the URS last year. Literature, political science, psychology, cultural anthropology—the types of papers featured in this issue represent merely a sliver of the breadth of research both OURJ and the URS are committed showcasing. If the goal of this journal is to highlight the best of the university’s undergraduate research, it achieves this aim only because of the editorial board working diligently behind the scenes. Josh, Emma, Kayla, Shuxi, and David—thank you for your endless support and hard work. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Barbara Jenkins, whose constant advice and guidance make publication possible year after year. And finally, sincere thanks to the readers. There’s little point to a publication without an audience to read it. On behalf of the editorial board, please enjoy the 16th edition of the Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal. *Starla Chambrose is a junior in the Clark Honors College majoring in biology and history. In addition to serving on the OURJ editorial board, she volunteers through the university’s Rotaract club, serves as a crisis counselor, works as a tutor and lab assistant for Biology 214, and conducts research in the Cresko Laboratory. In her free time, Starla enjoys watching football, cooking, and playing the piano. Please direct correspondence to [email protected]. Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (online) blogs.uoregon.edu/ourj Guest Editorial—“Celebrating a Decade of UO Undergraduate Research” Kevin D. Hatfield, Assistant Vice Provost for Undergraduate Research In 2010 student leaders began advocating for three initiatives to support undergraduate research and creative work— an annual conference, a student-edited journal, and a dedicated office. They approached Karen Sprague, Vice Provost for Undergraduate Studies, who shared their excitement about undergraduate research. First, Vice Provost Sprague wanted to find out how other universities were developing these areas, so I was asked to investigate the undergraduate research programs of the 62 universities that belong to the Association of American Universities (AAU). I found that 49 institutions hosted an annual undergraduate research conference, 31 sponsored a university-wide undergraduate research journal, and 59 had a dedicated undergraduate research office. These results catalyzed efforts to develop similar programs at the UO. Vice Provost Sprague and the Division of Undergraduate Studies championed the effort and quickly gathered support from a broad coalition, including Undergraduate Council, UO Libraries, Robert D. Clark Honors College, University Housing, Division of Equity & Inclusion, and Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation. Throughout the process, the early student leaders’ indefatigable energy and creative vision were integral to the development of these programs.1 In 2011 the Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal (OURJ) published its inaugural issue, and the Undergraduate Research Symposium also debuted with 69 presenters and 40 faculty mentors (spanning 20 majors and four colleges). With a student editorial board and executive editor OURJ established a strong model for a peer-reviewed, student-led journal. Similarly, students assumed central roles on the Symposium Steering Committee to help plan and execute the event. They also formed the Associated Students of Undergraduate Research and Engagement (ASURE)—originally known as NEXUS—to create a place for peer-facilitated outreach and workshops on abstract writing, poster design, and oral presentations. By 2019 the Symposium had vastly increased in size to 513 presenters and 290 faculty mentors (spanning 75 majors, 21 minor programs, 33 minors, and 8 colleges). Between 2011 and 2019 the Symposium has hosted nearly 2,100 students showcasing their research and creative work through formats ranging from poster and oral presentations to art installations, science demonstrations, film screenings, poetry slams, music, dance, and theater performances. The 10th Anniversary of the Symposium in May 2020 promises to achieve several new and exciting benchmarks, including over $7,000 in awards for student presenters; increased participation of Lane Community College; McNair Scholar presenters from colleges throughout the Northwest; and the attendance of several hundred local high school students.2 The final objective of the original student leaders—a dedicated office for undergraduate research—was realized in 2014 with the founding of the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) and the creation of the Center for Undergraduate Research and Engagement (CURE) in 2017. These allied offices award over $300,000 annually to support undergraduate research experiences and conference travel. They also serve as central hubs for exploring opportunities in undergraduate research, scholarship, and creative work. A new generation of students now leads OURJ and ASURE, and student voices actively invigorate the Undergraduate Research Symposium, CURE, and UROP programs. As we begin a new decade, I reflect on the singular privilege it has been for me to gain inspiration and wisdom from our students as they helped transform the undergraduate research landscape at the UO. Please join us for our exciting 10th Anniversary on May 21, 2020. 1 Early student advocates for undergraduate research included: Lucy Gubbins, Drew Serres, Alexandra Fus, Eva Wong, Jeff Tan, Matt Villeneuve, Erin Howe, Samantha Nesbitt, Vishesh Khanna, Emily Balloun, Alani Estrella. 2 Organized in collaboration with UO’s Summer Academy to Inspire Learning (SAIL) program. Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 16.1 (2020) ISSN: 2160-617X (online) blogs.uoregon.edu/ourj Art Feature—“Orange Cup Coral (Balanophyllia elegans)” Lincoln Hopkins, Biology and Music* This is a photo of a member of the species Orange Cup Coral (Balanophyllia elegans) taken underneath a dissection scope at the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology—one of the University of Oregon’s satellite campuses.
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