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International Perspectives on Rural Homelessness International Perspectives on Rural Homelessness Housing, Planning and Design Series Editors: Nick Gallent and Mark Tewdwr-Jones The Bartlett School of Planning, University College London This series addresses critical issues affecting the delivery of the right type of housing, of sufficient quantity, in the most sustainable locations, and the linkages that bind together issues relating to planning, housing and design. Titles examine a variety of institutional perspectives, examining the roles of different agencies and sectors in delivering better quality housing together with the process of delivery – from policy development, through general strategy, to implementation. Other titles will focus on housing management and development, housing strategy and planning policy, housing needs and community participation. Housing in the European Countryside Rural pressure and policy in Western Europe Edited by Nick Gallent, Mark Shucksmith and Mark Tewdwr-Jones Private Dwelling Contemplating the use of housing Peter King Housing Development Edited by Andrew Golland and Ron Blake Forthcoming Rural Housing Policy Tim Brown and Nicola Yates Decent Homes for All Nick Gallent and Mark Tewdwr-Jones Planning and Housing in the Rapidly Urbanising World Policy and practice Paul Jenkins, Harry Smith and Ya Ping Wang International Perspectives on Rural Homelessness Edited by Paul Milbourne and Paul Cloke First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2006 Paul Milbourne and Paul Cloke, selection and editorial; individual chapters, the contributors This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International perspectives on rural homelessness / edited by Paul Milbourne and Paul Cloke. p. cm. — (Housing, planning and design series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Homeless persons – Cross-cultural studies. 2. Rural men – Cross- cultural studies. 3. Rural men – Cross-cultural studies. 4. Sociology, Rural. I. Milbourne, Paul, 1966– II. Cloke, Paul J. III. Series. HV4480.I68 2006 362.509173´4—dc22 2005034190 ISBN10: 0–415–34372–0 (hbk) ISBN10: 0–203–63963–4 (ebk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–34372–5 (hbk) ISBN13: 978–0–203–63963–4 (ebk) Contents v Contents Contributors vii 1 Introduction: the hidden faces of rural homelessness 1 Paul Milbourne and Paul Cloke 2 Rural homelessness in the United States 9 Laudan Y. Aron 3 Homeless in the heartland: American dreams and nightmares in Indian Country 25 Charles Geisler and Lance George 4 Quasi-homelessness among rural trailer-park households in the United States 45 Sonya Salamon and Katherine MacTavish 5 Homelessness in rural and small town Canada 63 David Bruce 6 Rural homelessness in the UK: a national overview 79 Paul Milbourne and Paul Cloke 7 The hidden and neglected experiences of homelessness in rural England 97 David Robinson 8 Knowing homelessness in rural England 121 Paul Cloke and Paul Milbourne 9 International perspectives on rural homelessness: a sociological perspective on homelessness in rural Spain 137 José Antonio López Ruiz and Pedro Cabrera Cabrera vi Contents 10 Are there any homeless people in rural Finland? 161 Sakari Hänninen 11 Homelessness in rural Ireland 188 Eoin O’Sullivan 12 Inhabiting the margins: a geography of rural homelessness in Australia 208 Neil Argent and Fran Rolley 13 Homelessness amongst young people in rural regions of Australia 231 Andrew Beer, Paul Delfabbro, Kristin Natalier, Susan Oakley, Jasmin Packer and Fiona Verity 14 Places to stand but not necessarily to dwell: the paradox of rural homelessness in New Zealand 247 Robin Kearns 15 Writing/righting rural homelessness 261 Paul Cloke and Paul Milbourne References 274 Index 317 Contributors vii Contributors Neil Argent is Senior Lecturer in Human Geography in the Division of Geography and Planning at the University of New England, Armidale, Australia. His research interests focus mainly upon social, demographic and economic change in rural communities, and how communities interpret and manage these processes. Recently, he has written on the causes and impacts of bank branch closure on rural towns (with Fran Rolley) and, with Peter Smailes and Trevor Griffin, has investigated the role of population density in the changing character and fortunes of Australian rural communities. Apart from the homelessness research reported on in this volume, he is currently examining how differing levels, and changing rates, of rural population density affect rural people’s social interaction opportunities, as well as their perceptions of isolation or crowding in the rural environment. Laudan Y. Aron is Senior Research Associate with the Urban Institute in Washington, DC. She has over 16 years of experience researching public policies affecting vulnerable populations, including homeless people, people with serious mental illness, out-of-school youth, children with disabilities, and victims of family violence and human trafficking. She has co-authored two books issued by the Urban Institute Press, Serving Children with Disabilities: A Systematic Look at the Programs (1996), and more recently, Helping America’s Homeless: Emergency Shelter or Affordable Housing? (2001). Andrew Beer is Professor in the School of Geography, Population and Environmental Management at Flinders University. He is also the Director of the Southern Research Centre, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Andrew’s research interests include regional development and housing. His publications include Home Truths: Housing and Property Wealth in Australia (Melbourne University Press, 2000, with Blair Badcock); Developing Australia’s Regions: Theory and Practice (University of New South Wales Press, 2003, with Alaric Maude and Bill Pritchard) and Developing Locally: International Lessons in Economic Development (Policy Press, 2004, with Alaric Maude and Graham Haughton). viii Contributors David Bruce is Director of Rural and Small Town Programme, Mount Allison University. He has more than 15 years experience in a variety of rural housing policy research and community housing and planning. He has also been actively involved in a number of rural community economic development planning and programme developments in Atlantic Canada. David is a former editor of Canadian Housing (1995–2000), Canada’s only national housing magazine, produced by the Canadian Housing and Renewal Association. Pedro José Cabrera Cabrera is a Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the University of Comillas in Madrid. Specialist in topics of social exclusion and poverty, he has carried out several studies on homelessness, including ‘Guests of the air: sociology of homeless in Madrid’ (1998) and ‘The social action with homeless people in Spain’ (2000). He is also a member of the European Observatory on Homelessness of FEANTSA. Paul Cloke is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Exeter, and Founder Editor of Journal of Rural Studies (Elsevier). His research interests include rural homelessness and poverty, but also homelessness in the city, and broader geographies of ethics. His recent books include Handbook of Rural Studies (SAGE, 2005, with Terry Marsden and Patrick Mooney), Country Visions (Pearson, 2003), Tree Cultures (Berg, 2002, with Owain Jones), and Rural Homelessness (Policy Press, 2002, with Paul Milbourne and Rebekah Widdowfield). Paul Delfabbro is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Psychology, Univeristy of Adelaide, where he lectures in statistics, developmental pscyhology and learning theory. He has published extensively in the areas of out-of-home care and gambling, and has been a frequent advisor to State and Federal Governments in Australia on issues relating to these topics. His recent book, Children in Foster Care (with Jim Barber) was published by Taylor and Francis in 2004. Charles Geisler is Professor of Development Sociology at Cornell University. His research examines the equity issues of land policies, including homelessness, indigenous land rights, biotechnology applications, and the dislocations of protected areas. Recent publications include ‘A new kind of trouble: evictions in Eden’, International Social Science Journal (March, 2003): ‘Rethinking land reform in South Africa: an alternative approach to environmental justice’, Social Research Online (2001, with E. Letsoalo) and Property and Values (Island Press, 2000, with G. Daneker). Lance George is a Research Associate at the Housing Assistance Council (HAC) based in Washington, DC. HAC is a nonprofit organization that supports the Contributors ix development of affordable housing in the rural United States. Lance’s research at HAC encompasses a wide array of rural housing issues and topics with recent interests
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