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'Introspectionism' and the Mythical Origins of Scientific Psychology
Consciousness and Cognition Consciousness and Cognition 15 (2006) 634–654 www.elsevier.com/locate/concog ‘Introspectionism’ and the mythical origins of scientific psychology Alan Costall Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2DY, UK Received 1 May 2006 Abstract According to the majority of the textbooks, the history of modern, scientific psychology can be tidily encapsulated in the following three stages. Scientific psychology began with a commitment to the study of mind, but based on the method of introspection. Watson rejected introspectionism as both unreliable and effete, and redefined psychology, instead, as the science of behaviour. The cognitive revolution, in turn, replaced the mind as the subject of study, and rejected both behaviourism and a reliance on introspection. This paper argues that all three stages of this history are largely mythical. Introspectionism was never a dominant movement within modern psychology, and the method of introspection never went away. Furthermore, this version of psychology’s history obscures some deep conceptual problems, not least surrounding the modern conception of ‘‘behaviour,’’ that continues to make the scientific study of consciousness seem so weird. Ó 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Introspection; Introspectionism; Behaviourism; Dualism; Watson; Wundt 1. Introduction Probably the most immediate result of the acceptance of the behaviorist’s view will be the elimination of self-observation and of the introspective reports resulting from such a method. (Watson, 1913b, p. 428). The problem of consciousness occupies an analogous position for cognitive psychology as the prob- lem of language behavior does for behaviorism, namely, an unsolved anomaly within the domain of an approach. -
THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY for IRANIAN STUDIES انجمن بین املللی ایران شناسی ISIS Newsletter Volume 37, Number 1 May 2016
THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR IRANIAN STUDIES انجمن بین املللی ایران شناسی www.societyforiranianstudies.org ISIS Newsletter Volume 37, Number 1 May 2016 PRESIDENT’S NOTE Although the festivities of Nowruz 1395 have come to an end, nevertheless I would like to take this opportunity to wish all members of our society a very happy and prosperous 1395! Since the publication of the last issue of the newsletter, the online election for the new president was held and my good friend Touraj Daryaee now stands as the President-Elect. Also, Elena Andreeva and Afshin Marashi joined the Council. I am very grateful to the collective team of colleagues on the board for their commitment to our society. Preparation for the forthcoming Eleventh Biennial Conference of The International Society for Iranian Studies is underway and the head of the Conference Committee, Florian Schwarz, and Programme Committee Chair Camron Amin together with their colleagues on both committees are doing their best to make the Eleventh Biennial another successful conference, this time in Vienna. I look forward to seeing all our members at the beginning of August in Vienna. Touraj Atabaki Amsterdam, April 2016 The International Society for Iranian Studies Founded in 1967 ISIS 2016 OFFICERS ISIS Newsletter Volume 37, Number 1 May 2016 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The second reason is that some years ago when we were on summer vacation 2016 AFRO-IRANIANS: in Iran with family and friends, I saw an Afro-Iranian man for the first time. We went to a football match between Bargh Shiraz FC and Aluminium Hormozgan FC. The TOURAJ ATABAKI AN ELEMENT IN A MOSAIC PRESIDENT man was the fan leader of the Hormozgan team and I was quickly drawn to the way the fans joyfully and rhythmically chanted for their team. -
Switching Gestalts on Gestalt Psychology: on the Relation Between Science and Philosophy
Switching Gestalts on Gestalt Psychology: On the Relation between Science and Philosophy Jordi Cat Indiana University The distinction between science and philosophy plays a central role in meth- odological, programmatic and institutional debates. Discussions of disciplin- ary identities typically focus on boundaries or else on genealogies, yielding models of demarcation and models of dynamics. Considerations of a disci- pline’s self-image, often based on history, often plays an important role in the values, projects and practices of its members. Recent focus on the dynamics of scientiªc change supplements Kuhnian neat model with a role for philoso- phy and yields a model of the evolution of philosophy of science. This view il- luminates important aspects of science and itself contributes to philosophy of science. This interactive model is general yet based on exclusive attention to physics. In this paper and two sequels, I focus on the human sciences and ar- gue that their role in the history of philosophy of science is just as important and it also involves a close involvement of the history of philosophy. The focus is on Gestalt psychology and it points to some lessons for philosophy of science. But, unlike the discussion of natural sciences, the discussion here brings out more complication than explication, and skews certain kinds of generaliza- tions. 1. How Do Science and Philosophy Relate to Each Other? a) As Nietzsche put it in the Genealogy of Morals: “Only that which has no history can be deªned.” This notion should make us wary of Heideggerian etymology, conceptual analysis and even Michael Friedman’s relativized, dialectical, post-Kuhnian Hegelianism alike. -
Philosophy of Power and the Mediation of Art:The Lasting Impressions of Artistic Intermediality from Seventeenth Century Persia to Present Shadieh Emami Mirmobiny
Maine State Library Digital Maine Academic Research and Dissertations Maine State Library Special Collections 2018 Philosophy of Power and the Mediation of Art:The Lasting Impressions of Artistic Intermediality from Seventeenth Century Persia to Present Shadieh Emami Mirmobiny Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalmaine.com/academic PHILOSOPHY OF POWER AND THE MEDIATION OF ART: THE LASTING IMPRESSIONS OF ARTISTIC INTERMEDIALITY FROM SEVENTEENTH CENTURY PERSIA TO PRESENT Shadieh Emami Mirmobiny Submitted to the faculty of The Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy May, 2018 Accepted by the faculty of the Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts in partial fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. COMMITTEE MEMBERS Committee Chair: Ali Anooshahr, Ph.D. Professor, Department of History University of California, Davis Committee Member: Christopher Yates, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Philosophy, and Art Theory Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts Committee Member: EL Putnam, Ph.D. Assistant Lecturer, Dublin School of Creative Arts Dublin Institute of Technology ii © 2018 Shadieh Emami Mirmobiny ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii “Do we need a theory of power? Since a theory assumes a prior objectification, it cannot be asserted as a basis for analytical work. But this analytical work cannot proceed without an ongoing conceptualization. And this conceptualization implies critical thought—a constant checking.” — Foucault To my daughter Ariana, and the young generation of students in the Middle East in search of freedom. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe a debt of gratitude to a number of people, without whose assistance and support this dissertation project would not have taken shape and would not have been successfully completed as it was. -
Der Denkpsychologe Otto Selz (1881-1943) Im Niederländischen Exil
Selz in Amsterdam Der Denkpsychologe Otto Selz (1881-1943) im niederländischen Exil Herbert Beckmann Zusammenfassung : Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem deutsch- jüdischen Psychologen Otto Selz (1881-1943) unter besonderer Berück- sichtigung seiner Zeit im niederländischen Exil. Nach einem knappen Überblick über Leben und Werk von Otto Selz vor 1933 wird seine Zeit im erzwungenen Ruhestand in Mannheim bis zu seiner KZ-Haft im Anschluss an die Pogromnacht im November 1938 nachgezeichnet. Unter Berücksichtigung relevanter Ergebnisse der Exilforschung wird die historische Situation beschrieben, wie Selz sie nach seiner Zwangsemi- gration als aus Deutschland vertriebener Jude ab 1939 in den Nieder- landen vorfand. Zwei bislang unveröffentlichte Briefe von Selz an Kurt Kofjka vom Juni 1940 bzw. an Max Wertheimer vom Oktober 1940 zeigen, wie aktiv Selz sich um eine Ausreisemöglichkeit in die USA bemühte. Aufgefundene Notizen Max Wertheimers aus dem Nachlass sowie ein hausinterner Briefder New School ofSocial Research in New York dokumentieren Wertheimers Hilfebemühungen für Selz. Selz " Lebensalter sowie seine für ein Stipendium in den USA fehlenden Referenzen scheinen v.a. dafür verantwortlich zu sein, dass diese Bemühungen scheiterten. Der Beitrag schließt mit Anmerkungen zur posthumen Würdigung von Otto Selz. Abstraet: Subject of the article is the german and jewish psychologist Otto Selz (1881-1943), especially considering his time in exile in the Netherlands. After a short overview of Otto Selz `s life and work before 1933, his life in forced retirement in Mannheim is described up to when he was arrested in concentration camp following the pogrom night in November 1938 . Considering relevant results of exile research, the historical situation is described, Selzfound after his forced emigration as a jew expelledfrom Germany in the Netherlands since 1939 . -
Adolf Reinach: an Intellectual Biography1
Adolf Reinach: An Intellectual Biography1 Karl Schumann and Barry Smith From: K. Mulligan, ed., Speech Act and Sachverhalt: Reinach and the Foundations of Realist Phenomenology, Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster: Nijhoff, 1987, 1–27. §1 PROLOGUE As early as 1741 a Jekel Reinach is mentioned in the Memory Book of the Jewish community in Mainz, and by the end of the century the Reinachs were already one of the most notable and well-to-do Jewish families in the city.2 The Record of Names of 1808 lists Salomon (formerly Seligmann) Reinach, Jacques (Mayer Herz) Reinach, Marx (Mayer Herz) Reinach, and Bernard Jacques (Beer Jacob) Reinach.3 The descendants of Jacques Reinach spread from Mainz to Frankfurt and from there to Paris. His grandson Adolf von Reinach (1814-1879), Belgian consul in Frankfurt, was created an Italian Baron in 1866, and founded 1 The few existing published biographies of Reinach are, if not unreliable (Oesterreicher 1952), then at best very succinct (Avé-Lallemant 1975, 172-74, Crosby 1983, XI-X). In compiling the present essay we have used in particular Reinach’s letters to Husserl (Husserl Archives) and to Conrad and Daubert (Bavarian State Library, Munich). We draw further on Avé-Lallemant’s Catalogue of the Münchener Phänomenologennachlässe, on Schuhmann’s Husserl-Chronik (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1977), and on the pertinent Vorlesungsverzeichnisse of the University of Göttingen. We have also profited from the “Historical Introduction” to Brettler 1974, 1-15. References not given in full here are to be found in the Reinach bibliography on pp. 299-332 below. We would like to thank the Bavarian State Library, the Husserl Archives, Louvain, and Oberarchivrat Schütz of the Stadtarchiv Mainz for providing copies of relevant materials. -
Parts and Moments Studies in Logic and Formal Ontology
Barry Smith, Editor Parts and Moments Studies in Logic and Formal Ontology Authors: Wolfgang Kiinne , Kevin Mulligan Gilbert T. Null Peter M. Simons Roger A. Simons Barry Smith Dallas Willard Philoso~hiaVerlae . Miinchen . Wien rn ISBN 3-88405-012-5 0 1982 by Philosophia Verlag GmbH, Munchen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission except in the case of quotations in the context of reviews. Manufactured by Sulzberg-Druck GmbH, SuLbergIAllg. Printed in Germany 1982 Barry Smith Introduction to Adolf Reinach On the Theory of the Negative Judgment Adolf Reinach was born in Mainz on the 23rd December 1883. Bet- ween 1901 and 1905 he studied philosophy, psychology and jurispru- dence in Munich, and his dissertation on the psychological foundations of jurisprudence, Ober den Ursachenbegriff im geltenden Strafrecht, bears traces of the psychologistic approach of his teacher, Theodor Lipps. Lipps' psychologism came under heavy criticism in Husserl's Logical Investigations, published in 1900/01, a work which enjoyed an almost immediate success in Munich.' A circle of philosophers was established, to which among others Reinach, Pfander, Daubert, Theo- dor Conrad and August Gallinger belonged, the members of which adopted the Logical Investigations as their philosophical canon, award- ing special significance to Husserl's account of material a priori rela- tions among essences or kinds. Between 1905 and 1909 Reinach spent long periods studying under Husserl in Gottingen, preparing in 1909 a Habilitationsschrift (Wesen und Systematic des Urteils) on the theory of j~dgrnent,~many of whose ideas are summarised in the essay which follows. -
Hagop Kevorkian Center 2013/2014 Review
HAGOP KEVORKIAN CENTER 1 REVIEW 2013/2014 1 STAFF Director Michael Gilsenan Associate Director Greta Scharnweber Clinical Assistant Professor Benoit Challand Director of Graduate Studies Maya Mikdashi Program Coordinator Arthur Starr 2013-2014 Administrative Aide Lauren Marten Hagop Kevorkian Center New York University 50 Washington Square South, 4th Floor New York, NY 10012 http://neareaststudies.as.nyu.edu Editors Greta Scharnweber, Brooke Fisher The Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at NYU is a Title VI National Resource Center Copy Editor Lauren Marten (NRC) for modern Middle Eastern Studies as named by the United States Department of Education. NRC Layout and Design Melissa Runstrom support is essential to the Center’s graduate program (area and language studies) and bolsters outreach programs to the NYU academic community, local educators, media and culture workers as well as the Cover Design The Goggles (Paul Shoebridge and Michael Simons) general public. Title VI funding, through its Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLAS) fellowships, also enables important opportunities for NYU graduate students to intensively study the languages of the Middle Copyright 2014. All rights reserved. East and South Asia (including Arabic, Hebrew, Hindi, Persian, Turkish and Urdu). 2 3 Contents Letter from the Director 5 Letter from the Director Reflections p Faculty Roundtable: Reflections on Today’s Middle East 6 Research p Political Economy in Middle East Studies: Legacies of the Past, Agendas for the Future 11 New Directions for the Study of Gender and Sexuality 12 New Books In Europe, as I write (August 16th), commemorations of the centenary of the First World War have ended. -
State, Dissidents, and Contention: Iran, 1979-2010
STATE, DISSIDENTS, AND CONTENTION: IRAN, 1979-2010 HAMID REZAI SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Hamid Rezai All rights reserved ABSTRACT State, Dissidents, and Contention: Iran, 1979-2010 Hamid Rezai Why after almost a decade of silence and “successful” crackdowns of contention during the 1980s has Iran witnessed once again waves of increasing popular protest? What are the processes and mechanisms behind the routinization of collective actions in Iran since the early 1990s, which continue despite state repression? Why and under what circumstances does a strong authoritarian state that has previously marginalized its contenders tolerate some forms of contention despite the state’s continued repressive capacity? And finally, to what extent are available social movement theories capable of explaining the Iranian case? In “State, Dissidents, and Contention: Iran, 1979-2010” I engage theories of social movements and contentious politics in order to examine the emergence, development, and likely outcomes of popular contention in contemporary Iran. My study is the first project of its kind to focus on elite factionalism and its impact on popular mobilization in contemporary Iran. Although other scholars have extensively written on elite factionalism in postrevolutionary Iran, they have not analyzed the implications of the inter-elite conflict for the emergence and development of social protests against the Islamic Republic. While this study primarily utilizes political process and resource mobilization models, it acknowledges the importance of economic, ideological, and breakdown approaches for the interpretation of the emergence and development of popular mobilization in contemporary Iran. -
Points of View in the Modern History of Psychology
Points of View in the Modern History of Psychology Edited by Claude E. Buxton Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 1985 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers) Orlando San Diego New York London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo Passages from the following are reprinted by permission of the publishers: Newell, Α., Duncker on Thinking, in S. Koch & D. Leary (Eds.), A Century of Psychology as Science. Copyright 1985 by McGraw-Hill. Neisser, U., Cognitive Psychology. © 1967 by Prentice-Hall. COPYRIGHT © 1985 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando, Florida 32887 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Main entry under title: Points of view in the modern history of psychology. Includes indexes. 1. Psychology— History. I. Buxton, Claude E. BF81.P57 1985 150\9 85-4010 ISBN 0-12-148510-2 (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85 86 87 88 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. Mitchell G. Ash (295), Department of History, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 William Bevan (259), John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Chicago, Illinois 60603 Arthur L. Blumenthal (19, 51), Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 Claude E. -
Mustafa Aslan a Plague from the West: Jalal Al-E Ahmad's Gharbzadegi Within the Context of Anti-Westernism in the Islamic Worl
Mustafa Aslan A Plague from the West: Jalal Al-e Ahmad’s Gharbzadegi within the context of anti-Westernism in the Islamic World MA Thesis in Comparative History Supervisor: Professor Nadia Al-Bagdadi Second Reader: Associate Professor Brett Wilson Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2018 A Plague from the West: Jalal Al-e Ahmad’s Gharbzadegi within the context of anti-Westernism in the Islamic World by Mustafa Aslan Thesis submitted to the Department of History, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY I, the undersigned, Mustafa Aslan, candidate for the MA degree in Comparative History, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any person’s or institution’s copyright. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 08 June 2018 __________________________ Signature CEU eTD Collection Abstract The present study of intellectual history places Jalal Al-e Ahmad’s Gharbzadegi (Westoxication) within the context of anti-Westernism in the Islamic world. To establish the latter, this study traces the ideas of Muslim modernist thinkers of the nineteenth century and the Islamist thinkers of the twentieth century. -
Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America Since the Second World War
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2018 PREPRINT 490 Frank W. Stahnisch (Ed.) Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Dieses Preprint ist in einer überarbeiteten Form zur Publikation angenommen in: History of Intellectual Culture, Band 12/1 (2017–18): https://www.ucalgary.ca/hic/issues. Accessed 5 July 2018. [Themenheft 2017–18: Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War, Guest Editor: Frank W. Stahnisch]. Der vorliegende Preprint erscheint mit freundlicher Erlaubnis des geschäftsführenden Herausgebers, Herrn Professor Paul J. Stortz an der Universität von Calgary, Alberta, in Kanada. Frank W. Stahnisch e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since WWII Émigré Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Cognitive Scientists in North America since the Second World War Frank W. Stahnisch (Guest Editor)1 Abstract: The processes of long-term migration of physicians and scholars affect both the academic migrants and their receiving environments in often dramatic ways. On the one side, their encounter confronts two different knowledge traditions and personal values. On the other side, migrating scientists and academics are also confronted with foreign institutional, political, economic, and cultural frameworks when trying to establish their own ways of professional knowledge and cultural adjustments. The twentieth century has been called the century of war and forced migration: it witnessed two devastating World Wars, which led to an exodus of physicians, scientists, and academics. Nazism and Fascism in the 1930s and 1940s, forced thousands of scientists and physicians away from their home institutions based in Central and Eastern Europe.