Hanna ScHeck (ed.) Changing Identities in South Eastern Europe Between Europeanisation, Globalisation, Regionalisation, and Nationalism ASO LJUBLJANA AUSTRIAN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LIAISON OFFICE LJUBLJANA Hanna ScHeck (ed.) Changing Identities in South Eastern Europe Between Europeanisation, Globalisation, Regionalisation, and Nationalism ASO LJUBLJANA AUSTRIAN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LIAISON OFFICE LJUBLJANA Preface 5 Preface In cooperation with the Centre for Social Innovation in Vienna, the Aus- trian Science and Research Liaison Office Ljubljana announced in 2010 its seventh call for proposals for projects in research cooperation and networking between institutions in Austria, Slovenia, and the Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR of Mac- edonia, Kosovo under UNSCR 1244 /1999, Montenegro, and Serbia). The All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by call focused on intensifying short-term cooperation in the scientific field any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or use of any of “Changing Identities in South Eastern Europe: Between Europeanisa- information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written tion, Globalisation, Regionalisation, and Nationalism,” with the aim of permission from the publisher. The right of reproduction is not violated when the source is properly mentioned. supporting the development of long-term scientific collaboration and to gain scientific insight in changing identities in South Eastern Europe. © by the authors Funding was provided by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and The authors are solely responsible for the content of their contributions, which do not Research within the framework of its South Eastern European Science automatically represent the opinion of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Cooperation Initiative. Six projects have been funded from this call, and Research or the Austrian Science and Research Office Ljubljana (ASO Ljubljana). the outcomes were presented at a conference which took place in May 2011 in Vienna. This publication presents some outcomes of the funded Funding for this publication was provided by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science projects and it also includes other papers reflecting the subject. It ad- and Research (bmwf) in the framework of its South Eastern European science and dresses current changing processes, analyses, as well as historical de- cooperation initiative. velopments in South Eastern Europe by having a closer look at various selected aspects which describe the complex nature of territorial identi- fication in the areas of conflict between Europeanisation, globalisation, regionalisation, and nationalism. I want to thank all those who have contributed to this publica- Publisher: Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI), Vienna tion, first of all, the authors: Elisabeth Behr, Tamara Ehs, Sanela Hodzic, Compiler and managing editor: Hanna Scheck Language editor: Elizabeth Tubbs Sanja Kalapoš, Ana Kralj, Damjan Mandelc, Mirko Petrić, Tanja Petrović, Design and typesetting: Harald Göstl Anngrit Pichler, Gazela Pudar, Christoph Reinprecht, Peter Sekloča, Ana Marija Sobočan, Inga Tomić-Koludrović, Polona Tratnik, Petra Videmšek, Date of publication: June 2012 Print run: 150 copies Ksenija Vidmar Horvat, Romy Wöhlert, and Željka Zdravković. My spe- cial thanks also go to the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Re- Printed in Austria search for providing funding to realise this publication. ISBN 978-3-200-02743-5 Hanna ScHeck, Centre for Social Innovation 6 Contents Contents 7 Contents Hanna ScHeck ana kralj Preface Where in the puzzle: discrimination of unrecognised national 5 minorities in Slovenia 106 ChriStoph reinPrecHt Introduction: On a tentative pathway toward universalized social justice ana Marija Sobočan, Petra VideMšek and global citizenship Segregated identities, multidimensional exclusion and mental health: 8 the case of Roma 118 Ksenija VidMar HorVat, daMjan Mandelc Some conceptual problems in tracking the influence of Europeanisation Polona tratnik in South Eastern Europe: the case of the ex-Yugoslav Balkan region Resistance strategies against social power and consumer ideology: 14 Slovenia resisting the Empire 136 taMara Ehs Myths of a mission: Austria and the EU accession of SEE countries Sanja kalaPoš 32 One music, multiple realities: from local to global 156 roMy WöHlert, Sanela Hodzic, gazela Pudar, Peter Sekloča EU accession, crimes and sports: the thematic frame of reciprocal eliSabetH beHr, anngrit PicHler perceptions between Western Balkan countries and EU The exotic, hybrid and progressive Balkan dance — the construction 46 of shared meanings and concepts of identity within the Balkan music scene of Vienna inga toMić-koludroVić, Mirko Petrić, Željka zdraVkoVić 170 Changing identities: Croatian youth at the threshold of the EU 68 tanja PetroVić Serbia’s quest for the usable past: the legacy of the 19th century in the context of the EU accession 92 8 Christoph Reinprecht Introduction 9 institutions, an increase of support for radical populism, or even so far ChriStoph reinPrecHt 1 as to abandon democracy. In his most recent publication, “Zur Verfassung Europas” (2011), Jürgen Habermas reformulates his argument that democratic Europe Introduction: On a tentative pathway not only has to go radically beyond the existing concentration of power toward universalized social justice and within the inter-governmental commission of the national heads of gov- ernment, but, it rather needs a broad and radical controversy on the global citizenship advantages of a post-national democracy. Democratic Europe does not necessarily follow the model of a European federal state, Habermas ar- gues; but is based on and nourished by the vitality of its (increasingly I. trans-national) public sphere and political culture. The critical juncture of current democratic Europe results from well-known contradictory Being invited to write an introduction to this volume on changing iden- tendencies. Whereas inside of Europe, national interests remain strong tities in South Eastern Europe, it is important to pay attention to the and thus hamper the development of new inclusive and supra-national particular historical framing within which it is being played out: the institutions, at the same time, the post- and trans-national revitaliza- European economic and financial crisis; the regime-collapse in the Mid- tion of democracy is defined — and restricted — by the contemporary dle East; and the emergence of new global assemblages. All these devel- structural, political and cultural transformation of world society. Even opments challenge the project of European integration in both specif- if democratic values and human rights serve as important references ic — and contradictory — ways. It exposes the familiar tension between in political conflicts, particularly within the context of today’s social capitalism and democracy, but, under the radically new circumstances revolutions, the global socio-political landscape is even more strongly of the “Non-death of Neo-Liberalism” (Colin Crouch); it points out the characterized by authoritarian tendencies observed not only in the con- increasingly supra-national interdependency, and the trans-national text of ‘socialist’ capitalism (China) but also in the frame of the recon- character of the social question. It also emphasizes the simultaneity of figuration of the state’s role in Western (welfare) states (from welfare democratic lassitude in many Western welfare states, and the vitality of to penal policy). Reactionary democracy is a highly problematic but not democratic ideals worldwide manifesting in various forms of civil diso- unrealistic consequence of the on-going post-democratic turn in Euro- bedience and socio-political resistance, within, and also increasingly pean society. Additionally, it is reinforced by post-socialist autocracy across national borders. All these phenomena become significant for in- becoming dominant in countries such as Hungary or Romania. dividual and collective life: From the collective perspective, the current crisis increases the risk of insufficient, and inefficient, institutions that may lead to ungovernability, i.e. political instability and consequently to II. institutional re-arrangement. From an individual’s perspective, the situ- ation may lead to frustration, with an increasing distrust in democratic From the standpoint of the post-Yugoslavian experience, the papers of this volume deal with the contradictory dynamics of the European de- 1 University of Vienna, AT mocratization and integration project, with regard to the sustainability 10 Christoph Reinprecht Introduction 11 of democratic culture, and to its future potential in both the Balkan and then endure for ever more. It can only arise and be re-negotiated states and the European Union. One distinguishing common thread dis- in ever new acts of democratic law-giving and in public debate” (pages cussed is the existence and liveliness of ethnocentrism and nationalism, 42 – 43 in this volume). Thus, the changing of identities in South East- and questions of collective identity, in all post-Yugoslavian succession ern European countries means that it is not only a challenge, but po- states. However, this experience is interpreted in different ways, e.g., tentially, it is a gain for the European integration project. At the same as the expression of a defensive self-placing vis-à-vis