Resolution VII.13 Guidelines for Identifying and Designating Karst
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Abseil: Descent of a Rope. Active Cave / Streamway: Cave Passage with a Flowing Stream
Caving terms (more detailed) Abseil: Descent of a rope. Active cave / streamway: Cave passage with a flowing stream. Aven: A vertical shaft as seen from below. Bed: Horizontal band of limestone. Bedding plane: Weakness or gap between beds. Belay: A fixed point to attach rope. Also describes the act of controlling a rope attached to another caver to prevent a fall. Boulder choke: Fallen rocks obscuring a passage. Calcite: A form of calcium carbonate that is the main mineral from which cave formations are made. Cavern: A very large cave chamber. Crawl: A cave passage with a low roof that necessitates crawling. Curtain: A sheet-shaped stalactite. Decorations: Another term for cave formations. Duck: Place where the cave roof almost reaches a water surface. Flowstone: Calcite formations resembling a frozen waterfall. Formations: Features such as stalactites and stalagmites formed by the deposition of calcite. Also called speleothems. Helictites: Stalactites that grow in convoluted shapes Jumar: A device used to ascend a rope. Also termed an ascender. Karst: A descriptive term for typical limestone landscapes. Pitch: A vertical shaft requiring a ladder or rope to descend. Pothole: A vertical cave. Rift: A cave passage formed at a fault. Shakehole: A surface depression resulting from the collapse of soil and rock. underneath. May indicate the presence of a cave beneath. Shaft: A vertical cave pitch. A shaft that opens to the ground surface is also called a pothole. Sink / Swallow hole / Swallet: Where surface water enters the ground. Speleothem: Another term for a cave formation such as a stalactite. SRT: Abbreviation for Single Rope Technique where a caver uses a rope to access vertical pitches in a cave rather than a wire ladder. -
Cave Diving in the Northern Pennines
CAVE DIVING IN THE NORTHERN PENNINES By M.A.MELVIN Reprinted from – The proceedings of the British Speleological Association – No.4. 1966 BRITISH SPELEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SETTLE, YORKS. CAVE DIVING IN THE NORTHERN PENNINES By Mick Melvin In this paper I have endeavoured to trace the history and development of cave diving in the Northern Pennines. My prime object has been to convey to the reader a reasonable understanding of the motives of the cave diver and a concise account of the work done in this particular area. It frequently occurs that the exploration of a cave is terminated by reason of the cave passage becoming submerged below water (A sump) and in many cases the sink or resurgence for the water will be found to be some distance away, and in some instances a considerable difference in levels will be present. Fine examples of this occurrence can be found in the Goyden Pot, Nidd Head's drainage system in Nidderdale, and again in the Alum Pot - Turn Dub, drainage in Ribblesdale. It was these postulated cave systems and the success of his dives in Swildons Hole, Somerset, that first brought Graham Balcombe to the large resurgence of Keld Head in Kingsdale in 1944. In a series of dives carried out between August 1944 and June 1945, Balcombe penetrated this rising for a distance of over 200 ft. and during the course of the dive entered at one point a completely waterbound chamber containing some stalactites about 5' long, but with no way on above water level. It is interesting to note that in these early cave dives in Yorkshire the diver carried a 4' probe to which was attached a line reel, a compass, and his lamp which was of the miners' type, and attached to the end of the probe was a tassle of white tape which was intended for use as a current detector. -
DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at Chapter 40 -- Karstology
Chapter 40 -- Karstology Characterizing the mechanism of cavern accretion as "force" tends to suggest catastrophic attack, not a process of subtle persistence. Publicity for Ohio's Olentangy Indian Caverns illustrates the misconception. Formed millions of years ago by the tremendous force of an underground river cutting through solid limestone rock, the Olentangy Indian Caverns. There was no tremendous event millions of years ago; it's been dissolution at a rate barely discernable, century to century. Another rendition of karst stages, this time in elevation, as opposed to cross-section. Juvenile Youthful Mature Complex Extreme 594 DRAFT 8/8/2013 Updates at http://www.unm.edu/~rheggen/UndergroundRivers.html Chapter 40 -- Karstology It may not be the water, per se, but its withdrawal that initiates catastrophic change in conduit cross-section. The figure illustrates stress lines around natural cavities in limestone. Left: Distribution around water-filled void below water table Right: Distribution around air-filled void after lowering water table. Natural Bridges and Tunnels Natural bridges begin as subterranean conduits, but subsequent collapse has left only a remnant of the original roof. "Men have risked their lives trying to locate the meanderings of this stream, but have been unsuccessful." Virginia's Natural Bridge, 65 meters above today's creek bed. George Washington is said to have surveyed Natural Bridge, though he made no mention it in his journals. More certain is that Thomas Jefferson purchased "the most sublime of nature's works," in his words, from King George III. Herman Melville alluded to the formation in describing Moby Dick, But soon the fore part of him slowly rose from the water; for an instant his whole marbleized body formed a high arch, like Virginia's Natural Bridge. -
High Resolution Microclimate Study of Hollow Ridge Cave
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 High Resolution Microclimate Study of Hollow Ridge Cave: Relationships Between Cave Meteorology, Air Chemistry, and Hydrology and the Impact on Speleothem Deposition Andrew Kowalczk Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES HIGH RESOLUTION MICROCLIMATE STUDY OF HOLLOW RIDGE CAVE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CAVE METEOROLOGY, AIR CHEMISTRY, AND HYDROLOGY AND THE IMPACT ON SPELEOTHEM DEPOSITION By ANDREW KOWALCZK A Thesis submitted to the Department of Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2009 Copyright © 2009 Andrew Kowalczk All Rights Reserved The members of the committee approve the thesis of Andrew Kowalczk defended on October 12, 2009. __________________________________ Philip N Froelich Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________ Yang Wang Committee Member __________________________________ Doron Nof Committee Member __________________________________ Tom Scott Committee Member __________________________________ Bill Burnett Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________ William Dewar, Chair, Oceanography The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank Nicole Tibbitts, Sammbuddha Misra, Ricky Peterson, Darrel Tremaine, Dr. Bill Burnett, Dr. Tom Scott, and Allen Mosler for editorial comments. The author would like to thank Darrel Tremaine, Craig Gaffka, Brian Kilgore, and Allen Mosler for assistance with field sampling. The author would like to thank Nicole Tibbitts, Sammbuddha Misra, Ricky Peterson, Natasha Dimova, Claire Langford, Dr. Michael Bizimus, Dr. Yang Wang, Dr. Yingfeng Xu, and Dr. Jeff Chanton for assistance in sample analyses and interpretation. -
National Speleologi'c-Al Society
Bulletin Number Five NATIONAL SPELEOLOGI'C-AL SOCIETY n this Issue: CAVES IN WORLD HISTORY . B ~ BERT MORGAN THE GEM OF CAVES' . .. .. • B DALE WHITE CA VE FAUN A, with Recent Additions to the Lit ture Bl J. A. FOWLER CAT ALOG OF THE SOCIETY LJBR R . B)' ROBERT S. BRAY OCTOBER, 1943 PRJ E 1.0 0 . ------------------------------------------- .-'~ BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Issue Number Five October, 1943 750 Copies. 64 Pages Published sporadically by THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 510 Scar Building, Washington, D. c., ac $1.00 per copy. Copyrighc, 1943, by THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. EDITOR: DON BLOCH 5606 Sonoma Road, Bethesda-14, Maryland ASSOCIATE EDITORS: ROBERT BRAY WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON J. S. PETRIE OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN *WM. ]. STEPHENSON J. S. PETR'IE *LEROY FOOTE F. DURR President Vice·Prcsidet1l & Secretary Treasurer Pina~iaJ Sect'eIM"J 7108 Prospect Avenue 400 S. Glebe Road R. D. 3 2005 Kansas Avenue Richmond, Va. Arlin-glon, Va. Waterbury, Conn. Richmond, Va. Archeology Fauna Hydrology Programs &. Activities FLOYD BARLOGA JAMES FOWLER DR. WM. M. MCGILL DR. JAMES BENN 202·8 Lee Boulevard 6420 14th Street 6 Wayside Place, University U. S. Nat. Museum Arlington, Va. Washington, D . C. Charlottesville, Va. Washington, D. C. Bibliography &. Library Finance Mapping PubliCity *ROBERT BRAY *l.EROY FOOTB GBORGE CRABB *·Lou KLBWEJ.t R. F. D. 2 R. F. D. 3 P. O. Box 791 Toledo Blade Herndon, Va. Waterbury, Conn. Blacksburg, Va. Toledo, Ohio BuIletin &. Publications Folklore Metnbership DON BLOCH "'CLAY PERRY SAM ALLBN RECORDS 5606 Sonoma Road East Acres 1226 Wel.Jesley Avenue *FLORENCE WHITLI!Y Deorhesda, Md. -
Cave Diving in Southeastern Pennsylvania
The Underground Movement Volume 13, Number 11 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA November 2013 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA An Historical, Cultural, and Speleological Perspective of Bucks County — Danny A. Brass — Large portions of central and southern Pennsylvania are ipants than dry caving, cave diving still remains a global underlain by carbonate bedrock (primarily limestone and activity. Worldwide, a variety of cave-diving organiza- dolomite, but with smaller amounts of marble as well). tions can be found in areas rich in underwater caves. Ma- Over the course of geologic time, much of this bedrock jor cave-diving sites include the cenotes and tidal blue- has been exposed by gradual erosion of the overburden. holes of the Bahamas and Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, In combination with the abrasive activity of water-borne the vast underground rivers of Australia’s Nullarbor Plain sediments, the relentless action of weak acids (i.e., chemi- and the sinkholes of its unique Mt. Gambier region, the cal dissolution by acidic groundwater) on soluble car- sumps of Great Britain, and the rich concentration of bonate deposits, especially limestone, is a self- springs in Florida. Diving conditions vary greatly from accelerating process that has led to the development of one region to another. This is reflected in the many differ- broad areas of karst topography. A variety of surface and ences in training procedures, required equipment, under- subsurface geological features are characteristically asso- water protocols, and even diving philosophies, all of ciated with karstification; the presence of large numbers which have evolved in association with local diving con- of solution caves and sinkholes is common. -
Fall 2015 Minutes
Lake Ozarks Grotto The Speleograph Volume 45 Issue 2 July-December 2015 Inside this Issue Fantasy World Caverns Hoary Bat Devils Well Kiesewetter Cave Looking back in Time NSS Awards Goodwin Totals Breakdown Christmas Party Soda Straws in Hartwigs Paradise, Kiesewetter Cave The Speleograph is published twice a year by the Lake Ozarks Grotto. All articles and other information is donated by cavers and individuals who have an interest in caving. For more information please visit us on the web: www.lakeozarksgrotto.com The Speleograph Fantasy World Caverns – 2015 The July meeting of Lake Ozarks Grotto was held at Fantasy World Caverns on the 14th. We were to meet at the cave at 6 pm with the cave tour at 7 pm. Gary and I arrived with Travis and Kathy, Derek and Brandon Zumwalt. Chairman Ken Long was already there, visiting with the owner of the cave, Curtis Whitman. It wasn’t long before the rest of the entourage appeared: Cliff Gill, Krista Bartel, Linda Marg, Dwight, Rosie and Karen Weaver. We had a total of eleven members and four guests. The meeting was short and sweaty. So we proceeded into the cave and the coolness. Before we en- tered the cave, Curtis had briefed us on how to behave in the cave. One thing I remember was not to be shining a flashlight all around on the tour in. Well, let me tell you, there were a lot of flashlights shining up walls, down walls and in the water…… But Curtis just kept talking as we were going down the pas- sage. -
Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
September 2019 Volume 81, Number 3 JOURNAL OF ISSN 1090-6924 A Publication of the National CAVE AND KARST Speleological Society STUDIES DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, EXPLORATION, AND CONSERVATION Published By BOARD OF EDITORS The National Speleological Society Anthropology George Crothers http://caves.org/pub/journal University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Office [email protected] 6001 Pulaski Pike NW Huntsville, AL 35810 USA Conservation-Life Sciences Julian J. Lewis & Salisa L. Lewis Tel:256-852-1300 Lewis & Associates, LLC. [email protected] Borden, IN [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Earth Sciences Benjamin Schwartz Malcolm S. Field Texas State University National Center of Environmental San Marcos, TX Assessment (8623P) [email protected] Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Leslie A. North 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, KY Washington, DC 20460-0001 [email protected] 703-347-8601 Voice 703-347-8692 Fax [email protected] Mario Parise University Aldo Moro Production Editor Bari, Italy [email protected] Scott A. Engel Knoxville, TN Carol Wicks 225-281-3914 Louisiana State University [email protected] Baton Rouge, LA [email protected] Journal Copy Editor Exploration Linda Starr Paul Burger Albuquerque, NM National Park Service Eagle River, Alaska [email protected] Microbiology Kathleen H. Lavoie State University of New York Plattsburgh, NY [email protected] Paleontology Greg McDonald National Park Service Fort Collins, CO The Journal of Cave and Karst Studies , ISSN 1090-6924, CPM [email protected] Number #40065056, is a multi-disciplinary, refereed journal pub- lished four times a year by the National Speleological Society. -
Bulletin Number Seven
~1t==~======:=====, BULLETIN NUMBER SEVEN of the In this Issue: FROM MY CAVE NOTEBOOKS By ALEXANDER WETMORE TECHNIQUE OF CAVERN PHOTOGRAPHY By GEORGE F. JACKSON COMPOSITE OBSER VA TIONS ON CAVE LIFE By JAMES H. BENN CACAHUAMILPA CAVE OF MEXICO By VICTOR S. CRAUN • WASHINGTON, D. C. ~-I -~----~ BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL SPELEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Issue Number Seven December. 1945. 1000 Copies. 88 Pages Published intermittently by The NatioI].al Speleological Society, 510 Star Building, Washington, D. C., at $1.00 per copy. Copyright, 1945, by The National Speleological Society. EDITOR: DON BLOCH 654 Emerson St., Denver 3: Colorado ASSOCIATE EDITORS: DR. R. W. STONE, . DR. MARTIN H. Mm~1A" FLOYD BARL~GA OFFICERS AND COMMiTTEE CHAIRM.EN *WM. J. STEPHENSON *DR. MAR TIN H. MUMA LEROY \VI. FOOTE J. S. PETRIE President Vice-President TreaS1lrer Correspondillg Secretary 7108 Prospect Avenue 1515 N. 32 St. R. D. 1 400 S. Glebe Road Richmond. Va • . Lincoln. Neb. Middlebury. Conn. Arlington. Va. MRS. KATHARINE MUMA FRANK DURR W. S. HILL R ecording Secretary Financial Secretary The NEWSLETTER 1515 N. 32 St. 2005 Kansas Ave. 2714-A Garland Ave. Lincoln. Neb. Richmond. Va. Richmond. Va. Archeology Fauna Hydrology Publicity *ELOYD BARLOGA • JAMES FOWLER DR. ALFRED HAWKINS GEORGE M. BADGER 2600 Nash St. 6420 14th St. 208 Boscaron St. 1333!.f:z Ohio Ave. ArIing~on. Va. Washington, D. C. Winchester, Va. Long Beach, Cal. Records Bibliography ~ Library Finance Mapping ROBERT MORGAN MRS. BETTY BRAY LERoy W. FOOTE E. EARL PORTER 5014 Caledonia Road R. D. 2 R. D. 1 2602-3rd Ave. Richmond, Va. Herndon, Va. -
Cave Post Offices
CAVE POST OFFICES CAVE POST OFFICES Thomas Lera Cave Books www.cauebooks.com Library of Congress Control Number 2011001057 ISBN 978-0-939748-76-1 First edition February, 2011 Frontice Piece: An early picture of the Mammoth Cave Post Office and Store. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lera, Thomas M. Cave post offices / by Thomas Lera. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:978-0-939748-76-1 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-939748-76-2 (pbk.) 1. Names, Geographical—United States. 2. United States—History, Local. 3. Caves- United States—History. 4. Cities and towns—United States-History 5. Post office buildings—United States. 6. Postal service—United States—History. 7. Postmarks—United States—History. 8. Canceling machines—United States—History. I. Title. E155.L47 2011 383'.42-dc22 2011001057 ©2011 Thomas Lera All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any data storage or retrieval system without the express written permission of the copyright owner. Published by CAVE BOOKS 4700 Amberwood Drive Dayton, Ohio 45424-4602 http://www.cavebooks.com Cave books is the publication affiliate of the Cave Research Foundation Publisher: Roger McClure Book design by Greyhound Press, Bloomington, Indiana Cover design by Gary Berdeaux, Park City, Kentucky Printed in The United States of America Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Preface 4 A Short Introduction to Postmarks and Cancellations 5 Historical Records -
Međunarodni Znanstveno-Stručni Skup „Čovjek I Krš“ International Scientific Symposium “Man and Karst”
Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Čovjek i krš“ International Scientific Symposium “Man and Karst” 13. – 16. 10. 2011. Bijakovići, Međugorje KNJIGA SAŽETAKA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS POKROVITELJ SKUPA: PREDSJEDNIK FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE, GOSPODIN ŽIVKO BUDIMIR SPONSOR OF THE CONFERENCE: PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, MR. ŽIVKO BUDIMIR Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Čovjek i krš“ International Scientific Symposium “Man and Karst” 13. – 16. 10. 2011. Bijakovići, Međugorje KNJIGA SAŽETAKA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Sarajevo – Međugorje, 2011. Centar za krš i speleologiju Sarajevo / Centre for karst and speleology, Sarajevo i / and Fakultet društvenih znanosti Dr. Milenka Brkića, Bijakovići, Međugorje / Faculty of social sciences Dr. Milenko Brkć, Bijakovići, Međugorje Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup / International scientific symposium „Čovjek i krš“ / „ Man and Karst“ KNJIGA SAŽETAKA / THE BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Znanstveno-stručni odbor / Scientific committee Darko Bakšić (HR) Ognjen Bonacci (HR) Vlado Božić (HR) Jelena Ćalić (RS) Andrej Kranjc (SI) Alen Lepirica (BA) Ivo Lučić (BA i HR) Andrej Mihevc (SI) Petar Milanović (RS) Jasminko Mulaomerović (BA) Mićko Radulović (ME) Boris Sket (SI) Radislav Tošić (BA) Organizacijski odbor / Organizing committee Admir Barjaktarović Tanja Bašagić Marko Antonio Brkić Jelena Kuzman Katica Andrija Lučić Simone Milanolo Jasmin Pašić Glavni urednici / Editors-in-chief Ivo Lučić Jasminko Mulaomerović Štampa / Print TDP Sarajevo Tiraž / Circulation 100 primjeraka / 100 copies Sveučilište/Univerzitet -
The Concept of Regulated Use of Natural Heritage Sites Included in the Tourist Cluster: a Russian Caves Case Study
A. N. Polukhina, Yu. S. Lyakhnitsky, and V. V. Lezhnin. The concept of regulated use of natural heritage sites included in the tourist cluster: a Russian caves case study. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 81, no. 3, p. 162-173. DOI:10.4311/2017SS0107 THE CONCEPT OF REGULATED USE OF NATURAL HERITAGE SITES INCLUDED IN THE TOURIST CLUSTER: A RUSSIAN CAVES CASE STUDY A. N. Polukhina1,C, Yu. S. Lyakhnitsky2, and V. V. Lezhnin1 Abstract The rationale for our research arises from non-regulated use of caves for commercial and sightseeing purposes, which can significantly damage objects of cultural heritage or result in their complete destruction. In this respect, our paper aims to define the factors necessary for the development of nature preserves and tourist centers that provide for the preservation of caves that are properly maintained and used by the public. The paper employs a multidisciplinary ap- proach based on inter-connections among geological, social, and economic research methods. Geological methods provide complex monitoring of cave environments to ensure that they are not being adversely impacted and remain popular tourist destinations. Social and economic methods allow development of a business model to ensure that their operation is economically sustainable. The authors apply a model of step-by-step formation and development of a cave-related nature preserve and tourist center, exemplified with the case study of the Sablinsky tourist center (Leningrad District), including complex research of the geology, establishment of a nature preserve and tourist unit, development of a self-financing operating plan, cave zoning that allots areas for natural and cultural interpretation, but restricts tourists to special routes, and touristic infrastructure.