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Notes and References Notes and References 1 Introduction I. James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts qf Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990). 2. For analyses of political opportunity structures, see Sidney Tarrow, Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 17-18, 81-99; Herbert P. Kitschelt, 'Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies,' British Journal qf Political Science, 16 Uanuary 1986): 57--85; J. Craig Jenkins and Kurt Schock, 'Global Structures and Political Processes in the Study of Domestic Political Conflict,' in Annual Review qf Sociology 1992, vol. 18, ed. Judith Blake and John Hagan (Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, 1992), 172-75; Kurt Schock, 'Political Opportunities and Social Movements: A Comparative Approach,' States and Societies, 10 (Spring 1993): 2--4. 3. George C. Homans, 'Behaviourism and After,' in Social Theory Today, ed. Anthony Giddens and Jonathan Turner (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987), 58-81; Reinhard Wippler and Siegwart Linden­ berg, 'Collective Phenomena and Rational Choice,' in The Micro-Macro Link, ed.jeffrey C. Alexander, Bernhard Giesen, Richard Munch, and Neil J. Smelser (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 135-52; Dennis Chong, Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). 4. Eric Rambo and Elaine Chan, 'Text, Structure, and Action in Cultural Sociology,' Theory and Society, 19 (October 1990): 635--48; Mark Warren, 'Ideology and the Self,' Theory and Society, 19 (October 1990): 599-634; Richard Harvey Brown, 'Rhetoric, Textuality, and the Postmodern Turn in Sociological Theory,' Sociological Theory, 8 (Fall 1990): 188-94; Seymour Martin Lipset, Revolution and Counterevolution: Change and Persistence in Social Structures (New York: Basic Books, 1968), 159-69; Albert Bandura, 'Selective Activation and Disengagement of Moral Control,' Journal qf Social Issues, 46, no. I (1990): 27--46; Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton, Crimes of Obedience (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989), esp. 261-338. 5. Charles Tilly, From Mobili;cation to Revolution (Reading, MA: Addison­ Wesley, 1978); Charles Tilly, 'Models and Realities of Popular Collective Action,' Social Research, 52 (Winter 1985): 717--47; Doug McAdam, john D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, 'Social Movements,' in Handbook qf Sociology, ed. Neil]. Smelser (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988), 695-729; Mayer N. Zald, 'Looking Backward to Look Forward: Reflections on the Past and Future of the Resource Mobilization Program,' in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, ed. Aldon D. Morris and 318 Notes and References 319 Carol McClurg Mueller (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), 326-48; James B. Rule, Theories of Civil Violence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), 170-99; James B. Rule, 'Rationality and Non­ Rationality in Militant Collective Action,' Sociological Theory, 7 (Fall 1989): 145-60; Daniel R. Sabia, Jr., 'Rationality, Collective Action, and Karl Marx,' American Journal of Political Science, 32 (February 1988): 50-71; Michael Hechter, Principles of Group Solidarity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); Jonathan H. Turner, 'The Misuse and Use of Metatheory,' Socioogical Forum, 5, no. I (1990): 37-53; Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 108-35, 218-27. 6. George C. Homans, 'The Present State of Sociological Theory,' Sociological Q]larterly, 23 (Summer 1982): 285-99. For the distinction between 'purists' and 'pragmatists,' see James DeNardo, Power in Numbers: The Political Strategy of Protest and Rebellion (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985), 87-105. 7. See Karl-Dieter Opp, The Rationality of Political Protest: A Comparative Analysis of Rational Choice Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989). 8. See Edgar Kiser and Michael Hechter, 'The Role of General Theory in Comparative-historical Sociology,' American Journal of Sociology, 97 Ouly 1991 ): 1-30; Randall Collins, 'Sociology: Proscience or Antiscience?', American Sociological Review, 54 (February 1989): 124-39; Charles E. Lindblom, Inquiry and Change: The Troubled Attempt to Understand and Shape Society (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990), esp. 135-74; GuillerminaJasso, 'Principles ofTheoretical Analysis,' Sociological Theory, 6 (Spring 1988): 1-20; Guillermina Jasso, 'Notes on the Advancement of Theoretical Sociology (Reply to Turner),' Sociological Theory, 7 (Spring 1989): 135-44; William A. Harris and Henry A. Walker, 'Theory Construction and Development in Sociology: An Appropriate Frame­ work,' Sociological Theory, 10 (Spring 1992): 111-17; Tim Futing Liao, 'Theory Construction and Development in Sociology: A Reply to Willer and to Harris and Walker,' Sociological Theory, 10 (Spring 1992): 118-21. Part I I. James M. Jasper, 'The Politics of Abstractions: Instrumental and Moralist Rhetorics in Public Debate,' Social Research, 59 (Summer 1992): 315-44. 2. See Talcott Parsons, l!.ssays in Sociological Theory, 2d ed. rev. (Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1954), 54; Marjorie L. DeVault, 'Novel Readings: The Social Organization of Interpretation,' American Journal of Sociology, 95 Qanuary 1990): 886-921; Aaron Wildavsky, 'Can Norms Rescue Self­ Interest or Macro Explanation Be Joined to Micro Explanation?', Critical Review, 5 (Summer 1991): 301-23; Nils Karlson, 'Bringing Social Norms Back In,' Scandinavian Political Studies, 15, no. 3 (1992): 249-68; Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge, trans. Louis Wirth and Edward Shils (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961), 192-263. 3. David I. Kertzer, Ritual, Politics, and Power (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988). 320 Notes and Riferences 4. Daniel Little, 'Rational-Choice Models and Asian Studies,' Journal of Asian Studies, 50 (February 1991): 35-52; Michael Hechter, 'Should Values Be Written Out of the Social Scientist's Lexicon?', Sociological Theory, 10 (Fall 1992): 214--30; Robert Wuthnow, Meaning and Moral Order: l.xplorations in Cultural Anarysis (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 66--185, 265-98; James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics (New York: The Free Press, 1989), 21-52; Roger Friedland and Robert R. Alford, 'Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contra­ dictions,' in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Anarysis, ed. Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 232-63. 5. For analyses of political culture, sec Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963); Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba, eds., The Civic Culture Revisited (Boston: Little, Brown, 1980); Gabriel A. Almond, A Discipline Divided: Schools and Sects in Political Science (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990), 138-56; Harry Eckstein, Regarding Politics: Essays on Political Theory, Stability, and Change (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 265-303; Lucian W. Pye, 'Political Culture Revisited,' Political Psychology, 12 (September 1991): 487-508; Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990); Seymour Martin Lipset, The First New Nation (New York: Basic Books, 1963); Seymour Martin Lipsct, Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada (New York: Routledge, 1990). Philip Converse has done the classic analyses of 'belief systems.' See his 'The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics,' in David E. Apter, ed., Ideology and Discontent (New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1964), 206-61. 6. See Josef Bleicher, Contemporary Hermeneutics (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980), 11-13, 257-59; Judith N. Shklar, 'Squaring the Hermeneutic Circle,' Social Research, 53 (Autumn 1986): 419-73; Sheldon S. Wolin, 'Contract and Birthright,' Political Theory, 11 (May 1986): 179- 93; Terence Ball, 'Deadly Hermeneutics; or SINN and the Social Scientist,' in Idioms of Inquiry: Critique and Renewal in Political Science, ed. Terence Ball (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987), 95-112; Gregory Leyh, ed., Legal Hermeneutics: History, Theory, and Practice (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992); Nancy C. Much, 'The Analysis of Discourse as Methodology for a Semiotic Psychology,' American Behavioral Scientist, 36 (September 1992): 52-72; Marc W. Steinberg, 'Rethinking Ideology: A Dialogue with Fine and Sandstrom from a Dialogic Perspective,' Sociological Theory, II (November 1993): 314--20; Joseph Schull, 'What Is Ideology? Theoretical Problems and Lessons from Soviet­ Type Societies,' Political Studies, 40 (December 1992): 728--4l;John Street, 'Review Article: Political Culture- from Civic Culture to Mass Culture,' British Journal of Political Science, 24 Uanuary 1991): 95-114; Kathleen Stewart, 'On the Politics of Cultural Theory: A Case for "Contaminated" Cultural Critique,' Social Research, 58 (Summer 1991): 395--412; Robert D. Benford, 'Dramaturgy and Social Movements: The Social Construction Notes and References 321 and Communication of Power,' Sociological Inquiry, 62 (February 1992): 36- 55; Richard A. Couto, 'Narrative, Free Space, and Political Leadership in Social Movements,' Journal of Politics, 55 (February 1993): 57-79; Robin Erica Wagner-Pacifici,
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