AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

ISSN - 0970-7115 Regn. No. 31632/75 A Monthly Survey of Automotive and related Technical Literature & Events

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019

An ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 27001, OHSAS 18001 and NABL Accredited R&D Institute ARAI KNOWLEDGE CENTRES - KOTHRUD & CHAKAN LIST OF JOURNAL / PERIODICALS ARAI Knowledge Centre, established in 1975, is a fully Technical Journals automated special library and one of India's finest libraries with a n ATZ Worldwide (English) specific collection of automotive and related subjects. The n Commercial Vehicles primary goal is to cater to all types of in-house researchers' n DieselNet information needs. The Knowledge Centre also serves ARAI Knowledge Centre n received “Excellence in 5S automotive engineering professionals, faculty, students, and Dhatukam - Yantra aani Tantra (Marathi) Implementation” Award n Engineering Failure Analysis in Dec.2011, Dec. 2012 & various government organizations with respect to automotive Dec.2014 during and related subjects. n International Journal of Crashworthiness ARAI Annual Day. The Knowledge Centre has a collection of around 24,000 books n International Journal of Electric & Hybrid Vehicles and standards. The collection includes books on various topics n International Journal of Vehicle Noise & Vibration such as powertrain, electric & hybrid vehicle, emissions, NVH, n International Journal of Vehicle Design brakes, fatigue, vehicle dynamics, safety, automotive electronics, n Journal of Automobile Engg Procd of IME Part D automotive materials, management, soft-skills, etc. and technical n Journal of Engg. Materials & Technology reports, seminar/conference proceedings such as SAE, SIAT, n Journal of Heat Transfer IMechE, etc. It has a rich collection of national and international n standards such as ADR, AIS, ASTM, BS, DIN, EEC / ECE, IS, Journal of Mechanical Design ISO, JASO, JIS, SANS, SAE and so on. The reading hall has n Journal of Vibration and Acoustics repository of national and international journals. The value added n MTZ Worldwide (English) by the Knowledge Centre is the collection of student project n Noise Control Engineering Journal reports on various areas of automotive research. The collection of n Standards India SAE Technical Papers is an additional value. Free access is n TERI Information Digest on Energy and Environment provided to all SAE members in India. (TIDEE) The Knowledge Centre offers memberships on an annual, n Vehicle Systems Dynamics monthly, weekly and daily basis to educational & research institutes, automotive companies and automotive professionals. Non-Technical Periodicals It also provides its customers with document delivery service for n Business India n National Geographic technical articles towards research work purposes only. It n Business Manager n Outlook publishes a monthly magazine, 'Automotive Abstracts (ISSN No. 0970 - 7115)', which offers India's most comprehensive service to n Current Labour Reports n Reader's Digest the automotive industry. It helps to conduct literature and patent n Digit n Right to Information search and compiles lists of references. It has also developed an n Down to Earth Reporter (RTIR) institutional repository for capturing, organizing, preserving and disseminating automotive knowledge. n Harvard Business Review n Rishimukh A new Knowledge Centre has recently been started at FID-Chakan, n Human Capital n Swamy News Pune, which has Koha automation software for library management, n India Today n The Week (Indian) the Web OPAC is available a https://library.araiindia.com. For more n Labour Law Journal details contact [email protected] (Tel. +91-20-30231192) and n Library Progress [email protected] (Tel. +91-2135-396685). (International) Please visit https://academy.araiindia.com for more information. Exchange Periodicals n n Industrial Safety Chronicle Auto Car India n COLLECTION AT A GLANCE n Manufacturing Autocar Professional Technology Today n Automotive Engineer & n Books, Conference Proceedings, CDs : + 9000 n Trader Motor India n Standards : + 15000 n n EVO India Overdrive n e-Books : + 500 n n Indian Journal of Transport SIAM Monthly Flash n SAE Technical Papers from 1974 onwards : + 80000 Management Reports n SAE SP / PT / Publications : + 500 n Industrial Product Finder n Journals Subscribed for the year 2019 : + 36 e-DATABASES

DIGITAL LIBRARY ARAI Digital Library is developed to capture, organize, preserve and disseminate knowledge. This institutional repository includes Conference Proceedings, SIAT Keynote & Technical Papers, Seminar Papers, Staff Publications, ARAI Updates, Automotive Abstracts, News Clippings, eBooks, etc. The contents of this repository are organized in different collections. It only provides access to all staff and students through the campus intranet. It has +16000 documents. Editorial AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

Dear Reader, For sustainable mobility, the virtual calibration process is useful in a development process, such as engine-out emissions calibration, after-treatment system calibration, OBD calibrations, vehicular performance and field trials, calibration for not-to-exceed (NTE) emissions, real drive emissions (RDE), in-service conformity (ISC) cycles and also for elevated altitude and distinct ambient environments. During the virtual calibration process, the physical vehicle, engine and after-treatment systems are substituted by real-time predictive models. Real and significant actuators are interfaced with engine and after- Participants at PIP on “Virtual Testing for Robust Calibration” treatment models in the HiL setting. Calibration and testing are be performed on the actual ECU / ACU. To tackle these problems, ARAI has conducted a 2-day PIP on “Virtual Testing for Robust Calibration” at Kothrud, Pune, from 19-20 September 2019. There has been an active interaction with industry professionals on solutions to the upcoming calibration challenges for on-road and off-road applications. Due to the fast shift in the automotive sector with more use of electronics in cars, there is a need for a central control unit to control these electronics systems through sensors & actuators. Thus, the participation of the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) with the right capacity to perform the functions with the least annoyance to the driver is necessary. Many of the contemporary vehicles have up to 80 ECUs to manage the growing complexity of the design. Reducing the number of ECUs has become a key challenge to OEMs. As electronics get into the scenario, it becomes a critical job to diagnose it. In Participants at PIP on “ECU & Diagnostics” order to overcome these difficulties, ARAI has conducted a 2 Day PIP on “ECU & Diagnostics” from 26-27 September 2019. Learning outcomes from this programme are ECU programming methods, ECU development and interface challenges, ECU automotive implementation problems analysis, ECU diagnostic concepts, etc. At Technology Front, the Proficiency Improvement Programmes (PIPs) scheduled at ARAI are as follows: n 1 Day PIP on “Failure Mode & Effect Analysis” on 1st October, 2019 at ARAI, Kothrud, Pune. n 2 Day PIP on “Crash Safety of Vehicle (including Electric Vehicle)” from 10–11 October, 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan n 2 Day PIP on “Fuel Cell Technology (Blended)” 10-11 October 2019, at Vel Tech, Chennai. n 2 Day PIP on “Connected & Autonomous Mobility” 14-15 October 2019, at ARAI-FID, Chakan n 3 Day PIP on “BS-VI Technology,Regulation & its implementation for Automotive Vehicles” from 16-18 October,2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan n 2 Day PIP on “Simulation for Electric & Hybrid Vehicles” from 13-14 Nov., 2019, at ARAI-FID, Chakan in association with ANSYS n 2 Day PIP on “Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Modeling and Simulation” from 19-20 November, 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan in association with Gamma Technologies n 2 Day PIP on “Automotive Transmission System” from 21-22 November, 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan n 1 Day PIP on “Benchmarking – Tear down, 3D Scanning & CAD Generation” on 22 November, 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan n 1 Day PIP on “Advances in Plastic Moulding” on 26 November, 2019 at ARAI, Kothrud We have developed high-quality e-learning modules called e-PIPs on various topics related to automotive engineering, these interactive e-Modules are hosted on the ARAI e-Learning Portal https://elearning.araiindia.com to help users access them anytime and anywhere. This can help students to get 1 or 2 credits at University, as lines similar to MOOC. For more details of above programmes, visit ARAI website https://araiindia.com & ARAI Academy website https://academy. araiindia.com. Please feel free to contact me with your valuable suggestions at [email protected] With Best Regards. Dr. K. C. Vora Sr. Deputy Director & Head, ARAI Academy & Knowledge Centre. Member, SAEINDIA Managing Committee. Chairman, BAJA SAEINDIA 2020 National Organizing Committee.

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 1 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 ISSN 0970-7115 Regn. No. 31632/75 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Vol. 45, No. 10 October 2019

Contents General Information 1. Editorial ...... 01 Abstracts have been taken directly 2. Proficiency Improvement Programme Flyers ...... 03 from source documents like conference 3. Proficiency Improvement Programmes (PIPs ) ...... 06 proceedings, national and international 4. Proficiency Improvement Programmes (PIPs) to be Planned ...... 07 periodicals covering worldwide literature 5. Domain Training Programmes (DTPs) ...... 07 6. Online Learning Courses (ePIP) ...... 08 on automotive and related allied subjects. 7. Technical Abstracts...... 09 Abstracts are broadly classified and arranged n AFTER TREATMENT DEVICES ...... 09 under various subject heads. n ALTERNATE FUELS ...... 09 Every effort is made to present the abstracts n AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ...... 10 accurately but the Automotive Research n BRAKE SYSTEMS ...... 10 Association of India, Pune assumes no n COMBUSTION ...... 11 liability for any error and omission. n COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ...... 11 n CONTROL SYSTEMS ...... 11 Publication Details n COOLING SYSTEM ...... 12 n ELECTRIC VEHICLES ...... 13 Automotive Abstracts is a monthly publication n ENGINE ...... 13 published by Knowledge Centre (Library) n FAILURE ANALYSIS ...... 14 of the Automotive Research Association of n FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ...... 15 India. January to November 11 issues (print n FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS ...... 15 + e-version) and December issue an Index n GEARS ...... 16 issue in CD-ROM format. n LUBRICATING SYSTEMS ...... 16 Enquiries may be addressed to ARAI n MATERIALS & MANUFACTURING ...... 16 n NOISE VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS ...... 17 Post Box No. 832, Pune-411004. n SAFETY ...... 18 Tel.: 020 -30231192 n SIMULATION ...... 20 Email : [email protected] / n STEERING SYSTEMS ...... 21 [email protected] n SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ...... 21 n TRANSMISSION ...... 21 Subscription Details: n TRIBOLOGY...... 22 The annual subscription rate for Automotive n TYRE...... 23 Abstracts for the subscription period April to n VEHICLE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS ...... 24 March is Rs. 3000/- for print + e-version (for n VEHICLE DYNAMICS ...... 25 n VIRTUAL TESTING ...... 25 Inland) and US $100+GST for only e-version 8. Technoscan ...... 26 (for Foreign). 9. IPR Scan (Automotive Battery) ...... 31 Demand Draft / Cheques are to be drawn 10. Auto News ...... 34 in favour of “The Automotive Research 11. Books Added in the Knowledge Centre for the year 2019-20 ...... 37 Association of India” payable at Pune. 12. Forthcoming Events ...... 40 13. Subscription form for Automotive Abstracts ...... 46 Disclaimer: 14. Feedback Form for Automotive Abstracts ...... 46 This publication has been published for 15. Deposit Account Scheme Form ...... 47 16. Knowledge Centre Membership Details...... 47 providing updates on the latest events and 17. Knowledge Centre Annual Membership Form ...... 48 happenings in the automotive industry and the patent applications being filed in this Editor : Dr. K. C. Vora, Sr. Deputy Director & Head, ARAI Academy regard. However, it is clarified that details Published by : Mrs. Rashmi Urdhwareshe, Director, ARAI w.r.t. the patent applications are derived Regd. Office : Survey No. 102, Vetal Hill, Off. Paud Road, Kothrud, from the public domain. ARAI does not Pune - 411 038. India have any right, title or interest in the said Tel.: +91 - 020 - 30231111, Fax : 020 - 30231104 patent, unless specified. This publication E-mail : [email protected] is for academic and educational purpose Declaration No. : PHM/SR/95/2000 dt. 13-04-2000 only. ARAI does not intent to derive any Visit us at http://www.araiindia.com commercial benefit from it. Printed at : VGA Digital Printers Pvt. Ltd, 301, 3rd Floor, Mandke Business Centre, 652, Narayan Peth, Appa Balwant Chowk, Pune - 411 030, INDIA n Tel.: +91- 7385-100-300 / 400 / 500 n E-mail - [email protected]

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 2 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Proficiency Improvement Programme

E x c e l l e n c e i n E d u c a t i o n E x c e l l e n c e i n E d u c a t i o n

1 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme (PIP) 2 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on Failure Mode & Effect Analysis Crash Safety of Vehicle SAVE THE DATE (including Electric Vehicle) Why wait? 01st October 2019 Learn from Why wait? Learn from Register Industry Register SAVE THE DATE Industry Experts! Experts! Soon! ARAI FID-Chakan, Pune Soon! 10th & 11th Oct 2019 ARAI FID-Chakan, Pune

Workshop Overview: The Crash and Occupant Safety is one of the major challenges faced in Automotive Industry apart from Durability, Fuel Economy, Workshop Overview: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is an effective Weight, Emissions, Acoustics, Personalization, Durability, tool to reduce your company’s risk of expensive failures! Field failure of products Environmental, etc. The Crash Performance is insured through series of system, is one of the major concerns for most organizations. This workshop will help to subsystem and vehicle level tests. In developed countries such as Europe, US understand and apply FMEA in product design/development and manufacturing the guideline for these Crash Testing has been documented in form of series of processes. It helps to identify potential modes of failure before launching a new ECE and FMVSS regulations whereas in developing countries such as India, product or modifying an existing one to improve reliability of products. FMEA China the important Crash guidelines for Testing Vehicles are available in form of IS and GB standard. is a systematic approach to formalize & document the mental disciplines that an engineer applies to design products and processes. Also, FMEA history, This training present unique opportunity to understand theory behind Crash methods, types, responsibilities, documentation and implementation will be Safety (including Electric Vehicle) followed by Crash Safety Regulation in India – Current & Future, Crash Safety Norms, Pedestrian Safety, NCAP Comparison. dealt in depth. The workshop will include Design as well as Process FMEA. Demo Test will be planned in Passive Safety Lab of ARAI. (HTC-PSL Lab Participants will learn how to produce a fail-safe designs and/or processes. Chakan). ARAI invites you to understand about Crash Safety of Vehicle. What’s in it for you? What’s in it for you? n Historical background of FMEA n Understand FMEA Types and Basic Terminology n Introduction to Crash Safety n Crash Safety Regulation in India- Current & Future n n Prerequisites for FMEA: System and Reliability Block Diagrams, Boundary Diagram, Passive Safety Lab Overview (PSL) n Crash Safety Norms n Pedestrian Safety n Crash Parameter Diagram, Interface Matrix n Performing FMEA: Failure Modes, Severity, Safety for Electric Vehicle n NCAP Comparison n CAE Based Certification Occurrence and Detection rankings for FMEA n Design improvement guidelines Who Should Attend ? Who is it for? This training is useful for those who are working in: Course is most appropriate for engineers & managers involved: n Organizations involved in R&D, design,. manufacturing, testing, and product development n Process / Product Design, Develop & Optimization n Quality Assurance & Improvement teams specializing in crash and safety simulation of all types of vehicles n Automotive n Production and Service Departments n Supplier Improvement n Vendor Development & component manufacturers and suppliers of critical components n Engineers working in the Supply Chain n Reliability Testing, Problem Solving n Others responsible for Continuous areas of FEM / CAE / Crash / Safety n Engineering /Consulting Companies n Engineering n Improvement. Professors / Engineering Students Students/ Professors / PhD Scholars Registration fees per person Registration fees per person Pricing Category Pricing Category (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax) (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax) Industry Professionals Rs. 5,000 + Rs. 900 = Rs. 5,900 Industry Professionals Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 1,800 = Rs. 11,800 Teaching Faculty Rs. 3,000 + Rs. 540 = Rs. 3,540 Teaching Faculty Rs. 6,000 + Rs. 1,080 = Rs. 7,080 Student Rs. 2,000 + Rs. 360 = Rs. 2,360 Student Rs. 4,000 + Rs. 720 = Rs. 4,720 Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, venue etc. for the programme without any notice. venue etc. for the programme without any notice. Contact for More Details & Registration Contact for More Details & Registration Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. N. R. Shimpi / Mr. N. A. Deshmukh Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. N. R. Shimpi / Mr. N. A. Deshmukh Phone: 02135 - 396695 / 91 / 90 Phone: 02135 - 396695 / 91 / 90 E-mail ID: [email protected]; E-mail ID: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 3 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Proficiency Improvement Programme

E x c e l l e n c e i n E d u c a t i o n E x c e l l e n c e i n E d u c a t i o n 2 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on 2 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme (PIP) on Connected & Simulation for Electric & Autonomous Mobility Hands-on Hybrid Vehicles Exposure

Learn from SAVE THE DATE SAVE THE DATE Why wait? Why wait? Industry Register th th Register Experts! th th Learn from 14 &15 Oct 2019 Soon! 13 &14 Nov. 2019 Soon! Industry ARAI FID-Chakan, Pune Experts! ARAI FID-Chakan, Pune

Workshop Overview: Are driverless cars a matter of future? This technology was just a Sci-fi till 2017. But after that, Autonomous Mobility technology has started emerging and has been categorized into SAE J3016 level 1 to 5 capacity. Many esteemed Autonomous Vehicles (AV) developers like GM, Baidu, Audi, Mercedes, Nissan, Honda, Ford, BMW, Volvo, VW, Google, Tesla & Uber, etc. Workshop Overview: Role of virtual product design as part of EV development have demonstrated there technology for limited scope deployment. In India is proven beyond doubt. What needs to be addressed is adoption of newer too, research has started at ARAI and many organizations under closed doors. simulation methodologies, many of which are completely different from IC Today, most of the AV developers use “public shadow” driving which involves a engine methods. As OEMs and Suppliers in India are embarking on a virtual human in the vehicle only for observation. However, in future we would require product design route, engineers will encounter challenges of new modelling simulation systems. Since, it requires miles of driving and re-driving of potential techniques, new physics, newer robust design practices, standardization of scenarios to train AI, we need to work more on the communication systems. simulation methods, system integration simulations and validation & verification. This is where, connected mobility becomes essential part to implement before This workshop is to address the above challenges through interactive sessions we go ahead with AV technology. Macro & micro factors must be considered and hands on workshops on major topics related to Electric Powertrain along with preprocessing to master this technology. ARAI invites you to join this development. program to give an in-sight of Connected & Autonomous Mobility. To give an in-sight of all these, ARAI & ANSYS invites you to join this programme What’s in it for you? on Simulation for Electric & Hybrid Vehicles. n Vehicle Connectivity, Intelligence & Automation in vehicles n L0 to L5 levels, V2V, V2R What’s in it for you? n ITS, Various systems in Connected & Autonomous vehicles n Telematics & Navigation: n Overview of Simulation in ground transportation n Battery thermal and structural reliability HD maps, localization, Communication Technology, Wireless network architecture n Top n Model based software development for Battery Management System (BMS) n Traction 5 problems in Autonomous driving, Infrastructure: India context n Role of mobile operators, motor design and virtual validation n Power Electronics modelling and EMI/EMC mitigation n Artificial Intelligence and Cyber security n Data analytics for Connected & Autonomous Drivetrain design with system consideration vehicles n Validation of Autonomous vehicles in Simulation platform Who is it for? Who is it for? This PIP is useful for those, who are in design & development of Electric & Hybrid Vehicles as This training is useful for those, who need to have comprehensive understanding of well as need to have comprehensive understanding of simulation tools and are: Connected & Autonomous Vehicles and are: n Working on or interested in automotive component design n Working on vehicle n Working on Communications, Vehicle Integration, ADAS, Connected mobility, Autonomous performance and simulation n Working on the testing & validation of E&HV n Design vehicles, etc. n Technicians / Engineers / Managers / Start-ups. n Experts specialized in Engineers / CAE Engineers / Managers n Teaching Professionals and Engineering Students Validation of Autonomous vehicles. n Teaching Professionals & Engineering Students. Registration fees per person Registration fees per person Pricing Category Pricing Category (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax) (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax) Industry Professionals Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 1,800 = Rs. 11,800 Industry Professionals Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 1,800 = Rs. 11,800 Teaching Faculty Rs. 6,000 + Rs. 1,080 = Rs. 7,080 Teaching Faculty Rs. 6,000 + Rs. 1,080 = Rs. 7,080 Student Rs. 4,000 + Rs. 720 = Rs. 4,720 Student Rs. 4,000 + Rs. 720 = Rs. 4,720 Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, venue etc. for the programme without any notice. venue etc. for the programme without any notice. Contact for More Details & Registration Contact for More Details & Registration Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. N. R. Shimpi / Mr. N. A. Deshmukh Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. N. R. Shimpi / Mr. N. A. Deshmukh Phone: 02135 - 396695 / 91 / 90 Phone: 02135 - 396695 / 91 / 90 E-mail ID: [email protected]; E-mail ID: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 4 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Proficiency Improvement Programme

E x c e l l e n c e i n E d u c a t i o n E x c e l l e n c e i n E d u c a t i o n 1 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on 1 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on Benchmarking- Advances in Plastic Moulding An Engineered Approach SAVE THE DATE th Why wait? 26 November 2019 Learn from Register Industry Why wait? SAVE THE DATE Learn from Soon! Experts! Register Industry ARAI FID-Chakan, Pune Soon! 22nd November 2019 Experts! ARAI FID-Chakan, Pune

Workshop Overview: The Crash and Occupant Safety is one of the major challenges faced in Automotive Industry apart from Durability, Fuel Economy, Weight, Emissions, Acoustics, Personalization, Durability, Environmental, etc. The Crash Performance is insured through series of system, Workshop Overview: New Product Development in automotive domain is steered subsystem and vehicle level tests. In developed countries such as Europe, US by number of simulation driven design programs at vehicle and component level. the guideline for these Crash Testing has been documented in form of series Availability of CAD data is the preliminary requisite in executing such programs for of ECE and FMVSS regulations whereas in developing countries such as India, activities like benchmarking and product performance proving early in the design China the important Crash guidelines for Testing Vehicles are available in form of stage. 3D scanning alongwith Teardown and Benchmarking are engineered tools IS and GB standard. for addressing above needs. With technical advances in scanning technology, This training present unique opportunity to understand theory behind Crash Safety location and product size is not a constraint any more and hence the technology (including Electric Vehicle) followed by Crash Safety Regulation in India – Current has seen widespread acceptance from different fields related to land, sea and & Future, Crash Safety Norms, Pedestrian Safety, NCAP Comparison. Demo air. Objective of this one day workshop is to spread awareness among technical Test will be planned in Passive Safety Lab of ARAI. (HTC-PSL Lab Chakan). ARAI fraternity about engineered way of benchmarking in various stages in product invites you to understand about Crash Safety of Vehicle. development cycle. What’s in it for you? n Polymer Characterization and testing n Simulation techniques for validation n What’s in it for you? Trending Manufacturing practices for plastic and composite n Robust Product n Over View of Benchmarking n Teardown n Live Demo of 3D Scanning n Examples design by upfront Manufacturing feasibility n Material development to support of 3D CAD data generation from Cloud data n Inspection reports generation from light-weighting; R&D focus n Advanced techniques to improve Mould Cooling scan data against CAD data n Overview of material testing facilities at ARAI efficiency & profitability Who Should Attend ? Who Should Attend ? This training is useful for those, who need to have comprehensive understanding This training is useful for those who need to have comprehensive understanding of Benchmarking, Teardown, 3D CAD data generation from Scan data and also of Plastic Design & mfg., Simulation, material testing. Inspection report generation and understanding the inspection reports: n R&D Engineers, Design Engineers, Practicing Engineers, Manufacturing n R&D Engineers, Practicing Engineers, Manufacturing and Production Engineers and Managers, Material Engineers n Working in Process Planning, Managers n Working in Process Planning, Product Engineering, Application Product Engineering, Vendor development, Sourcing of Plastic Injection Engineering, Quality engineering n Teaching Professionals & Engineering moulded parts n Engineering / Consulting Companies n Teaching Professionals Students. & Engineering Students

Registration fees per person Registration fees per person Pricing Category Pricing Category (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax) (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax) Industry Professionals Rs. 5,000 + Rs. 900 = Rs. 5,900 Industry Professionals Rs. 5,000 + Rs. 900 = Rs. 5,900 Teaching Faculty Rs. 3,000 + Rs. 540 = Rs. 3,540 Teaching Faculty Rs. 3,000 + Rs. 540 = Rs. 3,540 Student Rs. 2,000 + Rs. 360= Rs. 2,360 Student Rs. 2,000 + Rs. 360= Rs. 2,360 Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, venue etc. for the programme without any notice. venue etc. for the programme without any notice. Contact for More Details & Registration Contact for More Details & Registration Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. N. R. Shimpi / Mr. N. A. Deshmukh Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. N. R. Shimpi / Mr. N. A. Deshmukh Phone: 02135 - 396695 / 91 / 90 Phone: 02135 - 396695 / 91 / 90 E-mail ID: [email protected]; E-mail ID: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 5 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 PROFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMES (PIPs)

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 6 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS PROFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMES (PIPs) TO BE PLANNED

PROFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMES (PIPs) TO BE PLANNED DURATIO PROPOSED TITLE OF THE COURSE DATE VENUE N IN DAYS PARTNER/S Automotive Engineering To be decided 4 ARAI FID Powertrain Engineering To be decided 4 ARAI FID Foundry Technology To be decided 3 ARAI FID ASM, Pune Battery, BMS & Charging Infrastructure To be decided 2 ARAI FID Automotive NVH To be decided 3 ARAI FID ARAI E-mobility & FAME II requirements To be decided 2 Kothrud Engine Testing & Certification To be decided 3 ARAI FID Basic & Advances in Heat Treatment To be decided 3 ARAI FID ASM, Pune Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) To be decided 3 ARAI FID Engine Design & Development To be decided 4 ARAI FID Engine Emission & Control To be decided 3 ARAI FID DPF & SCR for BS VI To be decided 2 ARAI FID Alternate Energy (Including CNG, Methanol) To be decided 2 ARAI FID Embedded Systems To be decided 2 ARAI FID Engine Electronics & Management Systems To be decided 3 ARAI FID (bPIP) Vehicle EMC To be decided 2 ARAI FID On Board Diagnostics (OBD) To be decided 1 ARAI FID Forging Technology To be decided 3 ARAI FID Reliability Engineering (bPIP) To be decided 2 ARAI FID Geometrical Dimensioning &Tolerancing To be decided 2 ARAI FID (GD&T) Automotive Materials & Characterization To be decided 3 ARAI FID ECU & Diagnostics To be decided 2 ARAI FID Failure Mode & Effect Analysis (FMEA) To be decided 1 ARAI FID Automotive Manufacturing To be decided 2 ARAI FID Corrosion Engineering To be decided 2 ARAI FID ASM, Pune Emission Type Approval including PUC (bPIP) To be decided 2 ARAI FID Real Driving Emission To be decided 1 ARAI FID CHRIST, eMobility To be decided 2 Bengaluru Bengaluru

DOMAIN TRAINING PROGRAMMES (DTPs) Engine Design & Development BSVI Regulations Engine Testing & Certification Design, Validation & Failure Analysis of IC Engine Automotive /Vehicle Testing & Certification DFMEA / DVP&R Automotive Engineering Heat Treatment Fundamentals of Automotive Electricals and Electronics Testing of Seating Systems

Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers, venue, etc. for the programme without any notice. For further information & registration of Training Programmes, please contact Mr. Rajesh Patil, Dy. General Manager, ARAI Academy at +91 2135-630790 /91/ 95 or +91 2135-396690/91/95 or email: [email protected]; [email protected]

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 7 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 ® ONLINE LEARNING COURSES (ePIP) Excellence in Education

Get Trained on the latest Automotive Topics Anywhere, Anytime… Become a Cetifiedr Expert

RELIABILITY Course Content: ePIP Benefits: ENGINEERING • Introduction to Reliability • All online courses are flexible in Engineering (Including Bathtub nature. i.e. 24 x 7 operational Curve, Failure Rate Behavior) • Easy to monitor learner’s activity to • Reliability Statistics and Distributions know their course current status • Life Data Analysis • Hands-on practice in virtual (Using Minitab software) environment •Warranty Data Analysis •Very engaging due to interactive • Reliability Block Diagrams slides which improves learners knowledge absorption and retention • Reliability Testing Methods (ALT, HALT, HASS, ESS, etc.) • Certificate which help learners for their career advancement. • Sample Size in Reliability estingT

ENGINE ELECTRONICS Course Content: ePIP Highlights: & MANAGEMENT • Fundamentals of Automotive • Latest and up-to-date content Electronics • Highly interactive, engaging and SYSTEMS (EEMS) • ECU, Microcontrollers and Memories effective • Sensors and Actuators • Real-life industry examples • Automotive Control Systems • Hands-on practice in virtual • Engine Management System environment • Calibration and Diagnostics • Pre and Post assessments to assess learner’s knowledge. • Standards • Certificate on passing the Final Assessment

EEMS ePIP is jointly prepared by ARAI and Robert Bosch

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY Course Content: • Basic Introduction of Fuel Cells Contact Information: • Structure and Working of Fuel Cells Mr. Rajesh Patil • Classification, Advantages and Applications of Fuel Cells Dy. GM, ARAI Academy • Benefits, Performance and Losses in Fuel Cells The Automotive Research • Thermodynamic Analysis Association of India • PEMFC Design Challenges fo Fuel Cells (ARAI) • Hydrogen Production, Storage & Handling B-16/1, MIDC Chakan, Taluka Khed, Category Reliability Fuel Cell Dist. Pune - 410 501 (INDIA) (Prices excluding tax) Engineering EEMS Technology Contact : Student 2500 7500 1000 02135-396690 / 92 / 95

Faculty 4000 12500 1600 Email : [email protected] Corporate Individual 7000 20000 3000 [email protected], Corporate Perpetual (15 Licenses - 1 year) 50000 150000 20000 [email protected]

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Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 8 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS

ILLUSTRATION AFTER TREATMENT DEVICES 2019 J 01 Following is an example of how to Read the abstract CHARACTERISATION AND MODELLING OF THE REACTIONS IN A THREE-WAY PDRH CATALYST IN THE EXHAUST GAS FROM AN ETHANOL-FUELLED Subject Title AFTER TREATMENT DEVICES SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE

Abstract No. 2019 J 01 Claire McAtee et al Title CHARACTERISATION AND Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, MODELLING OF THE REACTIONS IN A Vol. 233, No. 12, October 2019, p3222-3234 THREE-WAY PDRH CATALYST IN THE https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018821031 EXHAUST GAS FROM AN ETHANOL- FUELLED SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE ABSTRACT: This work investigated and modelled the performance and characteristics of automotive catalytic Author Claire McAtee et al converter formulations when subjected to a synthetic Source Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, exhaust gas mixture representative of that emitted by an Vol.233, No. 12, October 2019, p3222-3234 ethanol-fuelled spark-ignition engine. A synthetic gas reactor https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018821031 and exhaust gas emission analyser were used to assess the catalytic activity, the products distribution and chemical Abstract ABSTRACT: This work investigated mechanisms exhibited by a commercial catalytic converter and modelled the performance and formulation when exposed to ethanol containing gas characteristics of automotive catalytic mixtures. A commercially available after-treatment modelling converter formulations when subjected to a platform named Axisuite was used to simulate the catalyst synthetic exhaust gas mixture representative performance. This software was used to assign the pre- of that emitted by an ethanol-fuelled spark- exponential frequency factor and activation energy variables ignition engine. A synthetic gas reactor and within the rate equations. A set of global kinetic coefficients exhaust gas emission analyser were used for the relevant reactions was established and is reported to assess the catalytic activity, the products (AUTH) distribution and chemical mechanisms KEYWORDS: SI engines exhaust emission control, exhibited by a commercial catalytic converter ethanol, reaction kinetics, catalyst modelling, formulation when exposed to ethanol acetaldehyde emissions containing gas mixtures. A commercially available after-treatment modelling platform ALTERNATE FUELS named Axisuite was used to simulate the catalyst performance. This software was 2019 J 02 used to assign the pre-exponential frequency OPTIMIZATION OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS factor and activation energy variables within IN A BIOGAS–DIESEL DUAL FUEL ENGINE WITH the rate equations. A set of global kinetic CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLE ADDITION coefficients for the relevant reactions was established and is reported (AUTH) M Feroskhan et al Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Keywords By KEYWORDS: SI engines exhaust emission control, ethanol, reaction Vol. 233, No. 5, April 2019, p1178-1193 kinetics, catalyst modelling, acetaldehyde https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018764165 emissions ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on a diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode by introducing biogas in the intake air stream. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in varying concentrations were used as diesel additive. Performance and emission tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of five input parameters, namely, CeO2 concentration, torque, biogas flow rate, methane fraction of biogas, and intake temperature. Taguchi’s method was adopted to reduce the number of experimental trials. Signal-to-noise ratio variations Claims for “Non-Receipt” of issues should be sent within three months of the issue date to [email protected] & [email protected]. were studied and analysis of variance was carried out to

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 9 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS obtain the optimum combination of operating parameters and BRAKE SYSTEMS their contributions towards the performance and emission indices. Results showed that low biogas flow rates ensure 2019 J 04 better thermal and volumetric efficiency and low HC and CO emissions. High biogas flow rates provide significant reduction A PRACTICAL IDENTIFIER DESIGN OF ROAD VARIATIONS FOR ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM in diesel consumption and NOx emissions. Increasing the methane content of biogas lowers diesel consumption and Yue Shi et al emissions of HC and CO. Adding 25 mg/L of CeO2 to diesel Vehicle System Dynamics, improves brake thermal efficiency and lowers all emissions. Vol. 57, No. 3, 2019, Pages 336-368 While manifold heating improves brake thermal efficiency, https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2018.1467018 low intake temperature is preferred from the standpoint of volumetric efficiency and emissions (AUTH) ABSTRACT: Emergency brake technologies have always been a major interest of vehicle active safety-related studies. KEYWORDS: Biogas, cerium oxide, intake temperature, On homogeneous surfaces, traditional anti-lock brake methane fraction, Taguchi, ANOVA system (ABS) can achieve efficient braking performance and AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES maintain the handling capability as well. However, when road conditions are time variant during the braking process, or 2019 J 03 different at the bilateral wheels, braking stability performance is likely to be degraded. To address this problem and enhance AN OPTIMAL HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK OF ABS performances, a practical identifier of road variations THE TRAJECTORY FOLLOWING BY CONVEX is developed in this study. The proposed identifier adopts a OPTIMISATION FOR HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING statechart-based approach and is hierarchically constructed VEHICLES with a wheel layer and a full vehicle layer identifier. Based on Haotian Cao et al the identification results, modifications are made to a four- phase wheel-behaviour-based ABS controller to enhance its Vehicle System Dynamics, performance. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed Vol. 57, No. 9, 2019, p1287-1317 identifier in collaborating with the modified ABS controller are https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2018.1497185 examined via simulations and further validated by track tests under various practical braking scenarios (AUTH) ABSTRACT: This paper presents a hierarchical trajectory following framework for SAE-level 2/3 automatic driving by KEYWORDS: ABS control, road identification, hybrid automata, preview control, experimental validation convex optimisation, which aims for daily common driving manoeuvres with low traffics on the highway, such as free 2019 J 05 driving, adaptively following and overtaking. More specifically, it includes several combined functionalities of lane keeping, COLLABORATIVE CONTROL OF A DUAL ELECTRO- adaptive following, active obstacle avoidance and speed HYDRAULIC REGENERATIVE BRAKE SYSTEM FOR A adaptation. The trajectory-planning module would generate REAR-WHEEL-DRIVE ELECTRIC VEHICLE the optimal path and speed profiles for the structure road Jonathan Nadeau et al (e.g. highway) with different geometric shapes, by using the natural cubic spline and convex optimisation approach. While Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, modules of trajectory following or adaptive following are Vol. 233, No. 4, March 2019, p1035-1046 realised by a linearised time-varying model predictive control https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018754678 method. It is expected that the proposed framework could Within the field of electric vehicles, the improve the driving safety, as well as the driving efficiency and ABSTRACT: cooperative control of a dual electro-hydraulic regenerative driving comforts simultaneously. Thus, typical scenarios are brake system using the foot brake pedal as the sole input designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory of driver brake requests is a challenging control problem, following framework. Simulation results demonstrate that it especially when the electro-hydraulic brake system could successfully deal with daily manoeuvres on a straight or features on/off solenoid valves which are widely used in the curved highway without human driver’s interventions (AUTH) automotive industry. This type of hydraulic actuator is hard KEYWORDS: Trajectory planning, convex optimisation, to use to perform a fine brake pressure regulation. Thus, this paper focuses on the implementation of a novel controller linearised MPC, nonlinear vehicle dynamics, automated design for a dual electro-hydraulic regenerative brake system driving featuring on/off solenoid valves which track an “ideal” brake

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 10 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS force distribution. As an improvement to a standard brake COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS force distribution, it can provide the reach of the maximum braking adherence and can improve the energy recovery of a 2019 J 07 rear-wheel-drive electric vehicle. This improvement in energy recovery is possible with the complete substitution of the rear VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION METHOD hydraulic brake force with a regenerative brake force until BASED ON DEEP CONVOLUTION NETWORK IN the reach of the electric powertrain constraints. It is done by COMPLEX ROAD SCENE performing a proper brake pressure fine regulation through Ze Liu et al the proposed variable structure control of the on/off solenoid valves provided by the hydraulic platform of the vehicle Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, stability system. Through road tests, the tracking feasibility Vol. 233, No. 9, August 2019, p2284-2292 of the proposed brake force distribution with the mechatronic https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407019851339 system developed is validated (AUTH) ABSTRACTS: The license plate robust recognition algorithm KEYWORDS: Automotive systems, vehicle braking in complex road scene has both theoretical and practical systems, vehicle control systems, electric vehicles, values. The existing license plate recognition algorithm can hydraulic brake pressure control, brake distribution, achieve better recognition results under ideal road scenes mechatronic, regenerative brake such as moderate light intensity, good shooting angle, and clear license plate target, but in complex road scenes such COMBUSTION as fast speed, blurred aging of license plates, and low illumination such as rainy days, the effectiveness of the 2019 J 06 license plate recognition algorithm still needs to be improved. INFLUENCE OF INJECTION STRATEGIES ON Based on the realistic requirements of license plate KNOCK RESISTANCE AND COMBUSTION recognition algorithm and in-depth analysis of the principle of CHARACTERISTICS IN A DISI ENGINE deep convolution network, we designed a deep convolution network for Chinese characters, letters, and numbers in the Haiqiao Wei et al license plate to automatically learn the essential features Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, of the image to make up for the limitation of the artificial Vol. 233, No. 10, September 2019, p2637-2649 feature recognition of the traditional license plate recognition https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018804118 algorithm. At the same time, according to the convolution kernel, downsampling, and nonlinear operation of the deep ABSTRACTS: The combustion of a direct injection spark convolution network, the nonlinear abstraction ability of the ignition engine is significantly affected by the fuel injection license plate character feature is improved. The experimental strategy due to the impact this strategy has on the gas-mixture results show that the proposed method can quickly and formation and the turbulence flow. However, comprehensive accurately identify the license plate character in complex assessments on both knock and engine performances for road scenes. The recognition accuracy is better than the different injection strategies are generally lacking. Therefore, existing license plate recognition algorithm, which improves the main objective of the present study is to provide an the accuracy of license plate recognition and achieves an experimental evidence of how a single injection strategy ideal license plate recognition effect (AUTH) and a split injection strategy compare in terms of both knock KEYWORDS: Digital image processing, deep tendency and engine performances like thermal efficiency, convolutional network, license plate recognition torque and combustion stability. Starting from the optimization algorithm, character recognition of a single injection strategy, a split injection strategy is then evaluated. Under the present operating conditions, an CONTROL SYSTEMS optimum secondary injection timing of 100 CAD BTDC is found to have significant improvements on both the knock 2019 J 08 resistance and the overall engine performances. It should be noted that the present results indicate that the relationship ROBUST GAIN-SCHEDULING AUTOMATIC STEERING between double injection and anti-knock performance is not CONTROL OF UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES monotonous. In addition, the double injection shows superior UNDER VELOCITY-VARYING MOTION potential in improving fuel economy and power performance Jinghua Guo et al in contrast with the single injection thanks to a more stable Vehicle System Dynamics, combustion when a late injection timing is applied (AUTH) Vol. 57, No. 3, 2019, Pages 595-616 KEYWORDS: Double injection, knock, engine https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2018.1475677 performance, torque, injection timing

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 11 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS

ABSTRACT: Owing to the fact that unmanned ground KEYWORDS: Shared steering control, driving intention, vehicles have the features of time-varying, parametric risk assessment, cooperative coefficient, obstacle uncertainties and external disturbances, this paper mainly avoidance studies robust automatic steering control of unmanned ground vehicles. Firstly, a linear parameter varying lateral COOLING SYSTEM model for unmanned ground vehicle is constructed, in which 2019 J 10 the longitudinal velocity is represented by a polytope with finite vertices. Secondly, a robust gain scheduling automatic WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM ENGINE COOLANT steering control scheme based on the linear matrix inequality ON MILD HYBRID VEHICLE USING ORGANIC technique is proposed to deal with the characteristics of time- RANKINE CYCLE varying and external disturbances. Finally, Simulation results Charbel Mansour et al based on Adams–Matlab joint platform using a nonlinear full vehicle model have demonstrated that the proposed control Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, approach can simultaneously ensure the control accuracy Vol. 233, No. 10, September 2019, p2502-2517 and strong robustness of system (AUTH) https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018797819

KEYWORDS: Unmanned ground vehicles, automatic ABSTRACTS: Considerable efforts have been invested in steering control, robust gain-scheduling control, time- the automotive industry on electrified powertrains in order varying; lateral motion to reduce passenger cars’ dependence on fossil fuels. Powertrains electrification resulted in a wide range of mass- 2019 J 09 production hybrid vehicle models, ranging from micro-hybrid, SHARED STEERING CONTROL COMBINED WITH to mild, full, and battery-extended hybrids such as plug-in DRIVING INTENTION FOR VEHICLE OBSTACLE and range-extender electric vehicles. Fuel savings of these AVOIDANCE powertrains strongly rely on the energy management strategy deployed on-board, as well as on the technology used to Mingjun Li et al recover the waste heat energy. This paper investigates Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, the fuel savings potential of a mild hybrid vehicle using Vol. 233, No. 11, September 2019, p2791-2808 an organic Rankine cycle for generating electricity from https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018806147 the engine-coolant circuit. The net mechanical power and electrical power generated from the organic Rankine cycle ABSTRACTS: This paper presents a framework of shared are determined based on experimental data recorded on steering control for vehicle obstacle avoidance, which a 1.2-L turbocharged engine. The coolant temperature is is combined with the driver’s driving intention and risk regulated at 85°C and 105°C depending on the engine load. assessment. The driving intention is recognized by a support The R-1234yf organic fluid is used and the Rankine operating vector machine model through the steering wheel angle, pressure has been controlled to maximize the overall system the relative lateral offset, and lateral velocity to the road efficiency under technological constraints. The dynamic center line. The elastic band theory is adopted to plan the programming control is used as a global optimal energy obstacle avoidance path, which takes the driving intention management strategy in order to define the best strategy for and environment information into consideration. A linear the engine operation and power-split between the electric model predictive control algorithm based on a bicycle vehicle and thermal paths of the powertrain. A sensitivity analysis is model is used to realize path following. The risk assessment also performed to find the optimal size of the electric motor of current traffic situation is calculated by time to collision and while taking into account the additional weight of the organic the time required from the starting position of lane changing Rankine cycle system. Results show 2.4% of fuel economy to the obstacle to collide. The shared steering control strategy improvement on The Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles is designed by the risk assessment and driving intention, Test Cycles (AUTH) simultaneously, so that the cooperative coefficient and the driving mode would be determined. In order to validate the KEYWORDS: Mild hybrid, organic Rankine cycle, waste framework proposed in this paper, the shared steering control heat recovery, engine-coolant, dynamic programming system is tested on four obstacle avoidance scenarios, including the static and moving obstacles on a straight road and a curvy road. The results show that the shared steering control system could help the human driver avoid obstacles safely. Besides, both the path and steering wheel angle curve of the shared steering control system are smooth, and the vehicle stability performance also maintains well through a suitable shared strategy (AUTH)

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 12 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS

ELECTRIC VEHICLES ABSTRACTS: Reducing the compression ratio in a diesel engine will result in lower NOx and soot emissions but will 2019 J 11 lead to problem of starting and combustion instability at cold conditions. In this work, a novel method for improving cold A HIERARCHICAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY starting ability has been conceptualized and verified through OPTIMIZATION CONTROL STRATEGY FOR simulations and experiments. In this method, the temperature DISTRIBUTED DRIVE ELECTRIC VEHICLES of the charge is enhanced by ejecting the hot air into the Min Hua et al intake manifold at the end of compression stroke. Due to the irreversibility associated with this process, the temperature of Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, the air in the intake manifold increases and this air is again Vol. 233, No. 3, February, 2019, p605-621 inducted into the cylinder and compressed to further augment https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017751788 the temperature. This cycle is repeated till the temperature at the end of compression is sufficient to autoignite the injected ABSTRACT: Distributed drive electric vehicle with four in- fuel to aid first firing. This methodology was demonstrated on a wheel motors is widespread with various characteristics, single cylinder common rail diesel engine with a compression such as performance potentials for independent wheel ratio of 14:1, which indicated that the temperature in the drive control and energy efficiency. However, in future, one intake manifold progressively increased by up to 75 K within of the biggest obstacles for its success in the automotive 10 crank shaft rotations during cranking. In subsequent industry would be its limited energy storage. This paper experiments with the proposed system, ignition occurred right proposes a hierarchical control method that involves a from the second rotation, whereas there is no combustion high-level motion controller that uses sliding mode control occurred in the conventional engine at ambient conditions to calculate the total desired force and yaw moment and a (28°C). However, at cold condition (10°C), partial combustion low-level allocation controller in which an optimal energy- was initiated only after 15 recompression rotations and does efficient control allocation scheme is presented to provide not produce any positive work output. To mitigate this, the optimally distributed torques of four in-wheel motors in all the injection schedule was further modified such that the partially normal cases. A practicable motor energy efficiency model burned products were retained in the cylinder without opening as a motor actuator is proposed by incorporating the electric the valves and recompressed which autoignited the residual motor efficiency map based on measured data into the motor fuel during the subsequent compression stroke. At the end efficiency experiment and a current closed-loop motor model. of this compression stroke, the in-cylinder temperature and Moreover, both tracking performance and energy-saving are pressure were high enough and hence the fuel was again carried out in this research and evaluated via a co-simulation injected which resulted in sustained combustion and produced approach using MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. A ramp an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar that maneuver at a constant speed and New European Driving could result in starting even at cold conditions (10°C). Cycle and Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule maneuvers Hence, it was demonstrated that the proposed methodology have been conducted. To conclude, it is demonstrated that with modified valve timing and injection scheduling has the distributed drive electric vehicle with four in-wheel motors potential to start the engine at low temperatures particularly can reduce total power consumption and enhance tracking with low compression ratios (AUTH) performance compared with a simple control allocation in which the torques are the fixed ratio distribution (AUTH) KEYWORDS: Low compression ratio diesel engine, cold KEYWORDS: Distributed drive electric vehicle, in-wheel starting ability, charge recompression, cold starting aids motor, sliding mode control, optimal energy efficiency control, motor efficiency map 2019 J 13 ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINE FREE-PISTON ENGINES 2019 J 12 Lei Wang et al A NOVEL METHOD TO IMPROVE THE COLD Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, STARTING ABILITY OF A LOW COMPRESSION RATIO Vol. 233, No. 12, October 2019, p3074-3087 DIESEL ENGINE THROUGH RECOMPRESSION OF https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018816543 THE CHARGE M Vivegananth et al ABSTRACT: A hydraulic free-piston engine is an unconventional reciprocating piston internal combustion Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, engine in which the piston assembly motion is determined Vol. 233, No. 7, June, 2019, p1735-1749 by in-cylinder gas pressure and load force. Fuel combustion https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018785009 energy is directly converted into hydraulic energy. These

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 13 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS affect the work process of cylinder and efficiency of energy KEYWORDS: Swirl ratio, compression stroke, diesel conversion. In order to study the energy utilization efficiency engines, prediction, in-piston-bowl and to explore the recovery potential of waste heat energy of hydraulic free-piston engine, in this paper, the energy FAILURE ANALYSIS distribution and waste heat energy characteristics of hydraulic free-piston engine have been studied by combining energy 2019 J 15 and exergy analysis. The thermal efficiency was analyzed A MIXED MODEL TO EVALUATE RANDOM by the first law of thermodynamics, and exergy balance was HARDWARE FAILURES OF WHOLE-REDUNDANCY analyzed by the second law. The effect of the characteristic SYSTEM IN ISO 26262 BASED ON FAULT TREE parameters on the thermal and exergy efficiency was studied ANALYSIS AND MARKOV CHAIN through the simulation analysis comparing the energy utilization of hydraulic free-piston engine and conventional Tong Wang et al engines. The results show that control of the injection timing Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, parameter is effective for optimizing efficiency because the Vol. 233, No. 4, March 2019, p890-904 cycle characteristic parameters can be controlled by changing https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018755613 the injection timing. The experimental results show that the thermal efficiency is 40.8% and the exergy efficiency is ABSTRACT: In order to ensure safety and reliability, some 46.3%. The simulation result show that the thermal efficiency safety-related electrical and electronic (E/E) systems in of hydraulic free-piston engine is 38.0% and the conventional vehicles need to be designed as a whole-redundancy system. diesel engine is 33.0% (AUTH) Although ISO 26262 provides guidance for the analysis KEYWORDS: Hydraulic free-piston engine, energy of random hardware failure, the problem of estimating balance, exergy analysis, waste heat energy whether the safety-related E/E systems, especially whole- redundancy system can meet the index of the ASIL level in 2019 J 14 ISO 26262 is still unsolved. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is one of the basic methods to analyze random hardware failure of PREDICTION OF THE IN-PISTON-BOWL SWIRL RATIO a vehicle’s E/E systems quantitatively. In generic FTA, the OF DIESEL ENGINES quantitative analysis of dynamic logic gates, which usually Yanzhe Sun et al exist in the fault tree of whole-redundancy system, cannot be calculated. Meanwhile, Markov chain can solve the problem Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, of quantitative calculation of dynamic fault tree, but brings Vol. 233, No. 10, September 2019, p2381-2389 a side-effect of complicating the calculation of static logic https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018781616 gates in fault trees. In order to evaluate random hardware failure of a vehicle E/E system more concisely and effectively, ABSTRACTS: Steady flow tests are widely used to evaluate and to estimate if a new safety-related E/E system’s random the performance of intake ports in generating swirl flow in hardware failure rate can meet the index demand in ISO diesel engines. Such test data, however, may deviate largely 26262, this study proposed a mixed model based on FTA and from the real in-piston-bowl swirl ratio due to the complex Markov chain. First, the definition of random hardware failure unsteady air motion in the compression stroke. In this study, and fault classification were clarified. Then, a mixed model a new method is proposed to predict the unsteady in-piston- based on FTA and Markov chain was proposed. Finally, a bowl swirl ratio of diesel engines from steady flow test data by whole-dual-redundancy steer by wire system was used as an focusing on three key steps, including the swirl field at intake example to test the validity of the mixed model. This study not valve close timing, swirl enhancement due to squish flow, only proposed a new mixed model based on FTA and Markov and swirl decay during the compression stroke. Experimental chain for the calculation of a whole-redundancy system’s results on an optically accessible diesel engine under random hardware failure rate, but also provided a new non-firing conditions show that, at intake valve close, the quantitative validation method for safety-related E/E systems relationship between the swirl ratio and the vertical location in vehicles that need to meet the reliability index requirement was approximately linear and the mean swirl ratio could be in ISO 26262 (AUTH) fitted by a Bessel function; the correlation between the swirl decay coefficient and surface-to-volume ratio was built by KEYWORDS: FTA, ISO 26262, Markov chain, random fitting the experiment data. Furthermore, the in-piston-bowl hardware failure, whole-redundancy swirl ratio during the compression stroke could then be derived according to the conservation of angular momentum (AUTH)

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 14 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS which are later input to the subsequent numerical acoustic model, by varying the compression ratios at different door 2019 J 16 locations under quantified nonlinear metal–seal interaction boundary conditions. A numerical prediction model of the DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF AN AUTOMOBILE sound transmission loss is constructed considering the TORQUE ARM USING GLOBAL AND SUCCESSIVE deformed seal geometry using a double-wall-panel sound SURROGATE MODELING APPROACHES transmission model. Finite-element analysis and an infinite- Erdem Acar et al element method are combined. Sound transmission loss experiments are conducted by varying the compression ratios Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, of the seal. Experimental results are in good agreement with Vol. 233, No. 6, May, 2019, p1453-1465 the numerical analysis. Furthermore, the sound transmission https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018772739 loss of the incident sound source with respect to a wide range of frequencies is numerically predicted for different The design of lightweight automotive structures ABSTRACT: compression magnitudes and directions using the verified has become a prevalent practice in the automotive industry. methodology. This shows that the presented model and This study focuses on design optimization of an automobile numerical methodology is valuable for optimizing the sound torque arm subjected to cyclic loading. Starting from an transmission loss performance of automotive door seals available initial design, the shape of the torque arm is (AUTH) optimized for minimum weight such that the fatigue life of the torque arm does not fall below that of the initial design KEYWORDS: Sound transmission loss model and and the maximum von Mises stress developed in the torque prediction, non-uniform compression, automotive door arm does not exceed that of the initial design. The stresses seal, combined finite-element analysis–infinite-element are computed using ANSYS finite element software, and the method fatigue life is calculated using the Smith–Watson–Topper model. Surrogate-based optimization approach is used to FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS reduce the computational cost. Optimization results based 2019 J 18 on global surrogate modeling and successive surrogate modeling approaches are compared. It is found that the INTELLIGENT AIR/FUEL RATIO CONTROL STRATEGY successive surrogate modeling approach results in 28.7% WITH A PI-LIKE FUZZY KNOWLEDGE–BASED weight reduction for the torque arm, whereas the global CONTROLLER FOR GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION surrogate modeling approach results in 25.7% weight saving ENGINES for the torque arm (AUTH) Ziyang Li et al KEYWORDS: Fatigue, finite element analysis, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, optimization, surrogate model, global surrogate Vol. 233, No. 8, July 2019, p2161-2173 modeling, successive surrogate modeling https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018779180

2019 J 17 ABSTRACTS: This paper proposes a new concept of PI- SOUND TRANSMISSION MODELING AND like fuzzy knowledge–based controller with self-tuning NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMOTIVE SEAL capability, high robustness and rapid development capability CONSIDERING NON-UNIFORM COMPRESSION to regulate air/fuel ratio for gasoline direct injection engines. The proportional and integral terms of the PI-like fuzzy W-F Zhu et al knowledge–based controller are nonlinear functions of the Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, input signals and self-tuned in real time at operation points, Vol. 233, No. 3, February, 2019, p471-483 which can reduce the effort spent on calibrating controller https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017745982 parameters. The PI-like fuzzy knowledge–based controller is implemented on a production gasoline direct injection engine ABSTRACT: Automotive metal door panels and nonmetallic and evaluated through case studies. The experimental seals have complicated nonlinear interactions in their narrow results show that the proposed controller can regulate air/ mating sections, leading to non-uniform compression and fuel ratio at stoichiometric value with less settling time and complicating the sound transmission mechanism. Therefore, less oscillation compared with the conventional Proportional- a new sound transmission modeling methodology and Integral (PI) controller for transient operation (AUTH) numerical analysis is developed for a refined sealing system KEYWORDS: Gasoline direct injection engine, fuzzy by considering the geometrical boundaries and the non- control, air/fuel ratio, nonlinear control, self-tuning uniform compression load. Nonlinear analysis is performed control to obtain the geometrical parameters of the deformed seal,

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 15 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS

boundary friction is that of Greenwood and Tripp. The model GEARS requires the pressure coefficient of boundary shear strength 2019 J 19 of asperities from the softer of the contacting surfaces as an input. This parameter needs to be measured. The paper LIGHTWEIGHT DESIGN OF GEARS IN THE WHEEL- describes the process of measurement using an Atomic Force SIDE REDUCER BASED ON SHANGHAI ROAD Microscope (AFM), both for a dry surface and that wetted DRIVING CYCLE by the presence of a lubricant layer. For realistic results, the Xin Ning et al investigated specimen is a used, tested engine cylinder liner where boundary active lubricant additives are bonded to its Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, surface as well as combustion products. This approach is Vol. 233, No. 6, May, 2019, p1586-1600 as opposed to the previously reported works using new flat https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018768176 surfaces with base oil or partially formulated lubricants and has not been previously reported in the literature. The results ABSTRACT: The development of wheel-side reducer with show that for used cylinder liners, the measured boundary proper durability is important for electric vehicles equipped shear strength of asperities varies according to location along with a wheel-side reducer system. Based on the Shanghai the stroke. Results are reported for the top dead centre, mid- road driving cycle, a novel conversion method is proposed stroke and bottom dead centre locations. The measurements from vehicle speed to load, which provides a theoretical are subsequently used with two-dimensional Reynolds foundation for lightweight design and a durability analysis of solution for a top compression ring-liner contact, where it is the key components of the wheel-side reducer system. With found that accurate localised predictions of generated friction the gears of the wheel-side reducer as an example, an electric and power loss can be made instead of the usual average drive system durability test specification is also developed value approach reported in the literature (AUTH) on the basis of the Miner linear cumulative damage theory considering the material strengthening under low-amplitude KEYWORDS: Boundary friction, atomic force microscope, loads. The durability test shows that the second round of the lubricant-surface combination, cylinder liner, piston ring prototype design no longer has an infinite life compared with lubrication the first round of the prototype design. The method based on active load spectrum is more effective than the traditional MATERIALS & MANUFACTURING design method (AUTH) 2019 J 21 KEYWORDS: Wheel-side reducer, gear, lightweight DAMAGE AND RESIDUAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH design, low-amplitude load strengthening, load OF MULTI-LAYER COMPOSITE LAMINATES AFTER conversion LOW VELOCITY IMPACT LUBRICATING SYSTEMS Chen Fangyu et al International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2019 J 20 Vol. 24, No. 2, 2019, Pages 235-241 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPIC MEASUREMENT https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2018.1478925 OF A USED CYLINDER LINER FOR PREDICTION OF BOUNDARY FRICTION ABSTRACT: In this article, an integrated analytical model is built to predict the damage and compressive strength of Stephen Richard Bewsher et al multi-layer composite laminates after low velocity impact Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, (CAI). First, the low velocity impact process and the impact Vol. 233, No. 7, June, 2019, p1879-1889 damage are simulated. Then, the state of damage is taken as https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018792143 the input for analysing the residual compressive strength. In order to validate these analytical studies, three kinds of multi- ABSTRACTS: Accurate simulation performs a crucial role layer composite laminates mixed-formed by uni-directional in the design and development of new modern internal layer HS160SF and woven layer HS220DF are tested good combustion engines. In the case of piston rings, simulations agreements between simulative and experimental results are are used to effectively predict generated friction and power obtained (AUTH) loss of proposed designs. These are consequences of viscous shear of a thin lubricant film, likewise boundary friction caused KEYWORDS: Composite laminates, low velocity impact, by direct interaction of piston rings with the cylinder liner/bore damage, residual compressive strength surface. The most commonly used model for determining

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 16 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS

information can be used to study the evolution of ergodic NOISE VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS properties. A comparison of the LLLEs of the ray systems in 2019 J 22 the two spaces showed that the Sinai geometry produced a diffusive characteristic, whereas the slope geometry produced COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT CABIN NOISE REDUCTION flutter echo. By applying the method to building acoustics, the BASED ON SEA AND TRANSFER-MATRIX METHOD acoustic fields in different rooms were described. A diffuse Hu, Ying et al acoustic performance was indicated by the uniformity of the sound pressure level (SPL) by simulations and experiment. Noise Control Engineering Journal, The results show that LLLEs have potential for use in acoustic Volume 66, Number 4, 1 July 2018, pp. 362-374(13) performance description (AUTH) https://doi.org/10.3397/1/376631 2019 J 24 ABSTRACT: A computational acoustic model has been prepared to estimate the cabin noise of a commercial aircraft LIMITATIONS AND APPLICABILITY OF A NEW with a tail suspension engine based on SEA method. The main SMALL-SCALE MEASURING SETUP FOR SOUND noise sources such as engine and TBL have been calculated INSULATION CHARACTERIZATION and the primary transfer path of the aircraft fuselage has Ramšak, M. and Nikonov, A. been analyzed. After that, a transfermatrix method is applied Noise Control Engineering Journal, to calculate the transmission loss of the panel structures, and Volume 67, Number 4, 1 July 2019, pp. 295-306(12) to evaluate effectively and rapidly the acoustic insulation of https://doi.org/10.3397/1/376726 the multilayer structure combined by the skin panel, blankets and trim panel. The results display that the sound level in the The development of soundproofing materials rear of the aircraft exceeds the passenger cabin acoustical ABSTRACT: with exceptional acoustic properties has been of great comfortable requirement. A series of noise treatments should interest in recent years. The acoustic characterization of such be considered to the panels which are the main transfer materials using full-scale reverberation chambers requires path of external noise into the cabin. Meanwhile, an optimal the preparation of relatively large-sized specimens, fulfilling approach should be applied to the aircraft and validated by the requirements of the ISO 10140 standards; this is a costly flight test. The results show that (1) the ceiling panel of cockpit and time-demanding process. Recently, various methods is the main transfer path of TBL excitation into the cabin, while based on the utilization of small-sized specimens have been the window side panel and trim panel located at the rear of developed by numerous researchers, so that the acoustic the fuselage are the main transfer path of the engine noise performance of a large selection of materials can be more into the cabin; (2) the sound insulation performance of the rapidly assessed in the laboratory. However, such attempts side wall panel would be improved by increasing the density to experimentally characterize soundproofing materials have and thickness of the blanket and adding the damping layers specific limitations with regard to the validity of the measured on it; and (3) the cabin noise level would be reduced about sound reduction index. The article addresses the use of a 3 dB when the optimal panel configuration is applied to the small-scale measuring setup which can be used to study aircraft with the penalty of adding weight about 45 kg (AUTH) the sound insulation characteristics of a variety of materials, taking into account the limitations and applicability of the 2019 J 23 setup. The experimental analysis was performed on three FORECASTING FLUTTER ECHO: THE ROLE OF materials that are widely used in building and civil engineering LARGEST LOCAL LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS applications but have completely different internal structures and mechanical properties. It is shown that the use of the Lu, Yigang and Song, Hengling proposed small-scale measuring setup is more appropriate Noise Control Engineering Journal, for materials with lower structural stiffnesses and with higher Volume 67, Number 1, 1 January 2019, pp. 56-68(13) critical frequencies, as well as for porous materials with open https://doi.org/10.3397/1/37676 pores (AUTH)

ABSTRACT: In this article, we theoretically established a 2019 J 25 method of mapping ray movement in three-dimensional (3D) PROPOSAL OF A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR THE enclosures and used a ray-tracing algorithm to describe PREDICTION OF IMPACT SOUND INSULATION the paths along which a ray propagates in a space with a BETWEEN ROOMS, FROM BELOW TO ABOVE slope or Sinai geometry. Time series points extracted from Mateus, Diogo et al the paths were used to calculate the largest local Lyapunov exponents (LLLEs). We investigated the LLLE distributions Noise Control Engineering Journal, for ray systems in the two spaces. The distributions contained Vol. 66, No. 3, May 2018, pp. 276-286(11) considerable information on ray system dynamics; this https://doi.org/10.3397/1/376623

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 17 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS

The impact sound transmission provided by ABSTRACT: important guiding role for quantitative acoustics design of floors is a complex phenomenon that usually includes direct metro trains (AUTH) transmission and flanking transmissions. There are, however, situations where impact sound propagates between spaces 2019 J 27 only by flanking paths, such as those when noise is generated in lower rooms and annoyance is perceived in overlying THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL-ACOUSTIC rooms. This type of transmission can be relevant, for example, COUPLING ON THE SOUND FIELD IN A in buildings where the commercial space (emitting space) is TRAPEZOIDAL ENCLOSURE located on the lower floor and the dwelling (receiving space) Wang, Yuan et al is positioned on the upper floor, a typology that is common in countries such as Portugal. In these cases, the quantification Noise Control Engineering Journal, of impact sound insulation between rooms is not an easy Volume 67, Number 3, 1 May 2019, pp. 180-189(10) task. For its accurate prediction, numerical modeling can https://doi.org/10.3397/1/376716 be employed, using the finite element method, boundary element method or statistical energy analysis (SEA). In the ABSTRACT: The sound field characteristics in a trapezoidal design phase, simple approaches to tackle the problem are enclosure surrounded by a flexible wall, which is adjacent to usually preferred, such as those described in standard EN the tilted one, are investigated and compared with the case of 12354-2. Nevertheless, the described situation is not under a rectangular enclosure. The acoustic modes of trapezoidal the scope of this standard and no other simple alternatives enclosure are obtained by the coupling of the modes of are yet available. In the present study, the authors propose rectangular enclosure that bounds it. The coupling system a simplified methodology to approach the problem, where model is then built between trapezoidal enclosure modes and empirical formulas are developed, for prediction of flanking flexible wall modes using modal coupling theory. Based on sound transmission on heavy weighted building structures. the coupled system model, the effect of flexible wall modal From a large number of experiments and taking into account density on the resonance frequencies and the decay times similar parameters to those defined in the methodologies of coupled system are analyzed. Compared with the case prescribed in the standard EN 12354-2, a genetic algorithm of rectangular enclosure, the variation of the resonance is used to find out the optimal values that are used to build frequency and the decay time of enclosure-controlled system the simplified expressions (AUTH) mode is determined by its mode indices and tilted wall location when the panel modal density is changed. When the 2019 J 26 modal indices of trapezoidal sound field in the two directions unparallel to the tilted wall are equal to zero simultaneously, RAPID ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR the effect of inclination angle on the resonance frequencies ACOUSTIC DESIGN OF METRO TRAINS and decay times of these coupled system modes can be Liu, Xiaobo et al neglected. Otherwise, the coupling system modes behaviors are changed with the elevation angle. In addition, the coupling Noise Control Engineering Journal, selection between the modes of trapezoidal enclosure and Vol. 66, No. 3, May 2018, pp. 190-200(11) flexible wall is discussed in detail (AUTH) https://doi.org/10.3397/1/376616 SAFETY ABSTRACT: The low noise design must be embedded in 2019 J 28 every design phase of the train vehicles. The vehicle noise calculation models are established by taking full account of DEVELOPMENT OF A PREDICTIVE SAFETY vehicle geometrical dimensions, measuring point location, CONTROL ALGORITHM USING LASER SCANNERS noise sources, sound insulation and sound absorption. FOR EXCAVATORS ON CONSTRUCTION SITES These models can (1) complete quantitative assessment of acoustic structures and noise sources of the vehicles to Kwangseok Oh et al achieve the top-down quantitative control of acoustic index; Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, (2) calculate interior noise and exterior noise under static Vol. 233, No. 8, July 2019, p2007-2029 conditions, running conditions, as well as tunnel environment https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018764046 conditions; (3) calculate and analyze noise limit values of main noise sources when the sound insulation of walls have ABSTRACTS: This paper presents a laser scanner–based been given, such as floor, side wall and gangway; and (4) predictive safety system for excavators. Blind spots on calculate and analyze sound insulation limit values when the excavators and operators’ carelessness cause majority of sound power of main noise sources have been given. The fatal accidents, such as those in which deaths occur due to average differences between the A-weighted measured and collisions with objects on a construction site. A proper safety predicted levels are less than 2 dB. The models show a very system can enhance the safety of construction vehicles on

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 18 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS construction sites. In this study, a safety control algorithm which complied with the CPS method. The results further for collision avoidance was developed utilizing kinematics indicate that the limited strength of standard vehicle cargo and a dynamic model based on the working area and object hooks and limited strength and stiffness of vehicle seatbacks behavior predictions. The object behaviors were predicted may both affect the frontal crash response of crates initially by considering human pace states since excavators often positioned away from the seatback and therefore must be operate in tandem with workers. Combining the data collected accounted for (AUTH) from static obstacles and moving objects, the researchers identified a safe working space. In the case of moving objects, KEYWORDS: Dog, pet, crate, vehicle, crash safety the researchers predicted the probabilistic reachable area of workers via hypothesis testing and state estimation utilizing 2019 J 30 the estimated position and velocity information obtained FALLS RESULTING IN MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN by a laser scanner. Hypothesis testing was conducted to INJURY AND FOCAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A identify worker pace states, such as standing still, walking, BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS jogging, and running, using estimated velocity. The working area was predicted via working part kinematic analysis of an Andrew Post et al excavator. Safety indices, such as time to collision (TTC) and International Journal of Crashworthiness, warning index (x), were employed to define the safety level Vol. 23, No. 3, 2018, Pages: 278-289 of an excavator in operation in the TTC–x domain. The safety https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2017.1316048 level consists of safe, warning, and emergency braking levels. Furthermore, the researchers developed a control ABSTRACT: This research focuses on describing the algorithm to avoid collision of the excavator with static and differences between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and moving objects. Tests of the developed reachable area of a focal traumatic brain injury (fTBI). The purpose of this research worker were conducted utilizing laser scanners. In addition, was to compare clinical mTBI and fTBI groups who incurred a simulation-based performance evaluation of the developed brain injury from falls to hard surfaces to identify clinical and safety control algorithm was conducted with test results biomechanical factors that may delineate between these employing the excavator swing dynamic model (AUTH) two outcomes. Reconstructions of mTBI (n = 11) and fTBI (n = 20) cases that resulted from falls presented themselves KEYWORDS: Predictive safety system, alarm, emergency at the hospital were conducted using computational and braking, time to collision, warning index (x), laser physical models. The cases were compared using peak scanner, working level and component dynamic response, brain injury criterion

(BrIC), Gadd severity index and head injury criterion. Peak 2019 J 29 resultant rotational acceleration had the best percentage DOGS IN PASSENGER VEHICLES – CRASH SAFETY correct classification with 50% risk of severe TBI was found EVALUATION OF TRAVEL CRATES to be 21 krad/s2. The BrIC and component acceleration and rotational velocity of impact were also found to have B. Johan Ivarsson and Johan Davidsson significant predictions of risk between the two groups. This International Journal of Crashworthiness, data provides information to improve risk thresholds for fTBI Vol. 23, No. 3, 2018, Pages: 266-277 with application to helmet standards/development (AUTH) https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2017.1316007 KEYWORDS: Mild traumatic brain injury, traumatic brain ABSTRACT: Methods for evaluating the crash safety of travel injury, biomechanics, falls, prediction crates for transportation of dogs in the vehicle cargo space have previously been proposed. This study aims to (1) explore 2019 J 31 how two crate designs, a plastic crate and a metal crate, HEAD INJURY CRITERIA IN CHILD PEDESTRIAN previously evaluated according to the Center for Pet Safety ACCIDENTS (CPS) method that only accounts for frontal impact, perform D. Montoya et al when evaluated according to the Safe Pet Crate Test (SPCT) that accounts for multiple crash modes, and (2) evaluate if International Journal of Crashworthiness, the use of standard vehicle cargo hooks for securing the Vol.23, No. 5, 2018, Pages 497-506 crate and a standard vehicle seatback, as opposed to the https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2017.1345602 ‘strength-rated’ anchor points and rigid seatback structure specified for the CPS method, yields results consistent with ABSTRACT: Improved protection for the child pedestrian published CPS method test results. Frontal and rear-end requires a precise knowledge of the biomechanics of specific impact sled tests and drop tests were conducted. The results injury mechanisms for this particular category of pedestrian. indicate that the metal crate, which did not comply with the In the absence of tests on cadaver subjects, numerical CPS method, offers safety benefits over the plastic crate

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 19 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS models are a possible route of investigation for developing applying this function to the three powertrains variants. As a a predictive model for the severity of injuries. The purpose of final result, a clear difference in energy demand is observed: this study was to develop an Abbreviated Injury Scale-head the hybrid powertrain benefits the most in terms of energy (AIS-head) prediction model from numerical simulations of demand reduction in the given use case. The results clearly real accident configurations between a vehicle and a child underscore that in future vehicle development programs, the pedestrian. Fifteen real accident configurations were collected powertrain and the real-world driving functionalities have to from three different databases and simulated in order to be optimized simultaneously to minimize the energy demand identify a realistic injury criterion. For each configuration, a during everyday vehicle operation (AUTH) complete multi-body simulation of the accident, followed by a finite element simulation of the head/hood contact, was KEYWORDS: Powertrain, automated driving, predictive performed. Sixteen numerical indicators of injury, related to driving, energy saving, electrification, powertrain both the kinematics and the stress distribution, were recorded development at the end of each reconstruction. To assess the predictive capacity of our model, four new cases of real accidents were 2019 J 33 also simulated. Statistical analysis showed that a combination METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR REDUCING of different numerical indicators predicted the AIS-head of an COMPUTATIONAL COSTS OF VEHICLE FRONTAL accident accurately, with a mean error of 0.25 (AUTH) CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS BY USING SIMPLIFIED STRUCTURAL MODELLING KEYWORDS: Child, pedestrian, head, criterion, injury Michael Schäffer et al SIMULATION International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2019 J 32 Vol. 24, No. 1, 2019, Pages 39-53 https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2017.1389631 A SIMULATION-BASED CASE STUDY FOR POWERTRAIN EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT BY ABSTRACT: A challenge in the design and optimisation of AUTOMATED DRIVING FUNCTIONS the vehicle front structures is the high computational costs Thorsten Plum et al required for crash analysis. A methodological approach to simplifying finite element vehicle models and crash barriers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, is presented in this paper. The methodology uses global Vol. 233, No. 5, April 2019, p1320-1330 deformation characteristics of structures which are obtained https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018775182 from the global crash model. For the simplification of the vehicle crash model, structural regions which sustain only ABSTRACT: An increasing level of driving automation and elastic deformations during the frontal crash are replaced a successive electrification of modern powertrains enable a by kinematic numerical representations which describe both higher degree of freedom to improve vehicle fuel efficiency stiffness and load paths at the interface of the substituted and reduce pollutant emissions. Currently, both domains structures. Verification studies of the simplified vehicle model themselves, driving automation as well as powertrain show a very good agreement of the global and local structural electrification, face the challenge of a rising development response during the frontal crash. Further simplifications complexity with extensive use of virtual testing environments. were applied to the offset deformable barrier by replacing However, state-of-the-art virtual testing environments typically its detailed crushing behaviour by kinematic descriptions. strictly focus on just one domain and neglect the other. This Through the combined use of both simplified numerical paper shows the results of a simulation-based case study representations, the computational cost of a Euro new car considering both domains simultaneously. The influence of assessment program (NCAP) offset crash analysis can be energy saving automated functionalities on a conventional, reduced by around 92%. With the obtained time reduction, a hybrid, and a pure electric powertrain is investigated for structural optimisation studies of the remaining structure a carefully selected inner-city driving scenario. The vehicle can be conducted efficiently for the identification of weight simulation models for the different powertrain configurations reduction potentials (AUTH) are calibrated using test bench results and vehicle measurements. A model predictive acceleration controller is KEYWORDS: Crashworthiness, physical surrogates, developed for realizing the speed optimization function. By simplified models, multi-body system approach, considering traffic conditions such as traffic light schedules optimisation and a preceding vehicle as the boundary conditions, unnecessary accelerations and decelerations are avoided to reduce the energy demand. The case study is realized by

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 20 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS

STEERING SYSTEMS feel metrics. We first introduce a comprehensive model of a column-assisted EPAS (C-EPAS) system consisting of the 2019 J 34 major components in the system. The steering feel of the MODELING, SIMULATION, AND EXPERIMENTAL C-EPAS system is then investigated through simulation of VALIDATION OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC POWER on-centre steering tests based on the proposed mechanical STEERING SYSTEM IN MULTI-AXLE VEHICLES model with basic power assist control strategies. Various factors affecting the steering feel responses are identified. Heng Du et al Finally, by using this knowledge, it is shown that on-centre Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, steering feel can be improved by adjusting the proper Vol. 233, No. 2, February, 2019, p317-332 parameters in the C-EPAS system (AUTH) https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017743346 KEYWORDS: electric power steering; steering feel; steering system; vehicle steering systems; steering ABSTRACT: An accurate electro-hydraulic power steering friction; steering model. system (EHPSS) model is essential to analyze dynamic steering performance and advanced nonlinear control. The SUSPENSION SYSTEMS main obstacle to establish an accurate model is the complex structure, including steering mechanism, valve controlled 2019 J 36 dual hydraulic-actuator, and heavy duty tires. This paper ROAD ROUGHNESS ESTIMATION BASED ON constructs a suitable model incorporating these parts, based DISCRETE KALMAN FILTER WITH UNKNOWN INPUT on a Lagrange equation describing the steering trapezoid mechanism and dual cylinder hydraulic dynamics, regarding Sun-Woo Kang et al steering resisting moment as an external load. A simplified Vehicle System Dynamics, tire model is used to represent the tire basic steering load Vol. 57, No. 10, 2019, p1530-1544 characteristics. Due to the complexity of the kinematic https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2018.1524151 relationship in the model, several expressions are fitted using back propagation neural networks to significantly ABSTRACT: The road roughness acts as a disturbance input reduce calculation difficulty. Experimental measurements to the vehicle dynamics, and causes undesirable vibrations and simulation using Matlab/Simulink and experiment are associated with the ride and handing characteristics. realized for the case of in situ steering, and the results Furthermore, the accurate measurement of road roughness validate the proposed model accuracy. Thus, the proposed plays a key role in better understanding a vehicle dynamic model is suitable to analyze the system and design advanced behaviour and active suspension control systems. However, controllers (AUTH) the direct measurement by laser profilometer or other distance sensors are not trivial due to technical and economic issues. KEYWORDS: Multi-axle steering, electro-hydraulic This study proposes a new road roughness estimation servo, mathematical modeling, back propagation neural method by using the discrete Kalman filter with unknown network, experimental verification input (DKF-UI). This algorithm is built on a quarter-car model and uses the measurements of the wheel stroke (suspension 2019 J 35 deflection), and the acceleration of the sprung mass and STUDY ON PARAMETERS AFFECTING STEERING unsprung mass. The estimation results are compared to the FEEL OF COLUMN ASSIST ELECTRIC POWER measurements by laser profilometer in-vehicle test (AUTH) STEERING KEYWORDS: Kalman filter, unknown input, quarter-car Yijun Li et al suspension model, road roughness estimation International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2018 Vol.77 No.3, pp.153 - 179 TRANSMISSION DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2018.098941 2019 J 37

ABSTRACT: In recent years, the electric power assist RAPID OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A MULTIMODE POWER steering (EPAS) system, because of its fuel efficiency, SPLIT HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE TRANSMISSION cost effectiveness, and additional safety and convenience Pier Giuseppe Anselma et al features, has rapidly replaced the conventional hydraulic power assist steering (HPAS) system. However, there is still Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, need for improvement of the steering feel of EPAS systems Vol. 233, No. 3, February, 2019, p740-762 compared to HPAS systems. In this paper, the steering feel https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017750789 of the EPAS system is studied by investigating the steering

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ABSTRACT: This work aims at presenting a design the schemes. Second, the schemes of gear-pair and shaft, methodology capable of modeling, generating, and testing defined as the scheme that ignores the arrangement of a large number of multimode power split hybrid electric synchronizers, are derived from the basic configurations, vehicle transmission designs in a relatively short period of defined as the schemes of gear-pair and shaft that contains time. Design parameters include the planetary gear ratios, only one of each type of the variable connections, and the the final drive ratio, the configuration of hookups to link the numbers of each type of the variable connections. Finally, hybrid powertrain components to the planetary gear sets and multi-parameter, including synchronizers arrangement and the locations of clutch connections between different nodes gear ratios, is optimally designed for the results of synthesis. of the planetary gear sets. The system modeling approach The seven-speed dual-clutch transmission schemes with is first presented, including formulations for each component four degrees-of-freedom and two shaft systems are taken (the vehicle and road load, the engine, the motor/generators as an example to explain this synthesis method. In addition, and the battery). A rapid and automated modeling procedure this article helps to obtain a deeper understanding of the is proposed for hybrid electric vehicle transmissions including systematic design of other fixed gear transmission schemes, multiple planetary gear sets and clutch connections. Two such as automated mechanical transmission, automated algorithms are subsequently presented that enable fast mechanical transmissions with electric torque supporting, evaluation of fuel economy and acceleration performance and even some novel multi-input transmissions (AUTH) of hybrid electric vehicle transmission designs, namely the enhanced Power-Weighted Efficiency Analysis for KEYWORDS: Vehicle transmission, dual-clutch Rapid Sizing and the Rapid Efficiency-based Launching transmission, synthesis, design methodology, multi- Performance Analysis algorithms. The developed design degrees of freedom methodology is tested by first modeling and evaluating three TRIBOLOGY hybrid electric vehicle designs from the state-of-art. Later, an investigation for optimal designs that can ameliorate the 2019 J 39 examined benchmarks is performed. Several millions of design options are rapidly generated and tested using the MICROSCOPIC MODELING ON TRIBOLOGICAL proposed procedure. The methodology is proved effective by BEHAVIORS OF SEAL COMPOSITES FOR AIDING quickly coming up with two sub-optimal designs. Fuel economy THE SELECTION OF SEALING MATERIAL IN A WET and acceleration performance are improved by 5.56% and CLUTCH 40.56%, respectively, compared to the corresponding best Ran Gong et al benchmarks (AUTH) Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, KEYWORDS: Acceleration evaluation, energy Vol. 233, No. 2, February, 2019, p188-198 management, hybrid electric vehicle, optimal control https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017739124 strategy, optimal design, powertrain modeling, transmission design ABSTRACT: A numerical method is proposed to investigate the tribological behaviors of three sealing composite materials 2019 J 38 based on the movable cellular automata (MCA). The MCA method is a discrete approach that treats a simulated medium SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR COMPACT DUAL- like an ensemble of interacting cellular automata. These CLUTCH TRANSMISSION WITH FOUR DOFS GEAR sealing materials are applied to the seals that are assembled MECHANISM in the wet clutch of an automobile. Polytetrafluoroethylene Xueliang Li et al (PTFE) matrix materials with different proportions of the same filler materials are chosen as samples in this study. Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Based on the discretization concept, this study visualizes Vol. 233, No. 11, September 2019, p2929-2938 the microscopic dynamic responses, formation and https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018811043 evolution of the frictional layer of sealing material surfaces, by considering properties of filler materials and material ABSTRACTS: The design of dual-clutch transmission inhomogeneity in the composites of the seals. The changing with multi-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) is a good solution processes of friction coefficients and worn automata are to increase in number of gears and a wider range of gear obtained within the simulation time. PTFE composites with ratio in the limited space and weight. This article proposes a sealing ring configurations are tested in the test rig. Scanning novel synthesis method for scheme design of the dual-clutch electron microscopy is utilized to examine composite transmission with four degrees-of-freedoms gear mechanism. microstructures, and the results indicate that microstructure First, the shift sequences considering the path of power wear mechanisms are consistent with MCA simulations. The flow and shift logics are analyzed based on the degrees-of- nature of filler material is investigated and the wear patterns freedom model, abstracted from the degrees-of-freedom of of PTFE materials are revealed through the MCA method,

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 22 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS which provides an option for sealing material selection and ABSTRACT: Modal testing is routinely applied to tyres for the will improve the efficiency of the sealing design in the wet identification of structural parameters and prediction of their clutch (AUTH) vibration response to excitations. The present work focuses on the more demanding case of modal testing with the aim of KEYWORDS: Wet clutch, sealing ring, microstructure, constructing a full mathematical model of a tyre, appropriate friction, polytetrafluoroethylene composite for use in a generic time-based simulation. For this purpose, the less common free–free boundary condition is employed TYRE for the wheel, while the tyre belt is excited in all three 2019 J 40 directions, namely radial tangential and lateral. To improve efficiency, a novel partial identification method is developed DEVELOPMENTS IN TYRE DESIGN FOR LOWER for the mode shapes, whereby measured and predicted ROLLING RESISTANCE: A STATE OF THE ART frequency responses are matched around distinct resonance REVIEW peaks, while eliminating the effect of out-of-band modes. Hamad Sarhan Aldhufairi et al Axial symmetry of the tyre requires high purity mode shapes to avoid angular dependency of the tyre’s response. For this Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, reason, experimental mode shapes are digitally filtered and Vol. 232, No. 14, December, 2018, p1865-1882 combined with their orthogonal counterparts. Processed data https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407017727195 reveal apparent repetition of selected mode shapes, and this is attributed to rim deflection (AUTH) ABSTRACT: Future sustainability of road transportation will require substantial improvement in the efficient use of energy KEYWORDS: Tyre structural modelling, tyre vibration, by road vehicles. As new technologies being deployed tyre modal testing, complex mode shapes, spatial reduce total vehicle energy consumption, the contribution of filtering tyre rolling resistance to total energy consumption continues to increase. For this reason tyre rolling-resistance is starting 2019 J 42 to drive the focus of many tyre developments nowadays. This OPTIMAL PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN SEMI- is because the rolling-resistance can be responsible for 20– EMPIRICAL TIRE MODELS 30% of the total vehicle fuel consumption. Thus, lowering the rolling-resistance would help to reduce the fuel consumption Alberto López et al (i.e. CO2, NOx and hydrocarbon emissions) and hence Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, improve the environment greatly given the large number of Vol. 233, No. 1, January 2019, p73-87 vehicles used globally. It is found that the primary source of https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018779851 the rolling-resistance is the tyre deformational behaviour (i.e. hysteresis damping) which can account for 80–95% of the ABSTRACT: Semi-empirical tire models are mathematical total rolling-resistance. This paper reviews the state of the art models, the parameters of which are identified after a process in tyre design, research and development for lower rolling- of error reduction to fit experimental data obtained in the resistance, with focus on the primary source for the rolling- laboratory. In this process, the algorithms used for estimating resistance (i.e. mechanical hysteresis damping), from three the model parameters are usually based on nonlinear least- perspectives: the structural lay-up; the dimensional features; squares fitting methods, in which only vertical residuals and the materials compound(s) of the tyre (AUTH) between the model and the test points are considered. KEYWORDS: Automotive materials, fuel efficiency/ Although extensively utilized, this type of fitting implicitly economy, rolling resistance, tyre design, tyre dynamics, considers that errors in the slip data (horizontal residuals) are vehicle wheels/tyres either nonexistent or negligible, which is not true. This paper introduces a new methodology to the identification of semi- 2019 J 41 empirical tire model parameters based on weighed orthogonal residuals, which takes into account possible errors inherent EFFICIENT EXPERIMENTAL IDENTIFICATION in the test measurements of dependent and independent OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TYRE STRUCTURAL variables. The results show that the methodology offers a PROPERTIES reliable parameter identification providing an even fitting for Vasilis Tsinias et al all the zones of the mathematical semi-empirical tire model (AUTH) Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Special issue: Tyre Testing, Modelling and KEYWORDS: Orthogonal curve fitting, orthogonal Simulation, Vol. 233, No. 1, January, 2019, p88-106 residues, Pacejka’s magic formula, tire model, tire https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018773561 parameter estimation

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 23 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 Technical ABSTRACTS

VEHICLE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 2019 J 44 2019 J 43 THE VEHICLE FRONTAL IMPACT SAFETY EVALUATION AND DESIGN METHOD BASED ON THE MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF COUPLING EFFECT BETWEEN CRASH PULSE AND WHEEL BASED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF 13° AND RESTRAINT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC 90° IMPACT TESTS Junyuan Zhang et al Dengfeng Wang et al International Journal of Vehicle Design, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2018 Vol.78 No.1/2/3/4, pp.79 - 107 Vol. 24, No. 3, 2019, Pages 336-361 DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2018.100097 https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2018.1451229 ABSTRACT: In order to study the fatigue, 13° impact and 90° ABSTRACT: This paper presents a new method to evaluate impact performance of wheel and propose a wheel structure the design stiffness of vehicle structure and restraint system design and optimization method based on these performance, from the perspective of coupling effect, at the preliminary stage taking a 16×6 1/2 J type wheel as research objects, united of safety design. The fast iteration algorithm is established topology optimization was performed based on dynamic to calculate occupant response database. Subsequently, bending and radial fatigue tests, and an assembled wheel the expressions about three indexes are derived to evaluate with a magnesium alloy rim and an aluminum alloy disc was the crash pulse, the restraint system and the coupling effect designed. Finite element models of the assembled wheel for between them. Based on the data from National Highway 13° impact tests were established to analyze the effective Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) frontal crash impact plastic strain of the wheel under two conditions of the tests, the star-estimate map is established to estimate the hammer facing the spoke and the window respectively. And star rating and design stiffness. Finally, a safety design established finite element models of the assembled wheel for example of M6 model is optimised to verify the validity of the 90° impact tests, analyzed the deformation of the inner wheel proposed method, and the relative risk score (RRS) of design flange and the effective plastic strain of the rim and disc when solution decreases by 43.6%. The proposed method can be the hammer impacted facing the window, and analyzed the used in the phase of conceptual design, greatly reduce the failure range of the wheel and the effective plastic strain of calculation amount of CAE analysis and shorten the product the rim and disc beyond the 25% circumferential range (90°) development cycle (AUTH) of the impact position when the hammer impacted facing the valve window. Then studied the relationship between these KEYWORDS: vehicle impact; coupling; evaluation; performance and the wheel structure. The parametric models EDTW; equivalent dual-trapezia wave; TSSC; three- of the assembled wheel under four finite element conditions segment stiffness curve. were established with 12 design variables defined by using the mesh morphing technology. The Optimal Latin Hypercube 2019 J 45 design and Hammersley design were used to fit the Kriging THEORY OF THE DOUBLE-TUNED SIDE-INLET SIDE- surrogate model and to validate the precision of the surrogate OUTLET MUFFLER model in Isight software platform where the DEP-MeshWorks and LS-DYNA software were integrated. Using the established Gaonkar, C.D. and Munjal, M.L. surrogate model, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm- Noise Control Engineering Journal, II (NSGA-II) was adopted to perform the multi-objective Volume 66, Number 6, 1 December 2018, pp. 489-495(7) optimization of the wheel. The Pareto frontier was obtained, https://doi.org/10.3397/1/376641 and a compromise solution was selected as the optimal design result. The weight of the optimized assembled wheel ABSTRACT: The transmission loss (TL) curve of a simple was 28.59% less than that of the same type cast aluminum expansion chamber (SEC) is characterized by periodic domes. alloy wheel. Test the optimized wheels referencing four finite Theory of double tuning of the extended-inlet extended-outlet element conditions, and validate the correctness of finite chamber consists in dimensioning the extended inlet (EI) element models by comparing the simulation and test values and extended outlet (EO) at half and quarter chamber length of equivalent strain and maximum acceleration on measuring (minus the end corrections) so that three-fourths of the troughs points. The simulation analyses were in agreement with the of the SEC-TL curve are tuned out, by the quarter-wave test results. A wheel structural design process and multi- resonances of the EI and EO. However, this does not explain objective optimization method based on the fatigue, 13° the shape and overall lifting of the resulting TL curve. In the impact and 90° impact tests performance were realized in present article, an analytical expression has been derived for this article, providing the theoretical and technical basis for TL of the double-tuned side-inlet side-outlet (SISO) muffler. wheel optimization design (AUTH) Comparison of this expression with that of the SEC muffler KEYWORDS: United topology optimization, 13° impact, explains the entire shape of the TL curve and reveals two 90° impact, parametric modeling, multi-objective interesting and useful implications of double tuning. Barring optimization sharp peaks at Helmholtz numbers of p, 2p and 3p, the base Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 24 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Technical ABSTRACTS

TL curve of the double-tuned chamber (DTC) is similar to ABSTRACT: Vehicle performances, especially in motorsport, that of the corresponding SEC, with effective chamber length are deeply affected by tire behavior and in particular by reduced to one-fourth and the area expansion ratio increased tire compound proper working conditions. In this research to fourfold. Consequently, one dome of the DTC-TL spans over activity, a series of innovations have been introduced on the four domes of the SEC-TL, and the new wider dome stands Thermo Racing Tire (a physical-analytical tire thermal model, 12 dB higher than the domes of the corresponding SEC-TL based on Fourier’s law of heat transfer applied to a three- curve. The 1-D predictions have been validated against the dimensional domain) in order to take into account all the main 3-D FEM simulations. Exact matching of the locations of the aspects actively involved in the thermal behavior of the tire, first three sharp peaks of the TL curves indicates that no end as the presence of exhausted gases eventually impacting corrections would apply to the quarter-wave resonators of the at the rear axle and the inhomogeneous distribution of local SISO muffler configuration(AUTH) variables (pressure, stress and sliding velocity) within the contact patch, caused in example by the tire camber angle. 2019 J 46 The new model developed considers the presence of the sidewalls, actively involved in the convective heat exchanges, VEHICLE PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION WITH respectively, with the external airflow and the inner gas PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMISATION FOR FOUR fluid, located inside the inflation chamber. The aim ofthe WHEEL INDEPENDENT MOTOR-DRIVE VEHICLE new version of the tire thermal model is a better physical Hongliang Zhou et al comprehension of all the phenomena concerning the contact with the asphalt and the prediction of the link between the International Journal of Vehicle Design, thermal state and the frictional performance, crucial for the 2019 Vol.79 No.2/3, pp.127 - 142 definition of an optimal wheel and vehicle setup (AUTH) DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2019.102334 KEYWORDS: Tire temperature distribution, motorsport ABSTRACT: An identification method for vehicle dynamics tire thermal dynamics, energy management, tire grip- parameters which is based on particle swarm optimisation temperature optimization, exhausted gases thermal (PSO) is presented in this paper for a four wheel independent effect, wheel alignment thermal influence motor-drive (4WIMD) vehicle. The identification process consists of two steps. In the first step, wheel rotational VIRTUAL TESTING dynamic and static resistance coefficients are identified using field test data of motor torque and wheel speed. In 2019 J 48 the second step, a nonlinear vehicle dynamics model with RESEARCH REVIEW ON VEHICLE PERFORMANCE vehicle longitudinal and lateral dynamics, wheel dynamics TESTING SYSTEM model and tyre characteristics, and the parameters related to vehicle body and the tyre are identified with the test data Jing Gan et al of motor torque, accelerations, yaw rate and wheel speeds. International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, The model outputs and test data are compared and the 2019 Vol.11 No.3, pp.217 - 234 parameters show acceptable accuracy. A benchmarking DOI: 10.1504/IJEHV.2019.101298 study using a commercially available optimisation routine for the same parameter identification task is carried out and the ABSTRACT: The vehicle performance test system is PSD method presented here is observed to be much more usually an indispensable part of the automobile industry. Its accurate (AUTH) performance test results are an important indicator to measure KEYWORDS: parameter identification; PSD; particle the performance of vehicles. By analysing and comparing swarm optimisation; 4WIMD; four wheel independent the characteristics of performance test system of traditional motor-drive vehicle. automobile and electric vehicle, the development direction VEHICLE DYNAMICS of vehicle performance test system is given. This paper introduces the development status of vehicle performance 2019 J 47 testing system in foreign countries from the aspects of TRT EVO: ADVANCES IN REAL-TIME universalisation, standardisation and high performance, and THERMODYNAMIC TIRE MODELING FOR VEHICLE puts forward some opinions on how to strengthen international DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS technical cooperation and exchanges and constantly narrow the gap between China and international testing level (AUTH) Flavio Farroni et al KEYWORDS: car test system; LabVIEW; Can bus; Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, integrated virtual instrument. Special issue: Tyre Testing, Modelling and Simulation, Vol. 233, No. 1, January, 2019, p121-135 https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407018808992

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 25 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 technoscan

EMBEDDED SAFETY, SECURITY FOR AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TEXT: Naveen Arul (AutoTech Review, Vol.9, Issue 9, September 2019) https://autotechreview.com/technology/embedded-safety- security-for-automotive-systems-development

by other industries, noted Banks. He said these software development guidelines are the best ones available for the C and C++ languages. The MISRA and MISRA C guidelines are available to address the undefined behaviours that these languages perform, so as to carry out basic coding properly. Functional safety within the automotive world can be summed up by ISO 26262 safety standards. The second edition of this safety standard provides a process that guides users on how likely threats should be assessed throughout the lifecycle The automotive industry is transitioning towards mobility that of the vehicle, explained Banks. He added that ISO 26262 is set to turn connected and eventually autonomous and for mentions that security needs to be considered, although the such trends to turn into reality, safe performance of numerous current document for security is from SAE, called J3061, electronic systems is of critical importance. The short intervals which comes out of the US. This is mostly a system-level for development of new products and technologies have also guidance, which proves the point that safety and security added the burden of quicker turnaround times for developing are one and the same at the software level. Nonetheless, it features and models. The role of virtual validation in the provides guidance at the vehicle platform system level that advancement of next-generation automotive technologies is has been contributed into a joint working group of ISO and rapidly increasing, especially with the large amount of testing SAE for a collaborative standard that is undergoing work. required for features like autonomous driving. This joint standard is ISO/SAE 21434, which is focussed on There is a strong requirement for embedded safety and cybersecurity engineering for road vehicles, he observed. security to be developed and validated efficiently for the However, neither of the above standards focus on autonomy, purpose of providing solutions for future automotive mobility but there are a number of groups within the automotive trends. To this end, we spoke with three experts in the community that are coming together to address this future area of embedded software development – Andrew Banks, mobility technology. Chairman – MISRA C and BSI Software Testing Working ANSYS Medini provides a comprehensive tool for functional Group, Technical Specialist, LDRA UK (L); David A Johnson, safety, which supports all requirements for safety covering CFSE, CSP, Senior Safety/Security Engineer at exida LLC, OEMs, component suppliers as well as suppliers of USA (C); Dr Eckhardt Holz, Senior Advisor Functional Safety, semiconductor pieces like microcontrollers, noted Dr Holz. He ANSYS Medini Technologies, Germany (R). They were part said the tool supports analysis on three levels, with the first of the recently-organised fifth edition of Embedded Safety & being Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) on a qualitative or quantitative Security Summit (ESSS) 2019 by LDRA. level. The second solution, which is a complimentary method to FTA, is Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) analysis EMBEDDED & FUNCTIONAL SAFETY, SECURITY FOR methodology that supports different standards like VDA and AUTOMOTIVE: MISRA and MISRA C in particular was AIAG as well as the upcoming joint American-European created by the automotive industry for the automotive standards on FMEA. Dr Holz further added that the final industry, and has been subsequently adopted worldwide

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 26 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS technoscan analysis is in the form of supporting technologies, such Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF). Cybersecurity as Hazardous Operation Analysis (HAZOP) and Hazard is now being addressed since the new ISO standard refers Risk Analysis. In terms of solutions offered to companies to it, with regulations in the US asking carmakers to take developing hardware, Dr Holz said the company offers all cybersecurity into account. The company is currently running these techniques in a quantitative manner. its beta version of its solution to address cybersecurity, which will be soon released as an official version. The The foundation of a safety system is in defining a safety second area of SOTIF is something that ANSYS Medini is function and ensuring it works when it is supposed to, noted going to be offering in its latest release, which will come out Johnson. He added that there are two critical parts in making in September. SOTIF standard currently addresses ADAS sure that safety systems function properly. The first is in but not autonomous vehicles, noted Dr Holz. However, he making the safety system reliable and consistent, in terms of observed that the standard does include future work in the requirements management, design & architecture, analysis direction of autonomous vehicles in its scope. tools, testing & verification methods. The second area is from cybersecurity perspective, where the system is well- exida, a certification company offers such processes for protected from attacks and vulnerabilities. ISO 26262 defines 26262 standards in the area of safety and cybersecurity, and basic foundational requirements that go into cyber systems the automotive standards bank a lot on safety standards, in the form of good encryption, authentication as well as said Johnson. While the company does not directly offer management of resources. certifications for autonomous vehicles, Johnson noted that the new ISO/SAE 21434 will try to address autonomous vehicle functions. He added that once that standard is out, exida will study the new standard and become familiar with it before offering certification for such mobility trends. ESSS 2019: LDRA recently organised the fifth edition of the Embedded Safety & Security Summit (ESSS) 2019, which focussed on the theme ‘Enabling a Safe and Secure Tomorrow.’ The event brought together the global embedded technology community including embedded system designers, developers, testers, technology partners, regulators, armed forces and industry experts from the aerospace & defence, CONNECTED VEHICLES & AUTONOMOUS DRIVING: It is automotive and industrial sectors. observed that even with a driver behind the steering wheel, a vehicle is not safe or secure and is susceptible to being The event was organised with support from partners and hacked. Banks said that in the case of autonomous vehicles, industry bodies, featuring over 20 speakers from five countries, even if a driver is present, as in the case of Level 3/4 type of who presented technical papers in two dedicated tracks. The car, a timely human intervention may be possible while being first track covered the topic of embedded safety and security, hacked. He further added that in a Level 5 fully-autonomous while the second track looked into automotive functional vehicle, there is no means for the driver to take control at all, safety and security. The event provided the industry with an leading to a hacker being able to remotely control the vehicle opportunity to interact and forge relationships with the vibrant and deciding the path of the vehicle. tech community. Dr Holz noted that the event encompassed a variety of topics, which complement each other nicely and Similarly, within the connected environment, there have been have been brought together within the overall context of cases of drivers hacking into the vehicle-to-infrastructure embedded systems and safety of embedded systems. (V2I) system to control traffic lights due to their openness. This requires a safe and secure infrastructure system that ROUND-UP: A common idea derived from the interaction with these experts is that it is imperative that safety and security can authenticate and validate instructions, otherwise possibly are not thought of at the end of the development process, leading to catastrophic results. Banks noted that safety and but taken into account from the start of vehicle development, security are vital and need to be seen as a pair, since one to be able to design and implement these features as the cannot be considered without the other. development progresses, noted Banks. Meanwhile, Dr Holz noted that the standards in the development of safety and There are two other important updates coming up within the security are significant, especially since these regulations scope of ADAS and autonomous vehicles – Cybersecurity and

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 27 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 technoscan are developed in accordance with various markets, and sedans and SUVs. OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers need scalable this also enables manufacturing of improved products that and cost-efficient solutions to meet those ambitious targets. can be easily exported to global markets. The evolution of autonomous vehicle technologies will see increased role of Infineon supports system suppliers with the widest product safety and security requirements in the development of such portfolio of power semiconductor solutions for xEV main systems, in order to get their design right the first time, and inverters in the industry – ranging from chips to discrete save time that is of essence to the automotive industry. solutions and entire modules. At the heart of Infineon’s xEV module portfolio stands the HybridPACK™ Drive. The lead HYBRIDPACK DRIVE - MODULAR POWER product was introduced in 2017 and is now complemented SEMICONDCUTOR SOLUTIONS FOR EVS with an entire product family (1) & (2). This power module AUTHORs: MAIKE MÜLLER, Infineon Technologies. family provides power scalability between 100 kW and 175 kW and an easy design-in concept to support Tier 1 suppliers TOMAS REITER, Infineon Technologies. and automotive OEMs in the development of a cost-effective (AutoTech Review, Vol. 9, Issue, 9, September 2019) platform approach for main inverters. https://autotechreview.com/technology/hybridpack-drive- modular-power-semicondcutor-solutions-for-evs

(2) Different power classes are realised by changing the cooling performance and the chip technology

Adding to the spectrum, Infineon also introduced a 1,200 (1) Typical module appearance of the HybridPACK Drive family. All V Silicon IGBT chip in this product family, enabling higher Si IGBT family members have the same top side appearance vehicle working voltages necessary for fast charging For a fast and cost-efficient development of electric drivetrains, purposes with battery voltages of 700 V or more. The matching power modules for energy conversion and control in demanding requirements of commercial, construction and the main inverter are required. Infineon supplies new power agriculture vehicle (CAV) applications like buses and trucks modules, which enable inverter designs with powers ranging can also be met. In a next step, the family will also implement from 100 to 175 kW. Silicon Carbide chip technology, which achieves a doubled E-MOBILTY – MAIN INVERTER MARKET TRENDS: power density compared to Si based devices. Worldwide, the hybrid and electric vehicle (xEV) market is The key requirements for xEV main inverters are high growing exponentially, showing the highest growth rates efficiency, high power density & current capability, long lifetime in the automotive sector for decades. This market trend is & reliability, and competitive cost-performance ratio. To meet mainly driven by legislation on the reduction of emissions. those requirements, Infineon introduced the first HybridPACK Many upcoming standards will not penalize CO2 emissions Drive power module with the EDT2 IGBT-chip generation in of individual vehicles, but that of the entire fleet sold by an 2017. The key improvements compared with previous power OEM. The European Union, for example, has set a limit of 95 module generations are a reduction of power losses, higher g/km fleet average from 2021 and will reduce it to 59 g/km by current capability and ease of mounting. The first two aspects 2030. As a result, car manufacturers need to electrify a wide are mainly achieved by the new IGBT chip generation in the range of vehicles – from small city cars to large long-range module. The EDT2 technology sets benchmarks in terms of

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 28 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS technoscan current density combined with short circuit ruggedness and The HybridPACK Drive Flat offers the lowest performance in the increased blocking voltage and ensures reliable inverter product family by using a flat baseplate without any structure. operation under harsh environmental conditions. The Thus, customers who have already implemented the existing EDT2 chips also reduce power losses at light loads. This Pin-Fin module in their system benefit from reusing the same significantly improves the system efficiency in a real driving footprint for lower current densities. For increased power the cycle. The module comes with high clearance and creepage Wave module establishes a Ribbon Bond baseplate structure distances. This makes the new module family well suited for for direct cooling. It closes the performance gap between the increased system working voltages. Flat version and the Pin-Fin module. On the upper end of the To simplify the customer’s assembly process, the power family, the Performance module is equipped with the already modules have mechanical guiding elements and press- well-known Pin-Fin baseplate and shows the highest cooling fit pins for the signal terminals, (1). Thus time-consuming performance. A dedicated ceramic material enables higher selective solder processes can be avoided, which results current capabilities and extends the power class portfolio to in cost savings and improved reliability on system level. As 175 kW. the pins are not integrated into the power module housing, All three new variants use the same EDT2 chipset as the first a flexible control pin adjustment is granted for an optimized launched variant. The EDT2 technology has been designed circuitry on the DCB. This flexibility also enables functional for automotive power based on the micro-pattern trench cell upgrades like sensor integration for future designs. concept, (4), and was developed to achieve high performance Two connector tab types are offered, which enable either a as well as high robustness with good controllability and short fast welding process or a classic screw connection to the circuit robustness. system. A long tab version is also in production to implement Compared to prior IGBT generations, the EDT2 implements phase current sensors directly on the power tabs. a new cell structure, which reduces the gate charge and increases current density. At the same time, the switching TECHNICAL FEATURES: With increased market demand for electric vehicles leading to the necessity to build-up a softness and good thermal short circuit capability in the EDT2 new energy vehicle fleet with all kinds of performances, the remains. Due to an optimised field-stop structure, the die HybridPACK Drive module is a very good match to enable thickness and base material resistivity can remain and the highest flexibility for system designers. Different power collector-emitter voltage can be increased by 100 V to 750 V. classes are achieved by an adaption of the cooling system, The trenchstop concept, (4), and thin wafer technology were (2). The baseplate of the module is connected with the already implemented in the earlier chip generation, leading to cooler of the inverter. Changing the design of the baseplate significantly improved conduction and switching losses. This influences the capability of thermal dissipation of the module, technology was benchmark in industrial applications and was (3). qualified for automotive applications with the rise of electric mobility. Earlier chip generations were based on non-punch through concepts. (4) Vertical cell geometry structure of non-punchtrough, Trenchstop, micropattern trench concept and EDT2 IGBT (from left to right) The micro-pattern trench concept of the EDT2 allows an optimisation of the carrier profile. This allows a reduction of charge carriers within the drift zone, which have to be removed during the turn-off phase (tail current) in order to minimize total power losses. These two measures allow a significant reduction in conduction losses (Vcesat) and turn-off switching losses (Eoff). The increase in the blocking voltage provides more design margin at turn-off, when the chip is exposed to a voltage spike caused by the current drop di/dt and the system inductance. The chip also has a lower turn-off loss at high bus voltages. (3) Main technical features of HybridPACK™ Drive variants

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 29 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 technoscan

(5) depicts a turn-off characteristic of the trenchstop IGBT3 The HybridPACK Drive is qualified according to the European and the microtrench pattern like EDT2 IGBT in the same qualification guideline for power modules for use in power module with a gate driver circuit at Vdc = 400 V and Tvj = 25 electronics converter units in motor vehicles. Being part °C. The gate-emitter (Vge)-curve clearly shows that the Miller of the ECPE (European Center for Power Electronics) plateau is significantly reduced resulting in a faster switching Working Group AQG 324, Infineon works closely with event and significantly lower turn-off energy per switching automotive partners. Based on the former German LV 324 event. This enables highly efficient inverter designs for (Qualification of Power Electronics Modules for Use in normal operation. Despite the short Miller plateau, the EDT2 Motor Vehicle Components – General Requirements, Test Conditions and Tests) the ECPE guideline defines a common IGBT is easy to control. Especially at extremely high current procedure for characterization of power modules as well as situations like over-currents and short circuit, the EDT2 is not for environmental and lifetime testing of power electronic switching faster than the IGBT3, which makes such extreme modules for automotive applications. situations easy to handle and leads to high system reliability. To meet the requirements of high DC-link voltages, i.e. for fast charging applications, the IGBT4 1,200 V technology is now available as an alternative variant of the Performance module. It is also based on a Pin-Fin baseplate and performance ceramic but uses a different chipset. With the implementation of IGBT4 dies, which offer best thermal resistance Rth performance compared to the EDT2 HybridPACK Drive variants in the same configuration, 1,200 V blocking voltage within the HybridPACK Drive family is enabled. The square trench cell of the IGBT4 provides a best compromise between low gate charge and a carrier profile for balancing the conduction and turn-off losses. In combination with the substrate resistivity, thickness, fields stop and collector- side p doping the IGBT4 1,200 V is focused on softness, in particular on smooth switching capabilities for applications with high system inductance currents (Lstray*I). This results (6) Typical appearance of an evaluation kit HybridKIT of the in high EMI compatibility and low voltage spikes during turn- HybridPACK Drive off.

EVALUATION KIT HYBRIDKIT: Infineon offers the HybridKIT Drive and HybridKIT Drive Sense, which are easy to use evaluation kits for a B6-bridge full xEV main inverter application. The kits support system designers in fast and efficient evaluation of the HybridPACK Drive. The evaluation kit is equipped with the HybridPACK Drive lead type power module, a gate driver board with latest EiceDriver- technology, a microcontroller logic board with Aurix- microcontroller, pre-installed software, DC-link capacitor and cooler. Designed for the use in a laboratory environment, the HybridKIT Drive can drive active and passive loads up to 150 kW for DC voltages up to 500 V. As the devices are intended to be used with a cooler, the system is prepared for fluid cooling and can reach high efficiency values up to 99 % even on light load conditions, (6).

(5) Comparison of switching behaviour of a trenchstop IGBT3 and the micro-pattern trench like EDT2 IGBT in the same module (Vdc = 400 V, Tvj = 25 °C)

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 30 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS IPR scan (AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY)

CONVERSION OF A FUEL POWERED VEHICLE TO A The BMS balances the individual cells by charging the cells BATTERY POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE in parallel and discharging them in series. This arrangement Publication Number : 34/2015 of charging the cells in parallel and discharging them in series serves two purposes, balancing the cell as well as a higher Publication Date : 21/08/2015 output voltage for discharge. The inbuilt charger is used for Publication Type : INA rectifying and regulating (RR) the input AC voltage 20 for Application Number : 746/DEL/2012 charging the battery. The battery is also provided with the Application Filing Date : 15/03/2012 single control unit 23, which controls cell balancing and also the switching regulator 26 for charging the battery. Figure 1 Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL Classification (IPC) : H01K DIRECT CONVERSION OF A FUEL POWERED REAR Inventor : SINGAL, CHANDER MOHAN, 45C, WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE TO A BATTERY POWERED BB Block, Janak Puri, New Delhi - ELECTRIC VEHICLE 110058, India. Publication Number : 51/2015 Applicant : SINGAL, CHANDER MOHAN, 45C, Publication Date : 18/12/2015 BB Block, Janak Puri, New Delhi - 110058, India. Publication Type : INA ABSTRACT: Detailed technological design and method Application Number : 1616/DEL/2014 thereof is given for converting a fuel powered four Wheeled Application Filing Date : 16/06/2014 vehicle to a battery powered controllable speed electric Field Of Invention : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING vehicle, by first removing all the fuel related sub-assemblies from the vehicle and then incorporating in it, in a properly Classification (IPC) : B60K6/20 matched and integrated manner, a rechargeable dc battery Inventor : SINGAL, CHANDER MOHAN, bank made from automotive rechargeable dc batteries, a 45C, BB-Block, Janak Puri, New squirrel cage three phase ac induction motor, a dc to three Delhi-110058, India phase ac variable frequency variable voltage inverter, and other requisite subassemblies designed specially for this Applicant : SINGAL, CHANDER MOHAN, purpose to complete this conversion. 45C, BB-Block, Janak Puri, New Delhi-110058, India AN AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY WITH ABSTRACT: Detailed technological design and method AN INBUILT BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND thereof is given for directly converting a fuel powered four CHARGER wheeled rear wheel drive vehicle to a battery powered Publication Number : 14/2015 controllable speed electric vehicle, by first removing all the fuel related and variable gears related sub-assemblies from Publication Date : 03/04/2015 the vehicle and then incorporating in it, in a properly matched Publication Type : INA and integrated manner, a rechargeable dc battery bank Application Number : 4445/CHE/2013 made from automotive rechargeable dc batteries, a squirrel Application Filing Date : 30/09/2013 cage three phase ac induction motor, a dc to three phase ac variable frequency variable voltage inverter, and other Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL requisite subassemblies designed specially for this purpose Classification (IPC) : H02J7/00 to complete this conversion . Inventor : MOUMITA SARKAR, TVS Motor Company Limited, Jayalakshmi ANTI-SPILL LEAD ACID AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY Estates No.29 (Old No.8) Haddows Publication Number : 27/2016 Road, Chennai 600 006, India Publication Date : 01/07/2016 Samraj Jabez Dhinagar, Tvs Motor Company Limited, Jayalakshmi Publication Type : INA Estates No.29 (Old No.8) Haddows Application Number : 4373/CHE/2014 Road, Chennai 600 006, India Application Filing Date : 05/09/2014 Applicant : M/S TVS Motor Company Limited, Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL No. 29, Haddows Road, Chennai - Classification (IPC) : H01M2/00 600 006, India ABSTRACT: The current invention describes an automotive ABSTRACT: This invention relates to a anti spill lead acid electric storage battery with an inbuilt BMS and a charger. automotive battery which is anti-spill in application usage

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 31 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 IPR scan (AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY) as wells as exhibits anti- spill characteristics during battery ABSTRACT: A three phase regulator rectifier for automotive rapid charging or overcharging conditions also when it is battery charging applications of a two wheeled vehicle having tilted at its adjacent and opposite directions of 90° & 180°. a few discrete components and providing programmable More particularly, this present invention relates to a anti spill feedback control for improved efficiency in battery charging lead acid automotive battery wherein any rise of gases with applications is disclosed. entrained electrolyte droplets inside the battery by means of mechanical agitation & rapid charging or over-charging A MODIFIED CONTROL CIRCUITRY FOR REGULATOR at certain operating conditions, will be intercepted by the RECTIFIER FOR AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY CHARGING complex circular & linear flow slot arranged in the EIC vent AND LIGHTING APPLICATION which returns it to their respective cell. Furthermore, this Publication Number : 41/2017 invention also relates to a anti spill lead acid automotive Publication Date : 13/10/2017 battery which has the beneficial effects of having saving power, safety and reliability. Figl Publication Type : INA Application Number : 201621012744 A PROGRAMMABLE REGULATOR RECTIFIER FOR Application Filing Date : 12/04/2016 AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY CHARGING APPLICATIONS OF Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL A TWO WHEELED VEHICLE Classification (IPC) : H02J 7/00 H05B 33/00 Publication Number : 29/2015 Inventor : MR. DIVYA RAMRAIKA, Gat. No Publication Date : 17/07/2015 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, Publication Type : INA Pune-412114, India Application Number : 3563/MUM/2014 MR. GOPINATH RAGUPATHI, Gat. Application Filing Date : 12/11/2014 No 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL Pune-412114, India Classification (IPC) : G05F1/62 MR. VIKAS VIJAYKUMAR SALVI, Gat. No 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Inventor : DIVYA RAMRAIKA, GATE No Talawade, Pune-412114, India 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, MR. VISHAL PRAKASH GITE, Gat. Pune-412 114, India No 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, Applicant : STAR ENGINEERS (I) PVT LTD, Pune - 412114, India Gate No 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Applicant : STAR ENGINEERS (I) PVT LTD., Talawade, Pune - 412 114, India Gat. No 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, ABSTRACT: A programmable regulator rectifier for Talawade, Pune - 412114, India automotive battery charging applications of a two wheeled ABSTRACT: Modified control circuitry used in a regulator vehicle having a few discrete components and providing rectifier for automotive battery charging application is programmable feedback control for improved efficiency in disclosed. battery charging applications is disclosed. BATTERY SENSOR INTEGRATED CONTROL UNIT FOR A A THREE PHASE REGULATOR RECTIFIER FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY CHARGING AND CONTROL APPLICATION SUITABLE FOR OF A TWO WHEELED Publication Number : 45/2017 VEHICLE Publication Date : 10/11/2017 Publication Number : 29/2015 Publication Type : INA Publication Date : 17/07/2015 Application Number : 201641015277 Publication Type : INA Application Filing Date : 02/05/2016 Application Number : 3675/MUM/2014 Field Of Invention : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Application Filing Date : 20/11/2014 Classification (IPC) : B60R16/00 Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL Inventor : Paul Isac, Anil Kumar Velagapudi, Classification (IPC) : H02P9/00, G05F 5/00 Dilip Gunasekaran, Nabal Kishore Inventor : DIVYA RAMRAIKA, Gate No 67/68, Pandey, Kumarprasad Telikepalli, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, Pune-412 Ramachandran Ragupathy, 114, India Mahindra Research Valley, Applicant : Star Engineers (I) Pvt Ltd., Gate Mahindra World City, P.O-Anjur, No 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, Chengalpattu, Kanchipuram Pune - 412114, India District– 603004, Tamil Nadu, India

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 32 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS IPR scan (AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY)

Applicant : Mahindra & Mahindra Limited Mahindra ResearchValley, Mahindra A THREE PHASE REGULATOR RECTIFIER FOR World City, P.O-Anjur, Chengalpattu, AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY CHARGING AND CONTROL Kanchipuram District– 603004, APPLICATION Tamil Nadu, India. Publication Number : 42/2018

ABSTRACT: A controller for hybrid vehicles. Embodiments Publication Date : 19/10/2018 disclosed herein relate to hybrid vehicles, and more particularly Publication Type : INA to controller systems in hybrid vehicles. Embodiments herein Application Number : 201821030998 disclose a design and apparatus for a hybrid control unit and a battery monitoring sensor. Embodiments herein disclose a Application Filing Date : 19/08/2018 controller for controlling a hybrid automotive vehicle including Field Of Invention : ELECTRICAL an engine and an electric motor as drive power sources for Classification (IPC) : H02J 7/00 driving the vehicle, and an electric generator operable by the engine to charge a battery while the engine drives the vehicle. Inventor : Ms. DIVYA KISHORILAL Embodiments herein disclose a control unit integrated with RAMRAIKA, Gat No. 67/68, Jyotiba the battery sensor. FIG. 1 Nagar, Talawade, Pune, India Mr. RAGUPATHY GOPINATH, Gat METHOD AND SYSTEM OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT No. 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE Pune, India Mr. VIKAS VIJAYKUMAR SALVI, Publication Number : 36/2016 Gat No. 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Publication Date : 31/08/2016 Talawade, Pune, India Publication Type : INA Mr. VISHAL PRAKASH GITE, Gat No. 67/68, Jyotiba Nagar, Talawade, Application Number : 201617023782 Pune, India Application Filing Date : 12/07/2016 Applicant : STAR ENGINEERS INDIA PRIVATE Priority Number : France 1363663 LIMITED, Gat No. 67/68 Jyotiba Priority Country : France Nagar, Talawade, Pune, India

Priority Date : 27/12/2013 ABSTRACT: A three phase regulator rectifier for automotive Classification (IPC) : H02J 7/14,B60L 11/00 battery charging and control application A programmable Inventor : HIRON Christian, 6 rue de la mare semiconductor circuit based voltage regulation system de léglise 78690 Les Essarts le Roi for controlling the charging of the battery in a vehicle. France The conventional voltage regulator is eliminated and the programmable semiconductor device is used to regulate Applicant : RENAULT S.A.S, 13 quai Le Gallo the output of the alternator. The semiconductor device is 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France programmed to supply set point voltage based upon feedback circuit signal to obtain desired battery voltage with pre-set ABSTRACT: Method of estimating the current across the maximum and minimum voltage set point levels. System is terminals of the battery of an automotive vehicle characterized configured to fit between stator part of magneto generator in that it comprises the following steps: a step of regulating and battery. Fast switching circuit which consists of ZCD the voltage of the alternator of the automotive vehicle in the interfaces with the alternator current signals. In addition, the course of which the regulating voltage Ub of the alternator system is provided with NAND logic for transferring constant is stabilized for a certain period at a voltage close to that of voltage when input is low. Semiconductor circuit regulates all equilibrium of the battery thereby causing the current of the the voltage requirements with the help of feedback circuit and battery ICha to tend to zero the calculation of the resistance provide appropriate amount of voltage between the battery R of the electrical components of the vehicle through the terminals to keep it fully charged. relation R = Ub/ICarb where ICarb is the current consumed by the vehicle equal to the current delivered by the alternator during this period of regulation of the voltage of the alternator at a voltage close to that of equilibrium of the battery changing of the alternator voltage regulation value to a higher value Uh and calculation of the charge current IChah of the battery through the relation IChah = IAlth Uh / R where IAlth is the current delivered by the alternator.

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 33 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 AUTO NEWS

GOVT TO ANNOUNCE SCRAPPAGE POLICY Yadvinder Singh Guleria, senior vice-president (sales and SHORTLY: NITIN GADKARI marketing) at HMSI, said: “The start of the festive period with Ganesh Chaturthi in Maharashtra and Onam in Kerala By: Sharmistha Mukherjee, has been a washout.” HMSI currently has inventory of 45 ET Bureau, Updated: Sep 12, 2019, 07.02 AM IST days and the company is hoping that retail demand will pick (Source: The Economic Times) up in the coming days and normalise inventory levels. The usual inventory level in the industry is about a month. NEW DELHI: Road transport and highways minister Nitin Gadkari said the government is working on a vehicle NEW MOTOR VEHICLE ACT A PROPOSAL TO SAVE scrapping policy and will announce it shortly. “The policy LIVES, NOT MAKE REVENUE: NITIN GADKARI is in the works. It has to be cleared by the finance ministry. There are some issues which have to be resolved with By: Express Drives Desk state government and stakeholders. It will be announced Published: September 12, 2019 10:47 AM shortly,” Gadkari said on Wednesday. He said apart from (Source: The Financial Express) scrappage centres for commercial vehicles and passenger cars, industry stakeholders should also look at setting up Provisions under the new Motor Vehicles Act warrant such units for dismantling old two wheelers. hefty fines for the violation of traffic rules. This has led to The minister said he has already taken up the matter of mixed reactions from the population. Some states are yet slashing goods and services tax (GST) rates on vehicles to implement the updated regulations while some have with finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman. “Any decision to decided to cut down on the fines drastically. In the midst of cut rates will be taken by the GST Council, in which both this, the Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways the central government and the states governments are Nitin Gadkari, in an interview to ANI clarified that the new stakeholders. The ball is in their court,” said Gadkari. The provisions under the Motor Vehicles Act are a proposal to GST Council is scheduled to meet next on September 20. save lives and not generate revenue. He said that the hefty fines will help in the reduction of road accidents as people In response to a query from media persons, Gadkari said the will now start obeying traffic rules. finance minister’s reasoning that millennials’ preference for ride-hailing services such as Ola and Uber had hampered The amendments to the Motor Vehicles Act, apart from demand for automobiles had been misinterpreted. “What other provision, has also increased the amount payable for the minister meant is that this is one of the many reasons fines by a huge amount. In some cases, such as drunk- affecting auto sales,” he said. Gadkari assured the industry driving, the fine has gone up by as much as 10 times the of government support to tide over the crisis. original. Recently, we have come across various instances in which an extravagant fine was imposed on road user. In He was speaking at the launch of Honda Motorcycle & some cases, though the person was stopped by the traffic Scooter India’s Activa 125 BS VI, priced at Rs 67,490- police for a minor offence, the resultant challan amounted 74,490 (ex-showroom, Delhi). The BS VI-compliant version to be quite huge since the said person was not able to is Rs 6,000-8,000 costlier than the BS IV variants. HMSI present the required documents of the vehicle. will subsequently convert all other models in its portfolio to meet the enhanced emission norms by the end of this Some rules of the MV Act, which existed even before financial year. Automobile sales in the country recorded the implementation of the amendments, are now being their steepest fall in nearly two decades last month, down implemented strictly. For instance, driving a two-wheeler 23.5% year-onyear to 1.8 million units. The industry has with sandals/slippers is not allowed and can warrant a fine been urging the government to reduce GST on automobiles of Rs 1,000. The implementation of the new regulations has to 18% from the current 28% to boost demand. led people scrambling to get their vehicle’s papers in order.

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 34 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS AUTO NEWS

Long cues are being observed across PUC kiosks. In order model and retrofitting it but developing their own electric to ease the process, the Delhi Government has announced vehicle and then planning to put all the systems inside. The extended hours for the same. combined manpower for this project stands at 200 which includes professors from six different IISc departments. SOON, A DRIVERLESS CAR FOR INDIAN ROADS In order to collect raw data, a car equipped with multiple TO TACKLE POTHOLES, STRAY CATTLE: sensors is being run on Bangaluru roads for the past EXPECTED BY MARCH 2020 six months. The team aims at putting 28 sensors on the autonomous car. By: Express Drives Desk One of the challenges that lie in front of the team is the amount Updated: September 16, 2019 11:41 AM of processing power that is needed in order to process the (Source: The Financial Express) data coming from the road, which is again, enormous in comparison to other environments. The number of changes A driverless car on Indian roads with all its potholes, and events happening per second is qute high on Indian stray cattle and random traffic movements may seem an roads conditions. The team cannot afford to put in a high impossible task. However, scientists and researchers at power computing system as it will draw more power from the Indian Institute of Science and IT major Wipro think the storage system on the electric vehicle than it is needed otherwise! The two have joined hands for a project which to run the vehicle itself. For this, the team has decided to aims at putting a driverless car on our roads as early as use Neuromorphic computer chips which mimic the neural March 2020. The collaboration will take forward the ongoing processing of the brain and consume less power. three-year project at Wipro in which data from European and American roads was being analysed for the development of an autonomous vehicle. This has given birth to “a grounds- HIGHER ROAD TAX IN 9 STATES PUSHES UP COST up autonomous vehicle”. However, the challenge that lies OF CARS ahead in front of the scientists at IISc and engineers from By: Sharmistha Mukherjee, Ketan Thakkar Wipro, is to mould this into an autonomous car, while taking into consideration the haphazard driving conditions on ET Bureau, Sep 17, 2019, 06.54 AM IST Indian roads. (Source: The Economic Times)

Dr Ramachandra Budihal, Wipro’s head for AI, autonomous systems and robotics told to The Indian Express that his NEW DELHI|MUMBAI: At a time when high ownership costs team is working on “cutting edge” algorithms which are and liquidity tightening have put the brakes on automobile specific to Indian conditions. The data collected from sales, as many as nine states — including Punjab, Kerala, Europe and America cannot be used in India because our Jammu & Kashmir and Bihar — have increased road taxes, roads have unique conditions. Prof A G Ramakrishnan from raising further the on-road cost of passenger vehicles. the department of electrical engineering at IISc, who is a Higher road taxes have increased the on-road price of key investigator in the project added that in US and Europe, a car Rs 5,000-57,000 depending on the model and the the traffic is disciplined and people follow lanes. In India, geography, shows data available with market leader Maruti you have all sort of hinderances, be it, people, cycle or Suzuki. auto-rickshaws, using the road in a completely unorganised In J&K, for instance, higher road tax (at 9%) has raised the on- manner. On top of that, our roads lack proper infrastructure road price of Maruti Suzuki Alto 800 by Rs 22,900. Coupled and are riddled with potholes. with higher input costs because of the implementation of Budihal, who is based on the IISc campus with a team of 18 upgraded safety and emission norms and rising insurance engineers from Wipro to build the car said that everything is expenses, the overall price of the model has gone up by being designed from scratch. They are not using an existing Rs 63,000. For larger models such as the Ciaz, the price

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 35 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 AUTO NEWS increase is as much as Rs 98,000. Alto’s average monthly context of the overall impact of taxes on automobiles; states sales in the state have subsequently fallen by 27%. need to become more aware of their responsibility to promote Similar price increases have brought down the small manufacturing. “If GST cut is part of an overall scheme to car’s sales by 28% in Punjab, 27% in Bihar and 26% in reduce taxes and the states commit not to increase taxes Uttarakhand in the first five months of the fiscal. “Ifyou further, then it makes sense. But if periodically, states are increasing the price of a car like Alto by roughly by Rs increase road tax, then it becomes something like alcohol 45,000-50,000, what do you expect? Sales will drop,” Maruti and cigarettes…that every few years you keep adding,” said Suzuki chairman RC Bhargava told ET, adding, “When Bhargava. sales are declining, states kept increasing road taxes by up to 5%. When you combine the higher cost of cars, with CORPORATE TAX CUT TO PUSH LOCAL lower availability of financing for customers, along with the MANUFACTURING IN AUTO SECTOR: SIAM requirement of the customer to increase the amount of his initial deposit, affordability becomes an issue.” PTI| Sep 20, 2019, 03.29 PM IST (Source: The Economic Times) Overall, passenger vehicle sales in the local market dropped 23.5% to 1,109,930 in the same period as high vehicle prices and sparse credit availability hit demand. According to auto New Delhi: Auto industry body SIAM on Friday said the companies, the extra cost incurred by a customer beyond reduction in corporate tax rate and other announcements the ex-showroom price for factors such as insurance, road made by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman would and registration tax and basic accessories can range from help give boost to local manufacturing in the sector. The 4-20%, depending on a personal or a corporate buyer and government slashed effective corporate tax to 25.17 per varying from state to state. cent inclusive of all cess and surcharges for domestic companies. Making the announcement, Sitharaman said Vikas Jain, national sales head for Hyundai Motor, said not the new tax rate will be applicable from the current fiscal only has the on-road price gone up because of road taxes which began on April 1. but getting borrowing on this incremental cost along with insurance spike is also getting tough for the prospective “The reduction of corporate tax to 15 per cent for new buyers. “On one hand, the customer has to make an upfront companies making fresh investments from October 1, down payment of 20% as against 10%, but he has (to) also 2019 will support investment and also FDI in the auto ensure that there is enough liquidity to pay the insurance, sector. This is expected to give a big boost to Make in road tax and other expenses like on accessories, which India for automobile industry,” Society of Indian Automobile have made the conversion of enquiry to sales difficult,” said Manufacturers (SIAM) President Rajan Wadhera said in a Jain. statement. Expansion of scope of CSR (corporate social responsibility) expenditure to include incubation centres and Bhargava, however, does not think a simple reduction in R&D activities will also help with expenditure in automobile GST rates on passenger vehicles will help reduce costs sector, he added. “All these set of fiscal measures are and spur demand. “GST is certainly a major element of expected to uplift market sentiments and improve demand what adds to the cost of a car, but it is not the only element. for automobiles,” Wadhera said. If the government reduces GST, but states add more road tax, and somebody else raises insurance, then some other tax, then it makes no difference to the customer,” he said.

The Maruti chief said the GST issue should be viewed in the

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 36 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS BOOKS ADDED IN KNOWLEDGE CENTRE FOR THE YEAR 2019-20

LIGHTWEIGHT ELECTRIC/HYBRID VEHICLE DESIGN Subject(s) : Automotive Chassis; Safety Automotive Power By HODKINSON, RON; FENTON, JOHN. Trains | Automotive Emission | Automotive Place : New Delhi Electrical Equipment | Automotive Engine Systems | Automotive Mechanics; Automotive Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann Engines Date : 4 July 2001 Summary: This hallmark Description : 288 pages 17.2 x 24.2 x 1.9 cm. text on Automotive ISBN : 9780750650922. Mechanics covers the latest developments Barcode : FBK00719 in Automotive Design, Subject(s) : Hybrid electric vehicles--Design and Construction, Operation, construction | Lightweight construction | Diagnosis and Service. The Electric vehicles--Design and construction new developments have been demonstrated with Summary: Lightweight the various illustrations Electric/Hybrid Vehicle and pictures. Typical Design covers the particular specifications and sample automotive design approach service procedures introduce required for hybrid/electrical to the student to the way drive vehicles. There is automotive manufacturers currently huge investment and service instructors world-wide in electric recommend that diagnosis and service procedures be vehicle propulsion, driven performed. by concern for pollution control and depleting oil ROAD VEHICLE DYNAMICS: FUNDAMENTALS AND resources. The radically MODELING (GROUND VEHICLE ENGINEERING SERIES) different design demands By RILL, GEORG. of these new vehicles requires a completely new Place : New York approach that is covered Publisher : CRC Press comprehensively in this book. The book explores the rather dramatic departures in Date : 27 Oct 2011 structural configuration necessary for purpose-designed Edition : 1 edition. electric vehicle including weight removal in the mechanical Description : 362 pages 15.6 x 2.1 x 23.4 cm. systems. It also provides a comprehensive review of the design process in the electric hybrid drive and energy ISBN : 9781439838983. storage systems. Ideal for automotive engineering students Barcode : FBK00724 and professionals Lightweight Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Design Subject(s) : Motor vehicles--Dynamics | Motor vehicles-- provides a complete introduction to this important new Dynamics-Mathematical models sector of the industry. Comprehensive coverage of all design aspects of electric/hybrid cars in a single volume Packed with Summary: Road Vehicle case studies and applications In-depth treatment written in a Dynamics: Fundamentals text book style (rather than a theoretical specialist text style) and Modelling (Ground Vehicle Engineering Series) AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICS by Georg Rill combines the By CROUSE, WILLIAM. basics of computer-simulated Place : Chennai India modelling with vehicle- dynamics fundamentals, Publisher : McGraw Hill Education to provide a practical and Date : 1 July 2017 unique insight into vehicle Edition : 10th Edition. dynamics. The material in the text is drawn from lectures Description : 820 pages 54.6 x 8.1 x 71.1 cm taken from graduate and ISBN : 9780070634350. undergraduate courses, symposiums and seminars, Barcode : FBK00722 giving practical insights

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 37 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 BOOKS ADDED IN KNOWLEDGE CENTRE FOR THE YEAR 2019-20 into the subject. Readers are only required to take the first HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES: PRINCIPLES AND prerequisite course in programming language and dynamics APPLICATIONS WITH PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVES to be able to comprehend the material. The text is divided into By CHRIS, MI, M. ABUL, MASRUR. 11 sections: Introduction, Road, Tire, Drivetrain, Suspension System, Force Elements, Vertical Dynamics, Longitudinal Place : West Sussex U.K. Dynamics, Lateral Dynamics and Driver Behavior. At the end Publisher : JW (Wiley-Blackwell) Chichester of each chapter are exercises which will help to reinforce the concepts and programming examples. In the introduction, Date : 24 Nov 2017 readers will learn about quantities, units, definitions, Edition : 2nd Edition. terminology, motion equations and multibody dynamics. Description : 600 pages, 17.5 x 3.3 x 24.6 cm. In Road, topics such as modelling aspects, stochastic and deterministic road models are covered in Tire, students will ISBN : 9781118970560. learn about torques, state forces, bore torque and combined Barcode : FBK00728 forces. Subject(s) : Hybrid electric vehicles | Automotive Antique & Classic Transformation Electric Voltage INTRODUCTION TO FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERS Summary: The latest By SAAD A. RAGAB; HASSAN E. FAYED. developments in the field of hybrid electric vehicles Place : New York Hybrid Electric Vehicles Publisher : CRC Press provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which Date : 5 Jul 2017 include purely electric, hybrid Edition : 1 edition. electric, hybrid hydraulic, Description : 566 pages 15.6 x 23.5 cm. fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric, and off-road ISBN : 9781138030176. hybrid vehicular systems. It Barcode : FBK00727 focuses on the power and Subject(s) : Engineering mathematics | Finite element propulsion systems for these method vehicles, including issues related to power and energy Summary: Finite Element management. Other topics Analysis for Engineers covered include hybrid vs. introduces FEA as a pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in & technique for solving charging control and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial differential equations, and utility vehicles, safety and EMC, storage technologies, for application to problems in vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and Civil, Mechanical, Aerospace prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues. Hybrid and Biomedical Engineering Electric Vehicles, Second Edition is a comprehensively and Engineering Science updated new edition with four new chapters covering recent & Mechanics. Intended advances in hybrid vehicle technology. New areas covered primarily for senior and first- include battery modelling, charger design, and wireless year graduate students, charging. Substantial details have also been included on the the text is mathematically architecture of hybrid excavators in the chapter related to rigorous, but in line with special hybrid vehicles. students’ math courses. Organized around classes of differential equations, the text includes MATLAB code for selected examples and problems. Both solid mechanics and thermal/fluid problems are considered. Based on the first author’s class-tested notes, the text builds a solid understanding of FEA concepts and modern engineering applications.

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 38 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS BOOKS ADDED IN KNOWLEDGE CENTRE FOR THE YEAR 2019-20

AUTONOMOUS DRIVING TECHNICAL LEGAL AND BOSCH AUTOMOTIVE HAND BOOK 10/ED SOCIAL ASPECTS By BOSCH, ROBERT. By MAURER J. MARKUS; BARBARA, CHRISTIAN GERDES; WINNER, LENZ HERMANN. Publisher : Wiley SAE Place : Germany Date : December 2018 Publisher : Springer Edition : 10th Edition. Year : 2016 Description : Pages 1778. Edition : 1st Edition. ISBN : 9781119530817. Description : Pages 706. Barcode : FBK00723

ISBN : 9783662488454. Subject(s) : Automobiles Design and construction | Motor Barcode : FBK00720 vehicles | Automobiles Subject(s) : Autonomous vehicles | User interfaces (Computer systems) | Engineering design Summary: Bosch’s | Industrial management | Motor vehicles- definitive automotive -Design and construction | Automobiles-- engineering reference – Electronic equipment fully updated for the latest automotive technology Summary: This book takes and trends The Bosch a look at fully automated, Automotive Handbook is autonomous vehicles the flagship publication in and discusses many Bosch’s handbook series open questions: How can on automotive technologies autonomous vehicles be and is an indispensable integrated into the current resource for automotive transportation system engineers, designers, with diverse users and technicians, and students human drivers? Where alike. From its first release in do automated vehicles 1936, the Bosch Automotive fall under current legal Handbook has grown from frameworks? What risks are a 96-page pamphlet to an associated with automation information-packed 1,750- and how will society respond page pocket reference. The latest edition includes 200 pages to these risks? How will of new content, including: Coverage of autonomous vehicles the marketplace react to Detailed technical analysis and industry insights More than automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for 1,000 diagrams, illustrations, sectional drawings, and tables companies? Experts from Germany and the United States Handy conversion charts and an easy-to-search topic index define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related Contributions from leading automotive manufacturers, to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions industry experts, and Bosch itself Whether you’re a garage programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable mechanic, design engineer, automotive professional, or a car vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other enthusiast, the Bosch Automotive Handbook is your quick road users, and choose actions that may have ethical and easy guide to all things automotive in this fast-paced and consequences ever-evolving industry.

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 39 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 forthcoming events

OCTOBER 2019 Title : Smart Automotive Surfaces 2019 Title : Global Car Body Benchmarking Date : 09-10-2019 to 10-10-2019 Conference (EuroCarBody) Title : Automotive Electronics Systems Venue : Laurel Manor, United States Date : 15-10-2019 to 17-10-2019 Innovation Network Conference Email : [email protected] Venue : Bad Nauheim, Germany (AESIN Conference) Website : http://www.itbgroup.com/smart- Website : https://10times.com/car-body- Date : 01-10-2019 to 01-10-2019 automotive-surfaces-2019/ benchmarking Venue : Solihull, UK Title : International Conference on Title : SAE 2019 Thermal Management Title : NI Automotive Forum India Advances in Design, Materials, Systems Symposium Date : 01-10-2019 to 01-10-2019 Manufacturing and Surface Date : 15-10-2019 to 17-10-2019 Venue : Bengaluru, India Engineering for Mobility Venue : Plymouth, Michigan, USA Date : 11-10-2019 to 12-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Title : Coach & Bus UK Venue : Chennai, India Date : 02-10-2019 to 03-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Title : Thermal Management Systems Venue : Birmingham, UK Symposium Website : https://10times.com/coach-bus-uk Title : TASC Expo 2019 Date : 15-10-2019 to 17-10-2019 Date : 11-10-2019 to 12-10-2019 Venue : Plymouth, MI, United States Title : Coach & Bus UK 2019 Venue : Areal Böhler, Germany Email : [email protected] Date : 02-10-2019 to 03-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Website : http://www.sae.org/tmss Venue : The NEC Birmingham, United Kingdom Website : https://www.tasc-expo.com/ Email : [email protected] Title : TU-Automotive Japan 2019 Website : http://go.evvnt.com/397638- Title : 5G Automotive Forum 2019 Date : 15-10-2019 to 16-10-2019 0?pid=6322 Date : 15-10-2019 to 16-10-2019 Venue : The Westin Tokyo, Japan Venue : Wyndham Garden Berlin Mitte Hotel, Email : [email protected] Title : Coach & Bus UK 2019 Germany Website : https://sites.tu-auto.com/japan/ Date : 02-10-2019 to 03-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Venue : The NEC Birmingham, United Kingdom Website : https://bisgrp.com/event/2nd-annual- Title : Indonesia Transport Supply Chain Email : [email protected] 5g-automotive-forum & Logistics 2019 Website : http://go.evvnt.com/397638- Date : 16-10-2019 to 18-10-2019 0?pid=6322 Title : Autonomous Airports Summit 2019 Venue : Jakarta International Expo, Indonesia Date : 15-10-2019 to 18-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Title : Auto Supply Chain Forum Venue : Furama Riverfront Hotel Singapore, Website : https://www.transport-supplychain- Date : 03-10-2019 to 4-10--2019 Singapore logistics.co.id/en-gb Venue : Taj Lands End, Mumbai Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.equip-global. Title : Inter Battery 2019 Title : Electric Vehicles International com/autonomous-airports- Date : 16-10-2019 to 18-10-2019 Conference & Show (EV) summit-2019 Venue : COEX B Hall, South Korea Date : 03-10-2019 to 04-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Venue : Bucharest, Romania Title : Dubai World Congress For Self Website : http://interbattery.or.kr/ Website : https://10times.com/electric-vehicles- Driving Transport 2019 international-conference-show Date : 15-10-2019 to 16-10-2019 Title : Korea Automotive Industry Venue : Za’abeel Hall 4 – 6, Dubai World Exhibition Title : Conference on Automotive Design Trade Centre, United Arab Date : 16-10-2019 to 18-10-2019 & Engineering Emirates Venue : Songdo Convensia, Korea Date : 04-10-2019 to 04-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Venue : Chennai, India Website : https://sdcongress.com/ Website : http://www.koaashow.com/eng/index. asp Title : 16th European Automotive Title : Equip Auto 2019 Congress 2019 Date : 15-10-2019 to 19-10-2019 Title : Korea Automotive Industry Date : 07-10-2019 to 11-10-2019 Venue : Paris Expo Porte De Versailles, Exhibition 2019 Venue : MINSK, Belarus France Date : 16-10-2019 to 18-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Venue : Songdo Convensia, Korea Website : https://eaec-2019.eu/ Website : https://en.equipauto.com/ Email : [email protected] Website : http://www.koaashow.com/eng/index. Title : EAEC 2019 - 16th European Title : Equip Auto 2019 asp Automotive Congress Date : 15-10-2019 to 19-10-2019 Date : 07-10-2019 to 11-10-2019 Venue : Paris Expo Porte De Versailles, Venue : Minsk, Belarus France Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : https://eaec-2019.eu/ Website : https://en.equipauto.com/

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 40 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS forthcoming events

Title : International Symposium on Title : Autonomous Vehicle Technology Title : North American Commerical Future Mobility Safety Science and Exhibition Vehicle Show 2019 Technology Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 Date : 28-10-2019 to 31-10-2019 Date : 17-10-2019 to 18-10-2019 Venue : Suburban Collection Showplace, Venue : Georgia World Congress Center, Venue : Pilsen, Czech Republic United States United States Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : https://ntc.zcu.cz/en/ Website : http://go.evvnt.com/462133-0?pid=6322 Website : https://nacvshow.com/about-north- symposium2019 american-commercial-vehicle-show/ Title : Autonomous Vehicle Test & Title : Abuja Motor Fair 2019 Development Symposium 2019 Title : Innovations in Mobility Date : 21-10-2019 to 26-10-2019 Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 Date : 29-10-2019 to 31-10-2019 Venue : International Conference Center Venue : The Suburban Collection Showplace, USA Venue : Novi, MI, United States Annex, Nigeria Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : https://www. Website : https://www.sae.org/attend/ Website : http://www.bkgexhibitions.com/ autonomousvehiclesymposium.com/ innovationsinmobility detroit/en/ Title : Technology For Automotive 2019 Title : Automotive Cost Engineering Date : 29-10-2019 to 29-10-2019 Detroit 2019 Title : Battery Technology Show 2019 Venue : Mikrocentrum, Netherlands Date : 22-10-2019 to 23-10-2019 Date : 22-10-2019 to 23-10-2019 Email : [email protected] Venue : DoubleTree Suites By Hilton Hotel Venue : Ricoh Arena, United Kingdom Website : https://technologyforautomotive.com Detroit Downtown - Fort Shelby, Email : [email protected] United States Website : https://www.batterytechnologyshow. Title : TU-Automotive Europe 2019 Email : [email protected] com/home Date : 29-10-2019 to 30-10-2019 Website : http://go.evvnt.com/474121- Venue : INFINITY Hotel & Conference Title : SAECCE 2019 - China-SAE 0?pid=6322 Resort, Germany Congress & Exhibition Email : [email protected] Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 Title : Automotive Interiors Expo Usa 2019 Website : https://automotive.knect365.com/ Venue : Shanghi, China Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 tu-auto-europe/ Website : http://www.saecce.org.cn/ Venue : Suburban Collection Showplace, USA Email : [email protected] Title : Advanced Engineering 2019 Title : South Tech 2019 Website : http://Https://www.automotive- Date : 30-10-2019 to 31-10-2019 Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 interiors-expo.com/detroit/en/ Venue : Birmingham, United Kingdom Venue : Greenville Convention Center, United Website : https://www.easyfairs.com/advanced- States Title : Automotive Testing Expo 2019 engineering-2019/advanced- Email : [email protected] Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 engineering-2019/ Website : https://southteconline.com/ Venue : The Suburban Collection Showplace, NOVEMBER 2019 United States Title : Global Conference on Mechanical, Email : [email protected] Automotive and Materials Title : 4th International Conference On Website : http://go.evvnt.com/408296- Engineering (Auto Mech) Battery And Fuel Cell Technology 0?pid=6322 Date : 23-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 Date : 04-11-2019 to 05-11-2019 Venue : Tokyo, Japan Venue : Rome, Italy Title : Automotive Testing Expo 2019 Website : https://10times.com/auto-mech Email : [email protected] Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 Website : https://satellite.enggconferences.com/ Venue : The Suburban Collection Showplace, Title : 28th Annual Congress EVU United States Date : 24-10-2019 to 26-10-2019 Title : Automotive 2019 Email : [email protected] Venue : Barcelona, Spain Date : 04-11-2019 to 05-11-2019 Website : http://go.evvnt.com/408296- Website : http://evu2019.org/ Venue : Chicago, United States 0?pid=6322 Email : [email protected] Title : Asia Workshop on Modeling and Website : https://automotiveconference. Title : Autonomous Vehicle Interior Mechatronics (AWMM) euroscicon.com/ Design & Technology Symposium Date : 24-10-2019 to 26-10-2019 (Autonomous Vehicle Interior Venue : Shanghai, China Title : International Conference Design & Technology Sy) Website : https://10times.com/awmm-shanghai On Advanced Automotive Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019 Technologies Venue : Novi, USA Title : Automotive Cybersecurity Summit Date : 04-11-2019 to 05-11-2019 Website : https://10times.com/autonomous- Date : 28-10-2019 to 30-10-2019 Venue : Chicago, United States vehicle-interior-design-technology-sy Venue : Silicon Valley, CA, United States Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : https://automotiveconference. Website : https://www.asdevents.com/event. euroscicon.com/ asp?id=21585

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 41 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 forthcoming events

Title : 2019 ASEAN Automotive Parts Title : Devops Hack Summit Title : International Symposium on Manufacturing Summit Date : 08-11-2019 to 08-11-2019 lighting (iSoL) Date : 05-11-2019 to 06-11-2019 Venue : Hotel Novotel Bengaluru Techpark, Date : 14-11-2019 to 15-11-2019 Venue : JS Luwansa Hotel And Convention Bengaluru Venue : Gurgaon, India Center, Indonesia Email : [email protected] Title : 7th International Conference Title : Lubrication India 2019 Website : https://ringierevents.eventbank.com/ Automotive Power Supply Date : 14-11-2019 to 16-11-2019 event/2019-asean-automotive-parts- Systems 2019 Venue : Bombay Convention & Exhibition manufacturing-summit-11981/ Date : 11-11-2019 to 14-11-2019 Centre, India Venue : Hotel Palace Berlin, Germany Email : [email protected] Title : AVFOP - 2019 Avionics and Vehicle Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.fe-india.com/lubrication- Fiber- Optics and Photonics Website : https://www.automotive-iq. india/ Conference com/events-48v-vehicles?utm_ Date : 05-11-2019 to 07-11-2019 medium=portal&mac=IQPCCORP Title : World EV Show - Delhi (WEVS) Venue : Dallas, TX, United States Date : 14-11-2019 to 15-11-2019 Email : [email protected] Title : Laser In The Automotive Industry Venue : New Delhi, India Website : http://www.photonicssociety. 2019 org/conferences/avionics-and- Date : 11-11-2019 to 13-11-2019 Title : 13th International Conference vehicle-fiber-optics-and-photonics- Venue : Schweinfurt, Germany Steering Systems 2019 conference Email : ricarda.herrmann@sv- Date : 19-11-2019 to 21-11-2019 veranstaltungen.de Venue : Dorint Hotel Sanssouci Potsdam, Title : Mobility Electronics Suppliers 2019 Website : https://www.sv-veranstaltungen. Germany Date : 05-11-2019 to 07-11-2019 de/de/event/laser-in-der- Email : [email protected] Venue : Berlin ExpoCenter City, Germany automobilindustrie/ Website : https://www.automotive-iq.com/ Email : [email protected] events-steering-conference?utm_ Website : https://www.mobility-electronics.de/en/ Title : 5th Specialist Conference: Robots medium=portal&mac=IQPCCORP In The Automotive Industry Title : Vietnam Industrial And Date : 12-11-2019 to 13-11-2019 Title : Small Engine Technology Manufacturing Fair 2019 Venue : Schweinfurt, Germany Conference & Exposition Date : 06-11-2019 to 08-11-2019 Email : [email protected] Date : 19-11-2019 to 21-11-2019 Venue : Kinh Bac Cultural Center, Website : https://www.sv-veranstaltungen.de/ Venue : Hiroshima, Japan Vietnam de/event/roboter/ Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : http://www.setc-jsae.com/ Website : http://vietnamindustrialfiesta.com/ Title : Automotive Manufacturing vimf-2019/ Meetings Bursa 2019 Title : Small Engine Technology Date : 12-11-2019 to 14-11-2019 Conference 2019 Title : West Africa Automotive Show 2019 Venue : Merinos ACCC, Bursa, Turkey Date : 19-11-2019 to 21-11-2019 Date : 06-11-2019 to 08-11-2019 Email : [email protected] Venue : Hiroshima, Japan Venue : Landmark Centre, Nigeria Website : http://turkey.automotivemeetings. Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] com/index.php Website : http://www.setc-jsae.com/ Website : https://westafricaautomotive.com/ Title : Future Light Automotive Summit Title : Solutrans 2019 Title : 22nd Autoexpo Tanzania 2019 2019 Date : 19-11-2019 to 23-11-2019 Date : 07-11-2019 to 09-11-2019 Date : 12-11-2019 to 12-11-2019 Venue : Lyon Eurexpo, France Venue : Diamond Jubilee Expo Center Venue : National Conference Centre, United Email : [email protected] Conference Centre, Tanzania Kingdom Website : https://www.solutrans.eu/ Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.expogr.com/tanzania/ Website : https://www.futurelightautomotive. Title : Central & Eastern European autoexpo/ com/ Automotive Forum 2019 Date : 20-11-2019 to 21-11-2019 Title : Automotive Management Live 2019 Title : CIAAR 2019 Venue : New York Palace Hotel, Hungary Date : 07-11-2019 to 07-11-2019 Date : 13-11-2019 to 15-11-2019 Email : [email protected] Venue : National Exhibition Centre, United Venue : Shanghai Everbright Convention & Website : http://www.ceeautomotive.com/ Kingdom Exhibition Center, China Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Title : IoT India (Internet of Things) Website : https://www. Website : http://www.autocoolexpo.com/en/ Date : 21-11-2019 to 21-11-2019 automotivemanagementlive.co.uk/ Venue : Vivanta by Taj - Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, Bengaluru

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Title : Tech.AD Usa DECEMBER 2019 Title : Autotech 2019 Date : 21-11-2019 to 22-11-2019 Date : 13-12-2019 to 15-12-2019 Venue : The Henry, USA Title : Automechanika Shanghai 2019 Venue : Egypt International Exhibition Center, Email : [email protected] Date : 03-12-2019 to 06-12-2019 Egypt Website : http://Https://www.autonomous- Venue : National Exhibition And Convention Email : [email protected] driving-detroit.com/ Center (Shanghai), China Website : https://www.autotechegypt.com/en/ Email : [email protected] home.html Title : The International Exhibition On Website : http://automechanika-shanghai. Tire And Aftermarket 2019 hk.messefrankfurt.com/shanghai/en/ Title : International Transportation Date : 22-11-2019 to 25-11-2019 visitors/welcome.html Electrification Conference India Venue : China Import And Export Fair (ITEC India) Complex, China Title : E-Mobility Charging Infrastructure Date : 17-12-2019 to 19-12-2019 Email : [email protected] Conference Venue : Sheraton Grand Bengaluru Website : http://www.tireplus-expo.com/en/ Date : 04-12-2019 to 06-12-2019 Whitefield Hotel & Convention Venue : Detroit, MI, United States Center, Bengaluru Title : Hypermotion 2019 Email : [email protected] Date : 26-11-2019 to 28-11-2019 Website : https://www.asdevents.com/event. JANUARY 2020 Venue : Frankfurt, Germany asp?id=21642 Email : [email protected] Title : International Conference on Smart Website : https://hypermotion-frankfurt. Title : EV Thermal Management Energy and Systems and Electric messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/ Summit Vehicles (ICSESEV) en.html Date : 04-12-2019 to 06-12-2019 Date : 08-01-2020 to 10-01-2020 Venue : Detroit, MI, United States Venue : Vijayawada, India Title : Intelligent Tire Technology Email : [email protected] Conference 2019 Website : https://www.asdevents.com/event. Title : Auto Massan 2020 Date : 26-11-2019 to 28-11-2019 asp?id=21657 Date : 15-01-2020 to 18-01-2020 Venue : Steigenberger Grandhotel Venue : Svenska Mässan - Swedish Handelshof, Germany Title : Defense Maintenance and Exhibition & Congress Centre, Email : [email protected] Logistics Exhibition Sweden Website : https://www.automotive-iq.com/ Date : 09-12-2019 to 12-12-2019 Email : [email protected] events-automotive-tires?utm_ Venue : Spokane, Washington, USA Website : https://automassan.se/ medium=portal&mac=IQPCCORP Title : DOD Maintenance Symposium Title : Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Title : M:bility India Date : 09-12-2019 to 12-12-2019 Technologies Symposium Date : 26-11-2019 to 27-11-2019 Venue : Spokane, Washington, USA Date : 28-01-2020 to 30-01-2020 Venue : Hyatt Regency Pune, Pune Website : https://www.sae.org/attend/dod Venue : Pasadena, California, USA

Title : Connected Cars Summit Title : 3rd International Conference For Title : Mobile Tech Expo 2020 Date : 27-11-2019 to 28-11-2019 Vehicle Intelligence Date : 30-01-2020 to 01-02-2020 Venue : London, United Kingdom Date : 10-12-2019 to 12-12-2019 Venue : Rosen Shingle Creek, USA Email : [email protected] Venue : Berlin, Germany Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.asdevents.com/event. Email : [email protected] Website : https://mobiletechexpo.com/ asp?id=21566 Website : https://www.automotive-iq.com/ orlando/ events-vehicle-intelligence?utm_ Title : Connected Cars Summit 2019 medium=portal&mac=IQPCCORP FEBRUARY 2020 Date : 27-11-2019 to 28-11-2019 Venue : London, United Kingdom Title : Internal Combustion Engines and Title : 17th Guangzhou International Auto Email : [email protected] Powertrain Systems for Future Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Website : https://www.wplgroup.com/aci/event/ Transport Technology Exhibition connected-cars-summit/ Date : 11-12-2019 to 12-12-2019 Date : 13-02-2020 to 15-02-2020 Venue : United Kingdom Venue : China Import And Export Fair Title : NuGen Mobility Summit Email : [email protected] Complex, China Date : 27-11-2019 to 29-11-2019 Website : http://www.imeche.org/icengines Email : [email protected] Venue : Gurgaon, India Website : http://www.a2echina.com/ktnew/html/ Title : Autotech 2019 english/ Title : Auto:Code 2019 Date : 13-12-2019 to 15-12-2019 Date : 28-11-2019 to 29-11-2019 Venue : Egypt International Exhibition Center,Egypt Venue : TITANIC Chaussee Berlin, Germany Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.autotechegypt.com/en/ Website : https://www.auto-code.eu/ home.html

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 43 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 forthcoming events

Title : Canadian International Autoshow Title : International Conference on Title : WCX™ 20 :SAE World Congress 2020 Advanced Light-weight Materials Experience Date : 14-02-2020 to 23-02-2020 and Structures (ICALMS) Date : 21-04-2020 to 23-04-2020 Venue : Metro Toronto Convention Centre, Canada Date : 06-03-2020 to 07-03-2020 Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA Email : [email protected] Venue : Secunderabad, India Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.autoshow.ca/ Title : Automotive Testing Expo & Title : SurCar 2020 Title : World Intelligent Robotic Process Confernce Turkey 2020 Date : 22-04-2020 to 23-04-2020 Automation Summit Date : 10-03-2020 to 12-03-2020 Venue : Shanghai, China Date : 14-02-2020 to 14-02-2020 Venue : Silence Istanbul Hotel & Convention Email : [email protected] Venue : Hotel Novotel Bengaluru Techpark, Center, Turkey Website : https://www.surcar-asia.com/ Bengaluru Email : [email protected] Website : http://testingshow.com/turkey MAY 2020 Title : MachAuto-Expo-2020 Date : 21-02-2020 to 24-02-2020 Title : AeroTech Americas Title : 8th International Conference Venue : Glada Ground, India Date : 17-03-2020 to 19-03-2020 And Exhibition On Automobile & Email : [email protected] Venue : Pasadena, California, USA Mechanical Engineering Website : http://www.machautoexpo.in/ Date : 18-05-2020 to 19-05-2020 Title : SAE On-Board Diagnostics Venue : Berlin, Germany Title : 3rd Autoexpo Africa 2020 Symposium - Europe Email : automobileeurope@ Date : 24-02-2020 to 26-02-2020 Date : 24-03-2020 to 26-03-2020 brainstormingmeetings.com Venue : Millennium Hall, Ethiopia Venue : Dublin, Ireland Website : https://automobile. Email : [email protected] expertconferences.org/ Website : https://www.expogr.com/ethiopia/ APRIL 2020 autoexpo/ Title : Commercial Vehicle Forum (CVF) Title : Denver International Auto Show 2020 Date : 20-05-2020 to 20-05-2020 Title : Autonomous Vehicles Silicon Date : 01-04-2020 to 05-04-2020 Venue : The Westin Pune Koregaon Park, Valley 2020 Venue : Colorado Convention Center, USA Pune Date : 24-02-2020 to 26-02-2020 Email : [email protected] Venue : Silicon Valley, United States Website : https://denverautoshow.com/ JUNE 2020 Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.automotive-iq.com/ Title : Automechanika Istanbul 2020 Title : Autonomous Vehicle Technology events-autonomousvehicles?utm_ Date : 02-04-2020 to 05-04-2020 Expo 2020 medium=portal&mac=IQPCCORP Venue : Tüyap Fair Convention And Date : 16-06-2020 to 18-06-2020 Congress Center, Turkey Venue : Hall 6, Messe Stuttgart, Germany Title : International Conference on Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Innovative Design, Analysis Website : https://automechanika-istanbul. Website : https://www. & Development Practices in tr.messefrankfurt.com/istanbul/ autonomousvehicletechnologyexpo. Aerospace and Automotive en.html com/en/conference.php Engineering (I-DAD) Date : 24-02-2020 to 26-02-2020 Title : Manila International Auto Show Title : Global Automotive Components & Venue : Chennai, India 2020 Suppliers Expo 2020 Date : 02-04-2020 to 05-04-2020 Date : 16-06-2020 to 18-06-2020 Title : Tire Technology Expo 2020 Venue : World Trade Center Metro Manila, Venue : Hall C2, Messe Stuttgart, Germany Date : 25-02-2020 to 27-02-2020 Philippines Email : [email protected] Venue : Deutsche Messe, Germany Email : [email protected] Website : https://www.lobalautomotive- Email : [email protected] Website : https://manilaautoshow.com/ componentsandsuppliersexpo.com/ Website : https://www.tiretechnology-expo.com/ en/index.php en/index.php Title : New York International Auto Show 2020 SEPTEMBER 2020 MARCH 2020 Date : 10-04-2020 to 19-04-2020 Venue : Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, Title : COMVEC20 Title : Automechanika Ho Chi Minh City 2020 USA Date : 15-09-2020 to 17-09-2020 Date : 05-03-2020 to 07-03-2020 Email : [email protected] Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USA Venue : Saigon Exhibition And Convention Website : https://www.autoshowny.com/ Email : [email protected] Center (SECC), Vietnam Email : [email protected] Title : WCX SAE World Congress Title : COMVEC™ Website : https://automechanika-hcmc. Experience Date : 15-09-2020 to 17-09-2020 hk.messefrankfurt.com/ Date : 21-04-2020 to 23-04-2020 Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USA hochiminhcity/en.html Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 44 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS forthcoming events

Title : North American International APRIL 2021 SEPTEMBER 2022 Powertrain Conference Date : 16-09-2020 to 18-09-2020 Title : WCX SAE World Congress Title : North American International Venue : Chicago, Illinois, USA Experience Powertrain Conference Date : 13-04-2021 to 15-04-2021 Date : 14-09-2022 to 16-09-2022 Title : SAE On-Board Diagnostics Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA Venue : Chicago, Illinois, USA Symposium Date : 22-09-2020 to 24-09-2020 JUNE 2021 MARCH 2023 Venue : Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Title : SAE 2021 Noise and Vibration Title : AeroTech Americas Title : SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Conference & Exhibition Date : 14-03-2023 to 16-03-2023 Meeting Date : 14-06-2021 to 17-06-2021 Venue : Ft. Worth, Texas, USA Date : 22-09-2020 to 24-09-2020 Venue : Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA Venue : Krakow, Poland Email : [email protected] APRIL 2023

OCTOBER 2020 SEPTEMBER 2021 Title : WCX SAE World Congress Experience Title : SAE 2020 Thermal Management Title : COMVEC™ Date : 18-04-2023 to 20-04-2023 Systems Symposium Date : 14-09-2021 to 16-09-2021 Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA Date : 06-10-2020 to 08-10-2020 Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USA Email : [email protected] Venue : Mesa, Arizona, USA Website : https://www.sae.org/attend/ Email : [email protected] comvec APRIL 2024

Title : Thermal Management Systems Title : North American International Title : WCX SAE World Congress Symposium Powertrain Conference Experience Date : 06-10-2020 to 08-10-2020 Date : 15-09-2021 to 17-09-2021 Date : 16-04-2024 to 18-04-2024 Venue : Mesa, Arizona, USA Venue : Chicago, Illinois, USA Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA Email : [email protected] Title : Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - Title : SAE On-Board Diagnostics 38th Annual Symposium APRIL 2025 Date : 11-10-2020 to 14-10-2020 Date : 21-09-2021 to 23-09-2021 Venue : San Antonio, Texas, USA Venue : Garden Grove, California, USA Title : WCX SAE World Congress Experience Title : Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - OCTOBER 2021 Date : 08-04-2025 to 10-04-2025 38th Annual Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA Date : 11-10-2020 to 14-10-2020 Title : Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - Email : [email protected] Venue : San Antonio, Texas, USA 39th Annual Email : [email protected] Date : 17-10-2021 to 20-10-2021 Venue : Orlando, Florida, USA Title : SAE 2020 Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 38th Annual MARCH 2022 Date : 11-10-2020 to 14-10-2020 Venue : San Antonio, Texas, USA Title : AeroTech Americas Email : [email protected] Date : 15-03-2022 to 17-03-2022 Venue : Pasadena, California, USA Title : Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Control Symposium APRIL 2022 Date : 13-10-2020 to 14-10-2020 Venue : Gothenburg, Sweden Title : WCX SAE World Congress Experience MARCH 2021 Date : 05-04-2022 to 07-04-2022 Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA Title : AeroTech Americas Date : 09-03-2021 to 11-03-2021 Venue : Orlando, Florida, USA

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 45 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 SUBSCRIPTION FORM / Feedback Form

KC Version 9 Date : 22-06-2018 KC /10 KC Version 8 Date : 11-07-2016 Appendix - G SUBSCRIPTION FORM FOR KC/12 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Automotive Research Association of India Knowledge Centre Date: Feedback Form for Automotive Abstracts Subscriber No. Name : Designation : Dear Sir, Company Address : Please enroll/renew my/our subscription to Automotive Abstracts for the period April ……… to March ………. for E-mail ID : print + e-version. I/We enclose payment of Rs. 3000/- for Contact Details : print + e-version (within India) (Rs. Three thousand Rupees only) and US $ 100 + 18% GST for e-version (for Foreign) Automotive Abstracts : (Please give your feedback/ remarks for following parameters on a scale of 1 to 10) (US Dollar Hundred only) drawn in favour of The Automotive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Research Association of India, Demand Draft/Cheque No. Poor Excellent ……………… dated …………… / Cash (if hand delivered). 1. Coverage of topics: Subscription period of Automotive Abstract is fixed April 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 to March. 2. Presentation: NAME & DESIGNATION : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3. Quality of Abstracts Selected:

ORGANIZATION NAME : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4. Quality of Auto Clippings: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ADDRESS & PIN CODE : 5. Quality of IPR Scans:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6. Coverage of Forthcoming Events:

PHONE / FAX : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

E-MAIL : 7. Delivery on Time:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Signature 8. Any additional Suggestion / Value addition: Receipt No. & Date :

(Company Seal) Place: Date:

Signature To Dr. K.C. Vora Sr. Deputy Director, Head, Academy & Knowledge Centre

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 46 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS DEPOSIT ACCOUNT SCHEME FORM / Membership Details

KC Version 9 Date : 22-06-2018 KC/13 KC/APPLICATION FORM FOR DEPOSIT ACCOUNT SCHEME (Deposit for Document Delivery Service) THE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF INDIA Regd. Office : Survey No.102, Vet al Hill, Off Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune-411 038 Deposit Account No. Postal Address : P.O. Box No. 832, Pune-411 004 (India) Phone : 91-20-30231192,30231193 n Fax : 91-20-30231104 Date : E-mail : [email protected] Dear Sir, Web site : http://www.araiindia.com

Please enroll us as a deposit holder. I/We enclose payment of Rs.1500/- + 18% GST (as applicable) drawn in favour of Automotive Knowledge Centre - Membership Details Research Association of India, Pune as our initial deposit. Demand (Option 1 - For Reference Only) Draft / Cheque No. ……..…………… dated ……….……… / Cash (if Type of Membership Fees hand delivered). Company Membership Rs.5,000/- [+18%GST]p.a.(3 membership cards)

The copy of all document copies supplied to me / us may be debited Educational/Research Institute Rs.3,000/-[+18% GST] p.a. to this account. Please remind me for renewal of the Account as and Membership (3 membership cards) when necessary. I assure to pay through Deposit Scheme for supply Individual Membership Rs.2,000/- [+18% GST]p.a.(1 membership card) of document copies. Monthly Membership Rs. 500/- [+18% GST] per month

I undertake that, copy supplied to me in compliance with the request. I Weekly Membership Rs.300/- [+18% GST] per week will use it only for purpose of research or private study. Daily Membership Rs.100/- [+18% GST] per day

Name & Designation (Option 2 - Book Borrowing Facility)

Rates for Valid Annual Membership Fee is Organisation Name ARAI Member Companies Rs.15,000/- + 18% GST (as applicable) per annum + Refundable Deposit Rs.25,000/- Address Pin Code Annual Membership Fee is Rates for Other Companies Rs.30,000/- + 18% GST (as applicable) per annum Phone / Fax + Refundable Deposit Rs.50,000/- is E-mail Annual Membership Fee Rates for Educational / Rs.20,000/- + 18% GST Research Institutes (as applicable) per annum Signature + Refundable Deposit Rs.50,000/-

Receipt No. & Date : (Company Seal) We look forward to your valuable Library membership for Book Borrowing Facility BENEFITS: For any query regarding Membership form, Rules etc., please feel 1. 10% Discount on the document delivery service to the Deposit free to contact us on our Tel. No. 020- 30231192 / 1193 and at email Account Holders subject to minimum invoice of Rs.50/-. IDs [email protected] / [email protected]

2. Immediate supply of document copies. Dr. K. C. Vora Head, ARAI Academy & Knowledge Centre NOTE: 1. If minimum amount in Deposit Account goes below Rs.1000/- the P.S. : For SAEINDIA Membership, please contact privilege of receiving 10% discount on document delivery will be Mr. Sagar Murugkar at (Option 1 For Reference Only) withdrawn till deposit account is brought back to Rs.1500/- [email protected] Free for SAEINDIA (020-30231136, Mob. 09922277224) Members For more details contact Knowledge Centre at [email protected] at ARAI. For outstation members, please contact [email protected].

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 47 Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 KNOWLEDGE CENTRE ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FORM

THE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF INDIA Regd. Office : Survey No.102, Vet al Hill, Off Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune-411 038 Postal Address : P.O. Box No. 832, Pune-411 004 (India) Phone : 91-20-30231192,30231193 n Fax : 91-20-30231104 E-mail : [email protected] n Web site : http://www.araiindia.com KC Version 9 Date : 22-06-2018 KC/13 KNOWLEDGE CENTRE ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FORM (Option 1: For Reference only / Option 2 : Book Borrowing Facility) Membership No. Dear Sir, Please enroll / renew my / our Knowledge Centre Annual Membership for (please tick mark )

Option I : Membership for Reference Only Option II : Membership with Book Borrowing

Option I : Membership for Reference Only Option II : Membership with Book Borrowing

Category Annual Membership Fee + Please tick Category Annual Membership Fee + Refundable Please tick GST (as applicable) mark  GST (as applicable) Deposit mark 

Company Membership Rs.5,000/- + 18% GST ARAI Member Rs.15,000/- + 18% GST Rs.25,000/- (3 membership cards) Companies Educational / Research Rs.3,000/- + 18% GST Other Companies Rs.30,000/- + 18% GST Rs.50,000/- Institute Membership (3 membership cards) Individual Membership Rs.2,000/- + 18% GST Educational / Rs.20,000/- + 18% GST Rs.50,000/- (1 membership card) Research Institutes

I / we enclose Total payment of Rs. ______towards Annual Membership Fee drawn in favour of The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune by Demand Draft / Cheque No.______dated ______/ Cash (if hand delivered). Kindly arrange to issue necessary Membership Card.

Note: Kindly pay amount of Refundable Deposit by separate DD / Cheque / Bank Transfer.

Receipt No. & Date: Name & Designation : Organization Name : Address : Pin Code : Phone / Fax : E-mail : We have read the rules and hereby assure you that we will abide by all Rules & Regulations of ARAI Knowledge Centre while availing the facility. Date : Authorised Signature Company Seal Provide the designated person’s details as follow (applicable for Option-II only) :

Particulars Representative 1 Representative 2 1 Name 2 Designation 3 Department 4 Office Tel.No 5 Mobile No. 6 Email ID. 7 Specimen Signature 8 2 Photographs (Stamp Size) (attach with the form) (attach with the form)

Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2019 48 AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS ARAI ACADEMY

ARAI, over five decades, has provided its design and development expertise to the Indian automotive industry, focusing on the testing and evaluation of components and The ARAI Academy SUPRA Team “Sultanz of Speed” won 1st Prize in ENGINEERING DESIGN AWARD systems to meet national and international standards. ARAI Team Sultanz of Speed in SAEINDIA SUPRA 2011 and strives to achieve international recognition in these areas. In MoU with VelTech University for M.Tech 2nd Prize in CAE AWARD at SAEINDIA SUPRA 2011. keeping with the globalization of economy and business, (IC Engines & Automotive Electronics) ARAI continues to enlarge its scope of services to meet the requirements of automotive industries around the world. In addition to utilizing state-of-the-art technology, laboratories and highly-trained personnel, ARAI recognizes the need to develop a new generation of engineers to meet the demands of the automotive industry, not just in India but across the MoU with CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru for B.Tech (Automobile Engineering) DRONACHARYA AWARD as a Best Faculty Advisor globe. ARAI Academy which has completed 15 years on 10 at SUPRA SAEINDIA EVENT 2014 on 20th July 2014 at Madras Motor Race Track, Chennai. May 2019, is a Skill Development initiative of ARAI. It is classified into three divisions, viz Learning Centre, Training Centre and Knowledge Centre. Learning Centre has embarked upon a programme of building up human resources by commencing educational programme (Graduate, Post Graduate & Ph.D.) with specialization in Automotive Engineering. It has tied up with VIT University

(Vellore), VelTech University (Chennai), College of MoU with VIT University, Vellore for M.Tech (Automotive Engineering) GURU AWARD by SAEINDIA FOUNDATION at Engineering (Pune), and Christ University (Bengaluru). SAEINDIA Foundation Annual Award Function on th 30 July 2014 at New Delhi. Training Centre has devised various Proficiency Improvement Programmes (PIPs). It gives engineers, faculty and students knowledge and technical expertise in a wide range of automotive disciplines. It helps in understanding systems view point for automotive design and manufacture, with specific skills in formulating automotive engineering solution in terms of their function and performance, through MoU with College of Engineering Pune (CoEP) optional modules. Domain Training Programmes (DTPs), for M.Tech (Automotive Technology) "Quality Excellence Award for Teaching & Learning Practices" by 94.3 FM Network & STARS of the Industry Group at Mumbai where training is imparted at Custiomer's site are also becoming more popular. Academy is developing high quality e-learning modules called “ePIPs” on various Automobile Engineering subjects. These highly interactive eModules hosted on ARAI’s own Learning Management System (LMS) https://elearning.araiindia.com help users access these courses anytime & anywhere. With this, ARAI Academy has become global with 360 blended training approach. MoU with VelTech University for M.Tech in Industry Academia Skill Development Excellence Award by Automobile Engineering with specialization in Odser Charitable Trust in 2018 Knowledge Centres has collection of Powertrain Engineering / Electric & Hybrid Vehicles. books & standards, technical papers and numerous journals, technical reports and seminar / conference proceedings. It publishes monthly magazine “Automotive Abstracts”.

Please visit https://araiindia.com & 2011 2016 2nd Prize in “WEAVING SYNERGIES SPOT https://academy.araiindia.com THE INNOVATION” Engineering Placement Student Contestat Auto-Expo 2018 in New Delhi for more information

Best Learning Centre Award to Library Quiz Winners PIP on "Engine Testing and Certification" PIP on "Advanced Automoitve Engineering" ARAI Academy & Knowledge Centre By ISTD at VelTech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), 2015 R&D Institute of Science and Technology, 2019 The Automotive Research Association of India E-mail: [email protected] l Website: www.araiindia.com

ARAI - Kothrud, Pune The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) established in 1966, is a co-operative industrial research association of the automotive industry with the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India. ARAI has been playing a crucial role assuring safe, less polluting and more efficient vehicles. ARAI provides technical expertise in R&D, testing, certification, homologation and framing of vehicular regulations. It works in harmony and complete confidence with its members, customers and the Government, to offer its finest services. ISO 9001 : 2015 ISO 14001 : 2015 ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013 OHSAS 18001 : 2007 ARAI is well-equipped with state-of-the art infrastructural facilities and highly qualified and trained manpower is its main strength. It has increased activities globally while continuing to offer the finest service to its clients. It has test facilities at Kothrud & Chakan. ARAI, Kothrud, Pune Automotive Electronics, Calibration, Computer Aided Engineering, Emission Certification, Environment Research, Homologation & Management, Inspection & Maintenance Project Cell, Noise Vibration & Harshness, Passive Safety, Powertrain Engineering, Safety & Homologation, Structural Dynamics, Technology Group, Vehicle Evaluation ISO/ IEC 17025 : 2005 ISO/ IEC 17025 : 2005 Service Division: ARAI - HTC, Chakan n Business Development & Corporate Planning n Information & Technology Management n Infrastructure Development n Central Maintenance Cell n Prototype Manufacturing n Quality Management n Knowledge Centre n Metrology ARAI-HTC, Chakan, Pune ISO 9001 : 2015 ISO 14001 : 2015 ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013 OHSAS 18001 : 2007 n Centre of Excellence - PowerTrain, Passive Safety n Centre of Excellence - Fatigue & Material ARAI - FID, Chakan n Centre of Excellence - E-Mobility n Transmission & Gear Test Centre ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune n Academy l Learning Centre (LC) l Training Centre (TC) l Knowledge Centre (KC) n Forging and Heat Treatment Research n Automotive Engineering Lab ISO 9001 : 2015 ISO 14001 : 2015 ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013 OHSAS 18001 : 2007 n Electronics / EMC Lab n Calibration Lab n I.C. Engine Lab The Automotive Research Association of India (Research Institution of the Automotive Industry with the Ministry of Heavy Industries n Simulation Lab & Public Enterprises, Govt. of India) n NVH Lab Postal Address : P. B. No. 832, Pune - 411 004, INDIA n CAE Lab

ARAI Registered Office ARAI Homologation & Technology Centre (HTC) ARAI Forging Industry Division (FID)

Survey No. 102, Vetal Hill, Off Paud Road, Plot No. E1/1, MIDC, Chakan Phase - III, B-16/1, MIDC, Chakan, Pune - 410 501, India Kothrud, Pune - 411 038, INDIA Pune - 410 501, India Tel. No. - +91-2135-259 042 Tel. : +91-20-3023 1111, Fax : +91-20-30231104 Tel. No.: +91-2135-396 900 Fax: +91-20-3023 1104 Fax: +91- 20-3023 1104