THE CONSERVATION and ENHANCEMENT of BUILT and LANDSCAPE HERITAGE a New Life for the Ghost Village of Mondonico on Lake Como
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THE CONSERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF BUILT AND LANDSCAPE HERITAGE A NEW LIFE FOR THE GHOST VILLAGE OF MONDONICO ON LAKE COMO Edited by Elisabetta Rosina & Lionella Scazzosi The conservation and enhancement of built and landscape heritage. A new life for the ghost village of Mondonico on Lake Como Editors Elisabetta Rosina & Lionella Scazzosi Authors (alphabetical order) Mattia Alberganti, Francesca Andrulli, Tiziana Bardi, Chiara Bonaiti, Paola Branduini, Simone Freni, Gül Köksal, Raffaella Laviscio, Andrea L’Erario, Laura Elisabetta Malighetti, Domenico Palezzato, Roberto Pozzi, Elisabetta Rosina, Lionella Scazzosi, Alessia Silvetti Graphic design and layout Andrea L’Erario Acknowledgements Matthildi Apostolou, Letizia Bernasconi, Micol Borsa, Simonetta Corbella, Davide Cucchi, Martino D’Alberto, Elke Di Flumeri, Silvia Erba, Hao Gu, Valentina Iobizzi, Julie Musial, Domenico Palezzato (Italia Nostra), Jonathan Spodek, Gi- anpietro Tengattini, Francesco Carlo Toso Scientific certification of the book: scholars of not Italian Universities reviewed the texts of the book. ISBN 978-88-6493-039-8 The reproduction of historical documents of the National Archive of Como is authorized, January 2017 © Copyright of the Authors Published by: PoliScript, 2018 - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 - 20133 Milano, Italy THE CONSERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF BUILT AND LANDSCAPE HERITAGE A NEW LIFE FOR THE GHOST VILLAGE OF MONDONICO ON LAKE COMO Edited by Elisabetta Rosina & Lionella Scazzosi Index Preface 9 Reading the landscape. The experience of 67 Elisabetta Rosina Mondonico Raffaella Laviscio Presentation 13 Domenico Palezzato, Italia Nostra The ‘landscape system’ of Dorio/Mondonico 79 short transhumance Lionella Scazzosi, Raffaella Laviscio, Andrea L’Erario THE HISTORICAL LANDSCAPES AND 17 SETTLEMENTS: FUNDAMENTALS OF Recognizing the cultural value of Mondonico: 93 THE ANALYSIS a historical analysis for the reading of landscape Andrea L’Erario THE LANDSCAPE 18 THE SETTLEMENT 104 Landscapes as systems of tangible and 19 intangible relationships. Small theoretical Identification of the ancient centres of Mondo- 105 and methodological introduction to read nico and Dorio since the 18th century through and evaluate Rural Landscape as Heritage comparison of historic property registers Lionella Scazzosi Elisabetta Rosina ICOMOS-IFLA Principles concerning Rural 41 Comparison between the owners of Dorio 114 Landscapes as Heritage and Mondonico urban blocks listed in the historic property registers From Universal to Local: safeguarding and 49 Alessia Silvetti sustaining the built vernacular heritage Gül Köksal The assessment and documentation of the 129 material characteristics of the Mondonico Knowledge of rural landscape systems: an 55 village international proposal of a classification Laura Elisabetta Malighetti Raffaella Laviscio 7 Saint George church in Mondonico 139 THE SETTLEMENT 208 Alessia Silvetti, Roberto Pozzi Towards new uses of Mondonico 209 Degradation analysis and conservation 145 Elisabetta Rosina work on Saint George church in Mondonico Mattia Alberganti, Francesca Andrulli, Chiara Strategies and methodologies for the rege- 223 Bonaiti, Simone Freni neration of small historical town centres: the Mondonico case study Laura Elisabetta Malighetti CONSERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF 167 Proposal of the new use in Mondonico village 233 THE VILLAGE AND THE LANDSCAPE as scattered hotel Laura Elisabetta Malighetti THE LANDSCAPE 168 Project of an agroforestry campus for the 247 Landscape quality objectives: from analyses 169 revival of the village and the territory to design Mattia Alberganti, Francesca Andrulli, Chiara Tiziana Bardi, Andrea L’Erario Bonaiti, Simone Freni Mondonico’s landscape quality objectives 176 Tiziana Bardi, Andrea L’Erario HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION 255 Guidelines for preservation of a landscape 179 The archival research, selection, transcrip- 257 system. A handbook for the historic alpine tion and collection of the historic documents village of Mondonico Alessia Silvetti Paola Branduini Table of the land division from property regi- 259 The degradation of a dry-stone wall and 192 reparing steps sters of Theresian Cadastre (prima stazione) Paola Branduini Alessia Silvetti Imagining the Mondonico of Tomorrow: pro- 197 Catalogued documents 265 posal of a ‘Community Diffused Museum’ for Edited by Alessia Silvetti landscape conservation and enhancement Tiziana Bardi, Andrea L’Erario 8 Preface Elisabetta Rosina “Heritage is what we are passed from past genera- The above reported initial considerations of the re- tions and have the opportunity to pass to future gen- view presented by Bennink at the international PPC erations. Both cultural and natural heritage do not Conference in 2014 assess the current broadening remain protected without societal efforts. Therefore, of the research on Cultural Heritage. The literature re- effort need to be made to ensure its conservation view presents also the gaps of global oriented metho- for future generations. […] It is considered that con- dologies and tools for prevention and maintenance. servation outcomes might improve when natural and The aim of the book is to present an improvement to cultural heritage experts work more together […] the overcome the limits of leading sectorial researches. past decades have seen cultural and natural heritage The analysis and enhancement of complex systems theory being explored together.” as heritage in historic landscape necessarily require a synthesis of the multidisciplinary approach so often (Bennink et al, 2014) evoked in theory, whilst so seldom displayed on real study cases. Therefore, the authors proposal consists on merging different scales and levels of the analysis tools and especially the criteria for the multiscale revi- talization of neglected spread historic fabric (both of rural and urban settlements) in remarkable landscape. The authors display the proper disciplinary methods in the first part of the book (“The historical landscapes and settlements: fundamentals of the analysis”) and decline it on a common case study, for testing the ro- bustness of theories in the cultural clash of different ap- proaches. All the contributions are useful in themsel- ves, and acquire more value thanks to the common convergence to overcome their local application that 9 could appear focusing on Mondonico village. analysis led on Mondonico case study. They support The study case is Mondonico village, an outstanding the discussion of guidelines for intervention and the remain of the recent past in Lecco lake area. Its unicity projects. The scale of the analysis is multiple, from the consists in many features, typical of 18th-19th century the territorial one to the building one (the church, as villages in the mountain, that keep intact after almost an example of a representative building). The analysis 70 years of partial neglect. The relationships between methodology is the content of specific contributions, the ancient center and the surrounding breathtaking as well as the results and their discussion that support landscape (natural and built) are still mostly percei- the following phase of the study. vable, despite the unconscious, rushed appreciation of few tourists passing by. The local community, living The second part of the book deals with Mondonico in Dorio since early 20th century, still refers to the old conservation and enhancement (“Conservation and village for few agricultural activities on the mountain enhancement of the village and the landscape”). slope and for the cultural/religious reasons due to the The information, including the data related to the po- presence of the old church, still in function. Neverthe- pulation, current uses of the buildings and paths, ex- less, the pressure of exploitation for new construction pectation of the inhabitants, etc. came under a further of the surrounding landscape is rapidly increasing, step of analysis, the SWOT analysis. due to the exceptional view on the lake and mountains SWOT analysis served as catalyst filter to combine the and the improvement of the existing facilities/connec- different data into the threat and opportunity for the tion with the lakeshore. As an example, a recent stock valorization of the site, the strong potentiality to hinge of in line hosing, with brilliant colors and contempora- on and the weakness to mitigate in the project for new ry features, rises at half slope, along the paved road uses and the most aware conservation plan. from Dorio to Mondonico. The isolation of the village The introduction to the project of conservation and constitutes both a threat for the conservation for the new uses refers to the update, commonly accepted maintenance of the rural historic characteristics of the criteria at the base of the present debate on resto- settlement and an opportunity for enhancing it, due to ration and conservation, and underline the possible the possibility to beckon new attention and investment common field between the different disciplines for im- for the revitalization. The authors of the book focused proving the quality of the existing architecture. on the study for the conservation and enhancement Despite of the differences of the intervention on the of the landscape and village with the aim to refine existing historic buildings of restoration, conservation and display the methodological tools for the analysis and refurbishment, the authors achieved a multidisci- and project. In fact, the book gathers the contribution plinary methodology