Description of a New Species of Elytrurus and a Catalogue of the Known Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Otiorhynchinae)

ELWOOD C. ZIMMERMAN1

SIR GUY MARSHALL has asked me to describe to those of Elytrurus (see Fig. 1). In no island, a new species of Elytrurus which was col­ however, do both genera occur together, and lected on Niue Island by A. C. Gerlach and the reason for the unusual distributions of the sent to the Commonwealth Institute of En­ two groups has not yet been discovered. The tomology for identification by W. Cottier, eastern-most species of Elytrurus occur in Department of Scientific and Industrial Re­ Samoa, and the Samoan forms are the most search, New Zealand. I am pleased to de­ divergent of the genus. I have collected sev­ scribe the new species, because it is the first eral thousand specimens of the two genera, to be found on the island of Niue,and it and they appear to be counterparts. The eggs thus fills another gap in the knowledge of of Rhyncogonus are deposited on leaves, and the distribution of this interesting genus of the young larvae drop to the ground to make broad-nosed weevils. Niue (lat. 19 0 02' S, their way to the roots of plants where they long. 1690 55' W) lies south of Samoa, and feed. I presume that Elytrurus has similar Vavau, Tonga, which is about 240 miles to habits, but I did not search for their early the west, is the nearest island. Niue is an stages during my expeditions to Samoa and emerged coral island which rises somewhat Fiji. more than 200 feet above sea level. The flora The new species and Elytrurus cinctus Bois­ is quite varied for a small coral island, and duval, to which it is most closely allied, share considerable areas of forest remain. It is un­ the character of reduction in the development fortunate that so little is known about the of the bevel of the corbel of the hind tibia, insect fauna of the island. a tendency toward the formation found in With this new species it is appropriate to Rhyncogonus. In Rhyncogonus the bevel is ob­ present a catalogue of Elytrurus and append solete, and this character has been found some notes on the geographical distribution useful in separating the two genera. However, of the genus and its relationship to Rhyn­ it has not been pointed out that there is much cogonus. In the Pacific east of Samoa, Elytrurus variation in the development of the corbel in is replaced by the genus Rhyncogonus the ap­ Elytrurus, and without an expert knowledge pearance and habits of whiGh are very similar of the formation of the bevel in these genera, one might easily be led astray. In its most

1 This research was completed at the British Museum highly developed form the bevel is a prom­ (Natural History) during the tenure of a United States inently differentiated, shiny area set off ob­ National Science Foundation grant, and this paper is a tangent contribution to the project "Insects of Hawaii." liquely or angulately from the outer face of Manuscript received August 23, 1955. the tibia, and entirely surrounded on the inner

286

j~, •• , ".' Elytrurus - ZIMMERMAN 287

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FIG. 1. Map showing the distribution of the genera ElytruruJ ("E") and RhyncogonuJ ("R").

(tarsal) and outer (ectal face) sides by a dense The adult weevils feed upon the leaves of palisade of stiff spines. In many species of plants, and many species are abundant and ElytrufUs, including the new ~pecies and voracious feeders. Plants such as Piper are cinetus, the outer row of bristles has been frequently heavily attacked. It is possible that almost entirely lost. In Rhyneogonus there is some species may become pests in areas where no trace of the outer palisade of bristles, and cultivated crops are grown adjacent to native at most only the faintest indication of an forests or in clearings in the forest. One spe­ area which might be interpreted as an indica­ cies, griseus, has become very widespread in tion of the remnant of a bevel can be dis­ the Fijian islands, evidently through the aid tinguished in some species. The eyes of of man. Should certain of the species be ElytrufUs are larger and Batter than those of carried to other regions and become estab­ Rhyneogonus. Many species of Rhyneogonus have lished some damage to economic crops might strongly protuberant eyes. occur. The larvae are, as noted above, pre­ Marshall (1938: 71 ) noted of Elytrurus that sumed to feed underground at the roots of "An exceptional type of dimorphism is to be plants. found in the first segment of the hind tarsi : The described species of Elytrurus are dis­ in the male this segment is clothed beneath tributed from west to east as follows: with soft hairs; but in the female its inner edge on the basal half is set with stiff spines, SOLOMONS-1 species which are sometimes bare and sometimes hid­ anensts den by hairs. " This statement appears to apply only to certain species, and it is not character­ SANTA CRuz-1 species istic of the genus as a whole. lapeyrousei 288 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. X, July, 1956

NEW HEBRIDES-14 forms Elytrurus lliuei Zimmerman, new species alatus mawlieollis Figs. 2- 4 marginatus ambrymensis COLOR: derm mostly reddish brown, venter risbeci aobae mostly darker to nearly black; vestiture mostly eaudatus rustieus creamy white, but with iridescent scales (evi­ santieolus eaudatus erromangoi dently subject to fading) more abundant on tannae eonvexus lower surface; scaling denser and more con­ tannae erromangoana divarieatus spicuous on dorsum of female than male, in FIJI-23 forms latter sex the scales form a pale vitta on sides matukuanus aeutieauda from anterior margin of pronotum to apex moalensis bryani of elytra. eervinus obtusatus durvillei painei STRUCTURE: Head with sides, as viewed evansi prasinus from above, nearly evenly arcuate from pro­ expansus protensus notum to apices of eyes, eyes not obviously foreipatus simmondsi interrupting this contour; breadth at hind granatus smaragdus margins of eyes distinctly greater than length greenwoodi subangulatus from pronotum to anterior edge of an eye griseus subtritus (1.75:1.2); length, measured from side, from griseus taveuni subvittatus pronotum to anterior edge of eye equal to leveri distance between fore edge of eye and base TONGA-1 species of mandible; distance between pronotum and einetus eye equal to length of eye; narrowest frontal NIUE-1 species interocular distance only a little more than niuei one-half the breadth between hind margins SAMOA-3 forms of eyes (10:18); interocular area with a con­ bieolor samoensis setiventris spicuous median pit which marks the ter­ samoensls mination of the raised median line or median

FI::;. 2. Elytrurus nittJi, new species, holorype male.

'I. . ' . 1 Elytrurus - ZIMMERMAN 289

FIG. 3. Elytrurus niuei, new species, allotype female.

carina from pit to epistome; crown and front setiform scales, which are more squamiform with shallow punctures of medium size inter­ on dorsal edge, and longer, decumbent setae, spersed with some minute punctures, most apex not quite reaching as far back as an­ of the larger punctures bearing conspicuous, terior one-fourth of side of pronotum, sub­ decumbent setae which are directed toward equal in length to the seven funicular seg­ the midpoint of the crown; scales oval, dens­ ments combined; funiculus with vestiture less est along upper margins of eyes, rather densely dense and finer than scape, lengths of seg­ continued ventrad to bare median gular sutural ments as follows: 1- 20, 2-22, 3-12, 4-11, line. 5- 10, 6- 10, 7-10; club as long as preceding Rostrum with greatest preapical breadth sub­ four funicular segments together, lengths of equal to length from fore edge of eye to apex segments: 1- 15, 2-12, 3-15, greatest thick­ of mandible, longitudinal dorsal contour ness of segment two 12 (these measurements flattened from just behind interocular pit; with micrometer reading 40 units to one sides beneath scrobes continuously squamose millimeter) . with sides of head and with numerous, con­ Pronotum obviously transverse (28:20), spicuous, slanting, erect setae; dorsum im­ broadest at or just behind middle, anterior pressed on either side of median line which margin broadly, shallowly emarginate, pos­ is consequently elevated as a median carina terior margin weakly convex; longitudinal whose development is variable and may be median contour only slightly arcuate; disc conspicuous or obscure, punctate, squamose punctate-granulate, the punctures on the pos­ and setose as head; epistome rather densely terior sides of the granules bearing fine, de­ set with mostly small punctures, setose only curved setae mostly directed obliquely back­ at sides and without squamae; mentum not ward toward median line; scales on disc setose, with a peduncle about one-fourth to smaller and sparser than on sides, not.covering one-third as long as median length of mentum. the granules which protrude and are moder­ Antennae with scape comparatively densely ately shiny; squamae larger, denser, imbricated clothed with prostrate, narrow, mostly almost on side margins.

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in length to transverse diameter of a meso­ coxa, disc tending to be transversely strigate, squamae there smaller and much sparser than on sides where they are dense but interrupted by rather large setigerous punctures; mete­ pisternum squamose and setose. Legs squamose and setose, femora more densely squamose than tibiae, but scales not imbricated and not forming patches on outer or dorsal sides; posterior femora extending to

FIG. 4. Aedeagus of Elytrurus niuei, new species; beyond base of fifth ventrite; legs similar in upper figure, lateral aspect; lower figure, dorsal aspect the two sexes, anterior tibiae not modified in of distal part; total length of each'scale line is 1.0 mm. male; mucrones small on all tibiae; all tibiae with a row of heavy, stiff spines along inner Scutellum broadly protuberant, disc not edge in addition to the long stiff setae; corbels punctured, not squamose, not setose, rather of hind tibiae with the bevel considerably shiny, very finely alutaceous. reduced and tending toward obsolescence, Elytra as illustrated, a little more than three without a sharp upper line marking the upper times as long as pronotum, apices only shortly (outer) edge of the bevel and without the row and moderately divaricate; apical processes of stiff spines or heavy bristles along the upper reduced to low bosses which hardly project margin as is found on many species of the behind apex; sides not evenly arcuate into genus, although the main (lower, or inner) base, but humeri rather straightly oblique; row of spines separating the bevel from the striae not impressed between the rows of corbel proper is well developed and normal. moderately sized strial punctures which are Venter with puncturation moderate, with separated from each other on disc about the numerous slanting setae on all ventrites; with diameter of a puncture or slightly farther, the scales larger, denser and more corispicuous on punctures bearing from their anterior ends sides of segments, those on discs of ventrites decumbent squamiform setae; intervals flat, one to four narrow and becoming setiform about two or three times as broad as strial caudad, a wide patch of scales on sides of punctures, each bearing a row of small gran­ ventrite four in male, but only a few scales ules from the posterior ends of which arise there in female ; ventrite five with only a few decurved setae; squamae oval, not imbricated broad scales at sides at base in male, but on disc, even on females which have denser apical two-thirds of disc of female clothed scaling, squamae denser and with consider­ with broad and narrow Ian ceo late scales; with able imbrication on epipleurae. the first ventrite about as long along median Sternum squamose and setose; prosternum line as ventrite two plus three, rather similar with posterior median process strongly pro­ in the two sexes; ventrite two as long as three tuberant; mesosternum with intercoxal proc­ plus four plus about one-half of four again; ess bluntly subtriangular, apex less than ventrite five broadly U-shaped, two-thirds as one-third as broad as breadth of coxa, densely long as wide and more than one-fifth shorter squamose, exocoxal area conspicuously more than ventrite one in male, V-shaped, only a densely squamose than episternum, squamae little shorter than wide and as long as ven­ strongly imbricated, scales on episternum trite one in female, also in the female it is bare separated, those on epimeron smaller and less in about basal one-third, this bare area has a numerous; metasternum at the shortest dis­ sublateral groove on either side from base to tance between mid and hind coxae subequal squamose zone.

'-"/ ,> ")" T Elytrttrus - ZIMMERMAN 291

LENGTH (including head and rostrum): The following species have been described male, 10- 10.5 mm.; female, 12-12.5 mm. in Elytrurus or Elytrogonus but are synonyms Breadth: male, 4.25-4.5; female: 5.25. or have been transferred to other genera: Holotype male and allotype female, de­ Elytrurus Angulatus Waterhouse is a synonym posited in the British Museum (Natural His­ of Elytrurus expansus Waterhouse. tory), one male and one female paratype Elytrurus bivittatus Marshall is a synonym of collected by A. C. Gerlach "ex coconut tree" Elytrurus bicolor Marshall. at Fonuakula, Niue Island, in 1953. Elytrogonus coquereli Fairmaire is a Rhyncogonus. This species most closely resembles Ely­ Elytrurus dentipennis Fairmaire is a synonym of trums cinctus Boisduval from Tonga, and it Elytrurus caudatus Pascoe. appears to have been derived from it. Ely­ Elytrogonus griseus Montrouzier is an Ano­ trurus cinctus is a larger, mostly black-bodied malodermus. species with the dorsum conspicuously clothed Elytrurus horizontalis Fairmaire is a synonym with green or coppery scales and with a of Elytrurus subvittatus Pascoe. broader, much more conspicuous lateral pale Elytrogonus otiorhynchoides Fairmaire is a Rhyn­ band. The pit between the eyes is a deep hole cogonus. on niuei, but it is shallow or obsolete on · Elytrurus (?) papuanus Heller is a Hellerhinus. cinctus. The side of the rostrum beneath the Elytrurus serrulatus Waterhouse is a synonym scrobe is densely and conspicuously squamose of Elytrurus rusticus Pascoe. in niuei (and also setose), but in cinctus it is Elytrurus squamatus Rainbow is a synonym of only setose. The eyes are somewhat flatter in Trigonops insularis (Boheman). niuei and do not interrupt the lateral outline of Elytrurus vanikorae Heller is a synonym of the head as much as they do in cinctus. The an­ Elytrurus lapeyrousei Boisduval. terior margin of the pronotum is not emar­ ginate in cinctt(J as it is in niuei. The fifth CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES ventrite of the female ofcinctus has the scales reduced to setae or there are a few narrowly 1. acuticauda Fairmaire (1879: 46; 1880: lanceolate scales, but on niuei there are ob­ 208); Marshall (1938: 90, fig. 14); Paul­ viously numerous broader ovoid or broader ian (1945, fig. 55). lanceolate scales. Elytrogonus acuticauda (Fairmaire) Lona (1937: 302). ELYTRURUS Boisduval Fiji: Taveuni. 2. alatus Saunders and Jekel (1855: 290, pl. Elytrurus Boisduval, 1835: 400. Schoenherr, 15, fig. 1); Lacordaire (1863: 148) ; Mar­ 1843: 238. Lacordaire, 1863: 147. Faust, shall (1938: 90). 1897: 230. Elytrogonus alatus (Saunders and Jekel) Elytrogonus Guerin-Meneville, 1841: 126. La­ Lona (1937 : 302). cordaire, 1863: 148. Faust, 1897: 231. Lona, New Hebrides: Futuna. 1937: 302 . In Coleopterorum Catalogus, the locality is Synonymy by Marshall, 1938: 71. Lana, given as Lord Howe Island, but this Futuna 1937: 302, catalogue. Lona incorrectly should not be copfused with the Lord Howe credited Elytrurus to Schoenherr and incor­ Island between Australia and New Zealand rectly listed it as a synonym of Elytrogonus. or Ontong Java ("Lord Howe") or Futuna, Marshall, 1938: 69, revision and key. Paul­ Horne Islands west of Samoa. ian, 1945: 193, discussion and key.Type of the genus: Elytrurus lapeyrousei Boisduval, 3. aobae Paulian (1945: 199, figs. 46, 47). 1835: 400. Cited by Schoenherr, 1843: 239. New Hebrides: Omba (aba, Aoba) . 292 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. X, July, 1956

4. ambrymensis Marshall (1938: 81); Paul­ which bear incorrect locality labels. Boisduval ian (1945, figs . 43, 66). originally stated erroneously that it came New Hebrides: Ambrim (Ambrym). from Vanikoro (Santa Cruz Islands). In Cole­ 5. anensis Marshall (1938: 82). opterorum Catalogus, the localities "Neue Solomons: Santa Ana. Hebriden, Vanikor, Tanga" (all in error) are 6. bicolor Marshall (1921: 588; 1931: 260, given. Paulian (1945: 197) records it from fig. 3; 1938: 76). Fiji in error. Fairmaire (1880: 211) pointed Elytrogonus bicolor (Marshall) Lona (1937: out the errors in locality and gave the true 302). locality as Tonga. Numerous specimens, all Elytrurus bivittatus Marshall (1921: 588); from Tonga, have been seen. synonymy by Marshall (1931: 260). 12. convexus Paulian (1945: 201, fig. 35) . Samoa: Tutuila, Upolu, Savaii. Type lo­ New Hebrides: Espiritu Santo. cality cited only as "Samoan Islands." 13. divaricatus Waterhouse (1877: 10); Fair­ 7. bryani Marshall (1938: 84, fig. 7) . maire (1880: 212); Marshall (1938: 82); Fiji: Naiau. Paulian (1945, fig. 53). 8. caudatus Pascoe (1870: 471, pI. 18, fig. Elytrogonus divaricatus (Waterhouse) Lona 5); Fairmaire (1880: 209); Marshall (1937: 302). (1938: 89, fig. 13); Paulian (1945, fig. New Hebrides: Ambrim (Ambrym), 61). Efate (Vati, type locality). Elytrogonus caudatus (Pascoe) Lona (1937: 14. durvillei Blanchard (1853: 221); Fair­ 302). maire (1880: 210); Lacordaire (1863: Elytrurus dentipennis Fairmaire (1879: 46; 148); Marshall (1938: 93); Pauli an 1880: 209); synonymy by Marshall (1945, figs. 48, 69 ). (1938: 89). Elytrogonus Durvillei (Blanchard) Lona Elytrogonus dentipennis (Fairmaire) Lona (1937: 303). (1937: 302). Fiji: Vanua Levu. New Hebrides: Tana (Tanna). Erroneously listed in Coleopterorum Catalogus This species has erroneously been recorded from "Labouka" (error for Levuka, Ovalau). from Fiji by Fairmaire (1879: 46; 1880: 209) and others. 15. evansi Marshall (1938: 82, fig. 6) . 9. caudatus erromangoi Paulian (1945: Fiji: Taveuni. 196, figs. 49, 61, 62). 16. expansus Waterhouse (1877: 8); Fair­ New Hebrides: Eromanga (Errormango) . maire (1880: 207); Marshall (1938: 90, The status of this form requires further figs . 15, 16). study; it may be a species. Elytrogonus expansus (Waterhouse) Lana 10. cervi nus Marshall (1938: 76, fig. 1). (1937: 303). Fiji: Ovalau. Elytrurus angulatus Waterhouse (1877: 8); 11. cinctus Boisduval (1835: 401); Bohe­ synonymy by Fairmaire (1880: 208). man (1843: 240); Fairmaire (1849: 511; Fiji: Ovalau (type locality), Viti Levu. 1880: 211); Lacordaire (1863: 148); In Coleopterorum Catalogus, Ovalau is mis­ Marshall (1938: 80); Paulian (1945: 197, spelled Ovalan. figs. 39, 58). 17. forcipatus Marshall (1938: 85, fig. 8). Elytrogonus cinctus (Boisduval) Lona (1937: Fiji: Tuvutha (Lau Group). 302). 18. granatus Fairmaire (1879: 46 [misprinted Tonga: Neiafu (Vavau Group), Vavau, in Marshall as p. 116]; 1880: 210); Tongatabu. Marshall (1938: 93); Paulian (1945, figs . Specimens have been seen in collections 67,68).

"., I - ,,,, ~ •..,,, '" .," . , .~,~~~~ ~ r" Elytrurus - Z IMMERMAN 293

Elytrogonus granatus (Fairmaire) Lona Paulian (1945: 195, footnote, fig. 38; (1937: 303). this species?). Fiji: Taveuni (possible type locality), Viti Elytrogonus vanikorae (Heller) Lona (1937: Levu. 304). . 19. greenwoodi Marshall (1938: 94, figs. Santa Cruz Islands: Vanikoro. 20,21). Type of the genus. Fiji: Viti Levu. 23. leveri Marshall (1938: 92) . 20. griseus (Guerin -Meneville). Fiji: Vanua Levu. Elytrogonus griseus Guerin-Meneville 24. maculicollis Heller (1916: 358); Mar­ (1841: 126; type of Elytrogonus); Blan­ shall (1938: 82); Paulian (1945: 196, chard (1853: 237, pi. 15 , figs. 1, 2); figs . 41, 42, 44, 45, 63 ). Lacordaire (1863: 149); Fairmaire Elytrogonus maculicollis (Heller) Lona (1881: 293); Lona (1937: 303). (1937: 303). New Hebrides: Epi (type locality), Ma­ Elytrurus griseus (Guerin-Meneville) Mar­ lekula. shall (1938: 78). 25. marginatus Saunders and Jekel (1855: Fiji: Matuka, Moala, Ovalau, Taveuni, 291, pi. 15, fig. 2); Lacordaire (1863: Totoya, Vanua Levu, Viti Levu, Wa~ 148); Marshall (1938: 86) ; Paulian kaya. Lau Group: Avea, Kambara, (1945, fi g. 54) . . Kanathea, Katafanga, Komo, Lakem­ Elytrogonus marginatus (Saunders and Jek- ba, Mango,Mothe, Naiau, Namuka, el) Lona (1937 : 303). Oneata, Thithia, Tuvutha, Vanua New Hebrides: Aneityum (Aneiteum), Mbalavu, Vanuavatu. Eromanga. In the original description the type locality In Coleopterorum Catalogus it is erroneously was erroneously stated to have been Triton listed from "Lord Howe." The exact type i~ Bay, New Guinea, but the species Fijian. locality is unknown. Marshall misspelled Totoya as Totova, and 26. matukuanus Marshall (1938: 79). Oneata as Onesta. Fiji: Matuku. It is interesting that this one species should 27 . moalensis Marshall (1938: 87). have become so widespread through the is­ Fiji : Moala. lands, whereas most of rhe other species have 28 . niuei Zimmerman, new species. restricted distributions. It is the commonest Niue Island. species of Elytrurus, and its habits appear to 29. obtusatus (Fairmaire). have contributed to its distribution by the aid Elytrogonus obtusatus Fairmaire (1881: 293) ; of man. It may at times become a minor pest. Lona (1937: 303). 21. griseus taveuni Marshall (1938: 78, as Elytrurus obtusatus (Fairmaire) Marshall subspecies of griseus). (1938 : 78); Paulian (1945: fig. 64). Fiji: Taveuni. Fiji: Viti Levu. 22 . lapeyrousei Boisduval (1835: 400); La­ 30. painei Marshall (1938: 80, figs. 4, 5). cordaire (1863: 148); Marshall (1938: Fiji: Mbengga. 88); Paulian (1945: 196, fi g . 57). 31. prasinus Marshall (1938:87, figs . 10, Elytrurus Lapeirousei Boisduval, Boheman, 11). in Schoenherr (1843: 239). Fiji: Kandavu. Elytrogonus · Lapeyrousei (Boisduval) Lona 32. protensus Marshall (1938: 93, fig. 19 ). (1937: 303) . Fiji: Viti Levu. Elytrurus vanikorae Heller (1935 : 269); 33. risbeci Marshall (1937: 39; 1938: 80, synonymy by Marshall (1938: 88); fig. 3); Risbec (1937: 157, pi. 1, fig. 13 ) ;

...!I4t«" 294 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. X, July, 1956

Pauli an (1945: 196, figs. 40, 56). 41. subtritus Marshall (1938: 92, fig. 18). Elytrogonus Risbeci (Marshall) Lona (1937: Fiji: Ovalau. 303). 42. subvittatus Pascoe (1881: 589); Fair­ New Hebrides: Efate (Vat e) . maire (1881: 291 ) ; Marshall (1938: 86). 34. rusticus Pascoe (1881: 589); Fairmaire Elytrogonus subvittatus (Pascoe) Lona (1937: (1881: 292); Marshall (1938: 80); Paulian 303). (1945, fig. 70). Elytrurus horizontalis Fairmaire (1881: Elytrogonus rtlstictls (Pascoe) Lona (1937: 291 ); synony~y by Marshall (1938: 303). 86). Elytrurus serrulattls Waterhouse (1897: Elytrogontts horizontalis (Fairmaire) Lona 10); Fairmaire (1880: 212); synonymy (1937 : 303). by Marshall (1938 : 80). Fiji: Oval au, Ngau (exact type locality Elytrogonus serrulatus (Waterhouse) Lona not known, but probably Ovalau). (1937: 303). 43. tannae Paulian (1945: 197, fig. 51 ). New Hebrides: Aneityum ?, Efate (Vate, New Hebrides: Tana (Tanna). Vati) , Tana (Tanila). 44. tannae erromangoana Pauli an (1945 : Erroneously recorded by Fairmaire' (1881:. 198, fig. 52 ). 2)2) from Fiji, and the error iepeated in New Hebrides;. Eromanga (Erromango). Coleopterorum Catalogus. In Marshall (1938 : The status of this form requires study; it 80) delete the "1877" after Waterhouse. may be a species. 35. samoensis Marshall (1921: 587; 1938: 76). REFERENCES Elytrogonus samoensis (Marshall) Lona BLANCHARD, EMILE. 1853. Description des (1937: 303) . insectes. In: J. Dumont-D'Urville, Voyage Samoa (exact type locality not known). au Pole Sud et dans L'Oceanie ... L'Astrolabe 36. samoensis setiventris Marshall (1921 : et La Zelee . . . . Zoologie, vol. 4. 422 pp., 587, a variety). atlas. Gide et J. Baudry, Paris. Elytrogonus samoensis setiventris (Marshall) BOHEMAN, C. H. 1843. In Schoenherr, 1843, Lona (1937: 303). (see below). Samoa: Tutuila. BOISDUVAL, J. B. A. DE. 1835. Fauna ento­ Marshall did not mention this form in his mologique de l'O«:~an Pacifique, part 2, 'monograph of the Samoan Curculionidae Coleopteres . .. vol. 1. In: 1. Dumont­ (1931) or in his revision of Elytrttrus (1938 ). D'Urville, Voyage . . . de L'Astrolabe . ... 37. santicolus Marshall (1938: 77 ). vii + 716 pp. J. Tastu, Paris. New Hebrides: Espiriru-Santo. FAIRMAIRE, LEON. 1849. Essai sur les Cole­ 38. simmondsi Marshall (1938: 90, fig. 17). opteres de la Polynesie. Rev. et Mag. de Fiji: Viti Levu. Zool. II, 1: 504-516. 39. smaragdus Marshall ~1938: 88, fig. 12). --- 1879. Diagnons de CoIeopteres Aus­ Fiji: Kandavu. traliens et Polynesiens. Naturalist 1 (6): 46. 40. subangulatus (Fairmaire) . --- 1880. Note sur les Elytrurus des lIes Elytrogonus subangulatus Fairmaire (1883: Viti. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 41: 207-213. 34); Lona (1937: 303). --- 1881. Essai sur les Colepteres des lIes Elytrurus subangulatus (Fairmaire) Mar­ Viti (Fidji). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. VI, shall (1938: 79). 1: 223- 492. Fiji: Viti Levu. --- 1883. Essai sur les Coleopteres de Originally recorded in error from Duke of l'archipel de la Nouvelle Bretagne. Soc. Ent. York Island by Fairmaire. de Belg., Ann. 27 : 1-58.

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FAUST, J. 1897. Neue Gattungen und Arten --- 1938. On Elytrurus and an allied new in der Celeuthetiden-Gruppe. Stettin. Ent. genus. Roy. Ent. Soc., London, Trans. 87(3): Ztg. 58: 229-298. 69-101, figs. 1- 24. GUERIN-MEN'EVILLE, F. E. 1841. Description PASCOE, F. P. 1870. Contributions towards a de quelques coleopteres nouveux provenant knowledge of the Curculionidae, Part 1. de la Tasmanie, du port Otago (Nouvelle Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zoo!. '10(48) : 459- Zelande), d'Ensington-Bay (Australie sep­ 493, pIs. 18, 19. tentrionale), de Triton-Bay (Nouvelle­ --- 18~31 . Descriptions of Curculionidae. Guinee), et des lies Vavao, Salomon, Ter­ Part 1. Cistttla Ent. 2: 587-601. nate, Borneo, Aukland, etc. Rev. ' Zoo!. PAUUAN, RENAUD. 1945. Les Celeuthetides 1841: 120-128. des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Rev. Franf. d'Ent. HELLER, K. M. 1916. Die Kafer von Neu­ 11 (4) : 179-204, figs . 1-65. [This paper Caledonien und den benachbarten Insel­ must be used with caution; it contains gruppen. In: F. Sarasin and J. Roux. Nova numerous errors.] Caledonia. Zoologie. Vol. 2, pt. 3, pp. 229- RISBEC,J. 1937. Observations sur les parasites 364, 20 figs., 2 pIs. C. W. Kreidels, Wies­ des plantes cultivies aux Nouvelles-He­ baden. brides. Fatlne de Colon . Franf. 6(1) : 1-214, 272 figs., 2 pIs. - -- 1935. NeueKafer von den Santa-Cruz SAUNDERS, W . W., and H. JEKEL. 1855. De­ und Salomo-Inseln. Arb. uber Morph. u. scriptions de quelques Curculionites. Soc. Taxonom . Ent. 2(4) : 264- 272 . Ent. de France , Ann. III, 3: 289- 306, pl. 15. LACORDAIRE, TH. 1863. Histoire Naturelle des SCHOENHERR, C. J. 1843. Genera et species Insectes: Genera des Coleopteres . ... Vol. 6, Curculionidum . ... Vol. 7, pt. 2. 479 pp. 637 pp. Roret, Paris. Roget, Paris; Fleischer, Leipzig. LONA, C. 1937. Curculionidae: Otiorrhyn­ SHARP, DAVID. 1919. Studies in , Rhyncho­ chinae II. In: W. Junk and S. Schenkling, ph ora (Coleoptera) V. The genus Rhyn­ Coleopterorum Catalogus. Part 160. Pp. 229- cogonus. Hawaii. Ent. Soc., Proc. 4(1) : 77- 412. W. Junk 's-Gravenhage. 82, figs. 1-4. MARSHALL, G. A. K. 1921. On the Curcul­ SHARP, DAVID, and F. MUIR. 1912. The com­ ionidae of the Samoan Islands. Hawaii. Ent. parative anatomy of the male genital tube Soc" Proc. 4(3) : 585-600. in Coleoptera. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. - -- 1931. Curculionidae. In Insects of Sa­ 1912 : 477-642, pIs. 42- 78. moa 4(5): 249-346, 31 figs. British Museum WATERHOUSE, CHARLES. 1877. Descriptions (Natural History), London. of twenty new species of Coleoptera from ---1937. On Curculionidae from the New various localities. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. Hebrides. Rev. Franf. d'Ent. 4(1) : 39- 43 . 1877: 1-13.