Photography and Research in Austria
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Photography and Research in Austria Vienna, the Door to the European East Symposium 2001 Vienna European Society for the History of Photography Klinger ESHP Symposium Vienna 2001 European Society for the History of Photography European Society for the History of Photography Photography and Research in Austria – Vienna, the Door to the European East The proceedings of the Vienna Symposium Austrian National Library Vienna, 20 - 22 June 2001 Dietmar Klinger Verlag Cover: Entrance of the Austrian National Library, Heldenplatz, Vienna I (Photo: Eva Farnberger) Frontispiece: The delegates at the Austrian National Library, Vienna (Photo: Viktor Kabelka) The Symposium was organized by: Anna Auer, President of the ESHP Uwe Schögl, Project director, Austrian National Library German Library Cataloguing in Publishing Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the German Library Designed and produced by Theorie & Praxis – Dr. Winfried Helm and a.b PhotoDesign – Dionys Asenkerschbaumer © 2002 by Dietmar Klinger Verlag, Passau © Text: the contributors ISBN 3-932949-12-9 Printed in Germany Contents Preface . 9 Johanna Rachinger Inauguration Speech . 11 Milanka Todi´c Anastas Jovanovic´: Calotype Portraits and Cityscapes . 13 Károly Kincses A Photographer Without Limits . 21 Barbara Schaukal Sebastianutti & Benque – Five Photographers. Four Generations. Three Continents . 27 Antonín Dufek By 1918: Paths from and to Vienna . 37 Julie Jirec¡ková – The First Lady of Art Photography in Bohemia . 39 Eva Dahlman The Swedish Photographer Lewis Larsson and the American Colony Photographers . 45 Aleksander Bassin 150 Years of Photography in Slovenia . 51 András Török Resurrecting Budapest Photographer Manó Mai and his Studio/ Home . 57 Ulla Fischer-Westhauser Court Photographers – Photographers for the Court? . 69 Uwe Schögl Heinrich Kühn and the Autochromes . 79 5 Contents Thomas Freiler The Legacy of Josef Maria Eder in the Weinstadtmuseum Krems . 93 Monika Faber Inventing the Interdependency of Science and Art – Heinrich Schwarz’s early Writings . 99 Lena Johannesson Women Photographers – European Experiences 1845-22000 . 101 Duncan Forbes Wolfgang Suschitzky and the British Documentary Tradition in the 1930s . 107 Vladimír Birgus Jaroslav Rössler (1902-11990) . 119 Krystyna Bartnik Mieczys³aw Berman – A Master of Photomontage . 135 Margit Zuckriegl Václav Zykmund – A Czech Photographer anticipating Fluxus and Austrian Actionism? . 143 Nikolaus Schad Schadographs: The three photogram-pphases of Christian Schad . 153 Gino Viviani Generated Images – The Evolution of Images . 165 A. D. Coleman After Critical Mass, What? A State-oof-tthe-CCraft Report on Photography Criticism . 171 Johan Swinnen Word, Image and Meaning – The Challenge to the History of Photography in Times of Censoring . 185 6 Contents Anna Auer “Fotografie im Gespräch” – Conversations about Photography . 193 Appendix Anna Auer The Photographic Society founded 1861 in Vienna . 201 Laurent Roosens The history of a Society for History . 207 Contributors . 213 Photographic Credits . 219 How to become a Member of the ESHP . 221 7 Preface At the European Society for the History of Photography (ESHP) symposium held in Udine in 1999 (Photography in Italy) it was suggested that a future meeting be held in Vienna. During the symposium the following year in Bradford, England (Censor- ship of Photography in Europe) this proposal was generally accepted. Vienna was considered – for historical and practical reasons – to be a good place to gather. The first Photographic Society (PHG) in the German-speaking lands was founded in Vienna in 1861. Also, the first school of photography in Austria was established in Salzburg. In addition, in 1888 in Vienna, Josef Maria Eder founded and directed the first school for photography in Europe. Both institutions are still active. The proceedings of the meeting comprise in part a report about the development of the Photographic Society in Vienna. Last year, the considerable collection of about 60,000 photographs – started by the PHG in the early nineteenth century – passed from the Höhere Graphische Bundes- Lehr- und Versuchanstalt to the Graphische Sammlung Albertina. Here it is being catalogued and will eventually be made acces- sible on the internet. Further information about the activities of the PHG are report- ed in this volume. This book, Photography and Research in Austria - Vienna, the Door to the Euro- pean East contains twenty-three lectures presented by colleagues from Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moravia, Poland, Scandinavia, Serbia, Slo- vakia, Slovenia, Spain, the United Kingdom, the USA - and lastly from Austria. Across centuries, many of the above mentioned countries have enriched the cultural life of Austria; much of its multicultural environment has its roots in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The ESHP was founded in Antwerp in 1977 with the aim of bringing together out- standing scientists and historians to contribute to the history of photography. Its membership includes curators, sociologists, ethnologists, photographers and collec- tors. On the twentieth anniversary of the ESHP in Antwerp in 1998, Dr. Laurent Roo- sens summarized the intentions of the Society, which remain valid today. His talk has already been published in our Newsletter (Winter/Spring 1998). For new and future members, this speech is reported in the appendix to this volume. The meeting in Vienna was opened at the Austrian National Library in the beauti- ful baroque atmosphere of the Oratorium. It was introduced by the Director General, Dr. Johanna Rachinger, who referred to the photographic collection at the Austrian National Library. Her welcome to the audience was warm and gratefully accepted by the delegates. On the first day, the Curator of Photography at the Austrian National Library, Mag. Uwe Schögl, led a guided tour through the collection, where Dr. Hans 9 Preface Petschar, the computer specialist, showed the delegates the operation of the data system. An additional highlight was the evening reception at the Albertina where Dr. Mo- nika Faber, the Chief Curator of the photographic collection, presented the work in progress of the Austrian Photographic Biographical and Bibliographical Database 1839 - 1918. The management provided a rich and enjoyable buffet to the delegates. After completion of the restructuring of the Albertina building planned for April 2003, the collection will reopen its doors. Furthermore, both images and library will then be accessible for research by computer. The symposium concluded with an outstanding reception at WestLicht – The Showcase of Photography, a new venue for photography in Vienna. An Italian-style buffet was served. Besides displaying some 800 examples of historically significant photographic technology from the museum collection and from prominent private collectors, WestLicht offers a comprehensive overview of the evolution of photo- graphy. It also has an exhibition programme of work by famous photographers. We are also very pleased to announce that our next meeting will be held in Stock- holm in September 2002. Our executive member, Eva Dahlman, from the Nordiska Museet in Stockholm will organise this meeting. The Symposium and the Proceedings could only be completed thanks to the generous support of our sponsors: Bundeskanzleramt, Sektion für Kunstangelegenheiten, Wien Wissenschafts- und Forschungsförderung - Stadt Wien Bank Austria, Wien We owe a great debt not only to our hosts, the Austrian National Library, but al- so to the Photographic Society in Vienna. We would like to thank them all for their substantial financial support and continued encouragement. January 2002 Anna Auer (President of the ESHP) 10 Johanna Rachinger Inauguration Speech Ladies and Gentlemen, as the Managing Director of the Austrian National Library I have great pleasure in wel- coming you to our building on the occasion of this year’s international symposium of the ”European Society for the History of Photography.” I welcome with particular warmth the participating scientists from our neighbouring countries and even further afield: from Slovenia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Italy, Ger- many, Belgium, Great Britain, Sweden, and the USA. This year’s symposium has as its theme the history of photography in Austria and in particular the importance of Vienna as a place of cultural links to Eastern Europe, the witness of a century of common history. The holdings of our Library, as the suc- cessor institution to the Imperial Court Library, document in an impressive manner those close cultural ties to our neighbouring states in the East up to the present day. To mention only one small example: the oldest book printed in Slovenian, the only existant copy, is in our Library. It is a catechism of the Slovenian religious reformer Pri- moz Trubar that appeared in 1550, and was recently shown in a splendid exposition in Lubljana. So we are especially pleased that the European Society for the History of Photo- graphy accepted the invitation of the Austrian National Library to hold its conference this year in the historic rooms of the Austrian National Library. Incidentally, you are at the moment in the former Oratorium of the Augustinian monastery, which today still exists in the neighbouring buildings. This room was used by the ruling Habsburg family for the storage of corpses before burial. If you look closely you can see skulls in the stucco of the ceiling. Please permit me to say a few words about