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Flappie Met Pruimen?

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Flappie Met Pruimen? Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Tine Ketelaars Flappie met pruimen? Een analyse van de ambiguïteit in de Westerse mens- dierverhouding. Masterproef voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Moraalwetenschappen Academiejaar 2011-2012 Promotor Prof. dr. Johan Braeckman Vakgroep Wijsbegeerte en Moraalwetenschap 1 2 Dankwoord Onze interactie met dieren is een onderwerp gebleken dat weinig mensen onberoerd laat. Ik kreeg geregeld een mailtje met een artikel, een link, een weetje of een tip. Velen maakten mij deelgenoot van hun ideeën omtrent de mens-dierrelatie. Allerhande gesprekken leverden interessante denkpistes op, nieuwe invalshoeken en inzichten. Het zou mij te ver leiden om alle mensen op te sommen die ik dankbaar ben, maar weet dat ik jullie hulp en steun enorm waardeer. Dank jullie wel, liefste vrienden en familieleden! Mijn ouders verdienen op de eerste plaats een welgemeend woord van dank, omdat ik van hen moraalwetenschappen mocht studeren ondanks het feit dat ik reeds een diploma behaald had. Zij begrijpen de drang tot zelfontplooiing en mijn grote wens om een zorgboerderij op te richten, geven mij alle kansen en steunen mij onvoorwaardelijk. Mama en papa, dank jullie wel! Andere mensen die een dankwoordje verdienen zijn mijn tweelingzus Lore, mijn broer Lander en mijn vriend Thomas. Jullie stonden altijd klaar met woord en daad, lazen vele hoofdstukken zorgvuldig na en gaven zeer gewaardeerde opbouwende kritiek. Ook dank aan Bregt voor de onvoorwaardelijke vriendschap en steun. Een aantal mensen hebben mij geheel belangeloos bijgestaan met hun expertise. Dank aan Prof. Dr. Luc Crevits voor de uitleg in verband met hersencircuits en spiegelneuronen. Dank ook aan Prof. Dr. Gie van den Berghe, voor de correspondentie over de mens-dierrelatie in Nazi-Duitsland, de nuanceringen en verdiepingen van mijn onderzoeksthema en voor uw betrokkenheid. Dr. Pieter De Leemans, dank voor het uitlenen van de zes volumes ‘A Cultural History of Animals’. Prof. Dr. Samantha Hurn, dank voor uw zinvolle opmerkingen over de uitgewerkte ideeën in mijn essay. Mr. Tobias Leenaert, dank voor het opsturen van uw thesis en de tips. Maar bovenal ben ik Prof. Dr. Johan Braeckman dankbaar, voor de ondersteuning, de grote interesse, expertise en hulp om dit werk tot een goed einde te brengen. 3 4 Inhoudsopgave DANKWOORD.................................................................................................................................... 3 INLEIDING .......................................................................................................................................... 7 HOOFDSTUK 1 DE MENS IS EEN VREEMD BEESTJE.......................................................................... 9 1.1 DE RUIMERE CONTEXT .............................................................................................................. 9 1.2 ETHISCHE RELEVANTIE .............................................................................................................10 1.3 DE ROUTEPLANNING ...............................................................................................................11 HOOFDSTUK 2 DE ONDERZOEKSVRAAG ........................................................................................13 HOOFDSTUK 3 HET ONDERZOEKSDOMEIN VAN DE ANTROZOÖLOGIE ..........................................14 3.1 ANTROZOÖLOGIE ...................................................................................................................14 3.2 OORSPRONG EN ONTWIKKELING. ...............................................................................................15 3.3 VOOR- EN TEGENSTANDERS. .....................................................................................................17 HOOFDSTUK 4 DE GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE MENSDIERRELATIE.......................................................18 4.1 INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................18 4.2 DE PREHISTORIE .....................................................................................................................20 4.3 DE NEOLITHISCHE REVOLUTIE EN DE VROEGE BESCHAVINGEN ..........................................................21 4.4 DE GRIEKSE OUDHEID .............................................................................................................27 4.5 DE ROMEINSE TIJD .................................................................................................................33 4.6 DE MIDDELEEUWEN EN HET CHRISTENDOM .................................................................................38 4.7 DE RENAISSANCE ...................................................................................................................54 4.8 DE VERLICHTING EN DE INDUSTRIËLE REVOLUTIE ...........................................................................63 4.9 DE MODERNE TIJD .................................................................................................................70 4.10 OVERZICHT VAN DE BELANGRIJKSTE VISIES. ..................................................................................73 HOOFDSTUK 5 VERKLARINGEN VOOR DE AMBIGUÏTEIT IN DE WESTERSE MENS-DIERRELATIE .....81 5.1 PSYCHOLOGISCHE BESCHERMINGSMECHANISMEN. ........................................................................81 5 5.2 BIOLOGISCHE VERKLARINGEN ....................................................................................................99 5.3 TAAL .................................................................................................................................107 HOOFDSTUK 6 EINDCONCLUSIE...................................................................................................113 6.1 HET BELANG VAN DE CONTEXT ................................................................................................113 6.2 DE BELANGRIJKSTE VISIES .......................................................................................................115 6.3 DE VERKLARINGEN ...............................................................................................................115 6.4 NOTIES VOOR VERDER ONDERZOEK ..........................................................................................117 APPENDIX A: DE BELL CURVE THEORIE - GENDER EN ATTITUDES TEN OPZICHTE VAN DIEREN. ........................................................................................................................................118 APPENDIX B: EEN SCHULDIGE HOND - ANTROPOMORFISME IN D E MENS- DIERRELATIE. ..............................................................................................................................120 APPENDIX C: AGNOSTEN IN DE 18E, 19E EN 20STE EEUW. ............................................124 BIJLAGE 1: DIERCATEGORIEËN VAN AERTS. ET AL. .........................................................................127 BIJLAGE 2: DE VERGELIJKING VAN MENSEN EN DIEREN OP BASIS VAN UITERLIJK EN VERONDERSTELDE KARAKTEREIGENSCHAPPEN. ............................................................................128 BIJLAGE 3: WHY MAN IS MAN ........................................................................................................129 BIJLAGE 4: NEOTENIE EN HET WWF-LOGO .....................................................................................130 BIJLAGE 5: GEDEELDE BIOLOGISCHE CONSTITUTIE. ........................................................................131 REFERENTIES ..................................................................................................................................134 ARTIKELS EN BOEKEN: ..................................................................................................................134 WEBSITES ....................................................................................................................................142 6 Inleiding Al van kindsaf aan ben ik gefascineerd door de natuur in het algemeen, en door dieren in het bijzonder. Vandaar mijn grote enthousiasme toen ik mij mocht verdiepen in de uiterst intrigerende mens-dierrelatie. Ik heb lange tijd nagedacht over de inconsistenties in ons gedrag - waar ik overigens ook niet vrij van ben1. Jarenlang kon ik niet bevatten waarom mensen met huisdieren bijvoorbeeld vlees eten. De één ziet Flappie als een geliefd huisdier, de ander ziet eerder een delicatesse rondhuppelen. We geven voedseldieren echter nooit een naam; geen enkel restaurant heeft ‘Flappie met pruimen’ of ‘Bella in Madeirasaus’ op het menu staan. Zodra we een dier een naam geven, wordt het namelijk een subject waarmee we ons kunnen identificeren. We houden de categoriën ‘huisdier’ en ‘vlees – voorheen anoniem levend wezen’ liever gescheiden. Vandaar de titel van dit werk: ‘Flappie met pruimen’ doorbreekt deze categorieën en zet ons aan om na te denken over onze omgang met dieren. Ik wens de lezer veel leesplezier!!! 1 Overdag vis ik muggen uit de regenton, omdat ik niet wil dat ze verdrinken, maar als ze ’s avonds rond mijn oren zoemen sla ik ze wel dood. 7 8 Hoofdstuk 1 DE MENS IS EEN VREEMD BEESTJE Er was eens een slager in een klein idyllisch dorpje in West-Vlaanderen. Geen haar op zijn hoofd dat er aan dacht om paardenvlees te verkopen; daarvoor hield hij te veel van zijn eigen paard. Ook zijn hond kwam niets te kort. Maar uit protest tegen de fois-du-gras actie van GAIA, had hij in plaats van 12 kilo zo’n 15 kilo ganzenlever besteld om te verkopen. Andere anekdotische voorbeelden
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